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Liu C, Song X, Sun Y, Li Y, Li X, Zhang D. A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and clinical application of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-22. [PMID: 38146635 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2298724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix (GMR) is a traditional Chinese herb with the function of dispelling wind and dampness, and removing damp heat. Currently, it is reported in the literature that GMR mainly contains iridoids and secoiridoids, in addition to triterpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, steroids, alkaloids and other chemical components. Among them, iridoids and secoiridoids are the main active ingredients of GMR. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that GMR has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and cardioprotective. In clinical practice, GMR is mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, stroke and other related diseases with good therapeutic effects. Currently, there are few literature reports on the GMR research progress. Therefore, this paper provides a review of the chemical composition, pharmacological activity and clinical applications of GMR to provide some scientific basis for the further development of plant resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenwang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomei Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of "Taibaiqiyao" Research and Applications, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Yuze Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of "Taibaiqiyao" Research and Applications, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of "Taibaiqiyao" Research and Applications, Xianyang, P. R. China
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2
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Gao Q, Zhou LX, Huang R, Zhang SX, Chen G. Five New Glycoside Constituents from the Roots of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300841. [PMID: 37462846 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Three undescribed glycoside constituents, macrophyllosides E-G and a pair of iridoid glycosides genticrasides A/B, together with eleven known glycoside compounds were isolated from the roots of Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. Their structures were identified by means of spectra analysis and data comparison with previous literatures. Interestingly, the glucose moieties in macrophylloside E and F possess free anomeric hydroxy groups. Genticrasides A/B, identified as a pair of iridoid originated lactones, have not been reported from Gentianaceae family up to now. The anti-inflammatory effects of selected compounds were also evaluated through the nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophage cells. In which, macrophyllosides G and D showed NO inhibitory activities with rates of 76.14±4.02 % and 52.44±8.29 % at 100 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Li-Xiang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rong Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shu-Xian Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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3
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Wang J, Cao L, Gao X, Gao H, Chen X, Wang Z, Xiao W. Discovery of the material basis of Jiuwei Xifeng granules using pharmaco-chemistry and pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116504. [PMID: 37084988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jiuwei Xifeng granules (JWXF) is primarily used for the treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS) with kidney-Yin deficiency and internal stirring of liver wind. However, few studies have focused on this issue. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to clarify chemical composition of JWXF using in vitro and in vivo pharmaco-chemistry and to provide a basis for the clinical use of JWXF using a strategy of pharmacokinetics. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, the chemical constituents and in vivo metabolism of JWXF were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), and the time-dependent processes of the three main components in rats were detected using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QQQ-MS/MS). RESULTS A total of 75 constituents were identified, including 22 alkaloids, 21 terpenes, 15 organic acids and their derivatives, and 17 other compounds. After administration, 12 compounds were identified in rat plasma, including 11 prototypes and one metabolite. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the effects of gentiopicroside, gastrodin, and sweroside in rats were dose-dependent when the dose of JWXF was 1-4 g/kg. They were rapidly absorbed and did not accumulate in the plasma after 7-day continuous intragastric administration. CONCLUSIONS JWXF consists of 75 components, including alkaloids, terpenes, and organic acids. The three main compounds, gastrodin, gentiopicroside, and sweroside, undergo rapid absorption, elimination, and dose-dependent pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 21002, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 21002, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing, 211100, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222047, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 21002, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Huifang Gao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 21002, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Xialin Chen
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 21002, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 21002, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing, 211100, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222047, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, 222001, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 21002, China; National Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture, Nanjing, 211100, China; The Key Laboratory for the New Technique Research of TCM Extraction and Purification, Jiangsu Lianyungang, 222047, China.
