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Lamichhane P, Tariq A, Akhtar AN, Raza M, Lamsal AB, Agrawal A. Risk of Parkinson's disease among users of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3409-3415. [PMID: 38846867 PMCID: PMC11152853 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have tried to establish an association between the use of alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonists (A1ARAs) used in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the risk of PD. The objective of the study is to compare the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) between terazosin/alfuzosin/doxazosin (TZ/AZ/DZ) users and tamsulosin users. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase were systematically searched from inception to April 2023. Observational studies comparing the risk of PD among patients using different types of A1ARAs were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome was the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% CI for the risk of occurrence of PD among A1ARAs users of two different classes. Results This study was based on a total of 678 433 BPH patients, out of which 287 080 patients belonged to the TZ/AZ/DZ cohort and 391 353 patients belonged to the tamsulosin cohort. The pooled incidence of PD was higher in tamsulosin users (1.28%, 95% CI: 1.04-1.55%) than in TZ/AZ/DZ drug users (1.11%, 95% CI: 0.83-1.42%). The risk of occurrence of PD was significantly lower in patients taking TZ/AZ/DZ than tamsulosin (n= 610,363, HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71-0.94, P = 0.01; I2 = 87.4%). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that patients with BPH who take TZ/AZ/DZ have a lower risk for developing PD than those who take tamsulosin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alina Tariq
- Larkin Community Hospital Global Research Program, Miami, FL
| | | | | | | | - Anushka Agrawal
- Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
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2
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Park M, Lee YG. Association of Family History and Polygenic Risk Score With Longitudinal Prognosis in Parkinson Disease. Neurol Genet 2024; 10:e200115. [PMID: 38169864 PMCID: PMC10759146 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Evidence suggests that either family history or polygenic risk score (PRS) is associated with developing Parkinson disease (PD). However, little is known about the longitudinal prognosis of PD according to family history and higher PRS. Methods From the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database, 395 patients with PD who followed up for more than 2 years were grouped into those with family history within first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree relatives (N = 127 [32.2%]) vs those without (N = 268 [67.8%]). The PRS of 386 patients was computed using whole-genome sequencing data. Longitudinal assessment of motor, cognition, and imaging based on dopaminergic degeneration was conducted during the regular follow-up period. Effects of family history, PRS, or both on longitudinal changes of cognition, motor severity, and nigrostriatal degeneration were tested using a linear mixed model. The risk of freezing of gait (FOG) according to family history was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Results During a median follow-up of 9.1 years, PD with positive family history showed a slower decline of caudate dopamine transporter uptake (β estimate of family history × time = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.002-0.036, p = 0.027). Family history of PD and higher PRS were independently associated with a slower decline of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (β estimate of family history × time = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.02-0.22, p = 0.017; β estimate of PRS × time = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03-0.16, p = 0.006). In those 364 patients without FOG at baseline, PD with positive family history had a lower risk of FOG (hazard ratio of family history = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.84, p = 0.005). Discussion Having a family history of PD predicts slower progression of cognitive decline and caudate dopaminergic degeneration, and less FOG compared with those without a family history independent of PRS. Taken together, information on family history could be used as a proxy for the clinical heterogeneity of PD. Trial Registration Information The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01141023), and the enrollment began June 1, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincheol Park
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P.), Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Y.L.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Gun Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P.), Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Y.L.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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3
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Payami H, Cohen G, Murchison CF, Sampson TR, Standaert DG, Wallen ZD. Population fraction of Parkinson's disease attributable to preventable risk factors. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.19.23290231. [PMID: 37292848 PMCID: PMC10246145 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.23290231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the fastest growing neurologic disease with seemingly no means for prevention. Intrinsic risk factors (age, sex, genetics) are inescapable, but environmental factors are not. We studied population attributable fraction and estimated fraction of PD that could be reduced if modifiable risk factors were eliminated. Assessing several known risk factors simultaneously in one study, we demonstrate that all were operative and independent, underscoring etiological heterogeneity within a single population. We investigated repeated blows to head in sports or combat as a potential new risk factor, and found it was associated with two-fold increased risk of PD. Considering modifiable risk factors, 23% of PD cases in females were attributable to pesticides/herbicides exposure, and 30% of PD cases in males was attributable to pesticides/herbicides, Agent Orange/chemical warfare, and repeated blows to the head. Thus, one-in-three cases of PD in males, and one-in-four cases in females could have potentially been prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydeh Payami
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Cohen
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Charles F Murchison
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Timothy R Sampson
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30329, USA
| | - David G Standaert
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Zachary D Wallen
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
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4
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Transcriptomic analysis reveals an association of FCGBP with Parkinson’s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:157. [DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00415-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTranscriptomics in Parkinson’s disease (PD) offers new insights into the molecular mechanism of PD pathogenesis. Several pathways, such as inflammation and protein degradation, have been identified by differential gene expression analysis. Our aim was to identify gene expression differences underlying the disease etiology and the discovery of pre-symptomatic risk biomarkers for PD from a multicenter study in the context of the PROPAG-AGEING project. We performed RNA sequencing from 47 patients with de novo PD, 10 centenarians, and 65 healthy controls. Using identified differentially expressed genes, functional annotations were assigned using gene ontology to unveil significant enriched biological processes. The expression of 16 selected genes was validated using OpenArray® assays and samples from independent cohorts of 201 patients with advanced PD, 340 healthy siblings of PD patients, and 177 healthy controls. Differential gene expression analysis identified higher FCGBP expression in patients with de novo PD compared with healthy controls and compared with centenarians. Furthermore, FCGBP showed no differences in terms of population origin or aging process. The increased FCGBP expression was validated in patients with advanced PD and their siblings. Thus, we provided evidence for an upregulation of FCGBP mRNA levels not only in patients with PD but also in individuals at putative higher risk of PD, suggesting that it could be important in gut–brain PD interaction, mediating the connection between microbiota and intestinal inflammatory processes, as well as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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5
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Reichmann H, Csoti I, Koschel J, Lorenzl S, Schrader C, Winkler J, Wüllner U. Life style and Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:1235-1245. [PMID: 35606622 PMCID: PMC9463300 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The question whether life style may impair the advent or course of the disease in patients with Parkinsonism is of great importance for patients and physicians alike. We present here comprehensive information on the influence of the environment, diet (especially caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, chocolate and dairy products), physical activity and sleep on risk and course of Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ilona Csoti
- Fachklinik für Parkinson, Gertrudis Klinik Biskirchen, Karl-Ferdinand-Broll-Straße 2-4, 35638, Leun-Biskirchen, Germany
| | - Jiri Koschel
- Parkinson-Klinik, Ortenau GmbH & Co. KG, Kreuzbergstraße 12-16, 77709, Wolfach, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorenzl
- Neurologie und Palliative Care, Krankenhaus Agatharied, Norbert-Kerkel-Platz, 83734, Hausham, Germany
| | - Christoph Schrader
- Neurologische Klinik mit Klinischer Neurophysiologie OE 7210, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Juergen Winkler
- Zentrum für Bewegungserkrankungen, Molekulare Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Bonn and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
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6
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Baldelli L, Schade S, Jesús S, Schreglmann SR, Sambati L, Gómez-Garre P, Halsband C, Calandra-Buonaura G, Adarmes-Gómez AD, Sixel-Döring F, Zenesini C, Pirazzini C, Garagnani P, Bacalini MG, Bhatia KP, Cortelli P, Mollenhauer B, Franceschi C, Mir P, Trenkwalder C, Provini F. Heterogeneity of prodromal Parkinson symptoms in siblings of Parkinson disease patients. NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 7:78. [PMID: 34493736 PMCID: PMC8423761 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD) may precede motor manifestations by decades. PD patients' siblings are at higher risk for PD, but the prevalence and distribution of prodromal symptoms are unknown. The study objectives were (1) to assess motor and non-motor features estimating prodromal PD probability in PD siblings recruited within the European PROPAG-AGEING project; (2) to compare motor and non-motor symptoms to the well-established DeNoPa cohort. 340 PD siblings from three sites (Bologna, Seville, Kassel/Goettingen) underwent clinical and neurological evaluations of PD markers. The German part of the cohort was compared with German de novo PD patients (dnPDs) and healthy controls (CTRs) from DeNoPa. Fifteen (4.4%) siblings presented with subtle signs of motor impairment, with MDS-UPDRS-III scores not clinically different from CTRs. Symptoms of orthostatic hypotension were present in 47 siblings (13.8%), no different to CTRs (p = 0.072). No differences were found for olfaction and overall cognition; German-siblings performed worse than CTRs in visuospatial-executive and language tasks. 3/147 siblings had video-polysomnography-confirmed REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), none was positive on the RBD Screening Questionnaire. 173/300 siblings had <1% probability of having prodromal PD; 100 between 1 and 10%, 26 siblings between 10 and 80%, one fulfilled the criteria for prodromal PD. According to the current analysis, we cannot confirm the increased risk of PD siblings for prodromal PD. Siblings showed a heterogeneous distribution of prodromal PD markers and probability. Additional parameters, including strong disease markers, should be investigated to verify if these results depend on validity and sensitivity of prodromal PD criteria, or if siblings' risk is not elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Baldelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sebastian Schade
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Jesús
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Luisa Sambati
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pilar Gómez-Garre
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
| | - Claire Halsband
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Astrid Daniela Adarmes-Gómez
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
| | - Friederike Sixel-Döring
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.,Neurologische Klinik, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corrado Zenesini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Kailash P Bhatia
- University College London (UCL), Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Pablo Mir
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
| | - Claudia Trenkwalder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Federica Provini
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DiBiNeM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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7
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Choi SM, Cho SH, Kang KW, Kim JM, Kim BC. Family history of hand tremor in patients with early Parkinson's disease. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 90:161-164. [PMID: 34275543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Some patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) report hand tremors in their relatives. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of early PD in patients with and without a family history of hand tremor. This study included 337 early and drug-naïve patients with PD. The family history of hand tremor was obtained from the patients and their caregivers. Motor and non-motor symptoms of PD were assessed using the appropriate scales. A family history of hand tremor was present in 27 of 337 patients with PD (8.0%). Patients with a family history of hand tremor had significantly higher scores for rest tremors than those without. No significant differences were found in action tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, gait, or posture scores between the two groups. The proportion of tremor-dominant subtypes was higher in patients with a family history of hand tremor than in those without (51.8% vs. 28.7%). Patients with PD, with a family history of hand tremor, had significantly lower scores in the urinary and sexual subdomains of the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale for PD than in those without. A family history of hand tremor affects the motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with early PD. It is necessary to investigate the family history of hand tremor in patients with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Choi
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; National Research Center for Dementia, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Cho
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyung Wook Kang
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Myung Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea; National Research Center for Dementia, Gwangju, South Korea.
