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Zhao P, Wang C, Sun S, Wang X, Balch WE. Tracing genetic diversity captures the molecular basis of misfolding disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3333. [PMID: 38637533 PMCID: PMC11026414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic variation in human populations can result in the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, giving rise to systemic and neurodegenerative diseases that require management by proteostasis. Here, we define the role of GRP94, the endoplasmic reticulum Hsp90 chaperone paralog, in managing alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency on a residue-by-residue basis using Gaussian process regression-based machine learning to profile the spatial covariance relationships that dictate protein folding arising from sequence variants in the population. Covariance analysis suggests a role for the ATPase activity of GRP94 in controlling the N- to C-terminal cooperative folding of alpha-1-antitrypsin responsible for the correction of liver aggregation and lung-disease phenotypes of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Gaussian process-based spatial covariance profiling provides a standard model built on covariant principles to evaluate the role of proteostasis components in guiding information flow from genome to proteome in response to genetic variation, potentially allowing us to intervene in the onset and progression of complex multi-system human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Shuhong Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, and Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - William E Balch
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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2
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Li C, Lin X, Su J. HSP90B1 regulates autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, mediating HNSC biological behaviors. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17028. [PMID: 38590708 PMCID: PMC11000640 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy, a crucial cellular mechanism, facilitates the degradation and removal of misfolded proteins and impaired organelles. Recent research has increasingly highlighted the intimate connection between autophagy and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the context of tumor development. However, the specific role and underlying mechanisms of heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1 (HSP90B1) in modulating autophagy within head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain elusive. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot (WB), immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to detect the expression in HNSC cell lines and tissues. The relationship between HSP90B1 and clinicopathologic features was explored based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data and IHC results. The biological functions of HSP90B1 were analyzed through in vitro and in vivo models to evaluate proliferation, migration, invasion, and autophagy. The mechanisms of HSP90B1 were studied using bioinformatics and WB. Results HSP90B1 was upregulated in HNSC cells and tissues. High HSP90B1 levels were associated with T-stage, M-stage, clinical stage, and poor prognosis in HNSC patients. Functionally, HSP90B1 promotes HNSC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibits apoptosis. We discovered that HSP90B1 obstructs autophagy and advances HNSC progression through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that HSP90B1 is highly expressed in HNSC. Furthermore, HSP90B1 may regulate autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, mediating HNSC cell biological behaviors. These provide new insights into potential biomarkers and targets for HNSC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiping Su
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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3
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Stofberg ML, Muzenda FL, Achilonu I, Strauss E, Zininga T. In silico screening of selective ATP mimicking inhibitors targeting the Plasmodium falciparum Grp94. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38498364 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2329304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum parasites export more than 400 proteins to remodel the host cell environment and increase its chances of surviving and reproducing. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a central role in protein export by facilitating protein sorting and folding. The ER resident member of the Hsp90 family, glucose-regulated protein 94 (Grp94), is a molecular chaperone that facilitates the proper folding of client proteins in the ER lumen. In P. falciparum, Grp94 (PfGrp94) is essential for parasite survival, rendering it a promising anti-malarial drug target. Despite this, its druggability has not been fully explored. Consequently, this study sought to identify small molecule inhibitors targeting the PfGrp94. Potential small molecule inhibitors of PfGrp94 were designed and screened using in silico studies. Molecular docking studies indicate that two novel compounds, Compound S and Compound Z selectively bind to PfGrp94 over its human homologues. Comparatively, Compound Z had a higher affinity for PfGrp94 than Compound S. Further interrogation of the inhibitor binding using molecular dynamics (MD) analysis confirmed that Compound Z formed stable binding poses within the ATP-binding pocket of the PfGrp94 N-terminal domain (NTD) during the 250 ns simulation run. PfGrp94 interacted with Compound Z through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with residues Asp 148, Asn 106, Gly 152, Ile 151 and Lys 113. Based on the findings of this study, Compound Z could serve as a competitive and selective inhibitor of PfGrp94 and may be useful as a starting point for the development of a potential drug for malaria.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ikechukwu Achilonu
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Erick Strauss
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Tawanda Zininga
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Lechuga S, Marino-Melendez A, Naydenov NG, Zafar A, Braga-Neto MB, Ivanov AI. Regulation of Epithelial and Endothelial Barriers by Molecular Chaperones. Cells 2024; 13:370. [PMID: 38474334 PMCID: PMC10931179 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrity and permeability of epithelial and endothelial barriers depend on the formation of tight junctions, adherens junctions, and a junction-associated cytoskeleton. The establishment of this junction-cytoskeletal module relies on the correct folding and oligomerization of its protein components. Molecular chaperones are known regulators of protein folding and complex formation in different cellular compartments. Mammalian cells possess an elaborate chaperone network consisting of several hundred chaperones and co-chaperones. Only a small part of this network has been linked, however, to the regulation of intercellular adhesions, and the systematic analysis of chaperone functions at epithelial and endothelial barriers is lacking. This review describes the functions and mechanisms of the chaperone-assisted regulation of intercellular junctions. The major focus of this review is on heat shock protein chaperones, their co-chaperones, and chaperonins since these molecules are the focus of the majority of the articles published on the chaperone-mediated control of tissue barriers. This review discusses the roles of chaperones in the regulation of the steady-state integrity of epithelial and vascular barriers as well as the disruption of these barriers by pathogenic factors and extracellular stressors. Since cytoskeletal coupling is essential for junctional integrity and remodeling, chaperone-assisted assembly of the actomyosin cytoskeleton is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Lechuga
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Armando Marino-Melendez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Nayden G. Naydenov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Atif Zafar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
| | - Manuel B. Braga-Neto
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Andrei I. Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (S.L.); (A.M.-M.); (N.G.N.); (A.Z.); (M.B.B.-N.)
