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Development of a solventless method for the pesticides analysis. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462738. [PMID: 34915191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper represents the results of a case study investigating the development of a novel, simple, cost-effective, solventless and sensitive chromatographic method for the determination of volatile pesticides in aqueous samples by an electrothermally prepared pencil graphite (PG). In this study, PG were conditioned by passing a suitable direct current to activate PG by Joule effect. Conditioned PG was used for the extraction of Chlorpyrifos (CP), which is used as case study. The method was also found successful in the determination of CP in real water samples, providing acceptable recovery values (82-111%).
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Kermani M, Jafari MT, Saraji M. Self-rotating stir mesh screen sorptive extraction for analyzing chlorpyrifos by ion mobility spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:2631-2644. [PMID: 34036984 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay00595b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A mesh screen was electrochemically coated with polypyrrole and used as a sorptive extractor device, for the first time. This configuration acts in such a way that it is self-rotating in the presence of a magnetic force and can be used for extraction and concentration of analytes. Actually, applying a mesh screen instead of a bar or plate in sorptive extraction provided a more effective contact area between the sorptive materials and sample solution, resulting in higher sorption efficiency. The device performance was assessed by using chlorpyrifos pesticide as a model analyte. A thermal desorption unit was coupled to an ion mobility spectrometer and applied for evaporating the extracted analyte. Different parameters affecting the extraction efficiency during the electro-polymerization and the extraction process, including the time of electrodeposition, the concentration of pyrrole, oxalic acid and salt, temperature and time of extraction, and the stirring rate of the extractor device were investigated and optimized, simultaneously. The detection and quantification limits of the method were calculated to be 0.035 and 0.1 μg L-1, respectively. The linear dynamic range obtained was from 0.1 to 20 μg L-1, with a determination coefficient of 0.9984. The intra-day and inter-day-relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 3) were lower than 3% and 8%, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the absolute recovery and the enrichment factor were found to be 97% and 5820, respectively. Finally, the relative recoveries of the proposed method were calculated to be in the range of 86-111% for spiked water, wastewater, and apple samples. The results obtained from the method were validated by EPA method 622.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoure Kermani
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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Pelit L, Pelit F, Ertaş H, Ertaş FN. Electrochemically Fabricated Solid Phase Microextraction Fibers and Their Applications in Food, Environmental and Clinical Analysis. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190314155440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:Designing an analytical methodology for complicated matrices, such as biological and environmental samples, is difficult since the sample preparation procedure is the most demanding step affecting the whole analytical process. Nowadays, this step has become more challenging by the legislations and environmental concerns since it is a prerequisite to eliminate or minimize the use of hazardous substances in traditional procedures by replacing with green techniques suitable for the sample matrix.Methods:In addition to the matrix, the nature of the analyte also influence the ease of creating green analytical techniques. Recent developments in the chemical analysis provide us new methodologies introducing microextraction techniques and among them, solid phase microextraction (SPME) has emerged as a simple, fast, low cost, reliable and portable sample preparation technique that minimizes solvent consumption.Results:The use of home-made fibers is popular in the last two decades since the selectivity can be tuned by changing the surface characteristics through chemical and electrochemical modifications. Latter technique is preferred since the electroactive polymers can be coated onto the fiber under controlled electrochemical conditions and the film thicknesses can be adjusted by simply changing the deposition parameters. Thermal resistance and mechanical strength can be readily increased by incorporating different dopant ions into the polymeric structure and selectivity can be tuned by inserting functional groups and nanostructures. A vast number of analytes with wide range of polarities extracted by this means can be determined with a suitable chromatographic detector coupled to the system. Therefore, the main task is to improve the physicochemical properties of the fiber along with the extraction efficiency and selectivity towards the various analytes by adjusting the electrochemical preparation conditions.Conclusion:This review covers the fine tuning conditions practiced in electrochemical preparation of SPME fibers and in-tube systems and their applications in environmental, food and clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35 100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Füsun Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35 100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Ertaş
