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Zhao Y, Zhou J, Jiang C, Xu T, Li K, Zhang D, Sheng B. Highly Sensitive and Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors Combined with Porous Structure and Hole Array Using Sacrificial Templates and Laser Ablation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2369. [PMID: 39204589 PMCID: PMC11359779 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Flexible, wearable pressure sensors offer numerous benefits, including superior sensing capabilities, a lightweight and compact design, and exceptional conformal properties, making them highly sought after in various applications including medical monitoring, human-computer interactions, and electronic skins. Because of their excellent characteristics, such as simple fabrication, low power consumption, and short response time, capacitive pressure sensors have received widespread attention. As a flexible polymer material, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used in the preparation of dielectric layers for capacitive pressure sensors. The Young's modulus of the flexible polymer can be effectively decreased through the synergistic application of sacrificial template and laser ablation techniques, thereby improving the functionality of capacitive pressure sensors. In this study, a novel sensor was introduced. Its dielectric layer was developed through a series of processes, including the use of a sacrificial template method using NaCl microparticles and subsequent CO2 laser ablation. This porous PDMS dielectric layer, featuring an array of holes, was then sandwiched between two flexible electrodes to create a capacitive pressure sensor. The sensor demonstrates a sensitivity of 0.694 kPa-1 within the pressure range of 0-1 kPa and can effectively detect pressures ranging from 3 Pa to 200 kPa. The sensor demonstrates stability for up to 500 cycles, with a rapid response time of 96 ms and a recovery time of 118 ms, coupled with a low hysteresis of 6.8%. Furthermore, our testing indicates that the sensor possesses limitless potential for use in detecting human physiological activities and delivering signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Zhao
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jingyu Zhou
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Chenkai Jiang
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Tianlong Xu
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Kaixin Li
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- School of Optical Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; (Y.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.J.); (T.X.); (K.L.); (D.Z.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Systems, Engineering Research Center of Optical Instruments and Systems, Shanghai 200093, China
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2
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McKenzie T, Ayres N. Synthesis and Applications of Elastomeric Polymerized High Internal Phase Emulsions (PolyHIPEs). ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20178-20195. [PMID: 37323392 PMCID: PMC10268022 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer foams (PFs) are among the most industrially produced polymeric materials, and they are found in applications including aerospace, packaging, textiles, and biomaterials. PFs are predominantly prepared using gas-blowing techniques, but PFs can also be prepared from templating techniques such as polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs). PolyHIPEs have many experimental design variables which control the physical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the resulting PFs. Both rigid and elastic polyHIPEs can be prepared, but while elastomeric polyHIPEs are less commonly reported than hard polyHIPEs, elastomeric polyHIPEs are instrumental in the realization of new materials in applications including flexible separation membranes, energy storage in soft robotics, and 3D-printed soft tissue engineering scaffolds. Furthermore, there are few limitations to the types of polymers and polymerization methods that have been used to prepare elastic polyHIPEs due to the wide range of polymerization conditions that are compatible with the polyHIPE method. In this review, an overview of the chemistry used to prepare elastic polyHIPEs from early reports to modern polymerization methods is provided, focusing on the applications that flexible polyHIPEs are used in. The review consists of four sections organized around polymer classes used in the preparation of polyHIPEs: (meth)acrylics and (meth)acrylamides, silicones, polyesters and polyurethanes, and naturally occurring polymers. Within each section, the common properties, current challenges, and an outlook is suggested on where elastomeric polyHIPEs can be expected to continue to make broad, positive impacts on materials and technology for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Ayres
- N.A.:
email, ; tel, +01 513 556 9280; fax, +01 513 556 9239
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3
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Timusk M, Nigol IA, Vlassov S, Oras S, Kangur T, Linarts A, Šutka A. Low-density PDMS foams by controlled destabilization of thixotropic emulsions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:265-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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4
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PEG-in-PDMS drops stabilised by soft silicone skins as a model system for elastocapillary emulsions with explicit morphology control. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:1044-1057. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Mudassir MA, Aslam HZ, Ansari TM, Zhang H, Hussain I. Fundamentals and Design-Led Synthesis of Emulsion-Templated Porous Materials for Environmental Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102540. [PMID: 34553500 PMCID: PMC8596121 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion templating is at the forefront of producing a wide array of porous materials that offers interconnected porous structure, easy permeability, homogeneous flow-through, high diffusion rates, convective mass transfer, and direct accessibility to interact with atoms/ions/molecules throughout the exterior and interior of the bulk. These interesting features together with easily available ingredients, facile preparation methods, flexible pore-size tuning protocols, controlled surface modification strategies, good physicochemical and dimensional stability, lightweight, convenient processing and subsequent recovery, superior pollutants remediation/monitoring performance, and decent recyclability underscore the benchmark potential of the emulsion-templated porous materials in large-scale practical environmental applications. To this end, many research breakthroughs in emulsion templating technique witnessed by the recent achievements have been widely unfolded and currently being extensively explored to address many of the environmental challenges. Taking into account the burgeoning progress of the emulsion-templated porous materials in the environmental field, this review article provides a conceptual overview of emulsions and emulsion templating technique, sums up the general procedures to design and fabricate many state-of-the-art emulsion-templated porous materials, and presents a critical overview of their marked momentum in adsorption, separation, disinfection, catalysis/degradation, capture, and sensing of the inorganic, organic and biological contaminants in water and air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryKhwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT)Rahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan
- Institute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University (BZU)Multan60800Pakistan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Hafiz Zohaib Aslam
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood Ansari
- Institute of Chemical SciencesBahauddin Zakariya University (BZU)Multan60800Pakistan
| | - Haifei Zhang
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of LiverpoolOxford StreetLiverpoolL69 7ZDUK
| | - Irshad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringSBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE)Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)Lahore54792Pakistan
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Jiang G, Ge J, Jia Y, Ye X, Jin L, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Yang G, Xue L, Xie S. Coaxial electrospun nanofibrous aerogels for effective removal of oils and separation of water-in-oil emulsions. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Zhang GD, Wu ZH, Xia QQ, Qu YX, Pan HT, Hu WJ, Zhao L, Cao K, Chen EY, Yuan Z, Gao JF, Mai YW, Tang LC. Ultrafast Flame-Induced Pyrolysis of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Foam Materials toward Exceptional Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Reliable Mechanical Robustness. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:23161-23172. [PMID: 33955739 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces are imperative in flexible polymer foams for diverse applications; however, traditional surface coatings on soft skeletons are often fragile and can hardly endure severe deformation, making them unstable and highly susceptible to cyclic loadings. Therefore, it remains a great challenge to balance their mutual exclusiveness of mechanical robustness and surface water repellency on flexible substrates. Herein, we describe how robust superhydrophobic surfaces on soft poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) foams can be achieved using an extremely simple, ultrafast, and environmentally friendly flame scanning strategy. The ultrafast flame treatment (1-3 s) of PDMS foams produces microwavy and nanosilica rough structures bonded on the soft skeletons, forming robust superhydrophobic surfaces (i.e., water contact angles (WCAs) > 155° and water sliding angles (WSAs) < 5°). The rough surface can be effectively tailored by simply altering the flame scanning speed (2.5-15.0 cm/s) to adjust the thermal pyrolysis of the PDMS molecules. The optimized surfaces display reliable mechanical robustness and excellent water repellency even after 100 cycles of compression of 60% strain, stretching of 100% strain, and bending of 90° and hostile environmental conditions (including acid/salt/alkali conditions, high/low temperatures, UV aging, and harsh cyclic abrasion). Moreover, such flame-induced superhydrophobic surfaces are easily peeled off from ice and can be healable even after severe abrasion cycles. Clearly, the flame scanning strategy provides a facile and versatile approach for fabricating mechanically robust and surface superhydrophobic PDMS foam materials for applications in complex conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Qi Xia
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Xiang Qu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Er-Yu Chen
- NCO, Academy of PAP, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- NCO, Academy of PAP, Hangzhou 310023, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Feng Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yiu-Wing Mai
- Centre for Advanced Materials Technology (CAMT), School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering J07, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Long-Cheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of MoE, College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, P. R. China
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8
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Wearable porous PDMS layer of high moisture permeability for skin trouble reduction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:938. [PMID: 33441667 PMCID: PMC7806932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78580-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research proposes the present porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer for the skin trouble reduced daily life skin attachable devices. The present research proposes the new pores forming method in the PDMS by crystallization and dissolution of the citric acid in the PDMS for fabricating high uniform and small size pores. The present porous PDMS layer (i) decreases the pore size 93.2%p and increases the pore size uniformity 425%p compared to the conventional porous PDMS layer of mixing sugars and PDMS; (ii) is able to be fabricated in the thickness of 21-101 µm by spin-coating; (iii) has the 2.2 times higher water vapor transmission rate (947 ± 10.8 g/day•m2) compared to the human skin water vapor transmission rate. The present porous PDMS layer reduces the skin trouble effectively by having the high water vapor permeability, therefore is applicable to the human daily-life skin attachable devices.
