1
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Lenhart AE, Booth PPM, Simcox KM, Ramos BA, Kennedy RT. Systematic evaluation of benzoylation for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of different analyte classes. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1722:464872. [PMID: 38581975 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
LC-MS is an indispensable tool for small molecule analysis in many fields; however, many small molecules require chemical derivatization to improve retention on commonly used reversed-phase columns and increase ionization. Benzoyl chloride (BzCl) derivatization is commonly used for derivatization of primary and secondary amines and phenolic alcohols, though evidence exists that with proper reaction conditions (i.e., specific bases), other hydroxyl groups may be derivatized too. Previous studies have examined BzCl concentration, reaction times, and reaction temperatures for derivatization of amines and phenols for LC-MS analysis; however, use of different bases, base concentration, and extending to conditions to hydroxyl groups for LC-MS analysis has not been well-studied. To address this understudied area and identify reaction conditions for both amino and hydroxyl groups, we performed a systematic study of reaction conditions on multiple classes of potential targets. For selected derivatization methods, detection limits and performance in a variety of biological matrices were assessed. Results highlight the importance of tailoring derivatization methods for a given application as they varied by molecule and/or molecule class. Compared to the standard BzCl method commonly used, alternative methods were identified to better derivatize challenging analytes (glucosamine, choline, cortisol, uridine, cytidine) with detection limits reaching 1100, 9, 38, 170, and 67 nM compared to undetectable, 170, 86, 1000, and 86 nM respectively. Sub-nanomolar detection limits were achieved for norepinephrine with alternative derivatization approaches. Improved derivatization methods for several classes and molecules including nucleosides, steroids, and molecules containing hydroxyl groups were also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Lenhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | | | - Kaley M Simcox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Brianna A Ramos
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109; Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109.
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Nestor L, De Bundel D, Vander Heyden Y, Smolders I, Van Eeckhaut A. Unravelling the brain metabolome: A review of liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry strategies for extracellular brain metabolomics. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464479. [PMID: 37952387 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of the brain extracellular metabolome is of interest for numerous subdomains within neuroscience. Not only does it provide information about normal physiological functions, it is even more of interest for biomarker discovery and target discovery in disease. The extracellular analysis of the brain is particularly interesting as it provides information about the release of mediators in the brain extracellular fluid to look at cellular signaling and metabolic pathways through the release, diffusion and re-uptake of neurochemicals. In vivo samples are obtained through microdialysis, cerebral open-flow microperfusion or solid-phase microextraction. The analytes of potential interest are typically low in concentration and can have a wide range of physicochemical properties. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry has proven its usefulness in brain metabolomics. It allows sensitive and specific analysis of low sample volumes, obtained through different approaches. Several strategies for the analysis of the extracellular fluid have been proposed. The most widely used approaches apply sample derivatization, specific stationary phases and/or hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Miniaturization of these methods allows an even higher sensitivity. The development of chiral metabolomics is indispensable, as it allows to compare the enantiomeric ratio of compounds and provides even more challenges. Some limitations continue to exist for the previously developed methods and the development of new, more sensitive methods remains needed. This review provides an overview of the methods developed for sampling and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the extracellular metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Nestor
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dimitri De Bundel
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Applied Chemometrics and Molecular Modelling (FABI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilse Smolders
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Van Eeckhaut
- Research group Experimental Pharmacology (EFAR), Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Zhang J, Sun M, Elmaidomy AH, Youssif KA, Zaki AMM, Hassan Kamal H, Sayed AM, Abdelmohsen UR. Emerging trends and applications of metabolomics in food science and nutrition. Food Funct 2023; 14:9050-9082. [PMID: 37740352 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of all chemical processes involving metabolites is known as metabolomics. It has been developed into an essential tool in several disciplines, such as the study of plant physiology, drug development, human diseases, and nutrition. The field of food science, diagnostic biomarker research, etiological analysis in the field of medical therapy, and raw material quality, processing, and safety have all benefited from the use of metabolomics recently. Food metabolomics includes the use of metabolomics in food production, processing, and human diets. As a result of changing consumer habits and the rising of food industries all over the world, there is a remarkable increase in interest in food quality and safety. It requires the employment of various technologies for the food supply chain, processing of food, and even plant breeding. This can be achieved by understanding the metabolome of food, including its biochemistry and composition. Additionally, Food metabolomics can be used to determine the similarities and differences across crop kinds, as an indicator for tracking the process of ripening to increase crops' shelf life and attractiveness, and identifying metabolites linked to pathways responsible for postharvest disorders. Moreover, nutritional metabolomics is used to investigate the connection between diet and human health through detection of certain biomarkers. This review assessed and compiled literature on food metabolomics research with an emphasis on metabolite extraction, detection, and data processing as well as its applications to the study of food nutrition, food-based illness, and phytochemical analysis. Several studies have been published on the applications of metabolomics in food but further research concerning the use of standard reproducible procedures must be done. The results published showed promising uses in the food industry in many areas such as food production, processing, and human diets. Finally, metabolome-wide association studies (MWASs) could also be a useful predictor to detect the connection between certain diseases and low molecular weight biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Abeer H Elmaidomy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Khayrya A Youssif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Saleheya El Gadida University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adham M M Zaki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Hossam Hassan Kamal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt