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8
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Kanaya Y, Kume K, Morino H, Ohsawa R, Kurashige T, Kamada M, Torii T, Izumi Y, Maruyama H, Kawakami H. Analysis of genetic risk factors in Japanese patients with Parkinson's disease. J Hum Genet 2021; 66:957-964. [PMID: 33742109 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-00910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Notably, genetic risk factors vary according to ethnicity and geographical regions, and few studies have analyzed the frequency of PD causative genes in Japanese patients. Therefore, we performed genetic analyses of Japanese patients with PD. We recruited 221 participants, including 26 patients with familial PD. Genetic risk factors were evaluated by target sequencing and gene dosage analysis. We detected the genetic risk factors in 58 cases (26.2%) and classified patients into three groups to clarify the differences in genetic risk factors by age at onset (AAO). The early-onset group (AAO < 50 years) included 18 cases (44.7%), who tended to have a larger number of genetic risk factors than the later-onset groups. Regarding the AAO for each causative gene, patients with PRKN variants were significantly younger at onset than those bearing LRRK2 variants. LRRK2 variants showed similar frequency in each AAO group. Of note, we identified two novel variants. Patients with early-onset PD have more genetic risk factors than patients with late-onset PD. In Japanese patients with PD, PRKN, and LRRK2 were the major PD-related genes. Particularly, LRRK2 was a common genetic factor in all age groups because of the presence of the Asian-specific variant such as LRRK2 p.G2385R. Accumulation of genetic and clinical data can contribute to the development of treatments for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Kanaya
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kodai Kume
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morino
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Ohsawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | - Masaki Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology & Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Torii
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Kure, Japan
| | - Yuishin Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Maruyama
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideshi Kawakami
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Torti M, Fossati C, Casali M, De Pandis MF, Grassini P, Radicati FG, Stirpe P, Vacca L, Iavicoli I, Leso V, Ceppi M, Bruzzone M, Bonassi S, Stocchi F. Effect of family history, occupation and diet on the risk of Parkinson disease: A case-control study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243612. [PMID: 33332388 PMCID: PMC7746265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is still very controversial, with a peculiar lack of established risk factors or protective behavior. METHODS We carried out a case-control study of 634 idiopathic PD patients admitted from 2011 to 2015 to two hospitals located in central Italy and 532 controls matched by hospital, gender and age (± 5 years). The study questionnaire included questions on host factors, family history, residence, occupation and lifestyle. Odds ratios (ORs) for PD and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with logistic regression, adjusting for actual and potential confounders. RESULTS A lower OR was observed in females (0.74; 95%CI:0.58-0.96), while older age classes showed a constantly increased risk for PD (p<0.005) starting from the class 65-69 years. Subjects who reported a first degree relative affected by PD showed a borderline increase which was more evident in those enrolled in the urban center of Rome (OR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.09-2.50). Significant reduction of the risk was associated to current smoking (OR = 0.48; 95%CI: 0.24-0.54), and to vegetables consumption (p<0.03), while borderline increases were associated to meat and cold cut consumption. Occupational activities classified according to ISCO-08 categories did not show increased risk, while higher ORs' were found for pilots and physicians. CONCLUSIONS The results from this study confirmed the higher risk of PD in males and in elderly, and the inverse association with smoking habit. The possible etiological role of familial clustering, dietary habit, and some job tasks is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Torti
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Casali
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Grassini
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Giada Radicati
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Stirpe
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vacca
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Iavicoli
- Department of Public Health University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Veruscka Leso
- Department of Public Health University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcello Ceppi
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Bruzzone
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute for Research and Medical Care, San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- San Raffaele Pisana Institute for Research and Medical Care, Clinical Trial Center, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
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10
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Ojo OO, Abubakar SA, Iwuozo EU, Nwazor EO, Ekenze OS, Farombi TH, Akinyemi RO, Williams UE, Bello AH, Wahab KW, Iyagba AM, Arigbodi O, Erameh CO, Komolafe MA, Fawale MB, Onwuegbuzie GA, Obiabo YO, Taiwo FT, Agu CE, Ekeh BC, Osaigbovo GO, Achoru CO, Arabambi B, Adeniji O, Nwani PO, Nwosu CM, Ademiluyi BA, Oyakhire SI, Nyandaiti Y, Rabiu M, Chapp-Jumbo EN, Balarabe SA, Otubogun FM, Obehighe EE, Kehinde AJ, Ani-Osheku I, Imarhiagbe FA, Dike FO, Adebowale AA, Agabi OP, Akpekpe JE, Ali MW, Odeniyi OA, Odiase FE, Abiodun OV, Olowoyo P, Osemwegie N, Oshinaike OO, Owolabi LF, Zubair YA, Rizig M, Okubadejo NU. The Nigeria Parkinson Disease Registry: Process, Profile, and Prospects of a Collaborative Project. Mov Disord 2020; 35:1315-1322. [PMID: 32557840 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical disease registries are useful for quality improvement in care, benchmarking standards, and facilitating research. Collaborative networks established thence can enhance national and international studies by generating more robust samples and credible data and promote knowledge sharing and capacity building. This report describes the methodology, baseline data, and prospects of the Nigeria Parkinson Disease Registry. METHODS This national registry was established in November 2016. Ethics approval was obtained for all sites. Basic anonymized data for consecutive cases fulfilling the United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Brain Bank criteria (except the exclusion criterion of affected family members) are registered by participating neurologists via a secure registry website (www.parkinsonnigeria.com) using a minimal common data capture format. RESULTS The registry had captured 578 participants from 5 of 6 geopolitical zones in Nigeria by July 2019 (72.5% men). Mean age at onset was 60.3 ± 10.7 years; median disease duration (interquartile range) was 36 months (18-60.5 months). Young-onset disease (<50 years) represented 15.2%. A family history was documented in 4.5% and 7.8% with age at onset <50 and ≥ 50, respectively. The most frequent initial symptom was tremor (45.3%). At inclusion, 93.4% were on treatment (54.5% on levodopa monotherapy). Per-capita direct cost for the registry was $3.37. CONCLUSIONS This is the first published national Parkinson's disease registry in sub-Saharan Africa. The registry will serve as a platform for development of multipronged evidence-based policies and initiatives to improve quality of care of Parkinson's disease and research engagement in Nigeria. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadamilola O Ojo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.,Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sani A Abubakar
- Department of Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University/ Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel U Iwuozo
- Neurology Unit, Benue State University/Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | - Ernest O Nwazor
- Department of Medicine, Federal Medical Center, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria/ College of Medical Sciences, Madonna University, Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Oluchi S Ekenze
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nigeria/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Temitope H Farombi
- Chief Tony Anenih Geriatrics Center, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O Akinyemi
- Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Uduak E Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Calabar/University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Cross Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Abiodun H Bello
- University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Kolawole W Wahab
- Department of Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Alagoma M Iyagba
- University of Port Harcourt and University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Ohwotemu Arigbodi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
| | | | - Morenikeji A Komolafe
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/ Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Michael B Fawale
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/ Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Gerald A Onwuegbuzie
- University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya O Obiabo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Delta State University/ Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
| | | | - Christian E Agu
- Alex Ekwueme Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Bertha C Ekeh
- University of Uyo Teaching Hospital/ Ibom Specialist Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Babawale Arabambi
- Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | | | - Paul O Nwani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Cosmas M Nwosu
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | | | - Shyngle I Oyakhire
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Yakub Nyandaiti
- University of Maiduguri/ University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Musbahu Rabiu
- Muritala Muhammed Specialist Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | | | - Salisu A Balarabe
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University/Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Folajimi M Otubogun
- University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospitals Complex, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Abiodun J Kehinde
- Federal Medical Center, Jabi, Federal capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ifeyinwa Ani-Osheku
- Asokoro District Hospital, Asokoro, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Frank A Imarhiagbe
- University of Benin/ University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Franklin O Dike
- University of Uyo Teaching Hospital/ Ibom Specialist Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Akintunde A Adebowale
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University/ Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Osigwe P Agabi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Francis E Odiase
- University of Benin/ University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Paul Olowoyo
- Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido-Ekiti / Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Nosakhare Osemwegie
- University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Olajumoke O Oshinaike
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Lukman F Owolabi
- Department of Medicine, Bayero University /Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Kano State, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf A Zubair
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Hospital, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Mie Rizig
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Njideka U Okubadejo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.,Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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11
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Ferreira C, Almeida C, Tenreiro S, Quintas A. Neuroprotection or Neurotoxicity of Illicit Drugs on Parkinson's Disease. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10060086. [PMID: 32545328 PMCID: PMC7344445 DOI: 10.3390/life10060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is currently the most rapid growing neurodegenerative disease and over the past generation, its global burden has more than doubled. The onset of PD can arise due to environmental, sporadic or genetic factors. Nevertheless, most PD cases have an unknown etiology. Chemicals, such as the anthropogenic pollutant 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and amphetamine-type stimulants, have been associated with the onset of PD. Conversely, cannabinoids have been associated with the treatment of the symptoms'. PD and medical cannabis is currently under the spotlight, and research to find its benefits on PD is on-going worldwide. However, the described clinical applications and safety of pharmacotherapy with cannabis products are yet to be fully supported by scientific evidence. Furthermore, the novel psychoactive substances are currently a popular alternative to classical drugs of abuse, representing an unknown health hazard for young adults who may develop PD later in their lifetime. This review addresses the neurotoxic and neuroprotective impact of illicit substance consumption in PD, presenting clinical evidence and molecular and cellular mechanisms of this association. This research area is utterly important for contemporary society since illicit drugs' legalization is under discussion which may have consequences both for the onset of PD and for the treatment of its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreira
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine of Porto University, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, P-4200–319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Almeida
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
| | - Sandra Tenreiro
- CEDOC–Chronic Diseases Research Center, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, P-1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Alexandre Quintas
- Molecular Pathology and Forensic Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal; (C.F.); (C.A.)