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9
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Nguyen PTA, Vandamme M, Kovalenko A. Collapse and cavitation during the drying of water-saturated PDMS sponges with closed porosity. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:9693-9704. [PMID: 32990709 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00932f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we study the drying of water-saturated porous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomers with closed porosity in which the evaporation of water is possible only via the diffusion across PDMS. Starting from water/PDMS emulsions, we fabricate soft macroporous samples with different pore diameter distributions and average diameters ranging from 10 to 300 μm. In these materials, the drying may lead to either a collapsed state with low porosity or the cavitation and reopening of a fraction of the pores. Using optical microscopy and porosity measurements, we showed the influence of the pore diameters and interactions on the result of drying. At pore diameters lower than 30 μm, the majority of pores remain collapsed. We attribute the permanence of the collapse of most small pores to a low probability of cavitation and to the adhesion of the pore walls. Pores with diameters larger than 100 μm reopen via cavitation of the water they contain. The behavior of pores with diameters ranging from 30 to 100 μm depends on the porosity and drying temperature. We also visualize collective cavitation upon the drying of sponges initially saturated with sodium chloride solution. In this case, the cavitation in the largest pores leads to the reopening of small pores in a neighboring zone of the sample. To our knowledge, our results present the first experimental proof of the pore-size-dependent and cooperative nature of the response of soft sponges with closed porosity to drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phu Tuan Anh Nguyen
- Navier, Ecole des Ponts, Univ. Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, Marne-la-Vallée, France
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10
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A type of silicone modified styrene-acrylate latex for weatherable coatings with improved mechanical strength and anticorrosive properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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11
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Kataruka A, Hutchens SB. PDMS polymerized high internal phase emulsions (polyHIPEs) with closed-cell, aqueous-filled microcavities. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:9665-9675. [PMID: 31728471 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01732a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion templates can produce a wide range of unique microstructures via solidification of the continuous phase. Some of these structures result in unique, fluid-filled composites reminiscent of biological tissue when the templating droplets develop into closed-cell structures. However, the state-of-the-art falls short in replicating the mechanical and functional response of biological structures due to stiff, fragile, and bio-incompatible materials while lacking systematic processing parameters. This article describes the synthesis of high internal phase, closed-cell, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomeric foams which simultaneously achieve biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, flexibility, and selective permeability. Water-in-oil high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by silica nano-particles (SNPs) provide the microstructural template, resulting in a >74% by volume aqueous phase (up to 82%). To overcome the prohibitive barrier to HIPE formation when using a mechanically-superior, but highly viscous commercial PDMS kit, we produce HIPE templates via centrifugation of low internal phase emulsions (LIPEs, <30% by volume dispersed phase). This oil phase crosslinks into an aqueous-filled (water + glycerol + NaCl) elastomeric composite. The composite's microstructural dependence on viscosity ratio, mixing speed, emulsifier concentration, and centrifugal force are systematically characterized. The resulting microstructured, fluid-filled elastomer composites exhibit mechanically robust and highly flexible behavior due to the excellent properties of the PDMS continuous phase.
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12
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Parameswaran C, Gupta D. Large area flexible pressure/strain sensors and arrays using nanomaterials and printing techniques. NANO CONVERGENCE 2019; 6:28. [PMID: 31495907 PMCID: PMC6732266 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-019-0198-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sensors are becoming more demanding in all spheres of human activities for their advancement in terms of fabrication and cost. Several methods of fabrication and configurations exist which provide them myriad of applications. However, the advantage of fabrication for sensors lies with bulk fabrication and processing techniques. Exhaustive study for process advancement towards miniaturization from the advent of MEMS technology has been going on and progressing at high pace and has reached a highly advanced level wherein batch production and low cost alternatives provide a competitive performance. A look back to this advancement and thus understanding the route further is essential which is the core of this review in light of nanomaterials and printed technology based sensors. A subjective appraisal of these developments in sensor architecture from the advent of MEMS technology converging present date novel materials and process technologies through this article help us understand the path further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chithra Parameswaran
- Plastic Electronics and Energy Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 India
| | - Dipti Gupta
- Plastic Electronics and Energy Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076 India
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13
