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Song L, Liu M, Tian F, Liu Z. A Novel Luminescent Metal‐Organic Framework as a Remarkable Sensor for Detecting Aristolochic Acids in Biological Fluids. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Song
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
| | - Meiying Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
| | - Fuli Tian
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources of Hainan Province Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology Haikou 571126 China
| | - Zhiliang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics of Rare Earth Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021 China
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2
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Chan CK, Pan G, Chan W. Analysis of aristolochic acids in Houttuynia cordata by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 56:e4652. [PMID: 32975339 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Houttuynia cordata (H. cordata) is a popular vegetable in Asian countries and is also used extensively as herbal medicine in treating various diseases. H. cordata contains aristolactams, which have a similar Chinese name as aristolochic acids (AAs); hence, an emerging concern in the greater China region has arisen about the potential linkage between H. cordata and aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). However, only a single study has tested for the presence of AAs in H. cordata samples, and the analysis was limited by the analytical sensitivity of the method. Thus, further analysis of AAs in H. cordata using analytical method of higher sensitivity is needed to alleviate public anxiety over the use of this popular vegetable. In this study, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used to analyze H. cordata samples for the natural existence of aristolochic acid I (AA-I) and aristolochic acid II (AA-II), which are the most carcinogenic and nephrotoxic compounds in the AA family. After evaluating the method performance by fortifying blank samples with three concentrations of AAs, the validated method was applied to identify AA-I and AA-II in both fresh and sun-dried H. cordata samples (n = 20) collected from different cities in China. The LC-MS/MS method achieved method detection limits (MDLs) as low as 2 ng/g of AAs in H. cordata. Analysis of the collected fresh and sun-dried H. cordata samples revealed that AA-I and AA-II either do not exist naturally in H. cordata or exist at concentrations below the MDLs. Therefore, it is not very likely that consumption of H. cordata will result in AAN because AA-I and AA-II, the nephrotoxic and carcinogenic culprits of AAN, are not produced naturally in the plant or are produced at levels that do not pose a risk of AAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Kong Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Guanrui Pan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wan Chan
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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3
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Ji F, Jin R, Luo C, Deng C, Hu Y, Wang L, Wang R, Zhang J, Song G. Fast determination of aristolochic acid I (AAI) in traditional Chinese medicine soup with magnetic solid-phase extraction by high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Sgamma T, Masiero E, Mali P, Mahat M, Slater A. Sequence-Specific Detection of Aristolochia DNA - A Simple Test for Contamination of Herbal Products. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1828. [PMID: 30619401 PMCID: PMC6297175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medicines are used globally for their health benefits as an alternative therapy method to modern medicines. The market for herbal products has increased rapidly over the last few decades, but this has in turn increased the opportunities for malpractices such as contamination or substitution of products with alternative plant species. In the 1990s, a series of severe renal disease cases were reported in Belgium associated with weight loss treatment, in which the active species Stephania tetrandra was found to be substituted with Aristolochia fangchi. A. fangchi contains toxic aristolochic acids, which have been linked to kidney failure, as well as cancers of the urinary tract. Because of these known toxicities, herbal medicines containing these compounds, or potentially contaminated by these plants, have been restricted or banned in some countries, but they are still available via the internet and in alternate formulations. In this study, a DNA based method based on quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was tested to detect and distinguish Aristolochia subg. Siphisia (Duch.) O.C.Schmidt species from a range of medicinal plants that could potentially be contaminated with Aristolochia material. Specific primers were designed to confirm that Aristolochia subg. Siphisia can be detected, even in small amounts, if it is present in the products, fulfilling the aim of offering a simple, cheaper and faster solution than the chemical methods. A synthetic gBlock template containing the primer sequences was used as a reference standard to calibrate the qPCR assay and to estimate the copy number of a target gene per sample. Generic primers covering the conserved 5.8S rRNA coding region were used as internal control to verify DNA quality and also as a reference gene for relative quantitation. To cope with potentially degraded DNA, all qPCR primer sets were designed to generate PCR products of under 100 bp allowing detection and quantification of A. fangchi gBlock even when mixed with S. tetrandra gBlock in different ratios. All proportions of Aristolochia, from 100 to 2%, were detected. Using standards, associating the copy number to each start quantity, the detection limit was calculated and set to about 50 copies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Sgamma
