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Yang Y, Xiong Y, Zhu G, Sun M, Zou K, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Li Y, Zhu W, Jia Q, Li B, Ge G. Discovery of seven-membered ring berberine analogues as highly potent and specific hCES2A inhibitors. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 378:110501. [PMID: 37080375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Human carboxylesterase 2A (hCES2A) is a key serine hydrolase responsible for the metabolic clearance of large number of compounds bearing the ester- or amide-bond(s). Inhibition of hCES2A can relieve the chemotherapy-induced toxicity and alter the pharmacokinetic bahaviors of some orally administrate esters-containing agents. However, most of the hCES2A inhibitors show poor cell-membrane permeability and poor specificity. Herein, guided by the structure activity relationships (SAR) of fifteen natural alkaloids against hCES2A, fifteen new seven-membered ring berberine analogues were designed and synthesized, and their anti-hCES2A activities were evaluated. Among all tested compounds, compound 28 showed potent anti-hCES2A effect (IC50 = 1.66 μM) and excellent selectivity over hCES1A (IC50 > 100 μM). The SAR analysis revealed that the seven-membered ring of these berberine analogues was a crucial moiety for hCES2A inhibition, while the secondary amine group of the ring-C is important for improving their specificity over other serine hydrolases. Inhibition kinetic analyses and molecular dynamic simulation demonstrated that 28 strongly inhibited hCES2A in a mixed-inhibition manner, with an estimated Ki value of 1.035 μM. Moreover, 28 could inhibit intracellular hCES2A in living HepG2 cells and exhibited suitable metabolic stability. Collectively, the SAR of seven-membered ring berberine analogues as hCES2A inhibitors were studied, while compound 28 acted as a promising candidate for developing highly selective hCES2A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guanghao Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengru Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kun Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yitian Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Drug Discovery and Design Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Guangbo Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Xia H, Dai Y, Zhao C, Zhang H, Shi Y, Lou H. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies for chemical analysis of Euodiae fructus: A review. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:5-29. [PMID: 36442477 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Euodiae fructus, also known as Evodiae fructus, is a popular Chinese herbal medicine derived from the dried, nearly ripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) T. G. Hartley. The main bioactive constituents of Euodiae fructus are alkaloids, limonoids, flavonoids, and anthraquinones. The contents of these compounds vary greatly between different plant species, geographic locations, and harvest times, which thus affect the therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVES We aimed to summarize the chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus. Moreover, we aimed to emphasize the diverse soft ionization techniques and mass analyzers of LC-MS methods for assessment of Euodiae fructus. METHODOLOGY A literature study was carried out by retrieving articles published between January 1988 and December 2021 from well-known databases, including PubMed, ASC, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, J·STAGE, Thieme, Taylor & Francis, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, and CNKI. The chemical analysis methods were described in several categories in accordance with the used analytical techniques, including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and counter-current chromatography (CCC). RESULTS This review systematically summarizes the achievements in chemical analysis and quality evaluation of Euodiae fructus published in over three decades, covering the various chromatographic and mass spectrometric technologies applied for identification and quantification of phytochemical constituents. CONCLUSION The summary serves as an important basis for future phytochemical research and implementation of quality control methods in order to ensure the efficacy and safety of Euodiae fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yanpeng Dai
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chengxin Zhao
- The People's Republic of China Taian Customs, Taian, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Key Disciplines on Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine of SATCM, the Key Unit for Research of Technique and Principle of Honey-Processing and Carbonizing of SATCM, Shandong Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Quality Standard Research, Taishan Scholar-Distinguished Experts Position, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yusheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Educational of Minister, College of Life Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Dalian, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Yin X, Huang S, Wu X, Wang Y, Li X. Assessment of alkaloids from the stems of 14
Berberis
species in China. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202200114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yin
- Experimental Teaching Center College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Department of Plant Biology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of Plant Biology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Plant Biology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Plant Biology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing P. R. China
