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Shin J, Saha B, Chung H, Jang Y. Architecting Multicompartmentalized, Giant Vesicles with Recombinant Fusion Proteins. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:6127-6134. [PMID: 39105695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
We present a straightforward strategy for constructing giant, multicompartmentalized vesicles using recombinant fusion proteins. Our method leverages the self-assembly of globule-zipper-elastin-like polypeptide fusion protein complexes in aqueous conditions, eliminating the need for organic solvents and chemical conjugation. By employing the thin-film rehydration method, we have successfully encapsulated a diverse range of bioactive macromolecules and engineered organelle-like compartments─ranging from soluble proteins and coacervate droplets to vesicles─within these protein-assembled giant vesicles. This approach also facilitates the integration of water-soluble block copolymers, enhancing the structural stability and functional versatility of the vesicles. Our results suggest that these multicompartment giant protein vesicles not only mimic the complex architecture of living cells but also support biochemically distinct reactions regulated by functionally folded proteins, providing a robust model for studying cellular processes and designing microreactor systems. This work highlights the transformative potential of self-assembling recombinant fusion proteins in artificial cell design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyong Shin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, 1006 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Hoyong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Yeongseon Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, 1006 Center Drive, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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2
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Jang TM, Han WB, Han S, Dutta A, Lim JH, Kim T, Lim BH, Ko GJ, Shin JW, Kaveti R, Kang H, Eom CH, Choi SJ, Bandodkar AJ, Lee KS, Park E, Cheng H, Yeo WH, Hwang SW. Stretchable and biodegradable self-healing conductors for multifunctional electronics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp9818. [PMID: 39231226 PMCID: PMC11373598 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
As the regenerative mechanisms of biological organisms, self-healing provides useful functions for soft electronics or associated systems. However, there have been few examples of soft electronics where all components have self-healing properties while also ensuring compatibility between components to achieve multifunctional and resilient bio-integrated electronics. Here, we introduce a stretchable, biodegradable, self-healing conductor constructed by combination of two layers: (i) synthetic self-healing elastomer and (ii) self-healing conductive composite with additives. Abundant dynamic disulfide and hydrogen bonds of the elastomer and conductive composite enable rapid and complete recovery of electrical conductivity (~1000 siemens per centimeter) and stretchability (~500%) in response to repetitive damages, and chemical interactions of interpenetrated polymer chains of these components facilitate robust adhesion strength, even under extreme mechanical stress. System-level demonstration of soft, self-healing electronics with diagnostic/therapeutic functions for the urinary bladder validates the possibility for versatile, practical uses in biomedical research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Min Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bae Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Seungkeun Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ankan Dutta
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jun Hyeon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyung Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hee Lim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwan-Jin Ko
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Woong Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajaram Kaveti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Heeseok Kang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hwi Eom
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - So Jeong Choi
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Amay J Bandodkar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Kyu-Sung Lee
- Department of Medical Device Management and Research, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunkyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Materials, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Keil L, Qoura FM, Breitsameter JM, Rieger B, Garbe D, Brück TB. Evaluation of Chemical and Physical Triggers for Enhanced Photosynthetic Glycerol Production in Different Dunaliella Isolates. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1318. [PMID: 39065087 PMCID: PMC11278730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The salt-tolerant marine microalgae Dunaliella tertiolecta is reported to generate significant amounts of intracellular glycerol as an osmoprotectant under high salt conditions. This study highlights the phylogenetic distribution and comparative glycerol biosynthesis of seven new Dunaliella isolates compared to a D. tertiolecta reference strain. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that all Dunaliella isolates are newly discovered and do not relate to the D. tertiolecta reference. Several studies have identified light color and intensity and salt concentration alone as the most inducing factors impacting glycerol productivity. This study aims to optimize glycerol production by investigating these described factors singularly and in combination to improve the glycerol product titer. Glycerol production data indicate that cultivation with white light of an intensity between 500 and 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 as opposed to 100 μmol m-2 s-1 achieves higher biomass and thereby higher glycerol titers for all our tested Dunaliella strains. Moreover, applying higher light intensity in a cultivation of 1.5 M NaCl and an increase to 3 M NaCl resulted in hyperosmotic stress conditions, providing the highest glycerol titer. Under these optimal light intensity and salt conditions, the glycerol titer of D. tertiolecta could be doubled to 0.79 mg mL-1 in comparison to 100 μmol m-2 s-1 and salt stress to 2 M NaCl, and was higher compared to singularly optimized conditions. Furthermore, under the same conditions, glycerol extracts from new Dunaliella isolates did provide up to 0.94 mg mL-1. This highly pure algae-glycerol obtained under optimal production conditions can find widespread applications, e.g., in the pharmaceutical industry or the production of sustainable carbon fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Keil
- Werner Siemens Laboratory of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM-School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Farah Mitry Qoura
- Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany;
| | - Jonas Martin Breitsameter
- Wacker-Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry, TUM-School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (J.M.B.); (B.R.)
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry, TUM-School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany; (J.M.B.); (B.R.)
| | - Daniel Garbe
- Werner Siemens Laboratory of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM-School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany;
| | - Thomas Bartholomäus Brück
- Werner Siemens Laboratory of Synthetic Biotechnology, TUM-School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany;
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Luo Y, Yu B, Yu H, Li KH. GaN integrated optical devices for glycerol viscosity measurement. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2261-2264. [PMID: 38691694 DOI: 10.1364/ol.518090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
This Letter presents the fabrication and characterization of a chip-scale GaN optical device for measuring glycerol viscosity. The monolithically integrated GaN chip with a size of 1 × 1 mm2 comprises a light-emitting diode (LED) and a photodiode (PD) on a transparent sapphire substrate. The glycerol droplet applied to the device acts as a medium for coupling light from the LED to the PD. When a mechanical impulse is applied, the droplet undergoes a damped vibration that depends on its viscosity, causing a change in its shape and altering the path of light propagation. The viscosity of the glycerol sample can be determined by obtaining the rate of attenuation of the measured photocurrent signals. The proposed unit offers a fast time response in microseconds and requires only a small sample volume of 5 µl. The developed device is highly suitable for the practical measurement of glycerol viscosity due to its miniaturization, low cost, and ease of operation without the need for external optical components.
