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El Baakili A, Fadil M, Es-Safi NE. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction for phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Moroccan Retama sphaerocarpa L. leaves: Simultaneous optimization by response surface methodology and characterization by HPLC/ESI-MS analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17168. [PMID: 37342583 PMCID: PMC10277595 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of Moroccan Retama sphaerocarpa extracts using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design has been conducted to investigate the effects of three factors: extraction period (X1), solvent concentration (X2), and solvent-to-material ratio (X3) on extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. The obtained results showed that the experimental values agreed with the predicted ones, confirming the capacity of the used model for optimizing the extraction conditions. The best extraction conditions for the simultaneous optimization were an extraction time of 38 min, a solvent concentration of 58%, and a solvent-to-material ratio of 30 mL/g. Under these conditions, the optimized values of yield, TPC, TFC, and DPPH-radical scavenging activity (DPPHIC50) were 18.91%, 154.09 mg GAE/g, 23.76 mg QE/g, and 122.47 μg/mL, respectively. The further HPLC/ESI-MS analysis of the obtained optimized extract revealed the presence of 14 phenolic compounds with piscidic acid, vitexin, and quinic acid as major compounds. These research findings indicate promising applications for efficiently extracting polyphenolic antioxidants, especially in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafaf El Baakili
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouhcine Fadil
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, P.O. Box 2202, Road of Imouzzer, Fez, Morocco
| | - Nour Eddine Es-Safi
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
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Pang QQ, Li T, Liu LX, Shi DF, Yao XS, Li HB, Yu Y. Systematically identifying the anti-inflammatory constituents of Cimicifuga dahurica by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS combined with network pharmacology analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5177. [PMID: 33998678 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim, which is also regarded as the main origin of "Shengma" in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, has been used as a cooling and detoxification agent for thousands of years. Our previous phytochemical investigations of C. dahurica extracts (CDEs) led to the isolation of a series of 9,19-cycloalkane triterpenoids and phenolic acids showing a potential anti-inflammatory activity. However, the chemical profiling of CDEs and the material basis of its anti-inflammatory effect in vivo has not been clarified. In the present study, the CDE chemical profile and prototype components in rat plasma were identified via ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As a result, a total of 106 components were identified or tentatively characterized in CDEs, including 54 triterpenoids, 35 phenolic acids, eight amides and nine other type constituents (39 compounds were confirmed with the reference standards). In addition, 20 prototype components (15 triterpenoids and five phenolic acids) were identified in rat plasma, which potentially related to the anti-inflammatory effects of CDEs. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activities of the main prototype components were further evaluated by their inhibitory effects on the production of NO, as well as the expressions of iNOS and COX-2 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which indicated that 9,19-cycloalkane triterpenoids may play an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the expression of iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Pang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Xian Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Feng Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. and State Key Laboratory of New-tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang S, Xu J, Wang C, Li J, Wang Q, Kuang H, Yang B, Chen R, Luo Z. Paeoniae radix alba polysaccharides obtained via optimized extraction treat experimental autoimmune hepatitis effectively. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1554-1564. [PMID: 32735927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The extraction process of Paeoniae radix alba polysaccharides (PRAP) was optimized as the liquid-solid ratio of 10.65 mL/g, the extraction time of 2.10 h, and the 2 extraction repetitions through a response surface methodology. The chemical profiles of the obtained PRAP were characterized by measuring the contents of total carbohydrates, total phenolics, uronic acid and protein, and by analyzing the FT-IR spectrum and monosaccharide composition. To determine the therapeutic effects of PRAP on experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH), we established an EAH mice model. After treated with PRAP, liver and spleen injuries were reduced, and hepatocyte regeneration and liver function were improved. Further study of the mechanism by which PRAP treats EAH showed that PRAP significantly inhibited oxidative stress in the livers of EAH model mice. More importantly, PRAP inhibited immune inflammatory reactions in EAH model mice, including the hepatic infiltration of inflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as overexpression of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiazhi Xu
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changfu Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jianchun Li
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, XiangFang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, XiangFang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Rongying Chen
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Wu Y, Xu Y, Yang A, Shen S, Mi D, Cao Y, Hua Z, Min L, Li W. Comparative in vivo pharmacokinetics study of affeic acid, isoferulic acid and ferulic acid in crude and three different prepared Cimicifuga foetida L. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4868. [PMID: 32335934 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Our study investigated the differences in pharmacokinetics of three major components of crude Cimicifuga foetida L. and its fried product and honey- and liquor-prepared products. A rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry approach was established for determing caffeic acid, isoferulic acid and ferulic acid in rat plasma. The approach has good linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery and stability. Phenolic acid was rapidly absorbed. The times to peak concentration were shorter in the processed group than those for the crude product, with their values of <30 min. The peak concentration values of caffeic acid and isoferulic acid were higher in the crude group than in the processed groups (p < 0.05). Area under the curve values of the three phenolics in the crude group were significantly higher than those of the processed groups (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital to Nanjing, University of Chinese Medicine, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Shuijie Shen
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital to Nanjing, University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Daguo Mi
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital to Nanjing, University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Yongjun Cao
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital to Nanjing, University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Zhengying Hua
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingtian Min
- Nantong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong Hospital to Nanjing, University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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