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Wang D, Xiao H, Lv X, Chen H, Wei F. Mass Spectrometry Based on Chemical Derivatization Has Brought Novel Discoveries to Lipidomics: A Comprehensive Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-32. [PMID: 37782560 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2261130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, as one of the most important organic compounds in organisms, are important components of cells and participate in energy storage and signal transduction of living organisms. As a rapidly rising field, lipidomics research involves the identification and quantification of multiple classes of lipid molecules, as well as the structure, function, dynamics, and interactions of lipids in living organisms. Due to its inherent high selectivity and high sensitivity, mass spectrometry (MS) is the "gold standard" analysis technique for small molecules in biological samples. The combination chemical derivatization with MS detection is a unique strategy that could improve MS ionization efficiency, facilitate structure identification and quantitative analysis. Herein, this review discusses derivatization-based MS strategies for lipidomic analysis over the past decade and focuses on all the reported lipid categories, including fatty acids and modified fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sterols and saccharolipids. The functional groups of lipids mainly involved in chemical derivatization include the C=C group, carboxyl group, hydroxyl group, amino group, carbonyl group. Furthermore, representative applications of these derivatization-based lipid profiling methods were summarized. Finally, challenges and countermeasures of lipid derivatization are mentioned and highlighted to guide future studies of derivatization-based MS strategy in lipidomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Huaming Xiao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xin Lv
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Hong Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Wei Y, Sun Y, Jia S, Yan P, Xiong C, Qi M, Wang C, Du Z, Jiang H. Identification of endogenous carbonyl steroids in human serum by chemical derivatization, hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and the quantitative structure-retention relationship. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1226:123776. [PMID: 37311272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are tetracyclic aliphatic compounds, and most of them contain carbonyl groups. The disordered homeostasis of steroids is closely related to the occurrence and progression of various diseases. Due to high structural similarity, low concentrations in vivo, poor ionization efficiency, and interference from endogenous substances, it is very challenging to comprehensively and unambiguously identify endogenous steroids in biological matrix. Herein, an integrated strategy was developed for the characterization of endogenous steroids in serum based on chemical derivatization, ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Exactive mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS), hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange, and a quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) model. To enhance the mass spectrometry (MS) response of carbonyl steroids, the ketonic carbonyl group was derivatized by Girard T (GT). Firstly, the fragmentation rules of derivatized carbonyl steroid standards by GT were summarized. Then, carbonyl steroids in serum were derivatized by GT and identified based on the fragmentation rules or by comparing retention time and MS/MS spectra with those of standards. H/D exchange MS was utilized to distinguish derivatized steroid isomers for the first time. Finally, a QSRR model was constructed to predict the retention time of the unknown steroid derivatives. With this strategy, 93 carbonyl steroids were identified from human serum, and 30 of them were determined to be dicarbonyl steroids by the charge number of characteristic ions and the number of exchangeable hrdrogen or comparing with standards. The QSRR model built by the machine learning algorithms has an excellent regression correlation, thus the accurate structures of 14 carbonyl steroids were determined, among which three steroids were reported for the first time in human serum. This study provides a new analytical method for the comprehensive and reliable identification of carbonyl steroids in biological matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Wei
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuailong Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha 410028, China
| | - Chaomei Xiong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meiling Qi
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhifeng Du
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hongliang Jiang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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6
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Gao S, Zhou X, Yue M, Zhu S, Liu Q, Zhao XE. Advances and perspectives in chemical isotope labeling-based mass spectrometry methods for metabolome and exposome analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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7
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Stepwise solid phase extraction integrated with chemical derivatization for all-in-one injection LC-MS/MS analysis of metabolome and lipidome. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1241:340807. [PMID: 36657877 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The metabolome and lipidome are critical components in illustrating biological processes and pathological mechanisms. Generally, two or more independent methods are required to analyze the two compound panels due to their distinct chemical properties and polarity differences. Here, a novel strategy integrating stepwise solid-phase extraction (SPE) and dansyl chemical derivatization was proposed for all-in-one injection LC-MS/MS analysis of serum metabolome and lipidome. In this workflow, a stepwise elution procedure was firstly optimized to separate the metabolome and lipidome fractions using an Ostro plate. Dansyl chemical derivatization was then applied to label amine/phenol, carboxyl, and carbonyl-containing sub-metabolomes. Our results demonstrated that the dansyl labeling could significantly improve chromatographic separation, enhance the MS response, and overcome the matrix effect of co-eluting lipids. Ultimately, an all-in-one injection LC-MS/MS method measuring 256 lipids (covering 20 subclasses) and 212 metabolites (including amino acids, bile acids, fatty acids, acylcarnitines, indole derivatives, ketones and aldehydes, nucleic acid metabolism, polyamines, etc.) was established. This method was applied to investigate the metabolic changes in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and the results were compared with previous untargeted metabolomics. The presented strategy could predominantly improve the analytical coverage and throughput and can be of great use in discovering reliable potential biomarkers in various applications.
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8
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Song D, Yuan S, Zhang C, Luan L, Liu Y, Zhang Q. Rapid Detection of Estrogens in Cosmetics by Chemical Derivatization and Paper-Spray Ionization Mass-Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031130. [PMID: 36770794 PMCID: PMC9920920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens in personal care products are harmful to customers. Conventional methods such as HPLC and LC-MS require tedious sample pretreatment and long analytical time. Paper-spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) is a powerful tool for the determination of compounds with little time and minimal pretreatment procedures. Since most estrogens show poor responses in PSI-MS, we developed a chemical derivatization and PSI-MS method to determinate three estrogens: estradiol, estriol and ethinyloestradiol with estradiol valerate as the internal standard (I.S.). After derivatization with 2-fluoro-1-methyl-pyridinium-p-toluene-sulfonate, the three estrogens could be quantified in seconds. This method showed good linearity in the range of 0.1~30 μg·mL-1, with R2 > 0.999. Their recovery results were all between 85%~115%. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.04 μg·mL-1, 0.02 μg·mL-1 and 0.02 μg·mL-1 for estradiol, estriol and ethinyloestradiol respectively, which improved around 200, 2000, and 900 times compared to non-derivative PSI-MS. The method could quantitatively determine estrogens in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongning Song
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Song Yuan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Caiyu Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Lin Luan
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qingsheng Zhang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Chemical Drugs, Beijing 102629, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (Q.Z.)