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Zhang J, Yin Y, Xu Q, Che X, Yu C, Ren Y, Li D, Zhao J. Integrated serum pharmacochemistry and investigation of the anti-gastric ulcer effect of Zuojin pill in rats induced by ethanol. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1417-1435. [PMID: 35938492 PMCID: PMC9361771 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2098345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Zuojin Pill (ZJP) has been used to treat gastrointestinal problems in China for hundreds of years. OBJECTIVE To discover more potential active ingredients and evaluate the gastroprotective mechanisms of ZJP. MATERIALS AND METHODS An approach involving UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and serum pharmacochemistry was established to screen the multiple chemical constituents of ZJP. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into six groups: normal control, ulcer control, omeprazole (30 mg/kg), and three ZJP groups (1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg). After oral treatment with ZJP or omeprazole for 7 days, all groups except the normal control group were orally administered 5 mL/kg ethanol to induce gastric ulceration. Histopathological assessment of gastric tissue was performed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Antioxidant parameters and inflammatory mediators were determined using ELISA Kit and immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Ninety components were identified in ZJP. Among them, 23 prototypes were found in rat serum after oral administration of ZJP. The ulcer inhibition was over 90.0% for all the ZJP groups. Compared with the ulcer control rats, ZJP (4.0 g/kg) enhanced the antioxidant capacity of gastric tissue: superoxide dismutase (1.33-fold), catalase (2.61-fold), glutathione (2.14-fold), and reduced the malondialdehyde level (0.48-fold). Simultaneously, the ZJP meaningfully lowered the content of tumour necrosis factor-α (0.76-fold), interleukin-6 (0.66-fold), myeloperoxidase (0.21-fold), and nuclear factor kappa B (p65) (0.62-fold). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS This study showed ZJP could mitigate ethanol-induced rat gastric ulcers, which might benefit from the synergistic actions of multiple ingredients. The findings could support the quality control and clinical trials of ZJP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qianqian Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Che
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Chen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Li YY, Feng JL, Li Z, Zang XY, Yang XW. Separation and Enrichment of Alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus by Macroporous Resin and Evaluation of the Effect on Bile Reflux Gastritis Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:724. [PMID: 35163988 PMCID: PMC8839576 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zuojin Pill consists of Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Euodiae Fructus (EF). It has been a classic prescription for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in China since ancient times. Alkaloids are considered to be its main pharmacologically active substances. The authors of the present study investigated the feasibility of preparing high purity total alkaloids (TAs) from CR and EF extracts separately and evaluated the effect for the treatment of bile reflux gastritis (BRG). Coptis chinensis Franch. and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth. were used in the study. An optimized method for the enrichment and purification of TAs with macroporous resin was established. Furthermore, qualitative analysis by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS) was explored to identify the components of purified TAs. Thirty-one compounds, thirty alkaloids and one phenolic compound, were identified or tentatively assigned by comparison with reference standards or literature data. A method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (UHPLC-DAD) for quantitative analysis was also developed. The contents of nine alkaloids were determined. Moreover, a rat model of BRG was used to investigate the therapeutic effect of the combination of purified TAs from CR and EF. Gastric pathologic examination suggested that the alkaloids' combination could markedly attenuate the pathological changes of gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 101191, China;
- TCM R&D Center, Beijing Increase Pharm Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, China
| | - Jin-Lei Feng
- TCM R&D Center, Tianjin Increase Innovative Drug Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300382, China; (J.-L.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zheng Li
- TCM R&D Center, Tianjin Increase Innovative Drug Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300382, China; (J.-L.F.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xin-Yu Zang
- TCM R&D Center, Beijing Increase Pharm Co., Ltd., Beijing 102200, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 101191, China;
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Li Y, Li J, Yan D, Wang Q, Jin J, Tan B, Qiu F. Influence of Zuojin Pill on the Metabolism of Venlafaxine in Vitro and in Rats and Associated Herb-Drug Interaction. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1044-1052. [PMID: 32561594 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Venlafaxine (VEN), a first-line antidepressant, and Zuojin Pill (ZJP), a common Chinese herbal medicine consisting of Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Evodiae, have a high likelihood of combination usage in patients with depression with gastrointestinal complications. ZJP exhibits inhibitory effects on recombinant human cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (rhP450s), especially on CYP2D6, whereas VEN undergoes extensive metabolism by CYP2D6. From this perspective, we investigated the influence of ZJP on the metabolism of VEN in vitro and in rats for the first time. In this study, ZJP significantly inhibited the metabolism of VEN in both rat liver microsomes (RLM) and human liver microsomes (HLM); meanwhile, it inhibited the O-demethylation catalytic activity of RLM, HLM, rhCYP2D6*1/*1, and rhCYP2D6*10/*10, primarily through CYP2D6, with IC50 values of 129.9, 30.5, 15.4, and 2.3 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of ZJP on hepatic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of VEN could also be observed in the pharmacokinetic study of rats. The area under drug concentration-time curve0-24 hour of VEN and its major metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine (ODV) increased by 39.6% and 22.8%, respectively. The hepatic exposure of ODV decreased by 57.2% 2 hours after administration (P = 0.014). In conclusion, ZJP displayed inhibitory effects on hepatic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of VEN in vitro and in rats mainly through inhibition of CYP2D6 activity. The human pharmacokinetic interaction between ZJP and VEN and its associated clinical significance needed to be seriously considered. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Zuojin Pill, a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine, demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on hepatic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine in vitro and in rats mainly through suppression of CYP2D6 activity. The human pharmacokinetic interaction between Zuojin Pill and venlafaxine and its associated clinical significance needs to be seriously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.L., D.Y., Q.W., J.J., B.T., F.Q.) and Department of Pharmacy, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
| | - Juan Li
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.L., D.Y., Q.W., J.J., B.T., F.Q.) and Department of Pharmacy, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
| | - Dongmin Yan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.L., D.Y., Q.W., J.J., B.T., F.Q.) and Department of Pharmacy, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.L., D.Y., Q.W., J.J., B.T., F.Q.) and Department of Pharmacy, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
| | - Jingyi Jin
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.L., D.Y., Q.W., J.J., B.T., F.Q.) and Department of Pharmacy, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
| | - Bo Tan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.L., D.Y., Q.W., J.J., B.T., F.Q.) and Department of Pharmacy, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
| | - Furong Qiu
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (Y.L., J.L., D.Y., Q.W., J.J., B.T., F.Q.) and Department of Pharmacy, Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China (J.L.)
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Wang T, Yan YF, Yang L, Huang YZ, Duan XH, Su KH, Liu WL. Effects of Zuojin pill on depressive behavior and gastrointestinal function in rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress: Role of the brain-gut axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112713. [PMID: 32109545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zoujin pill (ZJP), a medication used to treat gastrointestinal disorders since the 15th Century in China, have been reported to exert anti-depressant effects in various models. STUDY AIM To assess the effects of ZJP on gastrointestinal function and depressive behavior in rats under chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), and to examine the underlying mechanisms related to brain-gut axis. METHODS The rats suffered the stressor once daily for 5 weeks. ZJP (0.6 and 1.2 g/kg) and fluoxetine (15 mg/kg) as positive control were administered to the rats through gastric intubation once daily for 5 consecutive weeks. The anti-depression effects were compared by performing sucrose preference tests and open field tests. Gastrointestinal motility was investigated by determining the gastrointestinal transit rate and by electrogastrogram. The serum levels of the gastrointestinal hormone (GAS, MOT, VIP, SP), inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6; , TNFα) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For monoamine neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT, DA), the levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection in conjunction, which was applied on the samples taken from the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and striatum. RESULTS The depression-like symptoms among rats under CUMS were significantly relieved by ZJP administration (0.6 and 1.2 g/kg). Gastrointestinal motility was also improved by restoring gastric electrical rhythm and promoting gastrointestinal propulsion. The ZJP at 0.6 g/kg dosage obviously up-regulated 5-HT and DA levels in hippocampus. The ZJP at 1.2 g/kg dosage could increase 5-HT and DA levels in hypothalamus, striatum, and hippocampus, while down-regulated the NE level in hypothalamus and hippocampus. ZJP also reversed the alterations in serum gastrointestinal hormones. Furthermore, treatment with ZJP significantly reduced levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and increased serum GLP-1 compared with the CUMS group. Fluoxetine also exerted similar anti-depressant effects in the absence of effects on gastrointestinal motility and the levels of serum hormone, inflammatory cytokine and GLP-1. CONCLUSION ZJP imposed anti-depressant and gastrointestinal regulating functions in rats under CUMS, suggesting potential clinical application. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yan-Feng Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210014, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Duan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Kun-Han Su
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210014, PR China.