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Biomolecular Technology Group, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Masiero
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Biomolecular Technology Group, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Purvi Mali
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Biomolecular Technology Group, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Maslinda Mahat
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Biomolecular Technology Group, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Natural Product Testing Section, Toxic Compound Detection Unit, National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, Jalan University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adrian Slater
- Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Biomolecular Technology Group, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Araya M, García S, González-Teuber M. Rapid Identification and Simultaneous Quantification of Aristolochic Acids by HPLC-DAD and Confirmations by MS in Aristolochia chilensis Using a Limited Biomass. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:5036542. [PMID: 29977642 PMCID: PMC6011054 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5036542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Six aristolochic acids were identified in the Chilean species Aristolochia chilensis using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and subsequent confirmation with mass spectrometry (MS). The fractions of each signal were collected and injected directly into an Orbitrap mass detector model Q Exactive Focus (Thermo Scientific). The acids extraction was done with 0.10-0.50 g of lyophilized and pulverized sample and concentrated in Soxhlet extraction equipment. The liquid-liquid separations and a subsequent solid phase extraction (SPE) C18 were performed using 100 µL of the extract that contains the aristolochic acids present in the Aristolochia chilensis plant. The HPLC conditions used a single mobile phase acetonitrile : water (1 : 1) acidified with 0.1% acetic acid and an isocratic elution to 1 mL·min-1. The column InertSustain C18 250 × 4.6 mm and 3 µm was used, the injection volume was 20 µL, and the time of run was reduced to 15 min. Calibration curves were constructed with r2 being 0.9997. The quantification limit for AAI was 0.138 ± 0.010 µg/mL, and for AAII, it was 0.558 ± 0.042 µg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Araya
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico de Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Samantha García
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Marcia González-Teuber
- Laboratorio de Química Ecológica, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
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Song XY, Li YD, Shi YP, Jin L, Chen J. Quality control of traditional Chinese medicines: a review. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 11:596-607. [PMID: 24345500 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are in great demand all over the world, especially in the developing world, for primary health care due to their superior merits such as low cost, minimal side effects, better cultural acceptability, and compatibility with humans. However, Chinese medicines consist of several herbs which may contain tens, hundreds, or even thousands of constituents. How these constituents interact with each other, and what the special active ones are, may be the biggest bottleneck for the modernization and globalization of TCMs. Valid methods to evaluate the quality of TCMs are therefore essential and should be promoted and be developed further through advanced separation and chromatography techniques. This paper reviews the strategies used to control the quality of TCMs in a progressive perspective, from selecting single or several ingredients as the evaluation marker, to using different kinds of chromatography fingerprint methods. In summary, the analysis and quality control of TCMs are developing in a more effective and comprehensive manner to better address the inherent holistic nature of TCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ying-Dong Li
- Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan-Ping Shi
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Pillai MG, Kumar A, Sharma R, Bhasin N. LC–MS Based Workflows for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis for Homeopathic Preparation of Hydrastis canadensis. Chromatographia 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-013-2577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tagami T, Takeda A, Asada A, Aoyama A, Doi T, Kawaguchi M, Kajimura K, Sawabe Y, Obana H, Yamasaki K. A simple and selective detection method for aristolochic acid in crude drugs using solid-phase extraction. J Nat Med 2013; 67:838-43. [PMID: 23307153 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The official Japanese method for analyzing aristolochic acid I (AA-I) in Asiasarum root using conventional high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, Sixteenth Edition. Interfering peaks of AA-I sometimes appear after HPLC analysis of crude drugs. A selective analytical method is needed to determine definitively whether AA-I is present in crude drugs. In this study, we developed a selective method that combined solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) which may be useful for identifying AA-I in crude drugs and for quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Tagami
- Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health, 1-3-69 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan,
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Chawla R, Thakur P, Chowdhry A, Jaiswal S, Sharma A, Goel R, Sharma J, Priyadarshi SS, Kumar V, Sharma RK, Arora R. Evidence based herbal drug standardization approach in coping with challenges of holistic management of diabetes: a dreadful lifestyle disorder of 21st century. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2013; 12:35. [PMID: 23822656 PMCID: PMC7983574 DOI: 10.1186/2251-6581-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Plants by virtue of its composition of containing multiple constituents developed during its growth under various environmental stresses providing a plethora of chemical families with medicinal utility. Researchers are exploring this wealth and trying to decode its utility for enhancing health standards of human beings. Diabetes is dreadful lifestyle disorder of 21st century caused due to lack of insulin production or insulin physiological unresponsiveness. The chronic impact of untreated diabetes significantly affects vital organs. The allopathic medicines have five classes of drugs, or otherwise insulin in Type I diabetes, targeting insulin secretion, decreasing effect of glucagon, sensitization of receptors for enhanced glucose uptake etc. In addition, diet management, increased food fiber intake, Resistant Starch intake and routine exercise aid in managing such dangerous metabolic disorder. One of the key factors that limit commercial utility of herbal drugs is standardization. Standardization poses numerous challenges related to marker identification, active principle(s), lack of defined regulations, non-availability of universally acceptable technical standards for testing and implementation of quality control/safety standard (toxicological testing). The present study proposed an integrated herbal drug development & standardization model which is an amalgamation of Classical Approach of Ayurvedic Therapeutics, Reverse Pharmacological Approach based on Observational Therapeutics, Technical Standards for complete product cycle, Chemi-informatics, Herbal Qualitative Structure Activity Relationship and Pharmacophore modeling and, Post-Launch Market Analysis. Further studies are warranted to ensure that an effective herbal drug standardization methodology will be developed, backed by a regulatory standard guide the future research endeavors in more focused manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Chawla
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Thakur
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Ayush Chowdhry
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Jaiswal
- Department of Plant Sciences Room 4D70 - 51, Campus Drive College of Agriculture and Bioresources University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Goel
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sharma
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Brig SK Mazumdar Marg, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Arora
- Office of CC R&D (LS & IC), Defence Research and Development Organisation, DRDO Bhawan, New Delhi, India
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10
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Xu YQ, Li XW, Liu GX, Wang X, Shang MY, Li XM, Cai SQ. Comparative study of the contents of analogues of aristolochic acid in two kinds of Aristolochiae Fructus by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Nat Med 2012; 67:113-22. [PMID: 22484602 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-012-0664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochiae Fructus ("Madouling") is derived from the fruits of Aristolochia contorta and A. debilis (Aristolochiaceae). These two species contain potentially nephrotoxic constituents, but are officially used in China. Distinction of constituents and toxicity between these two species remains unclear. A high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of seven analogues of aristolochic acid (aristolochic acids I, II, IIIa, IVa and VIIa), as well as aristololactams I and II in Aristolochiae Fructus. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Zorbax SB-C(18) column with a gradient mobile phase comprising acetonitrile and 1 % acetic acid-30 mM triethylamine (20:1, v/v) buffer. Analytes were detected with a diode array detector at 250 and 260 nm. The contents of seven constituents in samples (11 batches of A. contorta fruits, 15 batches of A. debilis fruits and 33 commercial samples of Madouling) were determined. The content of aristolochic acid IVa was higher than that of aristolochic acid VIIa in A. contorta fruits, whereas the opposite was true in A. debilis fruits. This feature can be used to distinguish the two species from each other and identify the resource plant of Madouling. Through a morphological method and a newly found principle based on the ratio AA-IVa/AA-VIIa, we found that the 33 commercial samples collected from 12 provinces in China were all derived from the fruits of A. contorta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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11