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9
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Chen X, Li G, Zhang W, Ou J, Li H, Huang Y, He S, Zhou J, Zhao Z, Chen J, Meng X, Liu L. Urine metabolomic characteristics of female patients with occupational chronic cadmium poisoning after 15 years of treatment. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5523. [PMID: 36336973 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Occupational chronic cadmium poisoning (OCCP) can cause irreversible organ damage. Currently, no effective treatment is available for OCCP, and effective and sensitive biomarkers for treatment evaluation are still lacking. In this study, metabolomics techniques were used to analyze changes in endogenous metabolites in the urine of patients with OCCP after 15 years of treatment. Thirty urine samples from female patients with OCCP and healthy female controls (n = 15 per group) were assessed using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Exactive mass spectrometry. The OCCP group had higher concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and urinary cadmium but near-normal urinary concentrations of β2 -microglobulin and retinol-binding protein. Compared with the control group, the OCCP group had 66 significantly different metabolites with a variable importance in projection score >1 and p < 0.05. These differential metabolites were involved in various metabolic pathways, such as creatine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Compared with the control group, the OCCP group had significantly higher urinary concentrations of creatine, glutamic acid, quinolinic acid and nicotinic acid. In a receiver operator characteristic analysis, the area under the curve of creatine was higher than those for glutamic acid, quinolinic acid and nicotinic acid, indicating that urinary concentrations of creatine could be used as a sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of OCCP and for monitoring its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Chen
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weipeng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Ou
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuirong He
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Liu
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, China
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Cheng J, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Sun T, Zhang L, Guo Y. Quaterization Derivatization with Bis(Pyridine) Iodine Tetrafluoroboride: High-Sensitivity Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Human Thyroid Tissues. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11185-11191. [PMID: 35916214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accurate quantification of disease-related unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in biomedical samples plays an important role in clinical diagnosis. Here, we reported a quaterization derivatization-stable isotope labeling strategy for accurate quantitative analysis of UFAs by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. [d0]/[d10]-Bis(pyridine) iodine tetrafluoroboride ([d0]/[d10]-IPy2BF4) was employed as the carbon-carbon double bond derivatization reagent with high efficiency and high specificity, to introduce a charge tag on UFAs and avoid the interference of saturated fatty acids. After labeling, the detection sensitivity was significantly enhanced by up to three orders of magnitude compared to intact UFAs. The standard curves showed good linearity (R2 > 0.999) over a wide concentration range. This strategy was successfully applied to determine the content of 12 UFAs in human thyroid carcinoma and para-carcinoma tissues. A significant difference was found in the content of several UFAs between these two kinds of tissues (p < 0.05). These results indicated that the proposed strategy may be valuable for the discovery of abnormal UFA content in early clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunjun Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tuanqi Sun
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinlong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and National Center for Organic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Chen HC, Lee PD, Chang YZ. Development of a rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of commonly abused drugs in Asia in a micro-segment of a single hair using microwave-assisted extraction and dansyl chloride derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 213:114678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Maciel LS, Marengo A, Rubiolo P, Leito I, Herodes K. Derivatization-targeted analysis of amino compounds in plant extracts in neutral loss acquisition mode by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1656:462555. [PMID: 34571278 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Amino compounds, such as amino acids and biogenic amines, are important metabolites that can be found in diverse natural matrices. The most common method for amino compound analysis nowadays is reversed-phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (RPLC-MS/MS). However, due to the polar and the basic nature of amines, their RPLC retention is often insufficient or peaks are tailing. Derivatization is a way to overcome the issue and in the present work amino compounds are derivatized with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate (DEEMM) and analyzed by a RPLC triple quadrupole MS system in neutral loss scan (NLS) mode (loss of 46). This allows to target all compounds in the sample that undergo derivatization with DEEMM, so that the amino compound profile of the sample is obtained. To the best of our knowledge, the NLS acquisition mode has never been employed to target amino compounds after DEEMM derivatization. In the first part of the study, eight amino acids (arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, proline, tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine and isoleucine) were employed as model compounds for method optimization, with good results in terms of DEEMM derivatives detection and repeatability. The developed method was successfully applied to a complex extract from the plant species Carduus nutans subsp. macrocephalus (Desf.) Nyman, with 18 amino acids and 3 other amines being identified. The proposed approach could be employed for straightforward identification of known and unknown amino compounds in different types of matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Marengo
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu, 50411, Estonia; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia Del Farmaco, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Koit Herodes
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
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13
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Progress and Challenges in Quantifying Carbonyl-Metabolomic Phenomes with LC-MS/MS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206147. [PMID: 34684729 PMCID: PMC8541004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonyl-containing metabolites widely exist in biological samples and have important physiological functions. Thus, accurate and sensitive quantitative analysis of carbonyl-containing metabolites is crucial to provide insight into metabolic pathways as well as disease mechanisms. Although reversed phase liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RPLC-ESI-MS) is widely used due to the powerful separation capability of RPLC and high specificity and sensitivity of MS, but it is often challenging to directly analyze carbonyl-containing metabolites using RPLC-ESI-MS due to the poor ionization efficiency of neutral carbonyl groups in ESI. Modification of carbonyl-containing metabolites by a chemical derivatization strategy can overcome the obstacle of sensitivity; however, it is insufficient to achieve accurate quantification due to instrument drift and matrix effects. The emergence of stable isotope-coded derivatization (ICD) provides a good solution to the problems encountered above. Thus, LC-MS methods that utilize ICD have been applied in metabolomics including quantitative targeted analysis and untargeted profiling analysis. In addition, ICD makes multiplex or multichannel submetabolome analysis possible, which not only reduces instrument running time but also avoids the variation of MS response. In this review, representative derivatization reagents and typical applications in absolute quantification and submetabolome profiling are discussed to highlight the superiority of the ICD strategy for detection of carbonyl-containing metabolites.