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Mahvi DA, Korunes-Miller J, Bordeianu C, Chu NQ, Geller AD, Sabatelle R, Berry S, Hung YP, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW, Raut CP. High dose, dual-release polymeric films for extended surgical bed paclitaxel delivery. J Control Release 2023; 363:682-691. [PMID: 37776906 PMCID: PMC10990290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
While surgery represents a major therapy for most solid organ cancers, local recurrence is clinically problematic for cancers such as sarcoma for which adjuvant radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy provide minimal local control or survival benefit and are dose-limited due to off-target side effects. We describe an implantable, biodegradable poly(1,2-glycerol carbonate) and poly(caprolactone) film with entrapped and covalently-bound paclitaxel enabling safe, controlled, and extended local delivery of paclitaxel achieving concentrations 10,000× tissue levels compared to systemic administration. Films containing entrapped and covalently-bound paclitaxel implanted in the tumor bed, immediately after resection of human cell line-derived chondrosarcoma and patient-derived xenograft liposarcoma and leiomyosarcoma in mice, improve median 90- or 200-day recurrence-free and overall survival compared to control mice. Furthermore, mice in the experimental film arm show no film-related morbidity. Continuous, extended, high-dose paclitaxel delivery via this unique polymer platform safely improves outcomes in three different sarcoma models and provides a rationale for future incorporation into human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Mahvi
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Jenny Korunes-Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Catalina Bordeianu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Ngoc-Quynh Chu
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Abraham D Geller
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Robbie Sabatelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Samantha Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Yin P Hung
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
| | - Chandrajit P Raut
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America; Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America.
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6
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Kolankowski K, Rżewska J, Ruśkowski P, Gadomska-Gajadhur A. Optimization of the Poly(glycerol citraconate) Synthesis Using the Box-Behnken Design. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20352-20359. [PMID: 37323387 PMCID: PMC10268020 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to obtain poly(glycerol citraconate) (PGCitrn) for biomedical applications, analyze the obtained polyester by spectroscopic methods, and optimize its preparation. Polycondensation reactions of glycerol and citraconic anhydride were carried out. It was provided that the results in the reaction are oligomers of poly(glycerol citraconate). Optimization studies were carried out based on the Box-Behnken design. The input variables in this plan were the ratio of functional groups, temperature, and time and occurrence in coded form: -1, 0, or 1. Three output variables were optimized: the degree of esterification, the percentage of Z-mers, and the degree of carboxyl group conversion; they were determined by titration and spectroscopic methods. The optimization criterion was to maximize the values of output variables. A mathematical model and an equation describing it were determined for each output variable. The models predicted the experimental results well. An experiment was conducted under determined optimal conditions. The experimental results were very close to the calculated values. Poly(glycerol citraconate) oligomers with an esterification degree of 55.2%, a Z-mer content of 79.0%, and a degree of rearrangement of carboxyl groups of 88.6% were obtained. The obtained PGCitrn can serve as a component of an injectable implant. The obtained material can be used to produce nonwoven fabrics (with the addition of PLLA, for example), which can be subjected to a cytotoxicity test which can then serve as a dressing material.
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Sheet AH, Hamdy O, Abdel-Harith M. Scattering and absorption properties modification of optically cleared skeletal muscles: an ex vivo study. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:1042-1050. [PMID: 37706757 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.486496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical clearing is a relatively new approach to enhancing the optical transparency of biological tissues by reducing their scattering properties. The optical clearing effect is achievable via various chemical, physical, and photo-thermal techniques. The present work studied optical parameters of bovine skeletal muscles under different clearing protocols: immersion optical clearing in 99% glycerol and photo-thermal optical clearing via exposure to IR laser irradiation. Moreover, the two techniques were combined with different immersion time intervals after multiple exposure periods to get optimum results. The muscle samples' diffuse reflectance and total transmittance were measured using a single integrating sphere and introduced to the Kubleka-Munk mathematical model to determine the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients. Results revealed a 6% scattering reduction after irradiating the sample for 10 min and immersing it in glycerol for 18 min and 8% after 20 min of laser irradiation and 18 min of immersion. Moreover, increases of 6.5% and 7.5% in penetration depth were prominent for the total treatment times of 28 min and 38 min, respectively. Furthermore, the measurements' accuracy and sensitivity were analyzed and evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic method. The accuracy ranged from 0.93 to 0.98, with sensitivity from 0.93 to 0.99 for each clearing protocol. Although laser irradiation and application of 99% glycerol separately produced scattering light reduction, the maximal clearing effect was obtained while irradiating the sample with a laser for 20 min and then immersing it in 99% glycerol for a maximum of 18 min.
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Poly(Glycerol) Microparticles as Drug Delivery Vehicle for Biomedical Use. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020384. [PMID: 36839706 PMCID: PMC9964732 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycerol (Gly) is a well-known, FDA-approved molecule posing three hydroxyl groups. Since Gly is biocompatible, here, it was aimed to prepare poly(Glycerol) (p(Gly)) particles directly for the first time for the delivery of therapeutic agents. Micrometer-sized particles of p(Gly) were successfully synthesized via the micro-emulsion method with an average size of 14.5 ± 5.6 µm. P(Gly) microparticles up to 1.0 g/mL concentrations were found biocompatible with 85 ± 1% cell viability against L929 fibroblasts. Moreover, p(Gly) microparticles were tested for hemocompatibility, and it was found that up to 1.0 mg/mL concentrations the particles were non-hemolytic with 0.4 ± 0.1% hemolysis ratios. In addition, the blood compatibility index values of the prepared p(Gly) particles were found as 95 ± 2%, indicating that these microparticles are both bio- and hemocompatible. Furthermore, Quercetin (QC) flavonoid, which possessed high antioxidant properties, was loaded into p(Gly) microparticles to demonstrate drug-carrying properties of the particles with improved bioavailability, non-toxicity, and high biocompatibility. The results of this study evidently revealed that p(Gly) particles can be directly prepared from a cost-effective and easily accessible glycerol molecule and the prepared particles exhibited good biocompatibility, hemocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Therefore, p(Gly) particles were found as promising vehicles for drug delivery systems in terms of their higher loading and release capability as well as for sustained long term release profiles.
