1
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Song K, Liu D, Wu LF, Wang Z. Multiple kinetic processes of lamellar growth in crystallization of stretched lightly crosslinked polyethylene. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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2
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AlShetwi YA, Bessif B, Sommer M, Reiter G. Illumination of Conjugated Polymers Reduces the Nucleation Probability and Slows Down the Crystal Growth Rate. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaser A. AlShetwi
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- National Centre for Nanotechnology and Semiconductors, Materials Science Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Brahim Bessif
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute for Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Str. der Nationen 62, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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3
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Bessif B, Pfohl T, Reiter G. Self-Seeding Procedure for Obtaining Stacked Block Copolymer Lamellar Crystals in Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111676. [PMID: 34064146 PMCID: PMC8196770 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the formation of self-seeded platelet-like crystals from polystyrene-block-polyethylene oxide (PS-b-PEO) diblock copolymers in toluene as a function of polymer concentration (c), crystallization temperature (TC), and self-seeding temperature (TSS). We showed that the number (N) of platelet-like crystals and their mean lateral size (L) can be controlled through a self-seeding procedure. As (homogeneous) nucleation was circumvented by the self-seeding procedure, N did not depend on TC. N increased linearly with c and decayed exponentially with TSS but was not affected significantly by the time the sample was kept at TSS. The solubility limit of PS-b-PEO in toluene (c*), which was derived from the linear extrapolation of Nc→ 0 and from the total deposited mass of the platelets per area (MCc→0), depended on TC. We have also demonstrated that at low N, stacks consisting of a (large) number (η) of uniquely oriented lamellae can be achieved. At a given TC, L was controlled by N and η as well as by ∆c=c−c∗. Thus, besides being able to predict size and number of platelet-like crystals, the self-seeding procedure also allowed control of the number of stacked lamellae in these crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Bessif
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (B.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Thomas Pfohl
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (B.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Günter Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (B.B.); (T.P.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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4
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Sridhar LN. Multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control of pharmaceutical batch crystallizers. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:2089-2097. [PMID: 33151765 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1847135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A rigorous multiobjective nonlinear model predictive control procedure is implemented in solving problems involving batch crystallizations. This technique does not involve the use of weighting functions and additional restrictive constraints. Three cases are considered. The first is the unseeded batch crystallization involving paracetamol, the second is the seeded batch crystallization concerning potassium nitrate while the third problem deals with a temperature controlled batch crystallizer that involves citric acid anyhydrate. The optimization language pyomo with GAMS interface is used to solve the problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Sridhar
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
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5
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Mulama AA, Roumpos K, Pradipkanti L, Oduor AO, Reiter G. Rheological Properties of Blends of Isotactic Polystyrene–Isotactic Poly( para-methylstyrene) Films Derived from a Comparative Dewetting Study. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Austine A. Mulama
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Konstantinos Roumpos
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - L. Pradipkanti
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Andrew O. Oduor
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, School of Physical and Biological Sciences, Maseno University, 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya
| | - Günter Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut, Fakultät für Mathematik und Physik, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bio-inspired Technologies (FIT), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Reiter
- Physikalisches Institut and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Lv T, Hu C, Li J, Huang S, Wen H, Li H, Chen J, Yu D, de Claville Christiansen J, Jiang S. Thermal dynamics affected formation and dislocation of PDLA morphology. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Chandran S, Baschnagel J, Cangialosi D, Fukao K, Glynos E, Janssen LMC, Müller M, Muthukumar M, Steiner U, Xu J, Napolitano S, Reiter G. Processing Pathways Decide Polymer Properties at the Molecular Level. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jörg Baschnagel
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daniele Cangialosi
- Centro de Física de Materiales CFM (CSIC-UPV/EHU) and Materials Physics Center MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastin, Spain
| | - Koji Fukao
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Emmanouil Glynos
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O.
Box 1385, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Liesbeth M. C. Janssen
- Theory of Polymers and Soft Matter, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ullrich Steiner
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jun Xu
- Advanced Materials Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP223, Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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9
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Majumder S, Poudel P, Zhang H, Xu J, Reiter G. A nucleation mechanism leading to stacking of lamellar crystals in polymer thin films. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Majumder
- Experimental Polymer Physics University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Experimental Polymer Physics University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China
| | - Günter Reiter
- Experimental Polymer Physics University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
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10
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Zhang L, Zhao G, Wang G. Investigation of the influence of pressurized CO 2 on the crystal growth of poly(l-lactic acid) by using an in situ high-pressure optical system. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5714-5727. [PMID: 31265051 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00737g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Since CO2 is a kind of nontoxic, non-flammable and biocompatible fluid, introducing CO2 in the PLLA formation process has been regarded as a green way to the manufacture of biological products or medical supplies. However, it is still a challenge to understand the influence of CO2 on the crystal growth behavior of PLLA. Here, we developed an in situ high-pressure observation system, composed of optics, polarization optics and a small angle laser scattering system, to record the growth process of PLLA crystals in a pressurized CO2 environment. It is found that, at a low temperature (near Tg), low pressure CO2 (0.5 MPa in this work) can still induce the formation of numerous micron-sized spherulites of PLLA. Therefore, the introduction of CO2 can significantly enhance the crystallization ability of PLLA and decrease the crystallization temperature, which is helpful in improving the mechanical properties of PLLA products. We also found that a snowflake-shaped crystal was assembled by rhombic lamellae under pressurized CO2. There is a melt accumulation zone surrounding the growth front of the snowflake-shaped crystal, indicating that the growth front nucleation is limited by the pressurized CO2. This melt accumulation zone is quite different from the melt depletion zone existing ahead of the reported dendritic crystal front. Interestingly, in a high-pressure CO2 environment, a kind of bamboo-like branch is formed in a rhythmic growth mode. The repeating unit of the bamboo-like branch is constructed by an asymmetric terrace crystal originated from screw dislocation in the melt accumulation zone. These results demonstrated that CO2 has a remarkable tunability on the polymer crystal morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China.