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Protective Effects of Evodiamine against LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury through Regulation of ROS-NF- κB-Mediated Inflammation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:2190847. [PMID: 30941189 PMCID: PMC6421037 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2190847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical care syndrome, which is usually associated with sepsis-related endotoxemia. Evodiamine (EVO) is an active ingredient of many traditional medicinal formulations that possess a battery of biological activities. In the study, we aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of EVO against lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced AKI and cytotoxicity. LPS-resulted pathological injuries were significantly ameliorated by the administration of EVO. EVO reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in LPS-treated rats. EVO also inhibited LPS-induced reduction of cell viability in NRK-52E cells. LPS-resulting increase of TNFα and IL-1β in both serum and kidney of rats and NRK-52E cells was inhibited by EVO. LPS-induced increase of P65 NF-κB expression was markedly inhibited by EVO. EVO-induced reduction of TNFα and IL-1β expression in LPS-treated cells was blocked by overexpression of P65 NF-κB. Moreover, the increase of cell viability in LPS-treated cells induced by EVO was remarkably suppressed by overexpression of P65 NF-κB. LPS-resulting increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was suppressed by EVO. H2O2 suppressed EVO-induced decrease of P65 NF-κB expression and increase of cell viability in LPS-treated NRK-52E cells. Moreover, the antioxidant NAC significantly promoted EVO-induced decrease of P65 NF-κB expression and increase of cell viability in LPS-treated NRK-52E cells. In conclusion, EVO had crucial protective effects against LPS-induced AKI and cytotoxicity through the antioxidant activities and thus the inhibition of inflammation. Our data highlight EVO as a potential candidate for the development of new strategies for the treatment of AKI.
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A Multi-Level Strategy Based on Metabolic and Molecular Genetic Approaches for the Characterization of Different Coptis Medicines Using HPLC-UV and RAD-seq Techniques. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123090. [PMID: 30486378 PMCID: PMC6321400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coptis plants (Ranunculaceae) to have played an important role in the prevention and treatment human diseases in Chinese history. In this study, a multi-level strategy based on metabolic and molecular genetic methods was performed for the characterization of four Coptis herbs (C. chinensis, C. deltoidea, C. omeiensis and C. teeta) using high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) techniques. Protoberberine alkaloids including berberine, palmatine, coptisine, epiberberine, columbamine, jatrorrhizine, magnoflorine and groenlandicine in rhizomes were identified and determined based on the HPLC-UV method. Among them, berberine was demonstrated as the most abundant compound in these plants. RAD-seq was applied to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data. A total of 44,747,016 reads were generated and 2,443,407 SNPs were identified in regarding to four plants. Additionally, with respect to complicated metabolic and SNP data, multivariable statistical methods of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were successively applied to interpret the structure characteristics. The metabolic variation and genetic relationship among different Coptis plants were successfully illustrated based on data visualization. Summarily, this comprehensive strategy has been proven as a reliable and effective approach to characterize Coptis plants, which can provide additional information for their quality assessment.