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14
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Barišić D, Cindro N, Vidović N, Bregović N, Tomišić V. Protonation and anion-binding properties of aromatic sulfonylurea derivatives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23992-24000. [PMID: 35479025 PMCID: PMC9039416 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04738h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work the anion-binding properties of three aromatic sulfonylurea derivatives in acetonitrile and dimethyl sulfoxide were explored by means of NMR titrations. It was found that the studied receptors effectively bind anions of low basicity (Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3 - and HSO4 -). The stoichiometry of the complexes with receptors containing one binding site was 1 : 1 exclusively, whereas in the case of the receptor containing two sulfonylurea groups 1 : 2 (receptor : anion) complexes were also detected in some cases. The presence of strongly basic anions (acetate and dihydrogen phosphate) led to the deprotonation of the sulfonylurea moiety. This completely hindered its anion-binding properties in DMSO and only proton transfer occurred upon the addition of basic anions to the studied receptors. In MeCN, a complex system of equilibria including both ligand deprotonation and anion binding was established. Since ionisation of receptors was proven to be a decisive factor defining the behaviour of the sulfonylurea receptors, their pK a values were determined using several deprotonation agents in both solvents. The results were interpreted in the context of receptor structures and solvent properties and applied for the identification of the interactions with basic anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb Horvatovac 102/A 10000 Zagreb Croatia .,Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - N Cindro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb Horvatovac 102/A 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - N Vidović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb Horvatovac 102/A 10000 Zagreb Croatia .,Institute of Agriculture and Tourism K. Huguesa 8 52440 Poreč Croatia
| | - N Bregović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb Horvatovac 102/A 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - V Tomišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb Horvatovac 102/A 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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15
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Perera DN, Hewavitharana GG, Navaratne SB. Comprehensive Study on the Acrylamide Content of High Thermally Processed Foods. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6258508. [PMID: 33681355 PMCID: PMC7925045 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6258508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) formation in starch-based processed foods at elevated temperatures is a serious health issue as it is a toxic and carcinogenic substance. However, the formation of more AA entangles with modern-day fast food industries, and a considerable amount of this ingredient is being consumed by fast food eaters inadvertently throughout the world. This article reviews the factors responsible for AA formation pathways, investigation techniques of AA, toxicity, and health-related issues followed by mitigation methods that have been studied in the past few decades comprehensively. Predominantly, AA and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are produced via the Maillard reaction and can be highlighted as the major heat-induced toxins formulated in bread and bakery products. Epidemiological studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between AA accumulation in the body and the increased risk of cancers. The scientific community is still in a dearth of technology in producing AA-free starch-protein-fat-based thermally processed food products. Therefore, this paper may facilitate the food scientists to their endeavor in developing mitigation techniques pertaining to the formation of AA and HMF in baked foods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilini N. Perera
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Geeth G. Hewavitharana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - S. B. Navaratne
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
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16
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Assadi M, Jokar N, Ghasemi M, Nabipour I, Gholamrezanezhad A, Ahmadzadehfar H. Precision Medicine Approach in Prostate Cancer. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:3783-3798. [PMID: 32067601 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200218104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer and the second cause of death in men worldwide. Various diagnostic and treatment procedures are available for this type of malignancy, but High-grade or locally advanced prostate cancers showed the potential to develop to lethal phase that can be causing dead. Therefore, new approaches are needed to prolong patients' survival and to improve their quality of life. Precision medicine is a novel emerging field that plays an essential role in identifying new sub-classifications of diseases and in providing guidance in treatment that is based on individual multi-omics data. Multi-omics approaches include the use of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics and phenomics data to unravel the complexity of a disease-associated biological network, to predict prognostic biomarkers, and to identify new targeted drugs for individual cancer patients. We review the impact of multi-omics data in the framework of systems biology in the era of precision medicine, emphasising the combination of molecular imaging modalities with highthroughput techniques and the new treatments that target metabolic pathways involved in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Assadi
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Narges Jokar
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ghasemi
- Laboratory of Computational Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (CBB), Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Iraj Nabipour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ali Gholamrezanezhad
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1500 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, United States
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17
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A Critical Review of Analytical Methods for Comprehensive Characterization of Produced Water. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Produced water is the largest waste stream associated with oil and gas production. It has a complex matrix composed of native constituents from geologic formation, chemical additives from fracturing fluids, and ubiquitous bacteria. Characterization of produced water is critical to monitor field operation, control processes, evaluate appropriate management practices and treatment effectiveness, and assess potential risks to public health and environment during the use of treated water. There is a limited understanding of produced water composition due to the inherent complexity and lack of reliable and standardized analytical methods. A comprehensive description of current analytical techniques for produced water characterization, including both standard and research methods, is discussed in this review. Multi-tiered analytical procedures are proposed, including field sampling; sample preservation; pretreatment techniques; basic water quality measurements; organic, inorganic, and radioactive materials analysis; and biological characterization. The challenges, knowledge gaps, and research needs for developing advanced analytical methods for produced water characterization, including target and nontarget analyses of unknown chemicals, are discussed.
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Khamis MM, Adamko DJ, El-Aneed A. STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES IN METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE ABSOLUTE QUANTIFICATION OF ENDOGENOUS BIOMARKER METABOLITES USING LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:31-52. [PMID: 31617245 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a dynamically evolving field, with a major application in identifying biomarkers for drug development and personalized medicine. Numerous metabolomic studies have identified endogenous metabolites that, in principle, are eligible for translation to clinical practice. However, few metabolomic-derived biomarker candidates have been qualified by regulatory bodies for clinical applications. Such interruption in the biomarker qualification process can be largely attributed to various reasons including inappropriate study design and inadequate data to support the clinical utility of the biomarkers. In addition, the lack of robust assays for the routine quantification of candidate biomarkers has been suggested as a potential bottleneck in the biomarker qualification process. In fact, the nature of the endogenous metabolites precludes the application of the current validation guidelines for bioanalytical methods. As a result, there have been individual efforts in modifying existing guidelines and/or developing alternative approaches to facilitate method validation. In this review, three main challenges for method development and validation for endogenous metabolites are discussed, namely matrix effects evaluation, alternative analyte-free matrices, and the choice of internal standards (ISs). Some studies have modified the equations described by the European Medicines Agency for the evaluation of matrix effects. However, alternative strategies were also described; for instance, calibration curves can be generated in solvents and in biological samples and the slopes can be compared through ratios, relative standard deviation, or a modified Stufour suggested approaches while quantifying mainly endogenous metabolitesdent t-test. ISs, on the contrary, are diverse; in which seven different possible types, used in metabolomics-based studies, were identified in the literature. Each type has its advantages and limitations; however, isotope-labeled ISs and ISs created through isotope derivatization show superior performance. Finally, alternative matrices have been described and tested during method development and validation for the quantification of endogenous entities. These alternatives are discussed in detail, highlighting their advantages and shortcomings. The goal of this review is to compare, apprise, and debate current knowledge and practices in order to aid researchers and clinical scientists in developing robust assays needed during the qualification process of candidate metabolite biomarkers. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Khamis
