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QuEChERS Method Combined with Gas- and Liquid-Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry to Screen and Confirm 237 Pesticides and Metabolites in Cottonseed Hull. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed hull is a livestock feed with large daily consumption. If pesticide residues exceed the standard, it is easy for them to be introduced into the human body through the food chain, with potential harm to consumer health. A method for multi-residue analysis of 237 pesticides and their metabolites in cottonseed hull was developed by gas-chromatography and liquid-chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF/MS and LC-QTOF/MS). After being hydrated, a sample was extracted with 1% acetic acid in acetonitrile, then purified in a clean-up tube containing 400 mg MgSO4, 100 mg PSA, and 100 mg C18. The results showed that this method has a significant effect in removing co-extracts from the oily matrix. The screening detection limit (SDL) was in the range of 0.2–20 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was in the range of 0.2–20 μg/kg. The recovery was verified at the spiked levels of 1-, 2-, and 10-times LOQ (n = 6), and the 237 pesticides were successfully verified. The percentages of pesticides with recovery in the range of 70–120% were 91.6%, 92.8%, and 94.5%, respectively, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of all pesticides were less than 20%. This method was successfully applied to the detection of real samples. Finally, this study effectively reduced the matrix effect of cottonseed hull, which provided necessary data support for the analysis of pesticide residues in oil crops.
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Zhang C, Zhou T, Xu Y, Du Z, Li B, Wang J, Wang J, Zhu L. Ecotoxicology of strobilurin fungicides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140611. [PMID: 32721740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurin fungicides (SFs), a class of new fungicides, use strobilurin A as a lead compound. However, with excessive production and usage, the SF residues in soil and aquatic ecosystems may lead to environmental pollution. The mechanism of action (MOA) of SFs is respiratory inhibition of fungal mitochondria. Specifically, azoxystrobin (AZO), pyraclostrobin (PYR), trifloxystrobin (TRI), fluoxastrobin (FLUO), picoxystrobin (PICO), and kresoxim-methyl (KRE) are considered the most widely used SFs. The toxicities of those six fungicides in the environment are still unclear. The present review summarized the toxicities of the six SFs to terrestrial and aquatic biota, including mice, amphibians, aquatic organisms (fish, daphnia, algae, etc.), apoidea, soil animals (earthworms and Folsomia fimetaria), and soil microorganisms. We also review the residue, fate, and transportation of SFs. The results indicate that SFs are highly toxic to aquatic and soil organisms and pose potential risks to ecosystems. Current toxicology studies are more focused on acute or chronic toxicity, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and require further analysis. In addition, a simple and scientific analysis method is needed to compare the toxicity differences of different SFs to the same test organisms or differences in the same SFs to different test organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Daizong Road 61, Taian 271018, PR China.
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Huang X, Du Z, Wu B, Jia L, Wang X, Jing X. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets for HPLC determination of three strobilurin fungicides in cereals. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1279-1288. [PMID: 32436780 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1758349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on the solidification of floating organic droplets, combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (DLLME-SFOD-HPLC), was developed for the detection of strobilurin fungicides (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) in cereals. Natural fatty acids were used as an extractant and have low toxicity, density, and freezing point. The extractant nonanoic acid was evenly dispersed as droplets in sample solution and was then solidified in the upper layer of sample solution after centrifugation and ice bath, which improved the extraction and collection efficiency. The dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure was optimised by univariate analysis and the Box-Behnken response surface methodology. Optimum conditions were as follows: the volume of nonanoic acid was 82 μL, the volume of acetonitrile was 620 μL, and the amount of salt was 256 mg. Under optimised conditions, the method had good linearity with a correlation coefficient higher than 0.997, and the limit of detection was 2.57-4.87 μg kg-1. The recoveries of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin in rice, corn, and wheat were 82.0%-93.2%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.6%-7.4%. Therefore, the method was successfully applied to detect target fungicides in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyi Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Beiqi Wu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne , Parkville, Australia
| | - Liyan Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P.R. China
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu, Shanxi, P.R. China
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Li X, Cao X, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Jiang Z, Yin J. Synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymer adsorbents for solid‐phase extraction of strobilurin fungicides from agricultural products. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2133-2141. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- College of Life ScienceYantai University Yantai P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- College of Life ScienceYantai University Yantai P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- College of Life ScienceYantai University Yantai P. R. China