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4
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Luo J, Yuan H, Liang L, Xie Q, Jiang S, Fu Y, Chen S, Wang W. An integrated strategy for quality control of the multi-origins herb medicine of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix based on UPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS and HPLC-DAD. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8847-8862. [PMID: 36936846 PMCID: PMC10018649 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07591a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, the dried root of Gentiana macrophylla Pall., Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk., Gentiana straminea Maxim., or Gentiana dahurica Fisch., is a traditional Chinese medicine with multi-origins and some adulterants. Liquid chromatography coupled to electrostatic orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Orbitrap-MS) was used to search the different components of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix of the four species. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) combined with fingerprint analysis, principal components analysis (PCA), and partial least-squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was also utilized to distinguish them and their adulterants based on the critical components identified by LC-MS. A single standard to determine the multi-components (SSDMC) method was established for the determination of the critical markers. A total of 93 compounds were identified from Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, including 58 common ones. Their HPLC fingerprints show a significant difference with the adulterants. In addition, PCA and PLS-DA could make a distinction among the four species. Loganic acid, 6'-O-β-d-glucosylgentiopicroside, swertiamarine, gentiopicroside, and sweroside were identified as the critical markers and then quantified by the SSDMC method. The developed strategy is powerful for the quality control and authentication of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyi Luo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China +86-731-8845-8227 +86-136-5743-8606
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China +86-731-8845-8227 +86-136-5743-8606
| | - Ling Liang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China +86-731-8845-8227 +86-136-5743-8606
| | - Qinling Xie
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China +86-731-8845-8227 +86-136-5743-8606
| | - Sai Jiang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China +86-731-8845-8227 +86-136-5743-8606
| | - Yangfen Fu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China +86-731-8845-8227 +86-136-5743-8606
| | - Shenghuang Chen
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China +86-731-8845-8227 +86-136-5743-8606
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Material Medical Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine Changsha China +86-731-8845-8227 +86-136-5743-8606
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5
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Swati K, Bhatt V, Sendri N, Bhatt P, Bhandari P. Swertia chirayita: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, quality assessment and pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115714. [PMID: 36113678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Swertia chirayita (Roxb.) H. Karst. is a traditionally used, well-recognized medicinal plant of the family Gentianaceae with significant therapeutic potential. It has been traditionally used to cure various ailments such as fever, vomiting, jaundice, digestive disorders, heart diseases, diabetes, malaria, scorpion bite, and skin diseases. AIM OF REVIEW The present review emphasized the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, chemical profiling, and structural identification of isolated compounds by analytical and spectroscopic techniques. This review demonstrates the possibility of advanced ethnopharmacological research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The literature on S. chirayita was obtained from bibliographic databases like Web of Science, PubMed, Science-Direct, American Chemical Society (ACS), Google Scholar, and SciFinder. The compiled review is covered up until March 2022. RESULTS Approximately, 123 specialized metabolites including xanthones, seco-iridoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids have been isolated and characterized from S. chirayita. The extract and isolated compounds exhibited a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antimalarial, and antibacterial offering scientific evidence for traditional claims of this medicinal plant. In addition, various analytical methods using HPTLC, UPLC, HPLC, LC-MS, and GC-MS have also been documented to determine the phytochemicals of S. chirayita. CONCLUSION The current article provides information on traditional usage, phytochemistry, chemical profiling, structure elucidation, pharmacological efficacy, toxicity, and future prospects of S. chirayita. This plant has long been traditionally used in a variety of ways by indigenous people. Numerous phytoconstituents and several pharmacological activities have been reported in S. chirayita. However, there are still some scientific gaps such as identification of bioactive compounds, structure-activity relationship and mechanistic action of isolated bioactive compounds, development of effective analytical methods for comprehensive quality control, and safety profiles that need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Swati
- CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vinod Bhatt
- CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Nitisha Sendri
- CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pooja Bhatt
- CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pamita Bhandari
- CSIR- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Efficient purification of flavonoids from bamboo shoot residues of Phyllostachys edulis by macroporous resin and their hypoglycemic activity. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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7
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Chen T, Wang S, Li H, Shen C, Yan S, Wei Y, Song Z, Li P, Li Y. Efficient One-Step Separation of Five Flavonoids from the Crude Extract of the Waste Pomace of Sea Buckthorn Berries through Counter-Current Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:578-583. [PMID: 34343279 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The pomace of sea buckthorn berries is usually discarded when transforming into nonalcoholic or alcoholic beverages, jellies, jams, juices, candies and dairy products. Here, we established a promising approach for one step separation of five flavonoids from the waste pomace of sea buckthorn berries through counter-current chromatography. The crude extract of waste pomace of sea buckthorn berries after juicing was injected into counter-current chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (v/v/v/v, 5:7:5:7) as the solvent system. As a result, five flavonoids, including quercetin, laricitrin, isorhamnetin-7-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol and isorhamnetin, were obtained in a single step separation. Our finding showed that ethanol is a good substitute for methanol to regulate the partition coefficient in hexane/ethyl acetate/ methanol/water system. This study provided a significant measure to utilize the waste pomace of Sea buckthorn berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shuping Yan
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yangfei Wei
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhibo Song
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Peipei Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China.,Savaid Medical School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yulin Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, PR China
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8
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Kostanyan AA, Voshkin AA, Belova VV. Analytical, Preparative, and Industrial-Scale Separation of Substances by Methods of Countercurrent Liquid-Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2020; 25:E6020. [PMID: 33353256 PMCID: PMC7766798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25246020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Countercurrent liquid-liquid chromatographic techniques (CCC), similar to solvent extraction, are based on the different distribution of compounds between two immiscible liquids and have been most widely used in natural product separations. Due to its high load capacity, low solvent consumption, the diversity of separation methods, and easy scale-up, CCC provides an attractive tool to obtain pure compounds in the analytical, preparative, and industrial-scale separations. This review focuses on the steady-state and non-steady-state CCC separations ranging from conventional CCC to more novel methods such as different modifications of dual mode, closed-loop recycling, and closed-loop recycling dual modes. The design and modeling of various embodiments of CCC separation processes have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey A. Voshkin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninskii pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.V.B.)
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10
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Ma Y, Yang X, Chen J, Zhao J, Yang L, Yan S, Li H, Shen C, Wei Y, Wang S, Chen T, Chen Z, Li Y. Separation of five flavonoids with similar polarity from
Caragana korshinskii
Kom. by preparative high speed counter‐current chromatography with recycling and heart cut mode. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:3748-3755. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Ma
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
- Qinghai Institute of Health Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Jilin Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Jingyang Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Shuping Yan
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Cheng Shen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Yangfei Wei
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Tao Chen
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Animal and Plant Resources of Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau Qinghai Normal University Xining P. R. China
| | - Yulin Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Science Xining P. R. China
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Huang L, Peng T, Li Y, Zhang S, Xiao S, Lu Q, Chen F, Tang L. Isolation and purification of four phenolic glycoside isomers from the leaves of Idesia polycarpa Maxim. by high-speed counter-current chromatography and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2020; 57:901-909. [PMID: 31609449 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmz063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We established an efficient method using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) combined with preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) for isolating and purifying phenolic glycoside isomers. The method involves a rapid and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-under voltage(UPLC-UV) technique using a sub-2 μm core-shell particle column for qualitative and quantitative analysis of four phenolic glycoside isomers from Idesia polycarpa Maxim. leaves. The