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Darryl J Adamko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 103 Hospital Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
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Derivatization-based sample-multiplexing for enhancing throughput in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry quantification of metabolites: an overview. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461679. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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20
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David V, Moldoveanu SC, Galaon T. Derivatization procedures and their analytical performances for HPLC determination in bioanalysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5008. [PMID: 33084080 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Derivatization, or chemical structure modification, is often used in bioanalysis performed by liquid chromatography technique in order to enhance detectability or to improve the chromatographic performance for the target analytes. The derivatization process is discussed according to the analytical procedure used to achieve the reaction between the reagent and the target compounds (containing hydroxyl, thiol, amino, carbonyl and carboxyl as the main functional groups involved in derivatization). Important procedures for derivatization used in bioanalysis are in situ or based on extraction processes (liquid-liquid, solid-phase and related techniques) applied to the biomatrix. In the review, chiral, isotope-labeling, hydrophobicity-tailored and post-column derivatizations are also included, based on representative publications in the literature during the last two decades. Examples of derivatization reagents and brief reaction conditions are included, together with some bioanalytical applications and performances (chromatographic conditions, detection limit, stability and sample biomatrix).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Toma Galaon
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology - ECOIND, Bucharest-6, Romania
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Mojsak P, Rey-Stolle F, Parfieniuk E, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. The role of gut microbiota (GM) and GM-related metabolites in diabetes and obesity. A review of analytical methods used to measure GM-related metabolites in fecal samples with a focus on metabolites' derivatization step. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113617. [PMID: 32971497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of gut microbiota (GM) composition is increasingly related to the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases. Additionally, GM is responsible for the production and transformation of metabolites involved in the development of metabolic disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current state of knowledge regarding the composition of GM and GM-related metabolites in relation to the progress and development of obesity and T2DM is presented in this review. To understand the relationships between GM-related metabolites and the development of metabolic disorders, their accurate qualitative and quantitative measurement in biological samples is needed. Feces represent a valuable biological matrix which composition may reflect the health status of the lower gastrointestinal tract and the whole organism. Mass spectrometry (MS), mainly in combination with gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), is commonly used to measure fecal metabolites. However, profiling metabolites in such a complex matrix as feces is challenging from both analytical chemistry and biochemistry standpoints. Chemical derivatization is one of the most effective methods used to overcome these problems. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the derivatization methods of GM-related metabolites prior to GC-MS or LC-MS analysis, which have been published in the last five years (2015-2020). Additionally, analytical methods used for the analysis of GM-related metabolites without the derivatization step are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Mojsak
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Fernanda Rey-Stolle
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ewa Parfieniuk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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22
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Automated parallel derivatization of metabolites with SWATH-MS data acquisition for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1127:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Liquid chromatography-diode array-mass spectrometric analysis of amino and mercapto compounds coupled with chloroimino derivatization reagent. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1621:461078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chen J, Tian Y, Zhang YX, Xu FG. Chemoselective Probes Serving as Promising Derivatization Tools in Targeted Metabolomics Research. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41664-020-00125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Alexandrov T. Spatial Metabolomics and Imaging Mass Spectrometry in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2020; 3:61-87. [PMID: 34056560 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-011420-031537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Spatial metabolomics is an emerging field of omics research that has enabled localizing metabolites, lipids, and drugs in tissue sections, a feat considered impossible just two decades ago. Spatial metabolomics and its enabling technology-imaging mass spectrometry-generate big hyper-spectral imaging data that have motivated the development of tailored computational methods at the intersection of computational metabolomics and image analysis. Experimental and computational developments have recently opened doors to applications of spatial metabolomics in life sciences and biomedicine. At the same time, these advances have coincided with a rapid evolution in machine learning, deep learning, and artificial intelligence, which are transforming our everyday life and promise to revolutionize biology and healthcare. Here, we introduce spatial metabolomics through the eyes of a computational scientist, review the outstanding challenges, provide a look into the future, and discuss opportunities granted by the ongoing convergence of human and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Alexandrov
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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26
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Parallel derivatization strategy coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for broad coverage of steroid hormones. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1614:460709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Miniaturized liquid chromatography focusing on analytical columns and mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1103:11-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhao X, Zhu S, Liu H. Recent progresses of derivatization approaches in the targeted lipidomics analysis by mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:1838-1846. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian‐En Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Life‐organic Analysis of Shandong Province and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Natural Medicine Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu P.R. China
| | - Shuyun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Life‐organic Analysis of Shandong Province and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Natural Medicine Analysis, College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQufu Normal University Qufu P.R. China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking University Beijing P.R. China
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Analytical Method Development for Sodium Valproate through Chemical Derivatization. Int J Anal Chem 2020; 2020:5672183. [PMID: 32099545 PMCID: PMC7013335 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5672183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sodium valproate has anticonvulsant activity and is structurally different to conventional antiepileptic drugs. The problem with valproic acid is the lack of a chromophore, which means that gas chromatography is the sole assay methodology. The introduction of benzoyl and phenyl groups to the molecule is a useful derivatisation, which enables the creation of detectable chromophores for HPLC analysis for pharmaceutical dosages as well as biological systems. Methodology. Sodium valproate was derivatised by the addition of a chromophore to its structure by introducing a methyl benzoyl or a phenyl group. Trichlorophenol and 2-hydroxyacetophenone were used to introduce phenyl and benzoyl groups to valproic acid, respectively. The reaction used was estrification reaction using coupling agents. An analytical method was then developed and validated using reverse-phase HPLC. The method was validated for parameters like linearity, range, accuracy precision, and robustness. Results The developed method was easy and feasible and can be applied to both routine analysis and bioanalysis. The method was very sensitive and could quantify valproic acid at a very low concentration of 0.75 × 10−5 mg/ml. The developed method was found to be linear (R2 = 0.997), accurate, precise, and robust. Conclusion The proposed chemical derivatisation and the developed analytical method are novel. The developed analytical procedure is the first of its kind; it is easy and feasible and can be used to quantify and detect sodium valproate at very low concentrations compared to other available methods in the literature.