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Bouyahya C, Bikiaris ND, Zamboulis A, Kyritsis A, Majdoub M, Klonos PA. Crystallization and molecular mobility in renewable semicrystalline copolymers based on polycaprolactone and polyisosorbide. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:9216-9230. [PMID: 36426754 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01198k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel block copolymers based on two biodegradable polymers, poly(ε-caprolactone), PCL, and poly(isosorbide), PIS, with PIS fractions 5, 10, and 25 wt%, are studied herein. The aim is to assess the effects of the amorphous PIS phase on the properties of the semicrystalline PCL (majority), in addition to the synthesis strategy. The latter involved the polymerization of caprolactone onto initial PIS of low molar mass, resulting, thus, in gradually shorter PCL blocks when the starting amount of PIS is increased. The structure-property relationship investigation, with an emphasis on molecular mobility and crystallization, involves the following sum of complementary techniques: differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The molecular mobility map for these PCL/PIS and initial PIS is drawn here for the first time. Despite the high glass transition temperature of PIS (Tg ∼ 51 °C) compared to that of PCL (-66 °C), the Tg of the copolymers barely changes, as it is mainly ruled by crystallinity. The latter seems to be facilitated in the copolymers, in both the amount and the rate. The local molecular mobility of PCL and PCL/PIS consists of faster γPCL relaxation which is unaffected in the copolymers, whereas the slower βPCL process arising from the backbone ester group rotation exhibits a systematic deceleration in the presence of PIS. A connection between such local motions and the corresponding segmental α relaxation, observed previously in other polyesters, is also found to be true here. Apart from that, the dielectric Tg as well as the cooperativity of the polymer chains drop moderately, which indicates spatial confinement between the PCL crystals, whereas correlations with the looser lamellar chain packing within the spherulites are gained. The relaxations of initial PIS, i.e., γPIS, βPIS and αPIS, could not be resolved within the copolymers. Along with other properties, such as ionic conductivity, we conclude to the homogeneity of our systems, with sufficient PCL/PIS distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaima Bouyahya
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Nikolaos D Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Mustapha Majdoub
- Laboratoire des Interfaces et Matériaux Avancés, Université de Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Panagiotis A Klonos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
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Anderlini B, Ughetti A, Cristoni E, Forti L, Rigamonti L, Roncaglia F. Upgrading of Biobased Glycerol to Glycerol Carbonate as a Tool to Reduce the CO 2 Emissions of the Biodiesel Fuel Life Cycle. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120778. [PMID: 36550984 PMCID: PMC9774724 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With regards to oil-based diesel fuel, the adoption of bio-derived diesel fuel was estimated to reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 75%, considering the whole life cycle. In this paper, we present a novel continuous-flow process able to transfer an equimolar amount of CO2 (through urea) to glycerol, producing glycerol carbonate. This represents a convenient tool, able to both improve the efficiency of the biodiesel production through the conversion of waste streams into added-value chemicals and to beneficially contribute to the whole carbon cycle. By means of a Design of Experiments approach, the influence of key operating variables on the product yield was studied and statistically modeled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Anderlini
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Alberto Ughetti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Emma Cristoni
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Forti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Rigamonti
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre H2-MORE, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41121 Modena, Italy
- INSTM Research Unit of Modena, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Roncaglia
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre H2-MORE, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Università 4, 41121 Modena, Italy
- INSTM Research Unit of Modena, Via G. Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Correspondence:
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11
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Facile Fabrication of a Bio-Inspired Leaf Vein-Based Ultra-Sensitive Humidity Sensor with a Hygroscopic Polymer. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225030. [PMID: 36433157 PMCID: PMC9695871 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bio-inspired materials have received significant interest in the development of flexible electronics due to their natural grid structures, especially natural leaf vein networks. In this work, a bio-inspired leaf vein-based flexible humidity sensor is demonstrated. The proposed sensor is composed of a leaf/Al/glycerin/Ag paste. The Al-deposited leaf vein networks are used as a bottom electrode with a resistance of around 100 Ω. The humidity sensor responds well to relative humidity (RH) levels ranging from 15% to 70% at room temperature. The fabricated humidity sensor exhibits an ultra-sensitive response to different humidity conditions due to the biodegradable insulating hygroscopic polymer (glycerin), specifically the ionic conductivity reaction. To further verify the presence of ionic conduction, the device performance is tested by doping NaCl salt into the hygroscopic polymer sensing layer. In addition, both the repeatability and flexibility of the sensor are tested under different bending angles (0°, 90°, 180°, and 360°). The bioinspired ultrasensitive humidity sensor with a biocompatible and biodegradable sensing layer holds great potential, especially for health care applications (e.g., respiratory monitoring) without causing any body harm.
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12
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Poly(Glycerol Succinate) as Coating Material for 1393 Bioactive Glass Porous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225028. [PMID: 36433155 PMCID: PMC9697483 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aliphatic polyesters are widely used for biomedical, pharmaceutical and environmental applications due to their high biodegradability and cost-effective production. Recently, star and hyperbranched polyesters based on glycerol and ω-carboxy fatty diacids have gained considerable interest. Succinic acid and bio-based diacids similar to glycerol are regarded as safe materials according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Bioactive glass scaffolds utilized in bone tissue engineering are relatively brittle materials. However, their mechanical properties can be improved by using polymer coatings that can further control their degradation rate, tailor their biocompatibility and enhance their performance. The purpose of this study is to explore a new biopolyester poly(glycerol succinate) (PGSuc) reinforced with mesoporous bioactive nanoparticles (MSNs) as a novel coating material to produce hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. METHODS Bioactive glass scaffolds were coated with neat PGSuc, PGSuc loaded with dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DexSP) and PGSuc loaded with DexSP-laden MSNs. The physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of the scaffolds were also evaluated. RESULTS Preliminary data are provided showing that polymer coatings with and without MSNs improved the physicochemical properties of the 1393 bioactive glass scaffolds and increased the ALP activity and alizarin red staining, suggesting osteogenic differentiation potential when cultured with adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. CONCLUSIONS PGSuc with incorporated MSNs coated onto 1393 bioactive glass scaffolds could be promising candidates in bone tissue engineering applications.
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Dhami I, Thadke SA, Ly DH. Development of the Right- and Left-Handed Gamma Peptide Nucleic Acid Building Blocks for On-Resin Chemical Functionalization. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13873-13881. [PMID: 36190146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Gamma peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are a promising class of nucleic acid mimics that adopt either a right- or left-handed helical motif as individual strands and hybridize to DNA or RNA with high affinity and sequence specificity, or not at all, depending on the helical sense. They are attractive as antisense and antigene reagents, as well as building blocks for molecular self-assembly; however, they have not been widely adopted due to their relatively poor biophysical attributes and the challenge in chemical modifications. Here, we report the development of a set of universal monomers, four each for both the right- and left-handed conformers, that permit rapid and selective on-resin chemical functionalization and diversification. The system is modular, permitting incorporation of different chemical groups in the backbone without causing adverse effects on hybridization. The approach overcomes the need to prepare a new set of monomers each time a different chemical group is introduced in the backbone. The newly added synthetic flexibility, along with superior hybridization property, recognition orthogonality, and helical sense translational capability, significantly expands the scope of gamma PNA in biology, biotechnology, and molecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Dhami
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Bimolecular Design and Discovery (IBD), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shivaji A Thadke
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Bimolecular Design and Discovery (IBD), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Danith H Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Bimolecular Design and Discovery (IBD), Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Assessment of the Influence of the Selected Range of Visible Light Radiation on the Durability of the Gel with Ascorbic Acid and Its Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158759. [PMID: 35955889 PMCID: PMC9369315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Depending on the type of hydrophilic polymer used, different types of hydrogels may be chemically stable or may degrade and eventually disintegrate, or dissolve upon exposure to sunlight. Many over-the-counter medications are now stored with a limited control of temperature, humidity and lighting. Therefore, in this study, the photostability of a gel made of cross-linked polyacrylic acid (PA), methylcellulose (MC) and aristoflex (AV) was assessed, and the interaction between the polymers used and ascorbic acid and its ethylated derivative was investigated. (2) Methods: The samples were continuously irradiated at constant temperature for six hours. The stability of the substance incorporated into the gels was assessed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. FTIR-ATR infrared spectroscopy was used to measure changes during the exposure. (3) Results: Ascorbic acid completely decomposed between the first and second hours of illumination in all samples. The exception is the preparation based on polyacrylic acid with glycerol, in which the decomposition of ascorbic acid slowed down significantly. After six hours of irradiation, the ethylated ascorbic acid derivative decomposed in about 5% for the polyacrylic acid-based gels and aristoflex, and in the methylcellulose gel it decomposed to about 2%. In the case of ascorbic acid, the most stable formulation was a gel based on polyacrylic acid and polyacrylic acid with glycerol, and in the case of the ethyl derivative, a gel based on methylcellulose. (4) Conclusions: The experiment showed significant differences in the decomposition rate of both compounds, resulting from their photostability and the polymer used in the hydrogel.