- Laboratório de Ciências Forenses e Psicológicas Egas Moniz, Campus Universitário–Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, P-2825-084 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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12
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Juul-Madsen K, Qvist P, Bendtsen KL, Langkilde AE, Vestergaard B, Howard KA, Dehesa-Etxebeste M, Paludan SR, Andersen GR, Jensen PH, Otzen DE, Romero-Ramos M, Vorup-Jensen T. Size-Selective Phagocytic Clearance of Fibrillar α-Synuclein through Conformational Activation of Complement Receptor 4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:1345-1361. [PMID: 31969389 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSN) is an important histological feature of Parkinson disease. Recent studies showed that the release of misfolded αSN from human and rodent neurons is relevant to the progression and spread of αSN pathology. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms responsible for clearance of extracellular αSN. This study found that human complement receptor (CR) 4 selectively bound fibrillar αSN, but not monomeric species. αSN is an abundant protein in the CNS, which potentially could overwhelm clearance of cytotoxic αSN species. The selectivity of CR4 toward binding fibrillar αSN consequently adds an important αSN receptor function for maintenance of brain homeostasis. Based on the recently solved structures of αSN fibrils and the known ligand preference of CR4, we hypothesize that the parallel monomer stacking in fibrillar αSN creates a known danger-associated molecular pattern of stretches of anionic side chains strongly bound by CR4. Conformational change in the receptor regulated tightly clearance of fibrillar αSN by human monocytes. The induced change coupled concomitantly with phagolysosome formation. Data mining of the brain transcriptome in Parkinson disease patients supported CR4 as an active αSN clearance mechanism in this disease. Our results associate an important part of the innate immune system, namely complement receptors, with the central molecular mechanisms of CNS protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Juul-Madsen
- Biophysical Immunology Laboratory, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Per Qvist
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,iSEQ, Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kirstine L Bendtsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Annette E Langkilde
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Bente Vestergaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Kenneth A Howard
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Martxel Dehesa-Etxebeste
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, 20014 Donostia, San Sebastian, Spain.,CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Søren R Paludan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gregers Rom Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Poul Henning Jensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; and
| | - Daniel E Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marina Romero-Ramos
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,DANDRITE-Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; and.,NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vorup-Jensen
- Biophysical Immunology Laboratory, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; .,Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.,NEURODIN AU IDEAS Center, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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13
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Urell C, Zetterberg L, Hellström K, Anens E. Factors explaining physical activity level in Parkinson´s disease: A gender focus. Physiother Theory Pract 2019; 37:507-516. [PMID: 31387476 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2019.1630875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the multivariate associations between self-rated level of physical activity and demographic characteristics, self-efficacy for physical activity, fall-related self-efficacy, fear of falling, enjoyment from participation in physical activity, social support, fatigue, and health-related quality of life in persons with PD with a focus on gender.Method: Participants were persons with PD (n = 285, mean age 69.1 ± 7 years). Self-reported scales measuring level of physical activity (Physical Activity Disability Survey-Revised), enjoyment of physical activity (study- specific questions), self-efficacy for physical activity (Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale), fall-related self-efficacy (Falls Efficacy Scale), social support (Social Influences on Physical Activity), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale) and health-related quality of life (Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39) were used. The response rate was 58.2%.Results: Multiple regression analyses showed that 54.5% of the level of physical activity was explained by low-degree limitations in mobility and activities of daily life (ADL), being younger, higher self-efficacy for physical activity, communication limitations, bodily discomfort, social support and shorter time since diagnosis. Enjoyment of physical activity explained the level of physical activity for women, whereas self-efficacy for physical activity explained the level of physical activity for men.Conclusion: Implementing strategies to increase functional mobility, self-efficacy for physical activity, social support, and enjoyment of physical activity might facilitate persons with PD beginning and/or maintain different physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Urell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Zetterberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Hellström
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Anens
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiotherapy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Vidal PM, Pacheco R. Targeting the Dopaminergic System in Autoimmunity. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:57-73. [PMID: 30661214 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine has emerged as a fundamental regulator of inflammation. In this regard, it has been shown that dopaminergic signalling pathways are key players promoting homeostasis between the central nervous system and the immune system. Dysregulation in the dopaminergic system affects both innate and adaptive immunity, contributing to the development of numerous autoimmune and inflammatory pathologies. This makes dopamine receptors interesting therapeutic targets for either the development of new treatments or repurposing of already available pharmacological drugs. Dopamine receptors are broadly expressed on different immune cells with multifunctional effects depending on the dopamine concentration available and the pattern of expression of five dopamine receptors displaying different affinities for dopamine. Thus, impaired dopaminergic signalling through different dopamine receptors may result in altered behaviour of immunity, contributing to the development and progression of autoimmune pathologies. In this review we discuss the current evidence involving the dopaminergic system in inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. In addition, we summarise and analyse the therapeutic approaches designed to attenuate disease development and progression by targeting the dopaminergic system. Graphical Abstract Targetting the dopaminergic system in autoimmunity. Effector T-cells (Teff) orchestrate inflamamtion involved in autoimmunity, whilst regulatory T-cells (Tregs) suppress Teff activity promoting tolerance to self-constituents. Dopamine has emerged as a key regulator of Teff and Tregs function, thereby dopamine receptors have becoming important therapeutic targets in autoimmune disorders, especially in those affecting the brain and the gut, where dopamine levels strongly change with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia M Vidal
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Av. Zañartu 1482, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile. .,Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
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15
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Investigation of Nonmotor Symptoms in First-Degree Relatives of Patients with Different Clinical Types of Parkinson's Disease. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2019; 2019:1654161. [PMID: 30719274 PMCID: PMC6334354 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1654161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are prodromal characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD). The first-degree relatives (FDR) of PD patients had a higher risk of PD and also had more NMS. Objective To delineate NMS in FDR of patients with different clinical types of PD. Methods A total of 98 PD probands were recruited; 256 siblings of them were enrolled in the FDR group. Various scales were used to assess NMS, including depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment, insomnia, constipation, excessive daytime sleepiness, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), and restless legs syndrome (RLS). The incidences of NMS were further compared between the FDR groups of PD with different types. Results The FDR of early-onset PD (EOP) showed a higher incidence of moderate to severe depression (OR = 4.08; 95% CI: 1.12–14.92; P=0.033), anxiety (OR = 4.22; 95% CI: 1.87–9.52; P=0.001), and excessive daytime sleepiness (OR = 3.40; 95% CI: 1.00–11.48; P=0.049) than the FDR of late-onset PD (LOP). It was also found that RBD (OR = 11.65; 95% CI: 3.82–35.54; P < 0.001), constipation (OR = 4.94; 95% CI: 1.85–13.21; P=0.001), sleep disorders (OR = 4.51; 95% CI: 1.73–11.78; P=0.002), cognitive impairment (OR = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.62–7.77; P=0.002), and anxiety (OR = 2.49; 95% CI: 1.32–4.71; P=0.005) were more frequent in FDR of tremor-dominant PD (TDP) than in FDR of non-tremor-dominant PD (NTDP). Conclusions The siblings of patients with EOP and TDP have more NMS, presuming that they have a higher risk in the PD prodromal stage. Whether they have a greater possibility to progress into PD requires further investigation.