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Current trends in isotope‐coded derivatization liquid chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analyses with special emphasis on their biomedical application. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4756. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Lkhagva A, Shen CC, Leung YS, Tai HC. Comparative study of five different amine-derivatization methods for metabolite analyses by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1610:460536. [PMID: 31563299 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Current metabolomics research utilizes liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses to handle biological samples that contain thousands of quantifiable metabolites. However, no LC-MS/MS condition is suitable for directly analyzing all metabolites. An alternative approach is to derivatize metabolites to impart desirable properties such as better chromatographic separation, enhanced ionization efficiency, or fluorescence detection. An important category of metabolites is amine-containing compounds, which includes amino acids, neurotransmitters, alkaloids, biogenic amines, etc. Various derivatization methods have been developed for amine groups, but few studies have compared their relative strengths and weaknesses. We chose Dansyl-Cl, o-phthalaldehyde (OPA), Fmoc-Cl, Dabsyl-Cl, and Marfey's reagent to systematically compare their reactivity, absorbance, fluorescence, chromatographic separation, and ionization efficiencies under three pH conditions-2.6, 5.0, and 8.0. Their MS/MS fragmentation patterns were also examined under different collision energies. Overall, Dansyl-Cl is a very versatile derivatization method, generating products with fluorescence and high ionization efficiency. Fmoc-Cl is similarly useful under highly acidic chromatography conditions. Dabsyl-Cl may be a good alternative at weakly acidic and weakly basic conditions. OPA is a versatile fluorogenic reagent and its chemistry may be fine-tuned by incorporating different thiol molecules. Marfey's reagent is suboptimal in general, but its chiral property is useful for the separation of enantiomers. All five were applied to the analyses of Coptis chinensis, a Chinese medical herb, identifying hundreds of amine-containing metabolites through MS/MS analyses. None of the five methods is clearly superior, and their compound coverage profiles are rather distinct. A combination of multiple derivatization reagents is required for comprehensive coverage. Our comparative data provide useful guidelines for designing more efficient metabolomics experiments for different analytical goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankhbayar Lkhagva
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chieh Shen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shiuan Leung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwan-Ching Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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A simultaneously quantitative profiling method for 40 endogenous amino acids and derivatives in cell lines using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 207:120256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shen K, Wang L, He Q, Jin Z, Chen W, Sun C, Pan Y. Sensitive Bromine-Labeled Probe D-BPBr for Simultaneous Identification and Quantification of Chiral Amino Acids and Amino-Containing Metabolites Profiling in Human Biofluid by HPLC/MS. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1763-1769. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Quan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
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Luo YR, Han J, Yun C, Lynch KL. Azo coupling-based derivatization method for high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of tetrahydrocannabinol and other aromatic compounds. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1597:109-118. [PMID: 30910385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An azo coupling-based derivatization method is reported for high-sensitivity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantitation of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other aromatic compounds, i.e. phenols and amines. Through the azo coupling of a diazonium to an analyte, it produces a derivatized analyte which has enhanced ionization efficiency and results in high-response fragments in tandem mass spectrometry. The derivatization method was applied to six typical aromatic compounds using three different diazonium salts as derivatization reagents, demonstrating its applicability to a variety of analytes and reagents. The derivatization reaction can be directly carried out in neat samples, and after derivatization the samples can be immediately sent to the LC-MS/MS instrument for analysis. These advantages facilitate a one-step sample preparation procedure that can be completed in less than one hour, allowing for a "derivatize & shoot" lab workflow. The derivatization method was applied to establish an LC-MS/MS assay for the quantitation of THC in human breath samples. The derivatization conditions were studied in this application, including the effects of acidity, organic solvent, and diazonium concentration in the reaction. The THC derivatization assay was validated and achieved a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.50 pg/ml using either of the two regio-isomers of the azo-derivative of THC (THC-DRV). To prove that the derivatization method has compatibility with complex-matrix samples, a THC derivatization assay for serum samples was established, in which the azo coupling reaction was directly carried out in crude protein-precipitated supernatants. An LOQ of 5.0 pg/ml was achieved. In addition, excellent correlation between THC derivatization and non-derivatization assays was found in the analysis of whole blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Ruben Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jichun Han
- Applin Biotech Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cassandra Yun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kara L Lynch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, and Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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An extendable all-in-one injection twin derivatization LC-MS/MS strategy for the absolute quantification of multiple chemical-group-based submetabolomes. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1063:99-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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36
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Stable isotope labeling derivatization coupled with magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction for the determination of hydroxyl-containing cholesterol and metabolites by in vivo microdialysis and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1594:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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37
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Barišić D, Tomišić V, Bregović N. Acid-base properties of phosphoric and acetic acid in aprotic organic solvents - A complete thermodynamic characterisation. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1046:77-92. [PMID: 30482305 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge regarding the acid-base behaviour in non-aqueous media has remained relatively scarce in spite of its importance for many aspects of chemistry. The research presented in this work fills some of particularly important gaps in the corresponding thermodynamic data. We report on a detailed study of acid-base properties of dihydrogen phosphate and acetate in aprotic organic solvents (acetonitrile, dimethyl sulfoxide, and dimethylformamide). It was found that several processes, i.e. protonation, homoassociation, and dimerisation play important roles in defining the basicity of these widely important anions. In the case of dihydrogen phosphate, formation of higher homoassociates (two anions, one acid molecule and vice versa) was detected, whereas acetate formed only simple homoassociates of 1:1 stoichiometry. The dimerisation of dihydrogen phosphate and acetic acid were confirmed to be important processes as well. The thermodynamics of the above mentioned reactions was characterised in detail by means of various experimental methods: ITC, spectrophotometry, NMR-spectroscopy, and conductometry. Reliable equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic reaction functions were determined. The obtained results were discussed in terms of hydrogen bonding potential of the anions and their conjugated acids, as well as solvent properties, i.e. their ability to solvate the species involved in the studied processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Barišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia; Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - V Tomišić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - N Bregović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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38