| | - Ziping Zhang
- College of Life ScienceYantai University Yantai P. R. China
| | - Zejun Jiang
- College of Life SciencesChina Jiliang University Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jungang Yin
- College of Life ScienceYantai University Yantai P. R. China
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Toloza CAT, Almeida JMS, Silva LOP, Macedo RC, Lamounier AP, Aucelio RQ, da Cunha ALMC. Determination of Kresoxim-Methyl in Water and in Grapes by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Using Photochemical-Induced Fluorescence and Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1733589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. T. Toloza
- Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Natural and Exact Sciences, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Joseany M. S. Almeida
- Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lillian O. P. Silva
- Chemistry Department, Education, Science and Technology Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosana C. Macedo
- Chemistry Department, Education, Science and Technology Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Lamounier
- Chemistry Department, Education, Science and Technology Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Q. Aucelio
- Chemistry Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alessandra L. M. C. da Cunha
- Chemistry Department, Education, Science and Technology Federal Institute of Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rutkowska E, Łozowicka B, Kaczyński P. Compensation of matrix effects in seed matrices followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of pesticide residues. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1614:460738. [PMID: 31806271 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite analytical advances, matrix effects (MEs) in pesticide residue analysis by gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry continue to be a challenge, especially in difficult samples such as seeds. In this study, the influence of different clean-up sorbents (chitin, chitosan, Z-Sep+, EMR-Lipid) and different mixtures of primary secondary amine (PSA), C18, graphitized carbon black (GCB) and MgSO4 were investigated in terms of MEs and recoveries in four types of seeds: cress, fennel, flax, and hemp. Additionally, different volumes of water (5, 7.5 and 10 mL) were investigated for QuEChERS extraction. Under the selected conditions: the largest volume of water (10 mL) and PSA/C18/GCB/MgSO4 (50/150/50/50 mg, respectively) as clean-up sorbent yielded acceptable recoveries of 70-120% for most of the pesticides (211-225 out of 248 compounds) and the lowest MEs were between -20%>MEs>20% (27-50 compounds). The final method was validated for 248 pesticides with LOQs equal to 0.005 mg kg-1. Additionally, matrix-matched calibration was used as a practical method to compensate for MEs. Among the 21 pesticides found in 12 of the samples, chlorpyrifos (0.008-1.1 mg kg-1), tebuconazole (0.071-0.96 mg kg-1), and trifloxystrobin (0.007-0.15 mg kg-1) were most commonly determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Rutkowska
- Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bożena Łozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Kaczyński
- Institute of Plant Protection National Research Institute, Food and Feed Safety Laboratory, Chełmońskiego 22, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland.
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Hou X, Qiao T, Zhao Y, Liu D. Dissipation and safety evaluation of afidopyropen and its metabolite residues in supervised cotton field. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:227-233. [PMID: 31100589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The novel insecticidal mechanism of afidopyropen can be substituted for traditional pesticides to control sap-sucking pests in cotton field. The data of residue amounts of afidopyropen and its metabolite M440I007 in cotton matrix and the environment soil are important to evaluate the safe use of the target compound and establish maximum residue limit (MRL). In this work, the dissipation and residue of afidopyropen and its metabolite M440I007 in cotton and field soils were investigated. The analytical methods of the target compound in cotton plants, cottonseed, crude cottonseed oil, cottonseed oil and soil were developed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), which satisfied the rules of pesticide residue determination. The dissipation half-lives of afidopyropen in cotton plants and soil ranged from 1 to 3 days and 4-13 days, respectively. After 14 days from the last application, the residues of afidopyropen were below 0.01 mg/kg in cottonseed and were <0.005-0.0099 mg/kg in soil, and the residues of M440I007 were below 0.02 mg/kg in cottonseed and below 0.01 mg/kg in soil. The total national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of afidopyropen was 1.41 mg and the risk quotient (RQ) was 28.0%. The results showed that the risk of application of afidopyropen with the recommended dosage was acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiai Hou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Qiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanling Zhao
- Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture, Kunming, Yunnan, 650212, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Sun M, Yu L, Tong Z, Dong X, Chu Y, Wang M, Gao T, Duan J. Dissipation Dynamics and Dietary Risk Assessment of Kresoxim-Methyl Residue in Rice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040692. [PMID: 30769935 PMCID: PMC6412633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kresoxim-methyl is a high-efficiency and broad-spectrum fungicide used for the control of rice fungal diseases; however, its residues after application potentially threaten human health. Investigations on the dissipation of kresoxim-methyl residue in rice field systems and dietary risk assessment of kresoxim-methyl in humans are limited. The present study employed the QuEChERS-GC-MS/MS method for residue analysis of kresoxim-methyl in rice plants, brown rice, and rice husks. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified by PSA, C18 column, and GCB. The average recovery of the spiked target compounds in the three matrices was between 80.5% and 99.3%, and the RSD was between 2.1% and 7.1%. The accuracy and precision of the method is in accordance with the requirements of residue analysis methods. Dissipation dynamic testing of kresoxim-methyl in rice plants indicated a half-life within the range of 1.8–6.0 days, and a rapid dissipation rate was detected. Dietary intake risk assessment showed that the national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of kresoxim-methyl in various Chinese subpopulations was 0.022–0.054 μg/(kg bw·days), and the risk quotient (RQ) was 0.0000055–0.00014%. These findings indicate that the risk for chronic dietary intake of kresoxim-methyl in brown rice is relatively low. The present study provides information and theoretical basis for guiding the scientific use of kresoxim-methyl in rice fields and evaluating its dietary risk in brown rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- MingNa Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Lu Yu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Zhou Tong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Yue Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Mei Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - TongChun Gao
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - JinSheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Hefei), Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei 230031, China.
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In-Tube Ultrasound Assisted Dispersive Solid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Self-Assembly and Solidification of an Alkanol-Based Floating Organic Droplet for Determination of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Chrysanthemum. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Vortex-assisted matrix solid–liquid dispersive microextraction for the analysis of triazole fungicides in cotton seed and honeysuckle by gas chromatography. Food Chem 2016; 196:867-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Campillo N, Iniesta MJ, Viñas P, Hernández-Córdoba M. Assessment of strobilurin fungicides' content in soya-based drinks by liquid micro-extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32:2039-47. [PMID: 26414154 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1096966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Seven strobilurin fungicides were pre-concentrated from soya-based drinks using dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) with a prior protein precipitation step in acid medium. The enriched phase was analysed by liquid chromatography (LC) with dual detection, using diode array detection (DAD) and electrospray-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS/MS). After selecting 1-undecanol and methanol as the extractant and disperser solvents, respectively, for DLLME, the Taguchi experimental method, an orthogonal array design, was applied to select the optimal solvent volumes and salt concentration in the aqueous phase. The matrix effect was evaluated and quantification was carried out using external aqueous calibration for DAD and matrix-matched calibration method for MS/MS. Detection limits in the 4-130 and 0.8-4.5 ng g(-1) ranges were obtained for DAD and MS/MS, respectively. The DLLME-LC-DAD-MS method was applied to the analysis of 10 different samples, none of which was found to contain residues of the studied fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Campillo
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - María Jesús Iniesta
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
| | - Manuel Hernández-Córdoba
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia , Murcia , Spain
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Pose-Juan E, Herrero-Hernández E, Álvarez-Martín A, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Rodríguez-Cruz MS. Development of a procedure for the multiresidue analysis of pesticides in vineyard soils and its application to real samples. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2215-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pose-Juan
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
| | - Eliseo Herrero-Hernández
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
| | - Alba Álvarez-Martín
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
| | - María J. Sánchez-Martín
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
| | - M. Sonia Rodríguez-Cruz
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC); Cordel de Merinas Salamanca Spain
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13
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Dong S, Huang G, Lu J, Huang T. Determination of fungicides in sediments using a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction procedure based on solidification of floating organic drop. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:1337-42. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheying Dong
- College of Sciences; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi-an China
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an China
| | - Guiqi Huang
- College of Sciences; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi-an China
| | - Jinsuo Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an China
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering; Xi-an University of Architecture and Technology; Xi'an China
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