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16
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Liu FC, Lin HT, Kuo CF, Hsieh MY, See LC, Yu HP. Familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease and coaggregation with neuropsychiatric diseases: a population-based cohort study. Clin Epidemiol 2018; 10:631-641. [PMID: 29881310 PMCID: PMC5985793 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s164330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with a family history of Parkinson's disease (PD) appear to have a higher risk of developing PD and other neuropsychiatric diseases. However, estimates of the relative risks (RRs) of PD and the roles of genetic and environmental factors in PD susceptibility are unclear. The aim of this study was to examine familial aggregation and genetic contributions to PD and the RRs of other neuropsychiatric diseases in relatives of PD patients. Methods In this population-based family cohort study, the records of all individuals actively registered in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database in 2015 were queried (N=24,349,599). In total, 149,187 individuals with a PD-affected parent, 3,698 with an affected offspring, 3,495 with an affected sibling, and 15 with an affected twin were identified. Diagnoses of PD were ascertained between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2015. The prevalence and RRs of PD and other neuropsychiatric diseases in individuals with first-degree relatives with PD, as well as the contributions of heritability and environmental factors to PD susceptibility were investigated. Results The prevalence of PD was 0.46% in the general population and 0.52% in individuals with first-degree relatives with PD. The RR (95% CI) for PD was 2.20 (1.41-3.45) for siblings, 1.59 (1.47-1.73) for parents, 1.86 (1.63-2.11) for offspring, 63.12 (16.45-242.16) for twins, and 1.46 (1.41-1.52) for spouses. The RR (95% CI) in individuals with first-degree relatives with PD was 1.66 (1.57-1.76) for essential tremor, 1.68 (1.61-1.75) for schizophrenia, and 1.20 (1.12-1.28) for Alzheimer's disease. The estimated contribution to the phenotypic variance of PD was 11.0% for heritability, 9.1% for shared environmental factors, and 79.9% for non-shared environmental factors. Conclusion First-degree relatives of PD patients are more likely to develop PD and other neuropsychiatric diseases. Environmental factors account for a high proportion of the phenotypic variance of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tang Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fu Kuo
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Office for Big Data Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yun Hsieh
- Office for Big Data Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lai-Chu See
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Biostatistics Core Laboratory, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xiamen Changgung Hospital, Xiamen, China
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17
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Vlaar T, Kab S, Schwaab Y, Fréry N, Elbaz A, Moisan F. Association of Parkinson's disease with industry sectors: a French nationwide incidence study. Eur J Epidemiol 2018; 33:1101-1111. [PMID: 29730746 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-018-0399-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify working environments at risk for Parkinson's disease (PD), we investigated the relation between the importance of industry sectors, used as a surrogate for occupational exposures, and PD incidence in French cantons. The number of incident PD cases (2010-2014) in 3689 cantons of metropolitan France was determined using drug claims from French National Health Insurance databases. The proportions of workers in 38 industry sectors in 2006 were calculated for each canton. Associations between the proportions of workers in industry sectors and PD age/sex-standardized incidence ratios were examined using incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) estimated with multilevel negative binomial regressions with a random intercept at the canton-level and adjusted for smoking, deprivation index, and density of neurologists. We then used two-step semi-Bayes hierarchical regression (HR) to include prior information about exposure to pesticides, metals, and solvents in each industry sector. We identified 112,625 incident cases. PD incidence was higher in areas characterized by high proportions of workers in "Agriculture, forestry and fishing" (IRRHR = 1.042; CI 95% = 1.014-1.070; p-TrendHR = 0.004), "Manufacture of textiles, wearing apparel, leather and related products" (IRRHR = 1.024; CI 95% = 1.005-1.044; p-TrendHR = 0.010), and "Manufacture of basic metals and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment" (IRRHR = 1.024; CI 95% = 1.003-1.046; p-TrendHR = 0.071). This nationwide study, based on a comprehensive analysis of industry sectors, shows significant associations between high proportions of workers in specific industry sectors (agriculture, metallurgy, textile) and PD incidence that may be targeted in further epidemiological studies to replicate and better understand these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Vlaar
- Santé publique France, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94410, Saint-Maurice, France.,Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sofiane Kab
- Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Yannick Schwaab
- Santé publique France, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94410, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Nadine Fréry
- Santé publique France, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94410, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Alexis Elbaz
- Santé publique France, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94410, Saint-Maurice, France.,Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Frédéric Moisan
- Santé publique France, 12 Rue du Val d'Osne, 94410, Saint-Maurice, France.
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18
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Liu JB, Leng JL, Zhang XJ, Wang ZX, Duan ZW, Mao CJ, Liu CF. Investigation of non-motor symptoms in first-degree relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018; 52:62-68. [PMID: 29606605 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are important prodromal characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the incidence of NMS in first-degree relatives, such as siblings of PD patients, is still unknown. METHODS A total of 98 PD patients of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University were recruited; 210 siblings of these patients were included in a first-degree relatives (FDR) group and 250 healthy individuals were included in a control group. Various scales were used to assess NMS, including depression, anxiety, cognitive function, sleep status, constipation, daytime sleepiness, Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD), and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). RESULTS NMS were more common in the PD group than the control group. The incidence of anxiety (OR = 3.434, 95%CI: 2.058-5.731, P < 0.001), depression (OR = 2.438, 95%CI: 1.289-4.609, P = 0.005), and RBD (OR = 4.120, 95%CI: 1.897-8.945, P < 0.001) was higher in the FDR group than the control group. There were non-significant differences in constipation, cognitive impairment, sleep disorder, daytime sleepiness, and RLS between the two groups. The incidence of RLS in FDR of PD with an age of onset <60 years was higher than in the controls (OR = 2.273, 95%CI: 1.107-4.667, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Siblings of PD are more likely to suffer from anxiety, depression and RBD than the general population. RLS is more common in siblings of PD with onset age<60 than in the general population. It is speculated that PD patients and their siblings have common pathogenic genetic factors and early living environment for neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Bing Liu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jun-Ling Leng
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xin-Jiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhao-Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zuo-Wei Duan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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19
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Jagadeesan AJ, Murugesan R, Vimala Devi S, Meera M, Madhumala G, Vishwanathan Padmaja M, Ramesh A, Banerjee A, Sushmitha S, Khokhlov AN, Marotta F, Pathak S. Current trends in etiology, prognosis and therapeutic aspects of Parkinson's disease: a review. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2017; 88:249-262. [PMID: 29083328 PMCID: PMC6142835 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v88i3.6063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder, mainly affecting population consisting of the aged. PD occurs chiefly due to progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal pathway. Largely, PD patients suffer from non-motor symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, and sleep disorders, that needs further investigation and addressing during PD research. Depression in PD is a predominant and complex symptom, and its pathology exists extrinsic to the nigrostriatal system. This disease can ultimately be managed by a combination of regular physiotherapy and proper medication. Taking together the present scenario of PD, including the nature of disease, characteristics, treatment, diagnosis of the patients with PD, these outcomes were reviewed to be explored along with many speech-based solutions to PD in this study. This neurodegenerative disorder needs advancement in research and development which can help patients with PD to lead a normal life.
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20
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Le W, Dong J, Li S, Korczyn AD. Can Biomarkers Help the Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease? Neurosci Bull 2017; 33:535-542. [PMID: 28866850 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with progressive loss of dopamine neurons. PD patients usually manifest a series of motor and non-motor symptoms. In order to provide better early diagnosis and subsequent disease-modifying therapies for PD patients, there is an urgent need to identify sensitive and specific biomarkers. Biomarkers can be divided into four categories: clinical, imaging, biochemical, and genetic. Ideal biomarkers not only improve our understanding of PD pathogenesis and progression, but also provide benefits for early risk evaluation and clinical diagnosis of PD. Although many efforts have been made and several biomarkers have been extensively investigated, few if any have been found useful for early diagnosis. Here, we summarize recent developments in the discovered biomarkers of PD and discuss their merits and limitations for the early diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China. .,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.
| | - Jie Dong
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Song Li
- Liaoning Provincial Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Amos D Korczyn
- Department of Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Ramat-Aviv, Israel.