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Wang P, Ng QX, Zhang H, Zhang B, Ong CN, He Y. Metabolite changes behind faster growth and less reproduction of Daphnia similis exposed to low-dose silver nanoparticles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:266-273. [PMID: 30056340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With increasing presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into the environment, the chronic and low-dose effects of AgNPs are of vital concern. This study evaluated chronic physiological effects of AgNPs on Daphnia similis, which were exposed to two ambient encountered concentrations (0.02 and 1 ppb) of AgNPs for 21 days. It was observed that the low-dose AgNPs stimulated a significant increase in average length/dry mass, but inhibited reproduction compared to control specimens. Non-targeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-QTOFMS-MS) and gas chromatograph-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (GC-QTOF-MS) were utilized to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of these responses. Forty one metabolites were identified, including 18 significantly-changed metabolites, suggesting up regulation in protein digestion and absorption (amino acids, such as isoleucine, tryptophan, lysine, leucine, valine, aspartic acid, threonine, tyrosine) and down regulation of lipid related metabolism (fatty acids, such as arachidonic acid, stearidonic acid, linoelaidic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid) were key events in these responses. The increase in these amino acid contents explains the accelerated growth of D. similis from the metabolic pathway of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. Down regulation of fatty acid contents corresponds to the observed drop in the reproduction rate considering the fatty acid biological enzymatic reaction pathways. Significant changes in metabolites provided a renewed mechanistic understanding of low concentration chronic toxicity of AgNP toxicity on D. similis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 88 Anning Road, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qin Xiang Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Hui Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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39
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Garg N, Conway LP, Ballet C, Correia MSP, Olsson FKS, Vujasinovic M, Löhr J, Globisch D. Chemoselective Probe Containing a Unique Bioorthogonal Cleavage Site for Investigation of Gut Microbiota Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13805-13809. [PMID: 30168889 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Garg
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Louis P. Conway
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Caroline Ballet
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mario S. P. Correia
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Frida K. S. Olsson
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology (CLINTEC) and Department for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - J.‐Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology (CLINTEC) and Department for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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40
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Gornischeff A, Liigand J, Rebane R. A systematic approach toward comparing electrospray ionization efficiencies of derivatized and non-derivatized amino acids and biogenic amines. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:997-1004. [PMID: 30019444 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionization efficiency (IE) in mass spectrometry (MS) has been studied for many different compounds, and different IE scales have been constructed in order to quantitatively characterize IE. In the case of MS, derivatization has been used to increase the sensitivity of the method and to lower the limits of detection. However, the influence of derivatization on IE across different compounds and different derivatization reagents has not been thoroughly researched, so that practitioners do not have information on the IE-enhancing abilities of different derivatization reagents. Moreover, measuring IE via direct infusion of compounds cannot be considered fully adequate. Since derivatized compounds are in complex mixtures, a chromatographic method is needed to separate these compounds to minimize potential matrix effects. In this work, an IE measurement system with a chromatographic column was developed for mainly amino acids and some biogenic amines. IE measurements with liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI/MS) were carried out, and IE scales were constructed with a calibration curve for compounds with and without derivatization reagent diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate. Additionally, eluent composition effects on ionization were investigated. Results showed that derivatization increases IE for most of the compounds (by average 0.9 and up to 2-2.5 logIE units) and derivatized compounds have more similar logIE values than without derivatization. Mobile phase composition effects on ionization efficiencies were negligible. It was also noted that the use of chromatographic separation instead of flow injection mode slightly increases IE. In this work, for the first time, IE enhancement of derivatization reagents was quantified under real LC/ESI/MS conditions and obtained logIE values of derivatized compounds were linked with the existing scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Gornischeff
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Liigand
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riin Rebane
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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41
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Garg N, Conway LP, Ballet C, Correia MSP, Olsson FKS, Vujasinovic M, Löhr J, Globisch D. Chemoselective Probe Containing a Unique Bioorthogonal Cleavage Site for Investigation of Gut Microbiota Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Garg
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Louis P. Conway
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Caroline Ballet
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Mario S. P. Correia
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Frida K. S. Olsson
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Miroslav Vujasinovic
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology (CLINTEC) and Department for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - J.‐Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical ScienceIntervention and Technology (CLINTEC) and Department for Digestive DiseasesKarolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Daniel Globisch
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryScience for Life LaboratoryUppsala University Box 574 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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42
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De Vijlder T, Valkenborg D, Lemière F, Romijn EP, Laukens K, Cuyckens F. A tutorial in small molecule identification via electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry: The practical art of structural elucidation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:607-629. [PMID: 29120505 PMCID: PMC6099382 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification of unknown molecules has been one of the cornerstone applications of mass spectrometry for decades. This tutorial reviews the basics of the interpretation of electrospray ionization-based MS and MS/MS spectra in order to identify small-molecule analytes (typically below 2000 Da). Most of what is discussed in this tutorial also applies to other atmospheric pressure ionization methods like atmospheric pressure chemical/photoionization. We focus primarily on the fundamental steps of MS-based structural elucidation of individual unknown compounds, rather than describing strategies for large-scale identification in complex samples. We critically discuss topics like the detection of protonated and deprotonated ions ([M + H]+ and [M - H]- ) as well as other adduct ions, the determination of the molecular formula, and provide some basic rules on the interpretation of product ion spectra. Our tutorial focuses primarily on the fundamental steps of MS-based structural elucidation of individual unknown compounds (eg, contaminants in chemical production, pharmacological alteration of drugs), rather than describing strategies for large-scale identification in complex samples. This tutorial also discusses strategies to obtain useful orthogonal information (UV/Vis, H/D exchange, chemical derivatization, etc) and offers an overview of the different informatics tools and approaches that can be used for structural elucidation of small molecules. It is primarily intended for beginning mass spectrometrists and researchers from other mass spectrometry sub-disciplines that want to get acquainted with structural elucidation are interested in some practical tips and tricks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas De Vijlder
- Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences (PDMS)Janssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
| | - Dirk Valkenborg
- Interuniversity Institute for Biostatistics and Statistical BioinformaticsHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- Center for Proteomics (CFP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO)MolBelgium
| | - Filip Lemière
- Center for Proteomics (CFP)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Department of Chemistry, Biomolecular and Analytical Mass SpectrometryUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Edwin P. Romijn
- Pharmaceutical Development & Manufacturing Sciences (PDMS)Janssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Advanced Database Research and Modelling (ADReM)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Biomedical Informatics Network Antwerp (Biomina)University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics & MetabolismJanssen Research & DevelopmentBeerseBelgium