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Comprehensive quality assessment for Rhizoma Coptidis based on quantitative and qualitative metabolic profiles using high performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform near-infrared and Fourier transform mid-infrared combined with multivariate statistical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 161:436-443. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Jiang LF, Chen BC, Chen B, Li XJ, Liao HL, Zhang WY, Wu L. Aptamer-functionalized Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the selective extraction of berberine from Cortex phellodendri. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2933-2940. [PMID: 28556490 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The extraction adsorbent was fabricated by immobilizing the highly specific recognition and binding of aptamer onto the surface of Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles, which not only acted as recognition elements to recognize and capture the target molecule berberine from the extract of Cortex phellodendri, but also could favor the rapid separation and purification of the bound berberine by using an external magnet. The developed solid-phase extraction method in this work was useful for the selective extraction and determination of berberine in Cortex phellodendri extracts. Various conditions such as the amount of aptamer-functionalized Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles, extraction time, temperature, pH value, Mg2+ concentration, elution time and solvent were optimized for the solid-phase extraction of berberine. Under optimal conditions, the purity of berberine extracted from Cortex phellodendri was as high as 98.7% compared with that of 4.85% in the extract, indicating that aptamer-functionalized Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles-based solid-phase extraction method was very effective for berberine enrichment and separation from a complex herb extract. The applicability and reliability of the developed solid-phase extraction method were demonstrated by separating berberine from nine different concentrations of one Cortex phellodendri extract. The relative recoveries of the spiked solutions of all the samples were between 95.4 and 111.3%, with relative standard deviations ranging between 0.57 and 1.85%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Feng Jiang
- Guangxi Scientific Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Bo-Cheng Chen
- Guangxi Scientific Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Ben Chen
- Guangxi Scientific Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Xue-Jian Li
- Guangxi Scientific Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Hai-Lin Liao
- Guangxi Scientific Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- Guangxi Scientific Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
| | - Lin Wu
- Guangxi Scientific Research Centre of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Foundation Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China
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12
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Yang YF, Zhou QL, Yang XW. Elucidation of Compatibility Interactions of Traditional Chinese Medicines: In Vitro Absorptions Across Caco-2 Monolayer of Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus in Zuojin and Fanzuojin Formulas as A Case. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1220-1229. [PMID: 28557048 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines are often combined as formulae and interact with each other. As for Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) and Euodiae Fructus (EF), the most classical compatibilities were Zuojin (ZJF) and Fanzuojin formulas (FZJF) with reverse mixture ratios and opposite effects. To compare in vitro absorption interactions between CR and EF, bidirectional transports across Caco-2 cell monolayer of extracts of two formulas and equivalent single herbs were studied. Eighteen alkaloids from CR and EF were determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Parameter apparent permeability coefficient (Papp ) and efflux rate (ER) values showed that most alkaloids were well or moderately absorbed and six quaternary protoberberine alkaloids from CR had obvious efflux. ZJF compatibilities reduced both Papp BL→AP and ER values of three indole alkaloids, and increased ER values of two quinolone alkaloids from EF. FZJF compatibilities obviously affected the bidirectional Papp values of CR alkaloids, weakened ERs of five protoberberines from CR and enlarged ERs of two quinolones from EF. Conclusions were drawn that different compatibility ratios of CR and EF led to different interactions on the in vitro absorption of alkaloids. The results may provide a good reference for interaction studies on the compatibilities of traditional Chinese medicines. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qi-Le Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
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13