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21
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Norman BP, Lubbe SJ, Tan M, Warren N, Morris HR. Early Onset Parkinson's Disease in a family of Moroccan origin caused by a p.A217D mutation in PINK1: a case report. BMC Neurol 2017; 17:153. [PMID: 28789629 PMCID: PMC5549325 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bi-allelic mutations in the genes Parkin (PARK2), PINK1 (PARK6) and DJ-1 (PARK7) are established causes of autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's Disease (EOPD). PINK1 mutations are the second commonest cause of EOPD. Specific mutations may be relatively common in certain populations because of a founder effect. Homozygous p.A217D PINK1 mutations were previously shown to cause EOPD in a large Sudanese kindred. CASE PRESENTATION Here we report the segregation of homozygous PINK1 p.A217D mutations in a family originating in Morocco with a history of parental consanguinity. From the clinical information available for the index case, the phenotype of mild, slowly-progressive Parkinsonism is consistent with previous reports of p.A217D disease and of PINK1 disease phenotype more generally. The reported features of early prominent lower-limb symptoms and gait disturbance with asymmetrical onset are more frequent among PINK1 disease cases. CONCLUSIONS Together, reports of p.A217D in families of Moroccan and Sudanese origin suggest that p.A217D is a North African mutation due to a founder effect. Wider genetic analyses of EOPD in North Africa would be useful to estimate the prevalence of Parkinsonism caused by PINK1 p.A217D. In the absence of bi-allelic Parkin mutations, PINK1 mutations should be considered in cases with evidence of autosomal recessive inheritance of EOPD and presentation of atypical features such as early lower-limb symptoms and gait disturbance with asymmetrical onset, which appear to be common in Mendelian EOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan P Norman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steven J Lubbe
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Manuela Tan
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Naomi Warren
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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22
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Gaare JJ, Skeie GO, Tzoulis C, Larsen JP, Tysnes OB. Familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease may affect progression of motor symptoms and dementia. Mov Disord 2016; 32:241-245. [PMID: 27862270 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial aggregation has been described in PD of both early and late onset, but has not been studied in a true population-based sample. Moreover, little is known about its association with disease progression and endophenotypes. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this work were to determine familial aggregation of idiopathic PD in a population-based cohort and study the association with clinical endophenotypes and disease progression. METHODS We examined family history data from the Norwegian ParkWest study, a well-characterized, population-based cohort of incident PD patients and age-matched healthy controls. Family data were collected at baseline with a simplified questionnaire (192 cases and 193 controls) and after 3 years of longitudinal follow-up using an extended questionnaire (172 cases and 171 controls). RESULTS Compared to the controls, the PD patients had an increased relative risk of having a first-degree relative with PD when using the extended questionnaire (relative risk = 1.988; P = 0.036), but not when using the simplified questionnaire (relative risk = 1.453; P = 0.224). There was no significant difference in age of onset or motor subtype (P = 0.801). However, cases with a family history of PD had reduced progression over 7 years as measured by UPDRS II (P = 0.008) and smaller rate of decrease of MMSE (P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm familial aggregation in a population-based cohort of idiopathic PD. Moreover, we show that positive family history of PD in patients is associated with a slower progression of PD symptoms and cognitive decline. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geir Olve Skeie
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charalampos Tzoulis
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jan Petter Larsen
- Network for Medical Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ole-Bjørn Tysnes
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Moisan F, Kab S, Mohamed F, Canonico M, Le Guern M, Quintin C, Carcaillon L, Nicolau J, Duport N, Singh-Manoux A, Boussac-Zarebska M, Elbaz A. Parkinson disease male-to-female ratios increase with age: French nationwide study and meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:952-7. [PMID: 26701996 PMCID: PMC5013115 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-312283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is 1.5 times more frequent in men than women. Whether age modifies this ratio is unclear. We examined whether male-to-female (M-F) ratios change with age through a French nationwide prevalence/incidence study (2010) and a meta-analysis of incidence studies. METHODS We used French national drug claims databases to identify PD cases using a validated algorithm. We computed M-F prevalence/incidence ratios overall and by age using Poisson regression. Ratios were regressed on age to estimate their annual change. We identified all PD incidence studies with age/sex-specific data, and performed a meta-analysis of M-F ratios. RESULTS On the basis of 149 672 prevalent (50% women) and 25 438 incident (49% women) cases, age-standardised rates were higher in men (prevalence=2.865/1000; incidence=0.490/1000 person-years) than women (prevalence=1.934/1000; incidence=0.328/1000 person-years). The overall M-F ratio was 1.48 for prevalence and 1.49 for incidence. Prevalence and incidence M-F ratios increased by 0.05 and 0.14, respectively, per 10 years of age. Incidence was similar in men and women under 50 years (M-F ratio <1.2, p>0.20), and over 1.6 (p<0.001) times higher in men than women above 80 years (p trend <0.001). A meta-analysis of 22 incidence studies (14 126 cases, 46% women) confirmed that M- F ratios increased with age (0.26 per 10 years, p trend=0.005). CONCLUSIONS Age-increasing M-F ratios suggest that PD aetiology changes with age. Sex-related risk/protective factors may play a different role across the continuum of age at onset. This finding may inform aetiological PD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Moisan
- Département santé travail, Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Sofiane Kab
- Département santé travail, Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France Department of Epidemiology of ageing and age related diseases, INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Fatima Mohamed
- Department of Epidemiology of ageing and age related diseases, INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Marianne Canonico
- Department of Epidemiology of ageing and age related diseases, INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - Morgane Le Guern
- Département santé travail, Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Cécile Quintin
- Département des maladies chroniques et des traumatismes, Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Laure Carcaillon
- Département des maladies chroniques et des traumatismes, Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Javier Nicolau
- Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Direction scientifique et de la qualité, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Nicolas Duport
- Département des maladies chroniques et des traumatismes, Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Department of Epidemiology of ageing and age related diseases, INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Alexis Elbaz
- Département santé travail, Institut de veille sanitaire (InVS), Saint-Maurice, France Department of Epidemiology of ageing and age related diseases, INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
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24
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Benitez BA, Davis AA, Jin SC, Ibanez L, Ortega-Cubero S, Pastor P, Choi J, Cooper B, Perlmutter JS, Cruchaga C. Resequencing analysis of five Mendelian genes and the top genes from genome-wide association studies in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:29. [PMID: 27094865 PMCID: PMC4837564 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most sequencing studies in Parkinson’s disease (PD) have focused on either a particular gene, primarily in familial and early onset PD samples, or on screening single variants in sporadic PD cases. To date, there is no systematic study that sequences the most common PD causing genes with Mendelian inheritance [α-synuclein (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), PARKIN, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) and DJ-1 (Daisuke-Junko-1)] and susceptibility genes [glucocerebrosidase beta acid (GBA) and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT)] identified through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in a European-American case-control sample (n=815). Results Disease-causing variants in the SNCA,LRRK2 and PARK2 genes were found in 2 % of PD patients. The LRRK2, p.G2019S mutation was found in 0.6 % of sporadic PD and 4.8 % of familial PD cases. Gene-based analysis suggests that additional variants in the LRRK2 gene also contribute to PD risk. The SNCA duplication was found in 0.8 % of familial PD patients. Novel variants were found in 0.8 % of PD cases and 0.6 % of controls. Heterozygous Gaucher disease-causing mutations in the GBA gene were found in 7.1 % of PD patients. Here, we established that the GBA variant (p.T408M) is associated with PD risk and age at onset. Additionally, gene-based and single-variant analyses demostrated that GBA gene variants (p.L483P, p.R83C, p.N409S, p.H294Q and p.E365K) increase PD risk. Conclusions Our data suggest that the impact of additional untested coding variants in the GBA and LRRK2 genes is higher than previously estimated. Our data also provide compelling evidence of the existence of additional untested variants in the primary Mendelian and PD GWAS genes that contribute to the genetic etiology of sporadic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, 8007, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Albert A Davis
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sara Ortega-Cubero
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Palencia, Palencia, Spain.,Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) University of Navarra School of Medicine, Pamplona, Spain and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Mutua de Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiyoon Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Breanna Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Radiology, Anatomy & Neurobiology, Program in Occupational Therapy, Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Hope Center Program on Protein Aggregation and Neurodegeneration, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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25
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Elbaz A, Carcaillon L, Kab S, Moisan F. Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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26
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Baig F, Lawton M, Rolinski M, Ruffmann C, Nithi K, Evetts SG, Fernandes HR, Ben-Shlomo Y, Hu MTM. Delineating nonmotor symptoms in early Parkinson's disease and first-degree relatives. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1759-66. [PMID: 26179331 PMCID: PMC5034839 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmotor symptoms (NMS) are an important prodromal feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, their frequency, treatment rates, and impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in the early motor phase is unclear. Rates of NMS in enriched at‐risk populations, such as first‐degree PD relatives, have not been delineated. We assessed NMS in an early cohort of PD, first‐degree PD relatives and control subjects to address these questions. In total, 769 population‐ascertained PD subjects within 3.5 years of diagnosis, 98 first‐degree PD relatives, and 287 control subjects were assessed at baseline across the following NMS domains: (1) neuropsychiatric; (2) gastrointestinal; (3) sleep; (4) sensory; (5) autonomic; and (6) sexual. NMS were much more common in PD, compared to control subjects. More than half of the PD cases had hyposmia, pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, or urinary dysfunction. NMS were more frequent in those with the postural instability gait difficulty phenotype, compared to the tremor dominant (mean total number of NMS 7.8 vs. 6.2; P < 0.001). PD cases had worse HRQoL scores than controls (odds ratio: 4.1; P < 0.001), with depression, anxiety, and pain being stronger drivers than motor scores. NMS were rarely treated in routine clinical practice. First‐degree PD relatives did not significantly differ in NMS, compared to controls, in this baseline study. NMS are common in early PD and more common in those with postural instability gait difficulty phenotype or on treatment. Despite their major impact on quality of life, NMS are usually under‐recognized and untreated. © 2015 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahd Baig