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35 100, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nil Ertaş
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ege University, Bornova, 35 100, İzmir, Turkey
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Pellicer-Castell E, Belenguer-Sapiña C, Amorós P, El Haskouri J, Herrero-Martínez JM, Mauri-Aucejo A. Study of silica-structured materials as sorbents for organophosphorus pesticides determination in environmental water samples. Talanta 2018; 189:560-567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shamsayei M, Yamini Y, Asiabi H. Electrochemically controlled fiber-in-tube solid-phase microextraction method for the determination of trace amounts of antipsychotic drugs in biological samples. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3598-3606. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shamsayei
- Department of Chemistry; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Yadollah Yamini
- Department of Chemistry; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Asiabi
- Department of Chemistry; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
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Guo X, Zhao F, Zeng B. Graphene-doped electrochemical copolymer coating of 2,2-bithiophene and 3-methylthiophene for the highly effective solid-phase microextraction of volatile benzene homologues. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2197-2206. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiafei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Science; Wuhan University; Wuhan P. R. China
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Hao L, Wei J, Zheng R, Wang C, Wu Q, Wang Z. Magnetic porous carbon derived from Co-doped metal-organic frameworks for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of endocrine disrupting chemicals. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:3969-3975. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hao
- College of Sciences; Hebei Agricultural University; Baoding China
| | - Jiayi Wei
- College of Sciences; Hebei Agricultural University; Baoding China
| | - Ruixue Zheng
- College of Sciences; Hebei Agricultural University; Baoding China
| | - Chun Wang
- College of Sciences; Hebei Agricultural University; Baoding China
| | - Qiuhua Wu
- College of Sciences; Hebei Agricultural University; Baoding China
| | - Zhi Wang
- College of Sciences; Hebei Agricultural University; Baoding China
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Pei M, Zhang Z, Huang X, Wu Y. Fabrication of a polymeric ionic liquid-based adsorbent for multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction of endocrine disrupting chemicals in complicated samples. Talanta 2017; 165:152-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Meseguer-Lloret S, Torres-Cartas S, Catalá-Icardo M, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM. Extraction and preconcentration of organophosphorus pesticides in water by using a polymethacrylate-based sorbent modified with magnetic nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3561-3571. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ebrahimpour E, Amiri A, Baghayeri M, Rouhi M, Lakouraj MM. Poly (indole-co-thiophene)@Fe3O4 as novel adsorbents for the extraction of aniline derivatives from water samples. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Polythiophene/graphene oxide nanostructured electrodeposited coating for on-line electrochemically controlled in-tube solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1475:8-17. [PMID: 27836227 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a novel polythiophene/graphene oxide (PTh/GO) nanostructured coating was introduced for on-line electrochemically-controlled in-tube solid phase microextraction of amitriptyline (AMI) and doxepin (DOX) as antidepressant drugs. The PTh/GO coating was prepared on the inner surface of a stainless steel tube by a facile in-situ electro-deposition method and it was used as a working electrode for electrochemically control in-tube solid phase microextraction. In the PTh/GO coating, GO acts as an anion dopant and sorbent. The PTh/GO coating, compared to PTh and GO coatings, exhibited enhanced long lifetime, good mechanical stability and a large specific surface area. Regarding the in-tube SPME, some important factors such as the extraction and desorption voltage, extraction and desorption times and flow rates of the sample solution and eluent, which could affect the extraction and separation efficiency of the analytes, were optimized. Total analysis time of this method including the online extraction and desorption time was about 21min for each sample. AMI and DOX were extracted, separated and determined with limits of detection as small as 0.3μgL-1 and 0.5μgL-1, respectively. This method showed good linearity in the range of 0.7-200μgL-1, 2.3-200μgL-1 and 2.9-200μgL-1 for AMI, and in the range 0.9-200μgL-1, 2.5-200μgL-1 and 3.0-200μgL-1 for DOX in water, urine and plasma samples, respectively; the coefficients of determination were also equal to or higher than 0.9976. The inter- and intra-assay precisions (RSD%, n=3) were in the range of 2.8-3.4% and 2.9-3.9% at the three concentration levels of 5, 25 and 50μgL-1, respectively. Finally, under the optimal conditions, the method was applied for the analysis of the drugs in human urine and plasma pretreated samples and good results were obtained.