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Tian M, Tanaka H, Shang MY, Karashima S, Chao Z, Wang X, Cai SQ, Shoyama Y. Production, Characterization of a Monoclonal Antibody against Aristolochic Acid-II and Development of its Assay System. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 36:425-36. [PMID: 18457371 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08005874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid-II (AA-II) conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as an antigen for immunizing BALB/c mice. Isolated splenocytes from the immunized mice were fused with an aminopterin-sensitive mouse myeloma cell line, SP2/0-Ag14, to produce hybridoma cells that secreted a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against AA-II. The selected hybridoma was subsequently cloned by limited dilution method. For MAb, the isotype and an estimated dissociation constant ( K D ) of the MAb were determined. The MAb was used to establish an ELISA method. Accuracy and variation assays, as well as determinations of the specificity and sensitivity, were also carried out and the linear range was 0.19–13 μg/ml. The anti-AA-II MAb showed a very high specificity for AA-II and had low cross-reactivities against the other aristolochic acid (AAs) (CR: AA-I, 3.4%; AA-VIIa, 0.86%) or aristololactam-I (AL-I) (CR < 0.07%) except AA-IIIa which has 17% of cross activity. Anti-AA-II MAb also showed negligible cross-reactivity (< 0.5%) toward other natural compounds with different chemical structures including barbaloin, sennoside A, rutin, glycyrrhizin, caffeic acid etc. This is the first time that an ELISA method was successfully established for the application of anti-AA-II MAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tian
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Medicinal Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ming-Ying Shang
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Seiko Karashima
- Department of Medicinal Plant Breeding, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Zhi Chao
- School of TCM, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shao-Qing Cai
- Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38 Xue-yuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yukihiro Shoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, Huis Ten Bosch 2825-7, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
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Chiang SY, Shih WC, Liao HT, Shu PC, Wey MT, Huang HF, Wu KY. Analysis of urinary aristolactams by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:2494-500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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13
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Heaton J, Whiley L, Hong Y, Mary Sebastian C, William Smith N, Legido-Quigley C. Evaluation of Chinese medicinal herbs fingerprinting by HPLC-DAD for the detection of toxic aristolochic acids. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1111-5. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Zhang J, Xiao Y, Feng J, Wu SL, Xue X, Zhang X, Liang X. Selectively preparative purification of aristolochic acids and aristololactams from Aristolochia plants. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 52:446-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Dahab AA, Smith NW, Marlin N. Determination of Aristolochic Acid I and II in Traditional Chinese Medicine by HPCE with Label Free Intrinsic Imaging. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yuan J, Liu Q, Wei G, Tang F, Ding L, Yao S. Characterization and determination of six aristolochic acids and three aristololactams in medicinal plants and their preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2332-42. [PMID: 17631673 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid derivatives (AAs) and aristolactam derivatives (ALs) have been characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and their fragmentation pathways are proposed. ALs exhibit a single ionization product [M+H]+, whereas AAs show multiple ionization products. By optimizing the chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric parameters, the precursor ions of the derivatives with the best responses were found, and the sensitivities in the determination of the nine derivatives were improved. Based on the investigation of ionization behaviour, a HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) method has been developed for simultaneous analysis of nine derivatives, i.e., AA I, AA II, AA C, AA D, 7-OH AA I, aristolic acid I, AL AII, AL IIIa and AL IVa, in nine medicinal herbs and two preparations. The method appears to be suitable for safety assurance and quality control of commercially available samples with good selectivity and suitable sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing & Chemometrics, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
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Zhai ZD, Luo XP, Shi YP. Separation and determination of aristolochic acids in herbal medicines by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Zhou X, Zheng C, Sun J, You T. Analysis of nephroloxic and carcinogenic aristolochic acids in Aristolochia plants by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection at a carbon fiber microdisk electrode. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1109:152-9. [PMID: 16430908 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2005] [Revised: 12/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are the main bioactive ingredients in the most of Aristolochia plants, which are used to make dietary supplements, slimming pills and Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). Excessive ingestion of AAs can lead to serious nephropathy. Therefore, quantitative analysis and quality control for the plants containing AAs is of great importance. In this paper, capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical detection (ED) at a 33 microm carbon fiber microdisk electrode (CFE) has been applied to detect AA-I and AA-II in Aristolochia plants. Under the optimum conditions: detection potential at 1.20 V, 2.0 x 10(-2) mol L(-1) phosphate buffer solution (PBS) (pH 10.0), injection time 25 s at a height of 17 cm and separation voltage at 12.5 kV, the AA-I and AA-II were baseline separated within 5 min. Low detection limits for AA-I and AA-II were 4.0 x 10(-8) mol L(-1) and 1.0 x 10(-7) mol L(-1), respectively. Wide linear ranges were from 4.0 x 10(-8) mol L(-1) to 1.9 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) and 1.0 x 10(-7) mol L(-1) to 5.0 x 10(-5) mol L(-1) for AA-I and AA-II, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to analyze AAs contents in plant extracts. The results indicated that the contents of AAs in each part of Aristolochia debilis Sieb. Et Zucc. plant were different. Meanwhile, the CE-ED method was utilized for fingerprint analysis of medicine herbs. Six herbs (Radix aristolochiae, Fructus aristolochiae, Herba aristolochiae, Caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis, Caulis clematidis armandii, Caulis akebiae) were well distinguished by comparing their electropherograms obtained by CE-ED method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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Li W, Chen Z, Liao Y, Liu H. Study on separation of aristolochic acid I and II by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and competition mechanism between SDS and β-cyclodextrin. Electrophoresis 2006; 27:837-41. [PMID: 16411270 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200500228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a rapid MEKC method using 40 mM sodium borate buffer containing 50 mM SDS as surfactant was developed for the analysis of aristolochic acid (AA) in Aristolochia plants. Baseline separation of AA-I and AA-II was achieved within 3 min with high separation efficiency, satisfactory sensitivity, repeatability, and recovery. Resolution between AA-I and AA-II is above 5 and great performance with higher than 200,000 theoretical plate numbers was obtained. The detection limits (based on 3 S/N) were both 1.0 microg/mL. Two kinds of AA in 35 herbal samples of Aristolochia plants were successfully determined. The competition mechanism between beta-CD and SDS was also investigated by changing the content ratio of beta-CD and SDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- The Key Lab of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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20
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Ohno T, Mikami E, Matsumoto H, Kawaguchi N. Identification Tests of Aristolochic Acid in Crude Drugs by Reversed-Phase TLC/Scanning Densitometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.52.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Li W, Chen Z, Liao Y, Liu H. Separation Methods for Toxic Components in Traditional Chinese Medicines. ANAL SCI 2005; 21:1019-29. [PMID: 16363468 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.21.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with many unique functions for treating diseases have attracted the interest of people worldwide. They have been popularly utilized for therapy and health promotion in most Asian countries and even in many European and North American countries. However, it should be clearly noted that TCMs are mixtures with complicated composition usually containing hundreds, even thousands of chemically different constituents, and it is the multiple constituents that work synthetically to determine the ultimate effect of a formula of TCM. Meanwhile, some components with toxicity in some TCMs, having various negative effects on different parts of body, may do serious harm to people's health; such harm in particular requires our attention. In this article, applications of different chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques in the analysis of toxic components in TCMs in recent decades have been comprehensively reviewed and some hyphenated procedures (combinations of two kinds of measurement) applied in this field are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- The Key Lab of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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Drasar P, Moravcova J. Recent advances in analysis of Chinese medical plants and traditional medicines. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 812:3-21. [PMID: 15556485 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine is gaining increasing popularity worldwide for health promotion and adjuvant therapy. Thus, selective and efficient analytical methods are required not only for quality assurance but also for authentication of the plant material. Applications of both chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques to the analysis of medicinal plants and Chinese traditional medicine preparations over the last 3 years are outlined in this review. The role of chemical fingerprinting is highlighted and a brief survey of determination of toxic components, natural and synthetic adulterants is also included. Moreover, different sample pretreatment and extraction methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Drasar
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, CZ-166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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