partially purified samples from ethyl acetate extraction of ethanol extracts of I. polycarpa Maxim. leaves were obtained by HSCCC with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water solution (3:5:3:5, v/v/v/v) to obtain fractions I and II, which contain two phenolic glycoside isomers. The two fractions were further isolated by prep-HPLC to yield compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 with purities of 98.29%, 98.71%, 98.49% and 98.52%, and total recoveries of 93.5%, 72.2%, 75.5% and 88.3%, respectively. Compound 1 was first isolated from I. polycarpa Maxim., while compound 2 was reported to be a new phenolic glycoside, which is 1-[(6'-O-(Z)-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-oxy-2-phenol. The chemical structures of the four phenolic glycoside isomers were analyzed and confirmed by UPLC, UV, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectra. This study opens prospects for broad industrial applications of HSCCC/prep-HPLC for the isolation and purification of isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Tong Peng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Keystonecare Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, P. R. China, and
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Shiyan Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Shiji Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Lu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Lin Tang
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Chengdu, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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12
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Gentiopicroside isolated from Gentiana scabra Bge. inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and reduces body weight in diet-induced obese mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1699-1704. [PMID: 31130265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gentiopicroside is a major active component of the Gentiana scabra Bge., which is commonly used as herbal medicine for the treatment of inflammation in Asia. Gentiopicroside significantly down-regulated expression of key adipogenic transcription factors (PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c) and dose-dependently inhibited the lipid uptake-related gene (LPL), fatty acid transport-related gene (FABP4) and triglyceride (TG) synthesis-related gene (DGAT2), as well as fatty acid synthesis-related genes (FAS, SCD1), which resulted in reduced intracellular lipid droplet accumulation and TG content in 3T3-L1 cells. Gentiopicroside also down-regulated expression of inflammatory cytokine genes (NFκB1, TNFα, IL6) compared with vehicle. Oral administration of gentiopicroside (50 mg/kg) in mice fed with high-fat diet for 12 weeks resulted in reduced body weight and visceral fat mass compared with the control group. Overall, the results of this study showed that gentiopicroside had positive anti-obesity effects by regulating the expression of adipogenesis/lipogenesis-related genes and inflammatory genes in 3T3-L1, and that it effectively reduced body weight and visceral fat mass in vivo.
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Liang J, Sun W. Elution-extrusion countercurrent chromatography separation of six pairs of isomeric iridoids fromCornus officinalisSieb. et Zucc. guided by ion current extraction in mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2279-2287. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinru Liang
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi province; Northwest University; Xi'an China
- NICM Health Research Institute; Western Sydney University; Penrith Australia
| | - Wenji Sun
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi province; Northwest University; Xi'an China
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14
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Pandey DK, Kaur P. Optimization of extraction parameters of pentacyclic triterpenoids from Swertia chirata stem using response surface methodology. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:152. [PMID: 29492371 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation, pentacyclic triterpenoids were extracted from different parts of Swertia chirata by solid-liquid reflux extraction methods. The total pentacyclic triterpenoids (UA, OA, and BA) in extracted samples were determined by HPTLC method. Preliminary studies showed that stem part contains the maximum pentacyclic triterpenoid and was chosen for further studies. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been employed successfully by solid-liquid reflux extraction methods for the optimization of different extraction variables viz., temperature (X1 35-70 °C), extraction time (X2 30-60 min), solvent composition (X3 20-80%), solvent-to-solid ratio (X4 30-60 mlg-1), and particle size (X5 3-6 mm) on maximum recovery of triterpenoid from stem parts of Swertia chirata. A Plackett-Burman design has been used initially to screen out the three extraction factors viz., particle size, temperature, and solvent composition on yield of triterpenoid. Moreover, central composite design (CCD) was implemented to optimize the significant extraction parameters for maximum triterpenoid yield. Three extraction parameters viz., mean particle size (3 mm), temperature (65 °C), and methanol-ethyl acetate solvent composition (45%) can be considered as significant for the better yield of triterpenoid A second-order polynomial model satisfactorily fitted the experimental data with the R2 values of 0.98 for the triterpenoid yield (p < 0.001), implying good agreement between the experimental triterpenoid yield (3.71%) to the predicted value (3.79%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