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Klein-Júnior LC, Vander Heyden Y, Henriques AT. Enlarging the bottleneck in the analysis of alkaloids: A review on sample preparation in herbal matrices. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Qiu F, Liu S, Miao P, Zeng J, Zhu L, Zhao T, Ye Y, Jiang J. Effects of the Chinese herbal formula “Zuojin Pill” on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan in healthy Chinese volunteers with CYP2D6*10 genotype. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:689-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Wang J, Zhang T, Zhu L, Ma C, Wang S. Anti-ulcerogenic effect of Zuojin Pill against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesion in animal models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:459-467. [PMID: 25959443 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuojin Pill (ZJP), a traditional Chinese medicinal decoction, contains two herbal drugs: Coptis chinensis Franch. and Tetradium ruticarpum (A. Juss.) Hartley in the ratio of 6:1 (w/w). In this study, ZJP was evaluated for its gastroprotective potential against mucosal lesions induced by ethanol in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS 50 mice were assigned to 5 groups: groups 1 and 2 were given distilled water orally. Group 3 was administered omeprazole 20mg/kg, groups 4 and 5 were given ZJP (1g/kg, 2g/kg, respectively). After an additional hour, the mice in groups 2-5 received ethanol (0.2ml/kg) orally while group 1 received distilled water instead. Mice were killed after 4h and their serum and stomachs subjected to further studies. The superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in serum were assayed by SOD and MDA kits, respectively. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in stomachs were assayed by MPO kit. The levels of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in serum were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method (ELISA). Pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The levels of nuclear factor-кBp65 (NF-кBp65), P-NF-кBp65, P-IкBα, IкBα, P-IKKα, IKKα, P-IKKβ, IKKβ in stomachs were assayed by western blot. RESULTS The data showed that treatment with the ZJP markedly attenuated MPO, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1βand increased SOD; and ZJP also decreased protein levels of P-NF-кBp65, P-IкBα, P-IKKαand P-IKKβin gastric stomachs. CONCLUSION It was concluded that ZJP may represents a potential therapeutic option to reduce the risk of gastric ulceration and the gastroprotective activity of ZJP might contribute in adjusting the inflammatory cytokine by regulating the NF-кB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tianzhu Zhang
- ChangchunUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changhcun 130117, China
| | - Lingpeng Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chunhua Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Shumin Wang
- ChangchunUniversity of Chinese Medicine, Changhcun 130117, China.
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16
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Qian P, Yang XW. Five new alkaloids from Coptidis Rhizoma–Euodiae Fructus couple and their cytotoxic activities against gastrointestinal cancer cells. Fitoterapia 2014; 93:74-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Shi HL, Peng SL, Sun J, Liu YM, Zhu YT, Qing LS, Liao X. Selective extraction of berberine from Cortex Phellodendri
using polydopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:704-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Li Shi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Shu-Lin Peng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
| | - Jun Sun
- School of Environment and Life science; Kaili University; Kaili China
| | - Yi-Ming Liu
- Department of Chemistry; Jackson State University; Jackson MS USA
| | - Yuan-Ting Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
| | - Xun Liao
- Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
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18
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Qian P, Jin HW, Yang XW. New limonoids from Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus couple. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2014; 16:333-344. [PMID: 24498938 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.881355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A pair of inseparable new limonoids, named euodirutaecins A and B, were isolated from the Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus couple, together with two new single compounds evodirutaenin A and shihulimonin A1, and the known limonoids rutaevin, limonin, 12α-hydroxyrutaevin, and alkaloids rutaecarpine and evodiamine. Structures of these compounds were identified by spectral analyses and quantum chemical computational method, and the six limonoids were also evaluated for cytotoxicities against NCI-N87 and Caco-2 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Qian
- a State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Natural Medicines , School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
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19
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Long Z, Guo Z, Xue X, Zhang X, Liang X. Two-dimensional strong cation exchange/positively charged reversed-phase liquid chromatography for alkaloid analysis and purification. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:3845-52. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Long
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Zhimou Guo
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Xingya Xue
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry; Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian China
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20