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Mazurek P, Ekbrant B, Madsen F, Yu L, Skov A. Glycerol-silicone foams – Tunable 3-phase elastomeric porous materials. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Giustiniani A, Weis S, Poulard C, Kamm PH, García-Moreno F, Schröter M, Drenckhan W. Skinny emulsions take on granular matter. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7310-7323. [PMID: 30063061 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the structural features of foams and emulsions has advanced significantly over the last 20 years. However, with a search for "super-stable" liquid dispersions, foam and emulsion science employs increasingly complex formulations which create solid-like visco-elastic layers at the bubble/drop surfaces. These lead to elastic, adhesive and frictional forces between bubbles/drops, impacting strongly how they pack and deform against each other, asking for an adaptation of the currently available structural description. The possibility to modify systematically the interfacial properties makes these dispersions ideal systems for the exploration of soft granular materials with complex interactions. We present here a first systematic analysis of the structural features of such a system using a model silicone emulsion containing millimetre-sized polyethylene glycol drops (PEG). Solid-like drop surfaces are obtained by polymeric cross-linking reactions at the PEG-silicone interface. Using a novel droplet-micromanipulator, we highlight the presence of elastic, adhesive and frictional interactions between two drops. We then provide for the first time a full tomographic analysis of the structural features of these emulsions. An in-depth analysis of the angle of repose, local volume fraction distributions, pair correlation functions and the drop deformations for different skin formulations allow us to put in evidence the striking difference with "ordinary" emulsions having fluid-like drop surfaces. While strong analogies with frictional hard-sphere systems can be drawn, these systems display a set of unique features due to the high deformability of the drops which await systematic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Giustiniani
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex 91405, France
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Zhuo Y, Wang F, Xiao S, He J, Zhang Z. One-Step Fabrication of Bioinspired Lubricant-Regenerable Icephobic Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10139-10144. [PMID: 31459142 PMCID: PMC6645152 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Icephobic coating and surfaces are essential for protecting infrastructures such as transmission lines, transportation vehicles, and many others from severe damages of excessive icing. The slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPS) are attracting escalating attention because of their low-ice adhesion strength. Despite all of the encouraging laboratory scale results, the SLIPS are still far from being applicable in real environments owing to the key unsolved problem, namely anti-icing durability. Inspired by the functionality of the amphibians' skin, lubricant regenerability was introduced to conventional SLIPS and realized by a facile and scalable fabrication route. A series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based skinlike SLIPS were designed and fabricated by using a one-step method, the solvent evaporation-induced phase separation technique. The obtained skinlike SLIPS were able to regenerate surface lubricant constantly by internal residual stress because of phase separation and survive more than 15 cycles of wiping/regenerating tests. Thanks to the regenerability of the surface lubricant, the new SLIPS demonstrated durable icephobicity, showing a long-term low-ice adhesion strength below 70 kPa, which was only 43% of 160 kPa that for the pristine PDMS (Sylgard 184), even after 15 icing/deicing cycles. This work paves a new and facile way for achieving icephobic durability of SLIPS.
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Stubenrauch C, Menner A, Bismarck A, Drenckhan W. Emulsions- und Schaumtemplatierung - vielversprechende Methoden zur Herstellung maßgeschneiderter poröser Polymere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie; Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Deutschland
| | - Angelika Menner
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institut für Materialchemie; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institut für Materialchemie; Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Wien; Österreich
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group; Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College; London Großbritannien
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Stubenrauch C, Menner A, Bismarck A, Drenckhan W. Emulsion and Foam Templating-Promising Routes to Tailor-Made Porous Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10024-10032. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Stubenrauch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; University of Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Angelika Menner
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Institute of Materials Chemistry & Research; Faculty of Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
- Polymer & Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group; Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College; London UK
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18
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Giustiniani A, Drenckhan W, Poulard C. Interfacial tension of reactive, liquid interfaces and its consequences. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:185-197. [PMID: 28760412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dispersions of immiscible liquids, such as emulsions and polymer blends, are at the core of many industrial applications which makes the understanding of their properties (morphology, stability, etc.) of great interest. A wide range of these properties depend on interfacial phenomena, whose understanding is therefore of particular importance. The behaviour of interfacial tension in emulsions and polymer blends is well-understood - both theoretically and experimentally - in the case of non-reactive stabilization processes using pre-made surfactants. However, this description of the interfacial tension behaviour in reactive systems, where the stabilizing agents are created in-situ (and which is more efficient as a stabilization route for many systems), does not yet find a consensus among the community. In this review, we compare the different theories which have been developed for non-reactive and for reactive systems, and we discuss their ability to capture the behaviour found experimentally. Finally, we address the consequences of the reactive stabilization process both on the global emulsions or polymer blend morphologies and at the interfacial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Giustiniani
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex 91405, France.
| | - Wiebke Drenckhan
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christophe Poulard
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex 91405, France.
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