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Xu Y, Li Y, Maffucci KG, Huang L, Zeng R. Analytical Methods of Phytochemicals from the Genus Gentiana. Molecules 2017; 22:E2080. [PMID: 29182593 PMCID: PMC6149888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Gentiana comprises approximately 400 species. Many species have a wide range of pharmacological activities and have been used therapeutically for thousands of years. To provide comprehensive guidance, utilization and quality control of Gentiana species, this review presents updated information concerning the recent application and progress of chemical analysis including phytochemical analysis, sample preparation and chemometrics. Detailed and comprehensive data including number of analytes, extraction/separation methods, analytical techniques and chemometrics are shown as corresponding tables. These data illustrate that the development of newly discovered compounds and therapeutic uses, understanding of the structure-activity relationship and establishment of harmonious and effective medicinal herb standards are the direction of advancement in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | | | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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16
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Preparative Separation and Purification of Four Glycosides from Gentianae radix by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography and Comparison of Their Anti-NO Production Effects. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112002. [PMID: 29149084 PMCID: PMC6150402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Secoiridoid and iridoid glycosides are the main active components of Gentianae radix. In this work, one iridoid and three secoiridoid glycosides from Gentianae radix have been purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography in two runs using different solvent systems. Ethyl acetate–n-butanol–water (2:1:3, v/v/v) was the optimum solvent system to purify ca. 4.36 mg of loganic acid, 3.05 mg of swertiamarin, and 35.66 mg of gentiopicroside with 98.1%, 97.2% and 98.6% purities, respectively, while 31.15 mg of trifloroside with 98.9% purity was separated using hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (1:3:1:3, v/v/v/v). The structures of the glycosides were identified by mass spectrometry and NMR. After separation, the anti-nitric oxide production effects of the compounds on lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 murine microglial cells were also evaluated. All of the compounds inhibited the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 cells with high cell viabilities in a concentration-dependent manner, which demonstrated that were able to be used as a nitric oxide inhibitor.
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17
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Mandova T, Audo G, Michel S, Grougnet R. Off-line coupling of new generation centrifugal partition chromatography device with preparative high pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry triggering fraction collection applied to the recovery of secoiridoid glycosides from Centaurium erythraea Rafn. (Gentianaceae). J Chromatogr A 2017; 1513:149-156. [PMID: 28754247 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A purification sequence including a Gilson CPC 250 PRO device coupled to PrepHPLC hyphenated with a MS triggering fraction collector was applied to isolate secoiridoid glycosides from a complex methanolic extract of Centaurium erythraea. This species is widely used for ethnomedicinal purposes around the Mediterranean Sea. The solvent system ethyle acetate/ethanol/water 7.5/3/5 was determined using shake-flask method targeting swertiamarin, the major secoiridoid of the extract. Optimization of CPC experimental parameters enabled the injection of 4g of extract with a flow rate of 40mL/min at 3000rpm to provide a secoiridoid glycosides enriched fraction. 130mg of this latter was submitted to a second step of purification by preparative HPLC (gradient water/formic acid (19:1) (A) and methanol (B) as follows: 0min, 85% A; 8min, 60% A; 12min, 55% A; 35min, 55% A; 40min, 10% A; 50min, 10% A; 52min, 85% A; 55min, 85% A) to give swertiamarin (36mg, yield 27.7%, purity 98.2%). Other secoiridoid glycosides (sweroside, gentiopicroside, secologanol, secoxyloganin) were also isolated in minor amounts. As these monoterpene derivatives are responsible for several biological activities, their quick recovery with high yield and purity may serve as a model for further scale-up and industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Mandova
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, UMR CNRS 8638, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France; Gilson Purification SAS, 22 rue Bourseul, ZA du Poteau, 56890 Saint-Avé, France
| | - Grégoire Audo
- Gilson Purification SAS, 22 rue Bourseul, ZA du Poteau, 56890 Saint-Avé, France
| | - Sylvie Michel
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, UMR CNRS 8638, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Grougnet
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, UMR CNRS 8638, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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18