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Gao X, Yang XW, Marriott PJ. Evaluation of Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus couple and Zuojin products based on HPLC fingerprint chromatogram and simultaneous determination of main bioactive constituents. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1384-1392. [PMID: 23930714 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.793719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus couple (CEC) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine preparation consisting of Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus at the ratio of 6:1, and used to treat gastro-intestinal disorders. Alkaloids are the main bioactive component. This research provides comprehensive analysis information for the quality control of CEC. OBJECTIVE To develop a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection fingerprint for chemical composition characteristics of CEC and its products. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were separated with a Gemini C18 column by using gradient elution with water-formic acid (100:0.03) and acetonitrile as mobile phase. Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength was 250 nm. Similarity analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed to evaluate quality consistencies of analytes. Mean chromatograms and correlation coefficients of analytes were calculated by the software "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine". RESULTS Fingerprint chromatogram comparison determined 20 representative general fingerprint peaks, and the fingerprint chromatogram resemblances are all better than 0.988. Consistent results were obtained to show that CEC and its related samples could be successfully divided into three groups. Contribution plots generated by PCA were performed to interpret differences among the sample groups while peaks which significantly contributed to classification were identified. Seven bioactive constituents in the samples were verified by quantitative analysis. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The chromatographic fingerprint with similarity evaluation and PCA assay combined with quantification of seven compounds could be utilized as a quality control method for the herbal couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs (Peking University), Department of Natural Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
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21
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Zhang PT, Pan BY, Liao QF, Yao MC, Xu XJ, Wan JZ, Liu D, Xie ZY. Simultaneous Quantification of Limonin, Two Indolequinazoline Alkaloids, and Four Quinolone Alkaloids in Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth by HPLC-DAD Method. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2013; 2013:827361. [PMID: 23738236 PMCID: PMC3664498 DOI: 10.1155/2013/827361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient HPLC-DAD (225 nm) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of limonin and six key alkaloids (evodiamine, rutaecarpine, 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, evocarpine, 1-methy-2-[(6Z,9Z)]-6,9-pentadecadienyl-4-(1H)-quinolone, and dihydroevocarpine) in Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth, which has been widely used as one of the Traditional Chinese Medicines. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Hypersil BDS C18 column, and gradient elution was employed with a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and water. Contents of the analytes in 18 batches of samples were analyzed by ultrasonic extraction with ethanol and water mixture (80 : 20, v/v) followed by HPLC analysis. Separation of the seven analytes was achieved within 60 min with good linearity (r > 0.999). The RSD of both the intraday and interday precision was below 1.85%. The accuracy at different concentrations was within the range of 97.91 to 100.49%. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed to differentiate and classify the samples based on the contents of the seven constituents. This study indicated that the quality control of E. rutaecarpa could be simplified to the measurement of four constituents, and that limonin, 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, and dihydroevocarpine should also be served as the chemical markers together with evodiamine for the quality control of Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-ting Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bi-yan Pan
- Guangzhou Baiyun Shan Ming Xing Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510250, China
| | - Qiong-feng Liao
- College of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mei-cun Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin-jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-zhi Wan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-yong Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Xu L, Qi Y, Lv L, Xu Y, Zheng L, Yin L, Liu K, Han X, Zhao Y, Peng J. In vitro anti-proliferative effects of Zuojinwan on eight kinds of human cancer cell lines. Cytotechnology 2013; 66:37-50. [PMID: 23397442 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zuojinwan (ZJW), a famous Chinese medicinal formula, contains two medicinal herbs Coptis chinese Frach and Evodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth in the ratio of 6: 1. The inhibitory effects of ZJW on eight kinds of human cancer cell lines including SMMC-7721, BEL-7402, BEL-7404, HepG2, A549, NCI-H446, NCI-H460 and HCT- 116 cells were evaluated, and the possible mechanism was investigated. The growths of the eight kinds of cancer cells were inhibited by ZJW assessed through MTT assay. Flow cytometry assay revealed a sub-G1 peak with reduced DNA content was formed. The cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase in ZJW-treated SMMC-7721 and HepG2 cells, and in the S phase for NCI-H460 cells. Significant DNA damage was produced by ZJW assessed with single-cell gel electrophoresis assay. Morphological changes were also observed. Caspase-3 and -9 activities were increased following ZJW treatment. Western blot analysis showed that Bax and Bak protein levels were increased after ZJW treatment, while Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl protein levels were decreased. Our results suggest that ZJW has significant anti-cancer activities due to induction of mitochondria- dependent apoptosis pathway. Therefore, ZJW has the potential to be a novel chemotherapy drug to treat hepatoma, lung cancer and colon cancer by suppressing tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, 9 Western Lvshun South Road, Dalian, 116044, China