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Kashima R, Kajita A, Kubo T, Kamigaito M, Satoh K. Hydrophilic bio-based polymers by radical copolymerization of cyclic vinyl ethers derived from glycerol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8766-8769. [PMID: 35861259 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02651a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, novel functional polymers were obtained by using glycerol as a bio-based precursor, which is abundant and inexpensive renewable feedstock with a polyol skeleton. Cyclic vinyl ethers with acetal linkage were derived from glycerol to yield well-defined copolymers by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical copolymerization with common vinyl monomers. The resulting acetal-containing copolymers could be hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to afford water-soluble functional polymers with pendent diols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Kashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Akito Kajita
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kubo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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16
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Kolankowski K, Miętus M, Ruśkowski P, Gadomska-Gajadhur A. Optimisation of Glycerol and Itaconic Anhydride Polycondensation. Molecules 2022; 27:4627. [PMID: 35889505 PMCID: PMC9324205 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol polyesters have recently become objects of interest in tissue engineering. Barely known so far is poly(glycerol itaconate) (PGItc), a biocompatible, biodegradable polyester. Due to the presence of a C=C electron-acceptor moiety, it is possible to post-modify the product by Michael additions to change the properties of PGItc. Thus, using PGItc as one of the elements of cellular scaffold crosslinked in situ for bone tissue regeneration seems to be a very attractive yet unexplored solution. This work aims to optimize the synthesis of PGItc to obtain derivatives with a double bond in the side chain with the highest conversion rates. The experiments were performed with itaconic anhydride and glycerol using mathematical planning of experiments according to the Box-Behnken plan without solvent and catalyst. The input variables of the process were the ratio of the OH/COOH, temperature, and reaction time. The optimised output variables were: the degree of esterification (EDtitr), the degree of esterification calculated from the analysis of 1H NMR spectra (EDNMR), and the degree of itaconic anhydride conversion-calculation based on 13C NMR spectra (%X13CNMR). In each of statistical models, the significance of the changed synthesis parameters was determined. Optimal conditions are when OH/COOH ratio is equal to 1.5, temperature is 140 °C and time of reaction is 5 h. The higher OH/COOH ratio, temperature and longer the experiment time, the higher the value of the degree of esterification and the degree of anhydride conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Street, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.M.); (P.R.)
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17
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18
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Chandra MA, Kuncahyo I, Indrayati A. Optimization of Quercetin Gel Formulation using Factorial Design Method and Antibacterial Test against Propionibacterium acnes. BORNEO JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.33084/bjop.v5i2.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid from a group of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds. Quercetin can be used as an alternative to acne treatment, predominantly triggered by Propionibacterium acnes. This study aimed to determine the effect and proportion of carbopol 940, propylene glycol, and glycerin on the physical quality of quercetin gel, the ability of the optimum formula in an antibacterial test, and its diffusion using Franz diffusion. This study uses the factorial design method for formula optimization. Optimization was carried out with the parameters of the physical quality of the gel tested, including viscosity, dispersibility, antibacterial, and Franz diffusion. The combination of carbopol 940, glycerin, and propylene glycol affected the physical quality test of quercetin gel, carbopol and glycerin significantly affected viscosity. In contrast, glycerin and propylene glycol significantly affected Franz's dispersion, antibacterial, and diffusion properties. The optimum proportion of the combination of carbopol 940, glycerin, and propylene glycol in the manufacture of quercetin gel using the factorial design method obtained a concentration of carbopol 940 of 0.5%, glycerin of 15%, and propylene glycol of 10%. The optimum formula ability in the antibacterial test was 22.20 mm, and the cumulative percent of quercetin penetrated was 97.91%.
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19
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Glycerol-based enzymatically synthesized renewable polyesters: Control of molecular weight, degree of branching and functional endgroups. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Rahman M, Ali A, Sjöholm E, Soindinsalo S, Wilén CE, Bansal KK, Rosenholm JM. Significance of Polymers with “Allyl” Functionality in Biomedicine: An Emerging Class of Functional Polymers. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040798. [PMID: 35456632 PMCID: PMC9025249 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, polymer-based advanced drug delivery and tissue engineering have grown and expanded steadily. At present, most of the polymeric research has focused on improving existing polymers or developing new biomaterials with tunable properties. Polymers with free functional groups offer the diverse characteristics needed for optimal tissue regeneration and controlled drug delivery. Allyl-terminated polymers, characterized by the presence of a double bond, are a unique class of polymers. These polymers allow the insertion of a broad diversity of architectures and functionalities via different chemical reactions. In this review article, we shed light on various synthesis methodologies utilized for generating allyl-terminated polymers, macromonomers, and polymer precursors, as well as their post-synthesis modifications. In addition, the biomedical applications of these polymers reported in the literature, such as targeted and controlled drug delivery, improvement i aqueous solubility and stability of drugs, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial coatings, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mijanur Rahman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Aurum, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Aliaa Ali
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Erica Sjöholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sebastian Soindinsalo
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Carl-Eric Wilén
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Aurum, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland;
| | - Kuldeep Kumar Bansal
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Aurum, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (J.M.R.)
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520 Turku, Finland; (M.R.); (A.A.); (E.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.K.B.); (J.M.R.)
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21
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Liu S, Liu L, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhao J. Selective ring-opening polymerization of glycidyl ester: a versatile synthetic platform for glycerol-based (co)polyethers. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00551d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linear polyglycerol is highly valued for its excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility as well as its multihydroxy nature. We report here a convenient route for controlled synthesis of polyglycerol through ring-opening...