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Zhang Q, Pei HY, Chen K, Tang H, Wu B, Tang MH, Peng AH, Ye HY, Chen LJ. Separation of caffeoylquinic acids and flavonoids from Asteris souliei by high-performance counter-current chromatography and their anti-inflammatory activity in vitro. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:2261-2268. [PMID: 28332768 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Eleven compounds were successfully separated from Asteris souliei by using a two-step high-performance counter-current chromatography method. The first step involved a reversed phase isocratic counter-current chromatography separation using hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:0.8:1:1 v/v/v/v), which produced three fractions, the first two of which were mixtures. The second step used step-gradient reversed-phase counter-current chromatography with hexane/butanol/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:0.5:3.5:1:4 v/v/v/v/v) initially followed by hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:2:1:2 v/v/v/v) to separate Fraction 1 into seven compounds; and hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (1:1:1:1.2 v/v/v/v) to separate Fraction 2 into three further compounds. The chemical structures of the separated compounds were identified by ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy (1 H and 13 C). Baicalin (5), eriodictyol (7), apigenin-7-glycoside (8), quercetin (9), luteolin (10), and apigenin (11) showed obvious inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells at a concentration of 10 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - He-Ying Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming-Hai Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai-Hua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao-Yu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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19
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Rho T, Jung M, Lee MW, Chin YW, Yoon KD. Efficient methods for isolating five phytochemicals fromGentiana macrophyllausing high-performance countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:4723-4731. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taewoong Rho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Mila Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Min Won Lee
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Derived Medicine, College of Pharmacy; Chung-Ang University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy; Dongguk University-Seoul; Goyang Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Dong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
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20
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Wang Y, Ahmad B, Duan B, Zeng R, Huang L. Chemical and Genetic Comparative Analysis of Gentiana crassicaulis and Gentiana macrophylla. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:776-81. [PMID: 27144464 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gentiana crassicaulis Duthie ex Burk. and Gentiana macrophylla Pall. are two main sources of Radix Gentianae Macrophyllae (Qinjiao) available in markets, which has a wide range of anti-inflammatory effects and has been extensively used for fighting rheumatoid arthritis. However, they vary in terms of chemical compositions, pharmacological activities, and biomass. In this study, a combined chemical and genetic (HPLC and DNA barcoding) approach was used to compare these two plants. Four predominant bioactive compounds, namely, gentiopicroside, loganic acid, swertiamarin, and sweroside, were used to assess the chemical variations. Based on chemical variations, 15 samples were clustered into two groups through PCA analyses. DNA barcoding utilizing the variable nuclear ITS2 regions were sequenced, aligned, and compared. Together with 61 sequences collected from GenBank, 76 batches of Qinjiao were clustered in two groups according to species origin. The genetic relationships indicated by the ITS2-based NJ tree were consistent with the chemical variations. Thus, the chemical profiles determined by HPLC and DNA profiles obtained from ITS2 region could be applied for the quality control of Qinjiao.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Yannan Dali University, Dali, 671000, P. R. China.,Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Centre for Biotechnology & Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Yannan Dali University, Dali, 671000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Linfang Huang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
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21
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Pan Y, Zhang J, Shen T, Zuo ZT, Jin H, Wang YZ, Li WY. Optimization of ultrasonic extraction by response surface methodology combined with ultrafast liquid chromatography–ultraviolet method for determination of four iridoids in Gentiana rigescens. J Food Drug Anal 2015; 23:529-537. [PMID: 28911712 PMCID: PMC9351802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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22
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Hua W, Hu H, Chen F, Tang L, Peng T, Wang Z. Rapid isolation and purification of phorbol esters from Jatropha curcas by high-speed countercurrent chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2767-2772. [PMID: 25686848 DOI: 10.1021/jf505655b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) method was established for the preparation of phorbol esters (PEs) from Jatropha curcas. n-Hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1.5:1.5:1.2:0.5, v/v) was selected as the optimum two-phase solvent system to separate and purify jatropha factor C1 (JC1) with a purity of 85.2%, as determined by HPLC, and to obtain a mixture containing four or five PEs. Subsequently, continuous semipreparative HPLC was applied to further purify JC1 (99.8% as determined by HPLC). In addition, UPLC-PDA and UPLC-MS were established and successfully used to evaluate the isolated JC1 and PE-rich crude extract. The purity of JC1 was only 87.8% by UPLC-UV. A peak (a compound highly similar to JC1) was indentified as the isomer of JC1 by comparing the characteristic UV absorption and MS spectra. Meanwhile, this strategy was also applied to analyze the PE-rich crude extract from J. curcas. It is interesting that there may be more than 15 PEs according to the same quasi-molecular ion peaks, highly similar sequence-specific fragment ions, and similar UV absorption spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hua