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lawton
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Rolinski
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Ruffmann
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kannan Nithi
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Neurology, Northampton General Hospital NHS Trust, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel G Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hugo R Fernandes
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michele T M Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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27
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Ylikotila P, Tiirikka T, Moilanen JS, Kääriäinen H, Marttila R, Majamaa K. Epidemiology of early-onset Parkinson's disease in Finland. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2015; 21:938-42. [PMID: 26071818 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The contribution of genetic causes to Parkinson's disease (PD) is strongest in early-onset cases. We ascertained a nationwide cohort of patients in order to study the genetic epidemiology of early-onset PD (EOPD) in Finland. METHODS By means of a search in a national database we ascertained all patients with EOPD. These patients had become eligible for reimbursement of PD drugs between the years 1995-2006 and were <55 years of age at the time of PD diagnosis. A total of 441 patients consented and provided clinical and genealogical information. RESULTS The incidence of EOPD increased 1.7-fold between the years 1995-2006, the mean annual incidence being 3.3/100,000. Fifty-two patients (11.8%) reported an affected first-degree relative. The birthplaces of patients with PD among first-degree relatives were clustered in certain regions in the southwestern and western coastal provinces of Finland and in the eastern province of Savo. Furthermore, the distance between the birthplaces of the patients' parents was smaller for patients, who had first-degree relatives with PD than for patients with no family history of PD. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the incidence of EOPD is increasing. The birthplaces of patients with PD among first-degree relatives were clustered in certain provinces of Finland suggesting that monogenic forms of PD or genetic susceptibility of PD are present in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauli Ylikotila
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Timo Tiirikka
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka S Moilanen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Reijo Marttila
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Neurology and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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Kenborg L, Lassen CF, Ritz B, Andersen KK, Christensen J, Schernhammer ES, Hansen J, Wermuth L, Rod NH, Olsen JH. Lifestyle, family history, and risk of idiopathic Parkinson disease: a large Danish case-control study. Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:808-16. [PMID: 25925389 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between Parkinson disease (PD) and smoking has been examined in several studies, but little is known about smoking in conjunction with other behaviors and a family history of PD. Using unconditional logistic regression analysis, we studied individual and joint associations of these factors with idiopathic PD among 1,808 Danish patients who were diagnosed in 1996-2009 and matched to 1,876 randomly selected population controls. Although there was a downward trend in duration of smoking, this was not observed for daily tobacco consumption. A moderate intake of caffeine (3.1-5 cups/day) was associated with a lower odds ratio for PD (0.45, 95% confidence interval: 0.34, 0.62), as was a moderate intake of alcohol (3.1-7 units/week) (odds ratio = 0.60, 95% confidence interval: 0.58, 0.84); a higher daily intake did not reduce the odds further. When these behaviors were studied in combination with smoking, the odds ratios were lower than those for each one alone. Compared with never smokers with no family history of PD, never smokers who did have a family history had an odds ratio of 2.81 (95% confidence interval: 1.91, 4.13); for smokers with a family history, the odds ratio was 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.15, 2.23). In conclusion, duration of smoking seems to be more important than intensity in the relationship between smoking and idiopathic PD. The finding of lower risk estimates for smoking in combination with caffeine or alcohol requires further confirmation.
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Barrett MJ, Hac NE, Yan G, Harrison MB, Wooten GF. Relationship of age of onset and family history in Parkinson disease. Mov Disord 2015; 30:733-5. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Barrett
- Department of Neurology; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Nicholas E. Hac
- School of Medicine; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Guofen Yan
- Department of Public Health Sciences; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | | | - G. Frederick Wooten
- Department of Neurology; University of Virginia; Charlottesville Virginia USA
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Petersen MS, Bech S, Nosova E, Aasly J, Farrer MJ. Familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease in the Faroe Islands. Mov Disord 2015; 30:538-44. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Skaalum Petersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health; the Faroese Hospital System; Tórshavn Faroe Islands
| | - Sara Bech
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health; the Faroese Hospital System; Tórshavn Faroe Islands
| | - Ekaterina Nosova
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics; Djavad Mowafhagian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Jan Aasly
- St. Olav's Hospital, Department of Neuroscience; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Matthew J. Farrer
- Centre for Applied Neurogenetics; Djavad Mowafhagian Centre for Brain Health, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Yang F, Trolle Lagerros Y, Bellocco R, Adami HO, Fang F, Pedersen NL, Wirdefeldt K. Physical activity and risk of Parkinson's disease in the Swedish National March Cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 138:269-75. [PMID: 25410713 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical exercise has been associated with neuroprotective effects in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. To examine the impact of physical activity on Parkinson's disease risk prospectively, we followed 43 368 individuals who provided extensive information on physical activity at baseline. We estimated hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals using Cox proportional hazards regression. During an average of 12.6 years of follow-up, 286 incident Parkinson's disease cases were identified. In males, there was an inverse association with Parkinson's disease for total physical activity (hazard ratio 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.87 for medium versus low level), for sum of household, commuting and leisure time exercise (hazard ratio 0.53, 95% confidence interval 0.33-0.85 for high versus low level), and for household and commuting physical activity specifically (hazard ratio 0.50, 95% confidence interval 0.31-0.81 for >6 versus <2 h per week). No association was observed for leisure time exercise or occupational physical activity with Parkinson's disease, among either males or females. Meta-analysis of the present study and five previous prospective studies showed a pooled hazard ratio of 0.66 (95% confidence interval 0.57-0.78) for highest versus lowest physical activity level. Our results indicate that a medium level of physical activity lowers Parkinson's disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- 1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- 2 Department of Medicine, Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, T2, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rino Bellocco
- 1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden 3 Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- 1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden 4 Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- 1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- 1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden 5 Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1061, USA
| | - Karin Wirdefeldt
- 1 Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden 6 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Lack of association between UCHL1 S18Y gene polymorphism and Parkinson’s disease in the Asian population: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1867-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Mitsui J, Tsuji S. Genomic aspects of sporadic neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 452:221-5. [PMID: 25078619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic neurodegenerative diseases are complex in nature, that is, they involve multiple genetic and environmental factors that may play roles at the molecular level. In contrast to diseases with Mendelian inheritance, the genomic signatures of common sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases largely remain unknown. Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies employing common single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been intensively conducted, in which the theoretical framework is based on the "common disease-common variants" hypothesis. Another paradigm is a sequence-based association study under the "common disease-multiple rare variants" hypothesis. Because current next-generation sequencing technologies enable us to obtain virtually all the variants in human genome irrespective of allele frequencies, it is anticipated that sequence-based association studies will become the mainstream approach. In this review, we present brief overviews of molecular genetic approaches to elucidate the molecular bases of sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and multiple system atrophy as examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mitsui
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shoji Tsuji
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
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Feldman AL, Wirdefeldt K, Johansson ALV, Gatz M, Pedersen NL. Evidence for modest familial co-aggregation between dementia and parkinsonism. Eur J Epidemiol 2013; 29:49-56. [PMID: 24248476 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-013-9864-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the contribution of shared familial risk to the co-occurrence of dementia and parkinsonism by studying familial co-aggregation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Using Swedish population-based registers we constructed two cohorts; a first-degree relative cohort of persons born 1932-1960 (n = 2,775,332) and a spouse cohort of persons born 1890-1960 (n = 4,736,006). Study persons were followed up between 1969 and 2009 in the National Patient and Cause of Death Registers. We modeled the association between incidence of disease and having at least one affected relative using Cox proportional hazard regression that estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, sex and number of relatives. Within each disorder; dementia, AD, parkinsonian disorders and PD, there was a strong association between risk of disease and having at least one affected sibling or parent. There was also a modest shared familial risk between the diseases; risk of parkinsonian disorders was associated with having a sibling with AD (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.11-1.65) and risk of dementia was associated with having a sibling with PD (HR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02-1.41). There were no meaningful familial risks among spouses. The risk of co-occurring dementia in PD was considerably increased (HR 2.83, 95% CI 2.76-2.89). There is strong familial aggregation within dementia, AD, parkinsonian disorders and PD, and modest familial co-aggregation between dementia and parkinsonism. Thus, co-occurrence of dementia and parkinsonism is not primarily caused by shared familial risk between AD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adina L Feldman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO-Box 281, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden,