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22
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Petersen A, Chu NQ, Fitzgerald DM, McCaslin EZ, Blessing WA, Colby AH, Colson YL, Grinstaff MW. Sustainable glycerol terpolycarbonates as temporary bioadhesives. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8366-8372. [PMID: 34787119 PMCID: PMC9856206 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of poly(glycidyl acetate-co-glycidyl butyrate carbonate)s via the terpolymerization of glycidyl acetate (GA), glycidyl butyrate (GB), and CO2 by a cobalt salen complex in high atom economy. These new non-cytotoxic polycarbonates are pressure-sensitive adhesives, and peel testing shows the adhesive strength ranges from Scotch-Tape® to hot-melt glues based on glycidyl butyrate content. The tunable adherence, benign degradation products, and facile application and removal suggest their utility as temporary adhesives, such as those used in biomedical applications or medical devices. One polymer, (GA-co-GB)-87, exhibits the proper adhesive strength to sufficiently adhere a collagen buttress to the jaws of a steel surgical stapler and easily release the buttress after firing to successfully cut, close, and implant the buttress into lung tissue in an ex vivo sheep model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjeza Petersen
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Ngoc-Quynh Chu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Danielle M Fitzgerald
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Ethan Z McCaslin
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - William A Blessing
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Aaron H Colby
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Yolonda L Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry, Biomedical Engineering, and Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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23
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Enzymatic synthesis of glycerol, azido-glycerol and azido-triglycerol based amphiphilic copolymers and their relevance as nanocarriers: A review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Piccinino D, Capecchi E, Delfino I, Crucianelli M, Conte N, Avitabile D, Saladino R. Green and Scalable Preparation of Colloidal Suspension of Lignin Nanoparticles and Its Application in Eco-friendly Sunscreen Formulations. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:21444-21456. [PMID: 34471747 PMCID: PMC8387983 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are applied in several industrial applications. The nanoprecipitation of LNPs is fast and inexpensive but currently still limited to the use of hazardous organic solvents, making it difficult to apply them on a large scale. Here, we report a scalable nanoprecipitation procedure for the preparation of colloidal lignin nanoparticles (cLNPs) by the use of the green solvents dimethylisosorbide and isopropylidene glycerol. Irrespective of the experimental conditions, cLNPs showed higher UV absorbing properties and radical scavenging activity than parent LNPs and raw lignin. cLNPs were successively used in the preparation of eco-friendly sunscreen formulations (SPF 15, 30, and 50+, as evaluated by the COLIPA assay), which showed high UV-shielding activity even in the absence of synthetic boosters (microplastics) and physical filters (TiO2 and ZnO). Biological assays on human HaCaT keratinocytes and human skin equivalents demonstrated the absence of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, associated with an optimal protection of the skin from UV-A damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Piccinino
- Department
of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University
of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department
of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University
of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Ines Delfino
- Department
of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University
of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marcello Crucianelli
- Department
of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University
of Aquila, Via Vetoio
I, Coppito, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Nicola Conte
- IDI
Farmaceutici, Via dei castelli Romani 73/75, Pomezia 00071, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Avitabile
- IDI
Farmaceutici, Via dei castelli Romani 73/75, Pomezia 00071, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department
of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University
of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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25
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Five-Membered Cyclic Carbonates: Versatility for Applications in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceutical, and Materials Sciences. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the recent advances involving several applications of five-membered cyclic carbonates and derivatives. With more than 150 references, it covers the period from 2012 to 2020, with special emphasis on the use of five-membered cyclic carbonates as building blocks for organic synthesis and material elaboration. We demonstrate the application of cyclic carbonates in several important chemical transformations, such as decarboxylation, hydrogenation, and transesterification reactions, among others. The presence of cyclic carbonates in molecules with high biological potential is also displayed, together with the importance of these compounds in the preparation of materials such as urethanes, polyurethanes, and flame retardants.
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Amsden B. In Vivo Degradation Mechanisms of Aliphatic Polycarbonates and Functionalized Aliphatic Polycarbonates. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100085. [PMID: 33893715 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic polycarbonates (APCs) have been studied for decades but have not been as utilized as aliphatic polyesters in biomaterial applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. With the recognition that functionalized aliphatic polymers can be readily synthesized, increased attention is being paid to these materials. A frequently provided reason for utilizing these polymers is that they degrade to form diols and carbon dioxide. However, depending on the structure and molecular weight of the APC, degradation may not occur. In this review, the mechanisms by which APCs and functionalized APCs have been found to degrade in vivo are examined with the objective of providing guidance in the continued development of these polymers as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
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27
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Goyal S, Hernández NB, Cochran EW. An update on the future prospects of glycerol polymers. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shailja Goyal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA
| | - Nacú B Hernández
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA
| | - Eric W Cochran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA
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Díaz‐Lasprilla AM, Mercado RA, Ramírez‐Caballero GE. Glycerol polymerization degree effect on the emulsifying properties of polyglycerol esters. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Díaz‐Lasprilla
- Grupo de Investigación en Polímeros, Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander Piedecuesta Colombia
| | - Ronald A. Mercado
- Grupo de Investigación en Fenómenos Interfaciales, Reología y Simulación de Transporte (FIRST), Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander Piedecuesta Colombia
| | - Gustavo E. Ramírez‐Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación en Polímeros, Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander Piedecuesta Colombia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Catálisis (@CICATUIS), Escuela de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander Piedecuesta Colombia
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29
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Gallastegui A, Gabirondo E, Elizalde F, Aranburu N, Mecerreyes D, Sardon H. Chemically recyclable glycerol-biobased polyether thermosets. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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He T, Wang Y, Xu L, Fu X, Narumi A, Sato SI, Shen X, Kakuchi T. Poly[glycidyl oligo(oxyethylene)carbamate]s (PG n-EO mR′ and R-PG n-EO mR′): controlled synthesis and effects of molecular parameters ( n and m), side groups (R′), and end-groups (R) on thermoresponsive properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The organocatalytic ROP and the post-modification reaction produced glycidol-based polymers with a variety of structural characteristics, which changed their shapes over a wide range of desired temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu He
- Research Center for Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Jilin 130022
- China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- Research Center for Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Jilin 130022
- China
| | - Liang Xu
- Research Center for Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Jilin 130022
- China
| | - Xiangming Fu
- Research Center for Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Jilin 130022
- China
| | - Atsushi Narumi
- Graduate School of Organic Materials Science
- Yamagata University
- Yamagata 992-8510
- Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Sato
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Frontier Chemistry Center
- Faculty of Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
| | - Xiande Shen
- Research Center for Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Jilin 130022
- China
| | - Toyoji Kakuchi
- Research Center for Polymer Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Changchun University of Science and Technology
- Jilin 130022
- China
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31
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Palacios S. Non-hormonal approaches for the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy: the choice between hyaluronic acid and glycerin. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:847-848. [PMID: 32873079 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1815698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
In the pursuit of establishing a sustainable biobased economy, valorization of lignocellulosic biomass is increasing its value as a feedstock. Nevertheless, to achieve the integrated biorefinery paradigm, the selective fractionation of its complex matrix to its single constituents must be complete. This review presents and examines the novel catalytic pathways to form furfuryl alcohol (FuOH) from xylose in a one-pot system. This production concept takes on chemical, thermochemical and biochemical transformations or a combination of them. Still, the bulk of the research is targeted to develop heterogeneous catalytic systems to synthesize FuOH from furfural and xylose. The present review includes an overview of the economic aspects to produce this platform chemical in an industrial manner. In the last section of this review, an outlook and summary of catalytic processes to produce FuOH are highlighted.