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Efficient solid-phase microextraction of triazole pesticides from natural water samples using a Nafion-loaded trimethylsilane-modified mesoporous silica coating of type SBA-15. Mikrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-015-1724-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pelit L, Yılmaz B, Tatlı AY, Pelit F, Dizdaş TN, Özdokur KV, Ertaş H, Ertaş FN. Polythiophene–Clay Composite Solid-Phase Microextraction Fiber: Preparation, Characterization, and Application to the Determination of Methanol in Biodiesel. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1039016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dizdaş TN, Pelit FO, Korba K, Pelit L, Kanık FE, Toppare L, Ertaş H, Ertaş FN. Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Solid-Phase Microextraction Material for Application to the Determination of Pesticides. ANAL LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1033720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Water-compatible magnetic imprinted nanoparticles served as solid-phase extraction sorbents for selective determination of trace 17beta-estradiol in environmental water samples by liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1396:7-16. [PMID: 25890441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.03.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are a potential risk for wildlife and humans for their existence in water. The efficient extraction and clean-up steps are required before detection of low concentration levels of EDCs. In this work, a novel water-compatible magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles is synthesized for the selective extraction of 17β-estradiol (E2) in environmental water samples. The preparation is carried out by introducing aldehyde groups to the surface of amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles through a simple one-step modification, followed by copolymerization of functional monomer gelatin and template E2 via surface imprinting technique. The gelatin with abundant active groups could not only act as functional monomer reacting with template, but also assemble covalently at the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. At the same time, gelatin would improve the water-compatibility of imprinted materials for attaining high extraction efficiency. To obtain high imprinting effect, the preparation conditions are optimized in detail using Central composite design-response surface methodology. The resultant polymers have uniform spherical shape with a shell thickness of about 8nm, stable crystalline form, and super-paramagnetic property. Meanwhile, the obtained polymers have high capacity of 12.87mgg(-1) and satisfactory selectivity to template molecule. To testify the feasibility of the magnetic imprinted polymers in sample pretreatment, a method for determination of trace E2 in environmental water samples was set up by combination of solid-phase extraction (SPE) using the prepared polymers as sorbents and HPLC for rapid isolation and determination of E2. The limit of detection of proposed method is 0.04ngmL(-1), the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) are less than 4.6% and 5.7%, respectively. The recoveries of E2 from environmental water samples are in the range from 88.3% to 99.1% with the RSDs less than 7.2%.
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Feng Y, Zhao F, Zeng B. Ionic liquid supported on an electrodeposited polycarbazole film for the headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography determination of aromatic esters. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1570-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Faqiong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Baizhao Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education); College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan Hubei China
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Pelit FO, Pelit L, Dizdaş TN, Aftafa C, Ertaş H, Yalçınkaya E, Türkmen H, Ertaş F. A novel polythiophene – ionic liquid modified clay composite solid phase microextraction fiber: Preparation, characterization and application to pesticide analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 859:37-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jiang R, Ouyang G. Fast Analytical Techniques Based on Microextraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63299-9.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Zhang R, Su P, Yang L, Yang Y. Microwave-assisted preparation of poly(ionic liquids)-modified magnetic nanoparticles for pesticide extraction. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1503-10. [PMID: 24687971 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Novel poly(ionic liquids) were synthesized and immobilized on prepared magnetic nanoparticles, which were used to extract pesticides from fruit and vegetable samples by dispersive solid-phase extraction prior to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Compared with monomeric ionic liquids, poly(ionic liquids) have a larger effective contact area and higher viscosity, so they can achieve higher extraction efficiency and be used repeatedly without a decrease in analyte recovery. The immobilized poly(ionic liquids) were rapidly separated from the sample matrix, providing a simple approach for sample pretreatment. The nature and volume of the desorption solvent and amount of poly(ionic liquid)-modified magnetic material were optimized for the extraction process. Under optimum conditions, calibration curves were linear (R(2) > 0.9988) for pesticide concentrations in the range of 0.100-10.000 μg/L. The relative standard deviations for repeated determinations of the four analytes were 2.29-3.31%. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.29-0.88 and 0.97-2.93 μg/L, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the developed poly(ionic liquid)-modified material is an effective absorbent to extract pesticides from fruit and vegetable samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhe Zhang
- College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
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