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35
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Tanner CM. Alpha-synuclein: one key opens many locks. Mov Disord 2013; 28:1176-8. [PMID: 23925937 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Keller MF, Saad M, Bras J, Bettella F, Nicolaou N, Simón-Sánchez J, Mittag F, Büchel F, Sharma M, Gibbs JR, Schulte C, Moskvina V, Durr A, Holmans P, Kilarski LL, Guerreiro R, Hernandez DG, Brice A, Ylikotila P, Stefánsson H, Majamaa K, Morris HR, Williams N, Gasser T, Heutink P, Wood NW, Hardy J, Martinez M, Singleton AB, Nalls MA. Using genome-wide complex trait analysis to quantify 'missing heritability' in Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4996-5009. [PMID: 22892372 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been successful at identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly associated with common traits; however, a great deal of the heritable variation associated with common traits remains unaccounted for within the genome. Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) is a statistical method that applies a linear mixed model to estimate phenotypic variance of complex traits explained by genome-wide SNPs, including those not associated with the trait in a GWAS. We applied GCTA to 8 cohorts containing 7096 case and 19 455 control individuals of European ancestry in order to examine the missing heritability present in Parkinson's disease (PD). We meta-analyzed our initial results to produce robust heritability estimates for PD types across cohorts. Our results identify 27% (95% CI 17-38, P = 8.08E - 08) phenotypic variance associated with all types of PD, 15% (95% CI -0.2 to 33, P = 0.09) phenotypic variance associated with early-onset PD and 31% (95% CI 17-44, P = 1.34E - 05) phenotypic variance associated with late-onset PD. This is a substantial increase from the genetic variance identified by top GWAS hits alone (between 3 and 5%) and indicates there are substantially more risk loci to be identified. Our results suggest that although GWASs are a useful tool in identifying the most common variants associated with complex disease, a great deal of common variants of small effect remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux F Keller
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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37
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Simón-Sánchez J, Kilarski LL, Nalls MA, Martinez M, Schulte C, Holmans P, Gasser T, Hardy J, Singleton AB, Wood NW, Brice A, Heutink P, Williams N, Morris HR. Cooperative genome-wide analysis shows increased homozygosity in early onset Parkinson's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e28787. [PMID: 22427796 PMCID: PMC3299635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 11/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) occurs in both familial and sporadic forms, and both monogenic and complex genetic factors have been identified. Early onset PD (EOPD) is particularly associated with autosomal recessive (AR) mutations, and three genes, PARK2, PARK7 and PINK1, have been found to carry mutations leading to AR disease. Since mutations in these genes account for less than 10% of EOPD patients, we hypothesized that further recessive genetic factors are involved in this disorder, which may appear in extended runs of homozygosity. We carried out genome wide SNP genotyping to look for extended runs of homozygosity (ROHs) in 1,445 EOPD cases and 6,987 controls. Logistic regression analyses showed an increased level of genomic homozygosity in EOPD cases compared to controls. These differences are larger for ROH of 9 Mb and above, where there is a more than three-fold increase in the proportion of cases carrying a ROH. These differences are not explained by occult recessive mutations at existing loci. Controlling for genome wide homozygosity in logistic regression analyses increased the differences between cases and controls, indicating that in EOPD cases ROHs do not simply relate to genome wide measures of inbreeding. Homozygosity at a locus on chromosome19p13.3 was identified as being more common in EOPD cases as compared to controls. Sequencing analysis of genes and predicted transcripts within this locus failed to identify a novel mutation causing EOPD in our cohort. There is an increased rate of genome wide homozygosity in EOPD, as measured by an increase in ROHs. These ROHs are a signature of inbreeding and do not necessarily harbour disease-causing genetic variants. Although there might be other regions of interest apart from chromosome 19p13.3, we lack the power to detect them with this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Simón-Sánchez
- Section of Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L. Kilarski
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine & Neurology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Maria Martinez
- Inserm, UMR 1043, Toulouse, France
- Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Holmans
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine & Neurology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew B. Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas W. Wood
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexis Brice
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, UMR-S975, Paris, France
- Inserm, U975, Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Peter Heutink
- Section of Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel Williams
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine & Neurology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (NW); (HRM)
| | - Huw R. Morris
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine & Neurology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (NW); (HRM)
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38
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Mitchell AC, Leak RK, Garbett K, Zigmond MJ, Cameron JL, Mirnics K. Physical activity-associated gene expression signature in nonhuman primate motor cortex. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:692-8. [PMID: 22016091 PMCID: PMC3872776 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
It has been established that weight gain and weight loss are heavily influenced by activity level. In this study, we hypothesized that the motor cortex exhibits a distinct physical activity-associated gene expression profile, which may underlie changes in weight associated with movement. Using DNA microarrays we profiled gene expression in the motor cortex of a group of 14 female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with a wide range of stable physical activity levels. We found that neuronal growth factor signaling and nutrient sensing transcripts in the brain were highly correlated with physical activity. A follow-up of AKT3 expression changes (a gene at the apex of neuronal survival and nutrient sensing) revealed increased protein levels of total AKT, phosphorylated AKT, and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), one of AKT's main downstream effectors. In addition, we successfully validated three other genes via quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (cereblon (CRBN), origin recognition complex subunit 4-like, and pyruvate dehydrogenase 4 (PDK4)). We conclude that these genes are important in the physical activity-associated pathway in the motor cortex, and may be critical for physical activity-associated changes in body weight and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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39
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Jenkins ME, Miyasaki JM, Suchowersky O. Movement Disorders. Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-88555-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Wirdefeldt K, Gatz M, Reynolds CA, Prescott CA, Pedersen NL. Heritability of Parkinson disease in Swedish twins: a longitudinal study. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:1923.e1-8. [PMID: 21482443 PMCID: PMC4452894 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous twin studies report no heritability of Parkinson's disease (PD) based on cross sectional information. Here, we apply a longitudinal design and re-evaluate cross sectional data in the population-based Swedish Twin Registry (STR) using clinical as well as hospital discharge and cause of death diagnoses. In the longitudinal analyses (based on 46,436 individuals), we identified 542 twins with PD and 65 twins with Parkinsonism. Concordance rates for PD were 11% for monozygotic and 4% for same-sexed dizygotic twin pairs, with a heritability estimate of 34%. Concordance rates for PD or parkinsonism were 13% for monozygotic and 5% for same-sexed dizygotic twin pairs, with a heritability estimate of 40%. In the cross sectional analyses (based on 49,814 individuals), we identified 287 twins with PD and 79 twins with parkinsonism. Concordance rates for PD were 4% for monozygotic and same-sexed dizygotic twin pairs and 0 for opposite-sexed twin pairs. Concordance rates for PD or parkinsonism were somewhat higher but the heritability estimate was nonsignificant. Our longitudinal analyses demonstrate that PD and parkinsonism are modestly heritable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margaret Gatz
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles 90089-1061, CA, USA
| | - Chandra A. Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Carol A. Prescott
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles 90089-1061, CA, USA
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles 90089-1061, CA, USA
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41
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Pihlstrøm L, Toft M. Parkinson's disease: What remains of the "missing heritability"? Mov Disord 2011; 26:1971-3. [PMID: 21812035 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Pihlstrøm
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Wirdefeldt K, Adami HO, Cole P, Trichopoulos D, Mandel J. Epidemiology and etiology of Parkinson's disease: a review of the evidence. Eur J Epidemiol 2011; 26 Suppl 1:S1-58. [PMID: 21626386 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-011-9581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well understood but likely to involve both genetic and environmental factors. Incidence and prevalence estimates vary to a large extent-at least partly due to methodological differences between studies-but are consistently higher in men than in women. Several genes that cause familial as well as sporadic PD have been identified and familial aggregation studies support a genetic component. Despite a vast literature on lifestyle and environmental possible risk or protection factors, consistent findings are few. There is compelling evidence for protective effects of smoking and coffee, but the biologic mechanisms for these possibly causal relations are poorly understood. Uric acid also seems to be associated with lower PD risk. Evidence that one or several pesticides increase PD risk is suggestive but further research is needed to identify specific compounds that may play a causal role. Evidence is limited on the role of metals, other chemicals and magnetic fields. Important methodological limitations include crude classification of exposure, low frequency and intensity of exposure, inadequate sample size, potential for confounding, retrospective study designs and lack of consistent diagnostic criteria for PD. Studies that assessed possible shared etiological components between PD and other diseases show that REM sleep behavior disorder and mental illness increase PD risk and that PD patients have lower cancer risk, but methodological concerns exist. Future epidemiologic studies of PD should be large, include detailed quantifications of exposure, and collect information on environmental exposures as well as genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Wirdefeldt
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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43
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Genetic players in multiple system atrophy: unfolding the nature of the beast. Neurobiol Aging 2011; 32:1924.e5-14. [PMID: 21601954 PMCID: PMC3157605 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal oligodendrogliopathy characterized by prominent α-synuclein inclusions resulting in a neuronal multisystem degeneration. Until recently MSA was widely conceived as a nongenetic disorder. However, during the last years a few postmortem verified Mendelian pedigrees have been reported consistent with monogenic disease in rare cases of MSA. Further, within the last 2 decades several genes have been associated with an increased risk of MSA, first and foremost the SNCA gene coding for α-synuclein. Moreover, genes involved in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory processes, as well as parkinsonism- and ataxia-related genes have been implicated as susceptibility factors. In this review, we discuss the emerging evidence in favor of genetic players in MSA.