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Christodoulou E, Klonos PA, Tsachouridis K, Zamboulis A, Kyritsis A, Bikiaris DN. Synthesis, crystallization, and molecular mobility in poly(ε-caprolactone) copolyesters of different architectures for biomedical applications studied by calorimetry and dielectric spectroscopy. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:8187-8201. [PMID: 32789409 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and three copolyesters of different architectures based on three different alcohols, namely a three arm-copolymer based on 1% glycerol (PCL_Gly), a four arm-copolymer based on 1% pentaerythrytol (PCL_PE), and a linear block copolymer based on ∼50% methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL_mPEG), all simultaneously with the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of PCL. Due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity, these systems are envisaged for use in drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Due to the in situ ROP during the copolyesters synthesis, the molecular weight of PCL, Wm initially ∼62 kg mol-1, drops in the copolymers from ∼60k down to ∼5k. For the structure-properties investigation we employed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC and TMDSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy (POM), broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) and isothermal water sorption. DSC revealed that the crystalline fraction of PCL increases whereas the crystallization rate drops in the copolymers in the order PCL ∼ PCL_Gly > PCL_PE ≫ PCL_mPEG, which coincides with that of decreasing Wm. In PCL_mPEG the major amount of PCL (87%) was found to crystallize while the majority of mPEG (92%) was found amorphous exhibiting constrained amorphous mobility and severely slower/weaker crystallization as compared to neat mPEG. Segmental dynamics in BDS, in agreement with DSC, is similar and in general slow for the samples of star-like structure for Wm ≥ 30k arising from PCL, whereas it is severely faster and enhanced in strength for the linear PCL_mPEG (lower Wm) copolymer arising from mPEG. For the latter system, the data provide indications for the formation of complex structures consisting of many small PCL crystallites surrounded by amorphous mPEG segments with constrained dynamics and severely suppressed hydrophilicity. These effects cannot be easily assessed by conventional XRD and POM, confirming the power of the dielectric technique. The overall recordings indicated that the different polymer architecture results in severe changes in the semicrystalline morphology, which demonstrates the potential for tuning the final product performance (permeability, mechanical).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Christodoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis A Klonos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece. and Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Tsachouridis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Alexandra Zamboulis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Kyritsis
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Zografou Campus, 15780, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N Bikiaris
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Abstract
Polyglycerols (PGs) are biocompatible and highly functional polyols with a wide range of applications, such as emulsifiers, stabilizers and antimicrobial agents, in many industries including cosmetics, food, plastic and biomedical. The demand increase for biobased PGs encourages researchers to develop new catalytic systems for glycerol polymerization. This review focuses on alkaline homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The performances of the alkaline catalysts are compared in terms of conversion and selectivity, and their respective advantages and disadvantages are commented. While homogeneous catalysts exhibit a high catalytic activity, they cannot be recycled and reused, whereas solid catalysts can be partially recycled. The key issue for heterogenous catalytic systems, which is unsolved thus far, is linked to their instability due to partial dissolution in the reaction medium. Further, this paper also reviews the proposed mechanisms of glycerol polymerization over alkaline-based catalysts and discusses the various operating conditions with an impact on performance. More particularly, temperature and amount of catalyst are proven to have a significant influence on glycerol conversion and on its polymerization extent.
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Zanoni A, Gardoni G, Sponchioni M, Moscatelli D. Valorisation of glycerol and CO2 to produce biodegradable polymer nanoparticles with a high percentage of bio-based components. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Wang D, Cui J, Gan M, Xue Z, Wang J, Liu P, Hu Y, Pardo Y, Hamada S, Yang D, Luo D. Transformation of Biomass DNA into Biodegradable Materials from Gels to Plastics for Reducing Petrochemical Consumption. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10114-10124. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jinhui Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingzhe Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Micro-Nano Research and Diagnosis Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Yehudah Pardo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Shogo Hamada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Dayong Yang
- Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Mega macromolecules as single molecule lubricants for hard and soft surfaces. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2139. [PMID: 32358489 PMCID: PMC7195476 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A longstanding goal in science and engineering is to mimic the size, structure, and functionality present in biology with synthetic analogs. Today, synthetic globular polymers of several million molecular weight are unknown, and, yet, these structures are expected to exhibit unanticipated properties due to their size, compactness, and low inter-chain interactions. Here we report the gram-scale synthesis of dendritic polymers, mega hyperbranched polyglycerols (mega HPGs), in million daltons. The mega HPGs are highly water soluble, soft, nanometer-scale single polymer particles that exhibit low intrinsic viscosities. Further, the mega HPGs are lubricants acting as interposed single molecule ball bearings to reduce the coefficient of friction between both hard and soft natural surfaces in a size dependent manner. We attribute this result to their globular and single particle nature together with its exceptional hydration. Collectively, these results set the stage for new opportunities in the design, synthesis, and evaluation of mega polymers. Synthetic globular polymers of several million molecular weight are expected to exhibit unique properties but are difficult to synthesize. Here the authors synthesize such dendritic polymers that show unique lubrication properties and act as molecular ball bearings due to their 3D compact structure, size, solubility, hydration and low intrinsic viscosities.
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Ruvalcaba-Cardenas AD, Gomez RAR, Khoshmanesh K, Tovar-Lopez FJ. Magnetic actuation and deformation of a soft shuttle. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2020; 14:034103. [PMID: 32477442 PMCID: PMC7237223 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe the magnetic actuation of soft shuttles for open-top microfluidic applications. The system is comprised of two immiscible liquids, including glycerol as the soft shuttle and a suspension of iron powder in sucrose solution as the magnetic drop. Permanent magnets assembled on 3D printed motorized actuators were used for the actuation of the magnetic drop, enabling the glycerol shuttle to be propelled along customized linear, circular, and sinusoidal paths. The dynamics of the hybrid shuttle-magnetic drop system was governed by the magnetic force, the friction at the interface of the shuttle and the substrate, and the surface tension at the interface of the shuttle and the magnetic drop. Increasing the magnetic force leads to the localized deformation of the shuttle and eventually the full extraction of the magnetic drop. The versatility of the system was demonstrated through the propelling of the shuttle across a rough surface patterned with microfabricated barriers as well as taking advantage of the optical properties of the shuttle for the magnification and translation of microscale characters patterned on a planar surface. The integration of the system with current electrowetting actuation mechanisms enables the highly controlled motion of the magnetic drop on the surface of a moving shuttle. The simplicity, versatility, and controllability of the system provide opportunities for various fluid manipulation, sample preparation, and analysis for a range of chemical, biochemical, and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Daysi Ruvalcaba-Cardenas
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | | | - Khashayar Khoshmanesh
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
| | - Francisco J. Tovar-Lopez
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed:; ; and