- †National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Hu
- ‡Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1166, Liutai Road, Chengdu 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Chen
- †National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tang
- †National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Peng
- †National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- †National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Plant Bio-Oil Production and Application, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, First Ring Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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Zeng R, Hu H, Ren G, Liu H, Qu Y, Hua W, Wang Z. Chemical Profiling Assisted Quality Assessment ofGentianae macrophyllaeby High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Using a Fused-Core Column. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1274-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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24
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Tang H, Wu B, Chen K, Pei H, Wu W, Ma L, Peng A, Ye H, Chen L. Separation of flavonoids from Millettia griffithii with high-performance counter-current chromatography guided by anti-inflammatory activity. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:523-9. [PMID: 25413585 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Millettia griffithii is a unique Chinese plant located in the southern part of Yunnan Province. Up to now, there is no report about its phytochemical or related bioactivity research. In our previous study, the n-hexane crude extract of Millettia griffithii revealed significant anti-inflammatory activity at 100 μg/mL, inspiring us to explore the anti-inflammatory constituents. Four fractions (I, II, III, and A) were fractionated from n-hexane crude extract by high-performance counter-current chromatography with solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (8:9:8:9, v/v) and then were investigated for the potent anti-inflammatory activity. Fraction A, with the most potent inhibitory activity was further separated to give another four fractions (IV, V, VI, and B) with solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (8:4:8:4, v/v). Compound V and fraction B exhibited remarkable anti-inflammatory activity with nitric oxide inhibitory rate of 80 and 65%, which was worth further fractionation. Then, three fractions (VII, VIII, and IX) were separated from fraction B with a solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (8:1:8:1, v/v), with compound VIII demonstrating the most potent inhibitory activity (80%). Finally, the IC50 values of compound V and VIII were tested as 38.2 and 14.9 μM. The structures were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and(1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tang
- State key laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Qv XY, Zhou QF, Jiang JG. Ultrasound-enhanced and microwave-assisted extraction of lipid fromDunaliella tertiolectaand fatty acid profile analysis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2991-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Qv
- College of Food and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Qin-Fan Zhou
- College of Food and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- College of Food and Bioengineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
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26
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Ren DB, Qin YH, Yun YH, Lu HM, Chen XQ, Liang YZ. Separation of nine compounds from Salvia plebeia R.Br. using two-step high-speed counter-current chromatography with different elution modes. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2118-25. [PMID: 24854200 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nine compounds were successfully separated from Salvia plebeia R.Br. using two-step high-speed counter-current chromatography with three elution modes. Elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography was applied in the first step, while classical counter-current chromatography and recycling counter-current chromatography were used in the second step. Three solvent systems, n-hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol/water (4:6.5:3:7, v/v), methyl tert-butyl ether/ethyl acetate/n-butanol/methanol/water (6:4:1:2:8, v/v) and n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (5:5.5:5:5, v/v) were screened and optimized for the two-step separation. The separation yielded nine compounds, including caffeic acid (1), 6-hydroxyluteuolin-7-glucoside (2), 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone-7-glucoside (3), nepitrin (4), rosmarinic acid (5), homoplantaginin (6), nepetin (7), hispidulin (8), and 5,6,7,4'-tertrahydroxyflavone (9). To the best of our knowledge, 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxyflavanone-7-glucoside and 5,6,7,4'-tertrahydroxyflavone have been separated from Salvia plebeia R.Br. for the first time. The purities and structures of these compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. This study demonstrates that high-speed counter-current chromatography is a useful and flexible tool for the separation of components from a complex sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Bing Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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