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5
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Lu Y, Li D, Ai H, Xie X, Jiang X, Afrasiyab, Zhang H, Xu J, Huang S. Glucose-regulated protein 94 facilitates the proliferation of the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus via inhibiting apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127158. [PMID: 37802442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucose regulatory protein 94 (GRP94) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident member of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family, that plays an important role in secreted protein folding. Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is one of the main pathogens in sericulture, causing serious economic losses every year. Previous studies showed that HSP90 members promote BmNPV replication in silkworm, but the function of BmGRP94 in BmNPV infection and proliferation is still not understood. In this study, we investigated the interplay between BmGRP94 and BmNPV infection in silkworm. We first identified a single gene of BmGRP94 in the Bombyx mori genome, which encodes a polypeptide with 810 amino acids in length. Spatio-temporal expression profiles showed that BmGRP94 was highly expressed in hemocytes and midgut, and was significantly induced by BmNPV infection. Furthermore, overexpression of BmGRP94 facilitates viral proliferation, while BmGRP94 inhibition evidently decreased BmNPV proliferation in BmN cells and in silkworm midgut. Mechanistically, BmGRP94 inhibition triggers ER stress, as judged by increased expression of PERK/ATF4/ERO1, H2O2 production, and ER calcium efflux, which promotes cell apoptosis to restrict BmNPV replication in silkworm. These results suggest that BmGRP94 plays an important role in facilitating BmNPV proliferation, and provides a potential molecular target for BmNPV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Danting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Heng Ai
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuzhi Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Afrasiyab
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hualing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Shoujun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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6
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Qin L, Wang J, Cheng F, Cheng J, Zhang H, Zheng H, Liu Y, Liang Z, Wang B, Li C, Wang H, Ju Y, Tian H, Meng S. GPC3 and PEG10 peptides associated with placental gp96 elicit specific T cell immunity against hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:4337-4354. [PMID: 37932427 PMCID: PMC10700408 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The placenta and tumors can exhibit a shared expression profile of proto-oncogenes. The basis of placenta-derived heat shock protein gp96, which induces prophylactic and therapeutic T cell responses against cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remains unknown. Here, we identified the associated long peptides from human placental gp96 using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight and mass spectrometry and analyzed the achieved proteins through disease enrichment analysis. We found that placental gp96 binds to numerous peptides derived from 73 proteins that could be enriched in multiple cancer types. Epitope-harboring peptides from glypican 3 (GPC3) and paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) were the major antigens mediating anti-HCC T cell immunity. Molecular docking analysis showed that the GPC3- and PEG10-derived peptides, mainly obtained from the cytotrophoblast layer of the mature placenta, bind to the lumenal channel and client-bound domain of the gp96 dimer. Immunization with bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with recombinant gp96-GPC3 or recombinant gp96-PEG10 peptide complex induced specific T cell responses, and T cell transfusion led to pronounced growth inhibition of HCC tumors in nude mice. We demonstrated that the chaperone gp96 can capture antigenic peptides as an efficient approach for defining tumor rejection oncoantigens in the placenta and provide a basis for developing GPC3 and PEG10 peptide-based vaccines against HCC. This study provides insight into the underlying mechanism of the antitumor response mediated by embryonic antigens from fetal tissues, and this will incite more studies to identify potential tumor rejection antigens from placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuru Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiamin Cheng
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaguo Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhentao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baifeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changfei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.