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Wang QS, Cui YL, Dong TJ, Zhang XF, Lin KM. Ethanol extract from a Chinese herbal formula, "Zuojin Pill", inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:377-385. [PMID: 22414473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Zuojin Pill (ZJP), a traditional Chinese medicinal decoction that has been used in treating gastritis, gastric ulcer since 15th century, contains two herbs: Rhizoma Coptidis and Fructus Evodiae in the ratio of 6:1 (w/w). Alkaloids are the main active principles contributing to ZJP's efficacy, but anti-inflammatory mechanism has not been fully clarified. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of the study is to reveal anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of ethanol extract from ZJP, which would form an additional proof to the traditional experience of ZJP in clinical administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven alkaloids were determined from the ethanol extract of ZJP using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with the gradient mobile phase. The ethanol extract from ZJP were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory action in murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) were measured by the Griess colorimetric method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Proteome profiler array was analyzed to evaluate 40 cytokines at protein level. In addition, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis were analyzed using ELISA to confirm the result of the Proteome profiler array. The gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), TNF-α, IL-6, and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were detected by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits was detected with ELISA. RESULTS The secretions of NO, PGE(2) and the mRNA expression of iNOS, COX-2 were significantly inhibited, moreover, the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α were inhibited by preventing the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits. The proteome profiler array showed that 15 cytokines and chemokines involved in the inflammatory process were down-regulated by ZJP. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of ethanol extract from ZJP might be the results from the inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α expression through preventing the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p50 and p65 subunits in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, these results provided evidence to understand the therapeutic effects of ZJP on gastritis, gastric ulcer, and other inflammatory diseases in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Song Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
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Zhao LC, He Y, Deng X, Yang GL, Li W, Liang J, Tang QL. Response surface modeling and optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of four lignans from fructus schisandrae. Molecules 2012; 17:3618-29. [PMID: 22447025 PMCID: PMC6268468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17043618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) modeling and optimization has been developed for the extraction of four lignans in Fructus Schisandrae (the fruits of Schisandra chinensis Baill). The RSM method, based on a three level and three variable Box-Behnken design (BBD), was employed to obtain the optimal combination of extraction condition. In brief, the lignans schizandrin, schisandrol B, deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B were optimally extracted with 87% ethanol as extraction solvent, extraction temperature of 160 °C, static extraction time of 10 min, extraction pressure of 1,500 psi, flush volume of 60% and one extraction cycle. The 3D response surface plot and the contour plot derived from the mathematical models were applied to determine the optimal conditions. Under the above conditions, the experimental value of four lignans was 14.72 mg/g, which is in close agreement with the value predicted by the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Zhao
- Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ying He
- Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
| | - Geng-Liang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jian Liang
- Affiliated Ruikang Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (J.L.); (Q.-L.T.); Tel.: +86-771-218-8589 (J.L.); Fax: +86-771-233-5098(J.L.)
| | - Qian-Li Tang
- Department of Scientific Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530011, China
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (J.L.); (Q.-L.T.); Tel.: +86-771-218-8589 (J.L.); Fax: +86-771-233-5098(J.L.)
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Gao X, Yang X, Mitrevski BS, Marriott PJ. Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with GC×GC-TOFMS for the analysis of volatile compounds of Coptis species rhizomes. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:1157-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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