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China.
| | - Guilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250061, P. R. China.
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11
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Chandran S, Reiter G. Segmental Rearrangements Relax Stresses in Nonequilibrated Polymer Films. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:646-650. [PMID: 35619518 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We probed the relaxation of preparation-induced residual stresses in nonequilibrated polymer films through dewetting experiments. While we observed fast relaxations at temperatures close to or below the glass transition, at elevated temperatures these relaxation times were orders of magnitude longer than the reptation time. Intriguingly, applying appropriate scaling of preparation conditions allowed us to present all relaxation times, including published data, from various complementary experiments on a single master curve exhibiting an Arrhenius-type behavior. The corresponding activation energy (75 ± 10 kJ/mol) is similar to values obtained for the relaxation of segments in polystyrene. The observed long relaxation times suggest that residual stresses, a consequence of nonequilibrium conformations inherited from preparation, relax via concerted rearrangements of many segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasurender Chandran
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herman Herder Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herman Herder Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
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12
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Das A, El-Tawargy AS, Khechine E, Noack S, Schlaad H, Reiter G, Reiter R. Controlling Nucleation in Quasi-Two-Dimensional Langmuir Poly(l-lactide) Films through Variation of the Rate of Compression. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:6129-6136. [PMID: 30998851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We studied morphological changes in a quasi-two-dimensional Langmuir film of low molar mass poly(l-lactide) upon increasing the surface density, starting from randomly distributed molecules to a homogeneous monolayer of closely packed molecules, followed by nucleation and growth of mesoscopic, three-dimensional clusters from an overcompressed monolayer. The corresponding nucleation density of mesoscopic clusters within the monolayer can be tailored through variation of the rate of compression. For a given surface density and temperature, the nucleation probability was found to increase linearly with the rate of compression, allowing to adjust the density of mesoscopic clusters over nearly 2 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijna Das
- Institute of Physics , University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Ahmed S El-Tawargy
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science , Damietta University , El-Kafrawy Street , Damietta 34517 , Egypt
| | - Emna Khechine
- Institute of Physics , University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Sebastian Noack
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Helmut Schlaad
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Potsdam , Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25 , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics , University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
| | - Renate Reiter
- Institute of Physics , University of Freiburg , Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 , Freiburg 79104 , Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , Freiburg 79110 , Germany
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13
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Majumder S, Busch H, Poudel P, Mecking S, Reiter G. Growth Kinetics of Stacks of Lamellar Polymer Crystals. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Busch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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14
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Wang Y, Jeong H, Chowdhury M, Arnold CB, Priestley RD. Exploiting physical vapor deposition for morphological control in semi‐crystalline polymer films. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
| | - Hyuncheol Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
| | - Mithun Chowdhury
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
| | - Craig B. Arnold
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
| | - Rodney D. Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University Princeton New Jersey
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15
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Poudel P, Majumder S, Chandran S, Zhang H, Reiter G. Formation of Periodically Modulated Polymer Crystals. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, China
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16
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Li Y, Yao Z, Wu L, Wang Z. Nonbirefringent bands in thin films of a copolymer melt: rapid rhythmic crystal growth with an unusual crystal–melt interface. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00134k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic-growth-induced nonbirefringent bands that are comprised of repetitive stacks of discrete flat-on lamellae along the growth directions are reported in a thin film of an asymmetric PCL-b-PEO during isothermal melt crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguo Li
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre for Petrochemical New Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anqing Normal University
- Anqing 246011
- China
| | - Zhilong Yao
- Anhui Collaborative Innovation Centre for Petrochemical New Materials
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Anqing Normal University
- Anqing 246011
- China
| | - Lin Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials
- Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes
- Anqing Normal University
- Anqing 246011
- China
| | - Zongbao Wang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
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17
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Chandran S, Handa R, Kchaou M, Al Akhrass S, Semenov AN, Reiter G. Time Allowed for Equilibration Quantifies the Preparation Induced Nonequilibrium Behavior of Polymer Films. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1296-1300. [PMID: 35650785 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Performance and properties of materials may strongly depend on processing conditions. This is particularly so for polymers, which often have relaxation times much longer than the processing times and therefore may adopt preparation dependent nonequilibrated molecular conformations that potentially cause novel properties. However, so far it was not possible to predictably and quantitatively relate processing steps and resulting properties of polymer films. Here, we demonstrate that the behavior of polymer films, probed through dewetting, can be tuned by controlling preparation pathways, defined through a dimensionless parameter [Formula: see text], which is the appropriate preparation time normalized with the characteristic relaxation time of the polymer. We revealed scaling relations between [Formula: see text] and the amount of preparation-induced residual stresses, the corresponding relaxation time, and the probability of film rupture. Intriguingly, films of the same thickness exhibited hole nucleation densities and subsequent dewetting kinetics differing by up to an order of magnitude, indicating possibilities to adjust the desired properties of polymer films by preparing them in appropriate ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasurender Chandran
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herman Herder Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Rishab Handa
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herman Herder Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Marwa Kchaou
- Ingénierie
des Matériaux Polyméres IMP - UMR CNRS 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex 69622, France
| | - Samer Al Akhrass
- Ingénierie
des Matériaux Polyméres IMP - UMR CNRS 5223, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Cedex 69622, France
| | - Alexander N Semenov
- Institut Charles
Sadron CNRS, UPR 22, rue du Loess - BP 84047, F-67034, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Herman Herder Str. 3, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg
Center of Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg
Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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