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Zhang C, Wen TH, Razak KA, Lin J, Xu C, Seo C, Villafana E, Jimenez H, Liu H. Magnesium-based biodegradable microelectrodes for neural recording. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110614. [PMID: 32204062 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This article reports fabrication, characterization, degradation and electrical properties of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) microwires coated with two functional polymers, and the first in vivo evidence on the feasibility of Mg-based biodegradable microelectrodes for neural recording. Conductive poly(3,4‑ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coating was first electrochemically deposited onto Mg microwire surface, and insulating biodegradable poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) was then spray-coated onto PEDOT surface to improve the overall properties of microelectrode. The assembled PGS/PEDOT-coated Mg microelectrodes showed high homogeneity in coating thickness, surface morphology and composition before and after in vivo recording. The charge storage capacity (CSC) of PGS/PEDOT-coated Mg microwire (1.72 mC/cm2) was nearly 5 times higher than the standard platinum (Pt) microwire widely used in implantable electrodes. The Mg-based microelectrode demonstrated excellent neural-recording capability and stability during in vivo multi-unit neural recordings in the auditory cortex of a mouse. Specifically, the Mg-based electrode showed clear and stable onset response, and excellent signal-to-noise ratio during spontaneous-activity recordings and three repeats of stimulus-evoked recordings at two different anatomical locations in the auditory cortex. During 10 days of immersion in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) in vitro, PGS/PEDOT-coated Mg microelectrodes showed slower degradation and less change in impedance than PEDOT-coated Mg electrodes. The biodegradable PGS coating protected the PEDOT coating from delamination, and prolonged the mechanical integrity and electrical properties of Mg-based microelectrode. Mg-based novel microelectrodes should be further studied toward clinical translation because they can potentially eliminate the risks and costs associated with secondary surgeries for removal of failed or no longer needed electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoxing Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Teresa H Wen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Khaleel A Razak
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Psychology Department, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Jiajia Lin
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Changlu Xu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Catherine Seo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Edgar Villafana
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Hector Jimenez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States
| | - Huinan Liu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States; Stem Cell Center, University of California Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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40
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Functional Role of p53 in the Regulation of Chemical-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6039769. [PMID: 32190175 PMCID: PMC7066401 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6039769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear transcription factor p53, discovered in 1979, has a broad range of biological functions, primarily the regulation of apoptosis, the cell cycle, and DNA repair. In addition to these canonical functions, a growing body of evidence suggests that p53 plays an important role in regulating intracellular redox homeostasis through transcriptional and nontranscriptional mechanisms. Oxidative stress induction and p53 activation are common responses to chemical exposure and are suggested to play critical roles in chemical-induced toxicity. The activation of p53 can exert either prooxidant or antioxidant activity, depending on the context. In this review, we discuss the functional role of p53 in regulating chemical-induced oxidative stress, summarize the potential signaling pathways involved in p53's regulation of chemically mediated oxidative stress, and propose issues that should be addressed in future studies to improve understanding of the relationship between p53 and chemical-induced oxidative stress.
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41
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Progress of Catalytic Valorization of Bio-Glycerol with Urea into Glycerol Carbonate as a Monomer for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/7207068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Versatile polymers with highly adjustable characteristics and a broad range of applications are possibly developed owing to the contemporary industrial polymerization techniques. However, industrial production of large amounts of chemicals and polymers heavily depends on petroleum resources which are dwindling and unsustainable. Of particular interest is to utilize sustainable and green resources for the manufacture of polymeric materials. The efficient transformation of bio-glycerol to the relevant functional derivatives are being widely investigated owing to the increasing demand for enhancing the value of glycerol manufactured by biodiesel and oleochemical industries. With respect to glycerol-based polymer chemistry and technology, considering the economy and environmental benefits, using effective catalysts for the selective transformation of bio-glycerol and urea into glycerol carbonate (GC) as a polymer monomer is of great significance. In this review, recent studies on GC synthesis involving the catalysts such as zinc, magnesium, tungsten, ionic liquid-based catalysts, reaction conditions, and possible pathways are primarily described. Some critical issues and challenges with respect to the rational development of heterogeneous catalytic materials like well-balanced acid-base sites are also illustrated.
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42
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Shafiee A, Ghadiri E, Kassis J, Williams D, Atala A. Energy Band Gap Investigation of Biomaterials: A Comprehensive Material Approach for Biocompatibility of Medical Electronic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E105. [PMID: 31963748 PMCID: PMC7019985 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past ten years, tissue engineering has witnessed significant technological and scientific advancements. Progress in both stem cell science and additive manufacturing have established new horizons in research and are poised to bring improvements in healthcare closer to reality. However, more sophisticated indications such as the scale-up fabrication of biological structures (e.g., human tissues and organs) still require standardization. To that end, biocompatible electronics may be helpful in the biofabrication process. Here, we report the results of our systematic exploration to seek biocompatible/degradable functional electronic materials that could be used for electronic device fabrications. We investigated the electronic properties of various biomaterials in terms of energy diagrams, and the energy band gaps of such materials were obtained using optical absorption spectroscopy. The main component of an electronic device is manufactured with semiconductor materials (i.e., Eg between 1 to 2.5 eV). Most biomaterials showed an optical absorption edge greater than 2.5 eV. For example, fibrinogen, glycerol, and gelatin showed values of 3.54, 3.02, and 3.0 eV, respectively. Meanwhile, a few materials used in the tissue engineering field were found to be semiconductors, such as the phenol red in cell culture media (1.96 eV energy band gap). The data from this research may be used to fabricate biocompatible/degradable electronic devices for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Shafiee
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Elham Ghadiri
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Jareer Kassis
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - David Williams
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
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Perez-Arce J, Centeno-Pedrazo A, Labidi J, Ochoa-Gómez JR, Garcia-Suarez EJ. A novel and efficient approach to obtain lignin-based polyols with potential industrial applications. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01142h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Current work is paving the way to manufacture, by new benign route, lignin-based polyols families with application in biopolymers synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Perez-Arce
- TECNALIA
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
- 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz
- Spain
| | | | - Jalel Labidi
- University of Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Biorefinery Processes Research Group
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - José R. Ochoa-Gómez
- TECNALIA
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
- 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz
- Spain
| | - Eduardo J. Garcia-Suarez
- TECNALIA
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
- 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz
- Spain
- Center for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE)
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Zamboulis A, Nakiou EA, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris DN, Kontonasaki E, Liverani L, Boccaccini AR. Polyglycerol Hyperbranched Polyesters: Synthesis, Properties and Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6210. [PMID: 31835372 PMCID: PMC6940955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a century when environmental pollution is a major issue, polymers issued from bio-based monomers have gained important interest, as they are expected to be environment-friendly, and biocompatible, with non-toxic degradation products. In parallel, hyperbranched polymers have emerged as an easily accessible alternative to dendrimers with numerous potential applications. Glycerol (Gly) is a natural, low-cost, trifunctional monomer, with a production expected to grow significantly, and thus an excellent candidate for the synthesis of hyperbranched polyesters for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. In the present article, we review the synthesis, properties, and applications of glycerol polyesters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (from succinic to sebacic acids) as well as the copolymers of glycerol or hyperbranched polyglycerol with poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone). Emphasis was given to summarize the synthetic procedures (monomer molar ratio, used catalysts, temperatures, etc.,) and their effect on the molecular weight, solubility, and thermal and mechanical properties of the prepared hyperbranched polymers. Their applications in pharmaceutical technology as drug carries and in biomedical applications focusing on regenerative medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Eirini A. Nakiou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Evi Christodoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.Z.); (E.A.N.); (E.C.)