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43
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Khamis MM, Klemm N, Adamko DJ, El-Aneed A. Comparison of accuracy and precision between multipoint calibration, single point calibration, and relative quantification for targeted metabolomic analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5899-5913. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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44
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Qin X, Wang X. Quantification of nucleotides and their sugar conjugates in biological samples: Purposes, instruments and applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 158:280-287. [PMID: 29902692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotides and their sugar conjugates are fundamental molecules in life, participating in processes of DNA/RNA composition, cell wall build-up, glycosylation reactions, and signal conduction. Therefore, the quantification of these compounds in biological samples significantly benefits the understanding of their functions. However, nucleotides and nucleotide sugars are extremely hydrophilic, causing bad retention and peak symmetry on regular C18 chromatographic columns. To solve this problem, ion-pair (IP) chromatography, ion-exchange (IE) chromatography and hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) were applied, of which differentiated mechanisms were utilized to increase the retention of the analytes on the stationary phases. IP-HPLC and HILIC were convenient for coupling with many kinds of detectors (ultraviolet, UV or mass spectrometry, MS). Combining these two kinds of techniques, the advantages of better separation and retention were increased, while disadvantages like irreversible adsorption by stationary phases were greatly decreased. Due to the high concentrations of nonvolatile buffer salts used, IE-HPLC was not suitable for MS detectors. Protein precipitation and solid phase extraction were the common methods for sample treatment in the analysis of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars. By carefully optimizing the LCUV or LCMS conditions, high sensitivities could be achieved, and the methods could be applied to the analysis of many kinds of biological samples (cells, tissues, plants, bacteria, etc.). Developing new analyzing techniques may help the utilization of nucleotides and nucleotide sugars in the diagnosis and therapy of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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45
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Teasdale A, Elder DP. Analytical control strategies for mutagenic impurities: Current challenges and future opportunities? Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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46
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Longo E, Rossetti F, Scampicchio M, Boselli E. Isotopic Exchange HPLC-HRMS/MS Applied to Cyclic Proanthocyanidins in Wine and Cranberries. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:663-674. [PMID: 29330778 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic B-type proanthocyanidins in red wines and grapes have been discovered recently. However, proanthocyanidins of a different chemical structure (non-cyclic A-type proanthocyanidins) already known to be present in cranberries and wine possess an identical theoretical mass. As a matter of fact, the retention times and the MS/MS fragmentations found for the proposed novel cyclic B-type tetrameric proanthocyanidin in red wine and the known tetrameric proanthocyanidin in a cranberry extract are herein shown to be identical. Thus, hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange was applied to HPLC-HRMS/MS to confirm the actual chemical structure of the new oligomeric proanthocyanidins. The comparison of the results in water and deuterium oxide and between wine and cranberry extract indicates that the cyclic B-type tetrameric proanthocyanidin is the actual constituent of the recently proposed novel tetrameric species ([C60H49O24]+, m/z 1153.2608). Surprisingly, the same compound was also identified as the main tetrameric proanthocyanidin in cranberries. Finally, a totally new cyclic B-type hexameric proanthocyanidin ([C90H73O36]+, m/z 1729.3876) belonging to this novel class was identified for the first time in red wine. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Longo
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Rossetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Emanuele Boselli
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
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47
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Wang Z, Wang C. Preliminary Characterization of the Composition and Phenolic Fragmentation of Olive Byproducts by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1379086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Biomass Energy and Material, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of the Biomass Energy and Material, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
- Institute of New Technology of Forestry, CAF, Beijing, China
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48
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Jiang R, Jiao Y, Zhang P, Liu Y, Wang X, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Xu F. Twin Derivatization Strategy for High-Coverage Quantification of Free Fatty Acids by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12223-12230. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu Jiao
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry
of Education, ‡State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, and §Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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49
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A New Derivatization Reagent for HPLC-MS Analysis of Biological Organic Acids. Chromatographia 2017; 80:1723-1732. [PMID: 29213145 PMCID: PMC5698372 DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Small molecules containing carboxylic acid functional groups are ubiquitous throughout biology, playing vital roles in biological chemistry ranging from energy metabolism to cellular signaling. This paper describes a new derivatization reagent, 4-bromo-N-methylbenzylamine, which was selected for its potential to derivatize mono-, di- and tri-carboxylic acids, such as the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. This derivatization procedure facilitated the use of positive electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection of derivatized species allowing for clear identification thanks to the easily recognizable isotope pattern of the incorporated bromine. A liquid chromatography (LC)-MS/MS method was developed which provided limits of detection between 0.2 and 44 μg L−1 in under 6 min, depending on the analyte and total analysis time. This method was successfully applied in both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Khamis MM, Adamko DJ, El-Aneed A. Development of a validated LC- MS/MS method for the quantification of 19 endogenous asthma/COPD potential urinary biomarkers. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 989:45-58. [PMID: 28915942 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive airways inflammatory diseases sometimes show overlapping symptoms that hinder their early and correct diagnosis. Current clinical tests are tedious and are of inadequate specificity in special population such as the elderly and children. Therefore, we are developing tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) methods for targeted analysis of urine biomarkers. Recently, proton-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis proposed 50 urinary metabolites as potential diagnostic biomarkers among asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Metabolites are divided into 3 groups based on chemical nature. For group 1 (amines and phenols, 19 urinary metabolites), we developed and validated a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC)-MS/MS method using differential isotope labeling (DIL) with dansyl chloride. Method development included the optimization of the derivatization reaction, the MS/MS conditions, and the chromatographic separation. Linearity varied from 2 to 4800 ng/mL and the use of 13C2-labeled derivatives allowed for the correction of matrix effects as well as the unambiguous confirmation of the identity of each metabolite in the presence of interfering isomers in urine. Despite the challenges associated with method validation, the method was fully validated as per the food and drug administration (FDA) and the European medicines agency (EMA) recommendations. Validation criteria included linearity, precision, accuracy, dilution integrity, selectivity, carryover, and stability. Challenges in selectivity experiments included the isotopic contributions of the analyte towards its internal standard (IS), that was addressed via the optimization of the IS concentration. In addition, incurred sample analysis was performed to ensure that results from patient samples are accurate and reliable. The method was robust and reproducible and is currently being applied in a cohort of asthma and COPD patient urine samples for biomarker discovery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Khamis
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Darryl J Adamko
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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