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44
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Stemberger S, Scholz SW, Singleton AB, Wenning GK. Genetic players in multiple system atrophy: unfolding the nature of the beast. Neurobiol Aging 2011. [PMID: 21601954 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal oligodendrogliopathy characterized by prominent α-synuclein inclusions resulting in a neuronal multisystem degeneration. Until recently MSA was widely conceived as a nongenetic disorder. However, during the last years a few postmortem verified Mendelian pedigrees have been reported consistent with monogenic disease in rare cases of MSA. Further, within the last 2 decades several genes have been associated with an increased risk of MSA, first and foremost the SNCA gene coding for α-synuclein. Moreover, genes involved in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory processes, as well as parkinsonism- and ataxia-related genes have been implicated as susceptibility factors. In this review, we discuss the emerging evidence in favor of genetic players in MSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Stemberger
- Division of Clinical Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Shino MY, McGuire V, Van Den Eeden SK, Tanner CM, Popat R, Leimpeter A, Bernstein AL, Nelson LM. Familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease in a multiethnic community-based case-control study. Mov Disord 2010; 25:2587-94. [PMID: 20842689 PMCID: PMC2978761 DOI: 10.1002/mds.23361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the familial aggregation of Parkinson's disease (PD), we compared the cumulative incidence of PD among first-degree relatives of PD cases and controls. We identified newly diagnosed patients with PD (n = 573) during 1994 to 1995 within Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California and recruited 496 cases (87%) for the case-control study. Of 720 eligible controls matched by birth year and sex to cases, 541 (75%) agreed to participate. Information on family history of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases was obtained by in-person structured interview. We used the reconstructed cohort approach that provides a better estimate of the risk. The cumulative incidence of PD was significantly higher among relatives of PD patients compared with relatives of controls (2.0 vs. 0.7%; relative risk (RR) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-5.9; P = 0.0001). The degree of familial aggregation was higher among first-degree relatives of Hispanic PD cases compared with Hispanic controls (3.7% vs. 0.4%; RR = 8.5, 95% CI 1.0-68.9) than it was among non-Hispanic Caucasian cases and controls (2.0% vs. 0.8%; RR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.5-5.1; P = 0.02). The familial aggregation of PD was stronger among the siblings of PD cases (RR = 5.4, 95% CI 1.8-16.0) than among parents (RR = 2.7, 95% CI 1.3-5.2). The incidence and familial aggregation of PD is highest among Hispanics, warranting further studies of genetic and environmental risk factors in the Hispanic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Y Shino
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Division of Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Klebe S, Thier S, Lorenz D, Nothnagel M, Schreiber S, Klein C, Hagenah J, Kasten M, Berg D, Srulijes K, Gasser T, Deuschl G, Kuhlenbäumer G. LINGO1 is not associated with Parkinson's disease in German patients. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:1173-8. [PMID: 20468067 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the most common movement disorders and show clinical, genetic, and pathophysiological overlap. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) domain-containing, Nogo receptor-interacting protein gene (LINGO1) are associated with ET. LINGO1 is overexpressed in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD patients and inhibition of LINGO1 confers neuroprotection in a rodent model of PD. In this study we test the hypothesis whether SNPs in the LINGO1 gene that are associated with ET are also associated with PD. Three large German case-control samples from Kiel, Lübeck, and Tübingen (total: 1,798 cases and 1,482 controls) were genotyped for the three LINGO1 SNPs associated with ET. Association was assessed using allele- and genotype-based tests in each of the three samples separately, in the combined sample, and in subsets of patients with early-onset PD (<50 years) and of patients with a positive family history of PD. Neither of the three samples alone nor the combined sample showed evidence for association between LINGO1 SNPs and PD. The allele-based test showed a trend toward nominal association for all three SNPs in the Kiel sample. The subsets with early-onset PD or a positive family history did also not reveal evidence for association. SNPs in the LINGO1 gene associated with ET could not be shown to be associated with PD in our study population, despite a postulated overlap between both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Klebe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller Strasse 3, Kiel, Germany
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Hamza TH, Zabetian CP, Tenesa A, Laederach A, Montimurro J, Yearout D, Kay DM, Doheny KF, Paschall J, Pugh E, Kusel VI, Collura R, Roberts J, Griffith A, Samii A, Scott WK, Nutt J, Factor SA, Payami H. Common genetic variation in the HLA region is associated with late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease. Nat Genet 2010; 42:781-5. [PMID: 20711177 PMCID: PMC2930111 DOI: 10.1038/ng.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a common disorder that leads to motor and cognitive disability. We performed a genome-wide association study of 2,000 individuals with Parkinson's disease (cases) and 1,986 unaffected controls from the NeuroGenetics Research Consortium (NGRC). We confirmed associations with SNCA and MAPT, replicated an association with GAK (using data from the NGRC and a previous study, P = 3.2 x 10(-9)) and detected a new association with the HLA region (using data from the NGRC only, P = 2.9 x 10(-8)), which replicated in two datasets (meta-analysis P = 1.9 x 10(-10)). The HLA association was uniform across all genetic and environmental risk strata and was strong in sporadic (P = 5.5 x 10(-10)) and late-onset (P = 2.4 x 10(-8)) disease. The association peak we found was at rs3129882, a noncoding variant in HLA-DRA. Two studies have previously suggested that rs3129882 influences expression of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ. The brains of individuals with Parkinson's disease show upregulation of DR antigens and the presence of DR-positive reactive microglia, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce Parkinson's disease risk. The genetic association with HLA supports the involvement of the immune system in Parkinson's disease and offers new targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taye H Hamza
- New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albert Tenesa
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Alain Laederach
- New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Dora Yearout
- New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Denise M Kay
- New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly F Doheny
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Paschall
- NCBI, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Pugh
- Center for Inherited Disease Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Victoria I Kusel
- New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Randall Collura
- New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Alida Griffith
- Booth Gardner Parkinson’s Care Center, Evergreen Hospital Medical Center, Kirkland, WA, USA
| | - Ali Samii
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William K Scott
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, FL, USA
| | - John Nutt
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Stewart A Factor
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haydeh Payami
- New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
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Familial aggregation in atypical Parkinson's disease: a case control study in multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy. J Neurol 2010; 257:1388-93. [PMID: 20625759 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-010-5638-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Familial aggregation has been consistently found in PD, but it is unclear whether there is a familial aggregation in families of patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). MSA and PSP cases were recruited from a two-arm case control study. One control was matched to each case for age, gender and living area. Medical history of first-degree relatives was obtained through a face-to-face questionnaire. Age-specific cumulative incidence of Parkinsonism and dementia in first-degree relatives of cases and controls was compared for MSA and PSP separately. Seventy-one pairs for MSA and their controls and 79 pairs for PSP and their controls were included. No significant familial aggregation was found in PSP. MSA cases reported Parkinsonism more often, but not dementia in their first-degree relatives than controls. MSA patients, but not those with PSP, have Parkinsonism more often in their first-degree relatives than controls.
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Hamza TH, Payami H. The heritability of risk and age at onset of Parkinson's disease after accounting for known genetic risk factors. J Hum Genet 2010; 55:241-3. [PMID: 20203693 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We questioned whether the evidence for the genetic component in Parkinson's disease (PD) in Caucasians could be explained by the causative and susceptibility genes that have already been identified. We estimated heritability of risk and age at onset of PD in a well-characterized sample of 504 nuclear families (2828 individuals). After excluding families with known pathogenic mutations and accounting for the major susceptibility genes, the heritability of risk of developing PD was 0.41 (P=0.01). These data suggest that approximately 40% of the variation in susceptibility to PD is due to as-yet unidentified genes, the remainder is likely environmental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taye H Hamza
- Division of Genetics, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY 12201-2002, USA
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Fang F, Kamel F, Lichtenstein P, Bellocco R, Sparén P, Sandler DP, Ye W. Familial aggregation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2009; 66:94-9. [PMID: 19670447 PMCID: PMC3609703 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relative risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in families of ALS patients. METHODS We conducted a cohort study based on the Swedish Multi-Generation Register in 1961 to 2005. Among 6,671 probands (first ALS case in the family), 1,909 full siblings, 13,947 children, and 5,405 spouses were identified (exposed group). Other persons in the Multi-Generation Register, who were siblings, children, or spouses to persons without ALS, served as the reference group. Relative risks for ALS among the exposed group, compared with the reference group, were calculated from Poisson regression models. Concurrence of ALS within twins was assessed in 86,441 twin pairs registered in the Swedish Twin Register. RESULTS Nine cases of ALS were noted among the siblings and 37 cases among the children of the probands, giving a 17-fold risk among the siblings (95% confidence interval, 8.1-30.4) and a 9-fold risk among the children (95% confidence interval, 6.2-12.0), compared with the reference group. Siblings and children had a greater excess risk if the proband was diagnosed at a younger age, and the excess risks decreased with increasing age at diagnosis of the proband (p < 0.001). Spouses had no significantly increased risk (p = 0.27). Two cases were identified among the cotwins of ALS probands, giving a relative risk of 32 (95% confidence interval, 5.2-102.6). INTERPRETATION The siblings and children of ALS patients have an about 10-fold risk for ALS compared with the reference group. The excess risks vary with both age and kinship, indicating a major genetic role in familial ALS. Ann Neurol 2009;66:94-99.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Fang
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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