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Zhang Y, Zhao H, Sun S, Lu L, Xue X, Su S, Gong P, Zheng W, Wang M, Wang J, Zhu J, Liu Y, Zhang F. Efficient optimization and development of two methods for the determination of acrylamide in deep-frying oil by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: Application of multifactor analysis assessment strategy. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200631. [PMID: 36427354 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new multifactor analysis assessment strategy was developed for evaluating, optimizing, and comparing analytical techniques for acrylamide in frying oils. Based on five indices (absolute recovery, absolute matrix effect, the intensity of the full ion scan, and the precursor ion scan to m/z 184 and m/z 241), the proposed strategy was performed with radar analysis, relative contribution analysis, and the entropy-weighted technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution analysis. Two novel methods based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction methodology and gel permeation chromatography-liquid-liquid extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry have been developed for the analysis of acrylamide in frying oils. Two methods were suitable for rapid and sensitive analysis of acrylamide in oils in different laboratories, with a limit of quantitation at 2 μg/kg, and the average recovery ranging from 92.5% to 107.8%, with relative standard deviations below 10%. When considering automation efficiency and matrix effects, gel permeation chromatography is the most efficient method, whereas the other method has an advantage when analyzing large samples. The developed methods were used in a pilot study to analyze frying oils with acrylamide content below 9.82 μg/kg, showing that the repeated frying process did not produce significant content of acrylamide in oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Zhang
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Huinan Zhao
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Lanxiang Lu
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Xue
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Shufang Su
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Pixue Gong
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Zheng
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Mingdong Wang
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Liu
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Quality Control of Food for Special Medical Purposes, Key Laboratory of Supervising Technology for Meat and Meat Products for State Market Regulation, Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Safety Inspection of Food and Drug, Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Food Safety, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, P. R. China
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O'Callaghan TF, O'Donovan M, Murphy JP, Sugrue K, Tobin JT, McNamara AE, Yin X, Sundaramoorthy G, Brennan L. The bovine colostrum and milk metabolome at the onset of lactation as determined by 1H-NMR. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Gill BD, Indyk HE, Kobayashi T, McGrail IJ, Woollard DC. Comparison of LC-MS/MS and Enzymatic Methods for the Determination of Total Choline and Total Carnitine in Infant Formula and Milk Products. J AOAC Int 2020; 103:1293-1300. [PMID: 33241401 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choline and l-carnitine are classified as pseudo-vitamins because of their conditionally essential status. As they are involved in multiple physiological metabolic pathways in the human body, they are routinely fortified in infant and adult nutritional formulas. OBJECTIVE The performance of an LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of choline and carnitine, compared with enzymatic methods in routine use for the analysis of total carnitine and total choline, is described. METHOD Powder samples were reconstituted, with release of carnitine and choline facilitated by both acid and alkaline hydrolysis and the extract analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Quantitation was by internal standard technique using deuterium-labeled carnitine and deuterium-labeled choline. RESULTS Method range, specificity, sensitivity, precision, recovery, accuracy, and ruggedness were assessed for milk powders, infant formulas, and soy- and milk-based nutritional products. Spike recoveries of 94.0-108.4% were obtained for both total carnitine and choline, and no statistical bias (α = 0.05) between measured results and certified values (choline: P = 0.36; free carnitine: P = 0.67) was found for NIST 1849a certified reference material (NIST1849a). Precision, as repeatability relative standard deviation (RSD), was 2.0% RSDr for total carnitine and 1.7% RSDr for total choline. Equivalent results for total choline and total carnitine were obtained by LC-MS/MS and enzymatic methods (n = 30). CONCLUSIONS The described LC-MS/MS method is fit for purpose for routine product compliance release testing environments. This validation study has confirmed that alternative enzymatic assays can be used with confidence in laboratories in which LC-MS/MS platforms are unavailable. HIGHLIGHTS An LC-MS/MS method was evaluated and found to be fit-for-purpose for routine product compliance release testing of infant formula. The LC-MS/MS method was compared with enzymatic methods for the analysis of total carnitine and total choline. Alternative enzymatic assays can be used with confidence in laboratories in which LC-MS/MS platforms are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendon D Gill
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
| | - Harvey E Indyk
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
| | - Tadashi Kobayashi
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
| | - Iain J McGrail
- Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, P.O. Box 7, Waitoa 3380, New Zealand
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