| | - Eleana Kontonasaki
- Department of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Liliana Liverani
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstr. 6, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;
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A high-strength biodegradable thermoset polymer for internal fixation bone screws: Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110445. [PMID: 31446324 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermoset polymers synthesized from the polycondensation of glycerol with biocompatible diacids represent a promising class of absorbable materials for biomedical applications. However, the utility of these polymers for bone fixation devices is hampered due to the lack of mechanical strength. Herein we synthesized a high-strength thermoset polymer, poly(glycerol-succinate) (PGS), via a catalyst-free and solvent-free reaction. The bending strength of PGS reaches 122.01 ± 8.82 MPa, signifying its great potential for fixation devices. The degradation property of the polymer can be tuned by adjusting the monomer ratio and reaction time. Bone screws based on the PGS polymer were successfully manufactured using a lathe. In vitro evaluation showed the PGS polymer was able to well support cell adhesion and proliferation. In vivo evaluation using a rat subcutaneous implantation model showed that the inflammatory response to the polymer was mild. After the PGS screws were implanted in the rabbit femoral condyle for 12 weeks, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis revealed that the screws achieved good osseointegration. Consequently, the polymer developed in current study can serve as internal fixation devices due to the proper mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility, and feasibility of manufacturing screws.
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46
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Ragno D, Di Carmine G, Brandolese A, Bortolini O, Giovannini PP, Fantin G, Bertoldo M, Massi A. Oxidative NHC-Catalysis as Organocatalytic Platform for the Synthesis of Polyester Oligomers by Step-Growth Polymerization. Chemistry 2019; 25:14701-14710. [PMID: 31486558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The application of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis to the polycondensation of diols and dialdehydes under oxidative conditions is herein presented for the synthesis of polyesters using fossil-based (ethylene glycol, phthalaldehydes) and bio-based (furan derivatives, glycerol, isosorbide) monomers. The catalytic dimethyl triazolium/1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene couple and stoichiometric quinone oxidant afforded polyester oligomers with a number-average molecular weight (Mn ) in the range of 1.5-7.8 kg mol-1 as determined by NMR analysis. The synthesis of a higher molecular weight polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) by an NHC-promoted two-step procedure via oligoester intermediates is also illustrated together with the catalyst-controlled preparation of cross-linked or linear polyesters derived from the trifunctional glycerol. The thermal properties (TGA and DSC analyses) of the synthesized oligoesters are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ragno
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Graziano Di Carmine
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brandolese
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Olga Bortolini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Giovannini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fantin
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Monica Bertoldo
- Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Gobetti, 101-40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutica Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari, 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Hong SJ, Ahn MH, Sangshetti J, Arote RB. Sugar alcohol-based polymeric gene carriers: Synthesis, properties and gene therapy applications. Acta Biomater 2019; 97:105-115. [PMID: 31326667 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the field of nanomedicine have led to the development of various gene carriers with desirable cellular responses. However, unfavorable stability and physicochemical properties have hindered their applications in vivo. Therefore, multifunctional, smart nanocarriers with unique properties to overcome such drawbacks are needed. Among them, sugar alcohol-based nanoparticle with abundant surface chemistry, numerous hydroxyl groups, acceptable biocompatibility and biodegradable property are considered as the recent additions to the growing list of non-viral vectors. In this review, we present some of the major advances in our laboratory in developing sugar-based polymers as non-viral gene delivery vectors to treat various diseases. We also discuss some of the open questions in this field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Recently, the development of sugar alcohol-based polymers conjugated with polyethylenimine (PEI) has attracted tremendous interest as gene delivery vectors. First, the natural backbone of polymers with their numerous hydroxyl groups display a wide range of hyperosmotic properties and can thereby enhance the cellular uptake of genetic materials via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Second, conjugation of a PEI backbone with sugar alcohols via Michael addition contributes to buffering capacity and thereby the proton sponge effect. Last, sugar alcohol based gene delivery systems improves therapeutic efficacy both in vitro and in vivo.
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Jung P, Ziegler AD, Blankenburg J, Frey H. Glycidyl Tosylate: Polymerization of a "Non-Polymerizable" Monomer permits Universal Post-Functionalization of Polyethers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12883-12886. [PMID: 31339633 PMCID: PMC6771516 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycidyl tosylate appears to be a non-polymerizable epoxide when nucleophilic initiators are used because of the excellent leaving group properties of the tosylate. However, using the monomer-activated mechanism, this unusual monomer can be copolymerized with ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO), respectively, yielding copolymers with 7-25 % incorporated tosylate-moieties. The microstructure of the copolymers was investigated via in situ 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and the reactivity ratios of the copolymerizations have been determined. Quantitative nucleophilic substitution of the tosylate-moiety is demonstrated for several examples. This new structure provides access to a library of functionalized polyethers that cannot be synthesized by conventional oxyanionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jung
- Institut für organische ChemieJohannes-Gutenberg Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455099MainzGermany
| | - Arthur D. Ziegler
- Institut für organische ChemieJohannes-Gutenberg Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455099MainzGermany
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institut für organische ChemieJohannes-Gutenberg Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455099MainzGermany
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz55128MainzGermany
| | - Holger Frey
- Institut für organische ChemieJohannes-Gutenberg Universität MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455099MainzGermany
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Jung P, Ziegler AD, Blankenburg J, Frey H. Glycidyltosylat: Die Polymerisation eines “nicht polymerisierbaren” Monomers ermöglicht eine universelle, polymeranaloge Funktionalisierung von Polyethern. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Jung
- Institut für organische Chemie Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55099 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Arthur D. Ziegler
- Institut für organische Chemie Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55099 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Jan Blankenburg
- Institut für organische Chemie Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55099 Mainz Deutschland
- Graduate School Materials Science in Mainz 55128 Mainz Deutschland
| | - Holger Frey
- Institut für organische Chemie Johannes-Gutenberg Universität Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55099 Mainz Deutschland
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Gómez Millán G, Hellsten S, Llorca J, Luque R, Sixta H, Balu AM. Recent Advances in the Catalytic Production of Platform Chemicals from Holocellulosic Biomass. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Gómez Millán
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems School of Chemical EngineeringAalto University Vuorimiehentie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Energy Technologies and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya Eduard Maristany 10–14 08019 Barcelona Spain
| | - Sanna Hellsten
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems School of Chemical EngineeringAalto University Vuorimiehentie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Jordi Llorca
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Energy Technologies and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de Catalunya Eduard Maristany 10–14 08019 Barcelona Spain
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Cordoba Campus Rabanales Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV−A, km 396 Cordoba Spain
- Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) 6 Miklukho-Maklaya str. 117198 Moscow Russia
| | - Herbert Sixta
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems School of Chemical EngineeringAalto University Vuorimiehentie 1 02150 Espoo Finland
| | - Alina M. Balu
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidad de Cordoba Campus Rabanales Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV−A, km 396 Cordoba Spain
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