| | | | - Songdong Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Wang W, Wang H. Understanding the complex genetics and molecular mechanisms underlying glaucoma. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 94:101220. [PMID: 37856931 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Currently the only effective treatment for glaucoma is to reduce the intraocular pressure, which can halt the progression of the disease. Highlighting the importance of identifying individuals at risk of developing glaucoma and those with early-stage glaucoma will help patients receive treatment before sight loss. However, some cases of glaucoma do not have raised intraocular pressure. In fact, glaucoma is caused by a variety of different mechanisms and has a wide range of different subtypes. Understanding other risk factors, the underlying mechanisms, and the pathology of glaucoma might lead to novel treatments and treatment of underlying diseases. In this review we present the latest research into glaucoma including the genetics and molecular basis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Shaanxi Eye Hospital, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), Affiliated People's Hospital, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Huaizhou Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100730, China
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8
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Zhao S, Hu Q, Jiang H, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Feng C, Li X. Multi-omics analysis of oxidative stress and apoptosis in hepatopancreas cells induced by Polyascus gregaria parasitizing the Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 143:109180. [PMID: 37863124 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Polyascus gregaria, a parasitic barnacle, poses a significant threat to Eriocheir sinensis farms by inhibiting crab growth. However, the molecular and pathological mechanisms behind P. gregaria infection in the hepatopancreas of E. sinensis remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact and underlying mechanisms of P. gregaria infection on E. sinensis through analyzing the infected hepatopancreatic tissues by tandem mass tag technology and RNA-Seq high-throughput sequencing. Among the identified 10,693 differentially expressed genes, 294 genes were significantly altered following P. gregaria infection, including 92 upregulated and 202 downregulated genes. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses further revealed the involvement of these genes in oxidative decomposition, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and hepatopancreas metabolism. Meanwhile, the identified 253 differentially expressed proteins, including 143 upregulated and 110 downregulated proteins, are mainly related to cellular and metabolic processes, catalytic activity, and cell components. The pathway analysis indicated their enrichment in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, and actin cytoskeleton regulation. The involvement of these differentially expressed genes and proteins in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors pathway during host immune responses against P. gregaria infection has been highlighted. Furthermore, pathological examinations and biochemical indicators jointly demonstrated the hepatopancreatic damage and increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in the infected E. sinensis. Collectively, our study provides crucial insights into the mechanisms underlying the E. sinensis-P. gregaria interactions, and may contribute to the development of novel strategies for parasite control and reducing economic losses in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Qingbiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongbo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Linong Testing (Binzhou) Co., Ltd., Binzhou Bohai Advanced Technology Research Institute, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Chengcheng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Liaoning Province, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Qian L, Liang Z, Wang Z, Wang J, Li X, Zhao J, Li Z, Chen L, Liu Y, Ju Y, Li C, Meng S. Cellular gp96 upregulates AFP expression by blocking NR5A2 SUMOylation and ubiquitination in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad027. [PMID: 37204028 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a substantial proportion of HCC patients have either normal or marginally increased AFP levels in serum, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that heat shock protein gp96 promoted AFP expression at the transcriptional level in HCC. NR5A2 was identified as a key transcription factor for the AFP gene, and its stability was enhanced by gp96. A further mechanistic study by co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, and molecular docking showed gp96 and the SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 competitively binding to NR5A2 at the sites spanning from aa 507 to aa 539. The binding of gp96 inhibited SUMOylation, ubiquitination, and subsequent degradation of NR5A2. In addition, clinical analysis of HCC patients indicated that gp96 expression in tumors was positively correlated with serum AFP levels. Therefore, our study uncovered a novel mechanism that gp96 regulates the stability of its client proteins by directly affecting their SUMOylation and ubiquitination. These findings will help in designing more accurate AFP-based HCC diagnosis and progression monitoring approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhentao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiuru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Ju
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Songdong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Chiosis G, Digwal CS, Trepel JB, Neckers L. Structural and functional complexity of HSP90 in cellular homeostasis and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:797-815. [PMID: 37524848 PMCID: PMC10592246 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a chaperone with vital roles in regulating proteostasis, long recognized for its function in protein folding and maturation. A view is emerging that identifies HSP90 not as one protein that is structurally and functionally homogeneous but, rather, as a protein that is shaped by its environment. In this Review, we discuss evidence of multiple structural forms of HSP90 in health and disease, including homo-oligomers and hetero-oligomers, also termed epichaperomes, and examine the impact of stress, post-translational modifications and co-chaperones on their formation. We describe how these variations influence context-dependent functions of HSP90 as well as its interaction with other chaperones, co-chaperones and proteins, and how this structural complexity of HSP90 impacts and is impacted by its interaction with small molecule modulators. We close by discussing recent developments regarding the use of HSP90 inhibitors in cancer and how our new appreciation of the structural and functional heterogeneity of HSP90 invites a re-evaluation of how we discover and implement HSP90 therapeutics for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane B Trepel
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Castelli M, Yan P, Rodina A, Digwal CS, Panchal P, Chiosis G, Moroni E, Colombo G. How aberrant N-glycosylation can alter protein functionality and ligand binding: An atomistic view. Structure 2023; 31:987-1004.e8. [PMID: 37343552 PMCID: PMC10526633 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Protein-assembly defects due to an enrichment of aberrant conformational protein variants are emerging as a new frontier in therapeutics design. Understanding the structural elements that rewire the conformational dynamics of proteins and pathologically perturb functionally oriented ensembles is important for inhibitor development. Chaperones are hub proteins for the assembly of multiprotein complexes and an enrichment of aberrant conformers can affect the cellular proteome, and in turn, phenotypes. Here, we integrate computational and experimental tools to investigte how N-glycosylation of specific residues in glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) modulates internal dynamics and alters the conformational fitness of regions fundamental for the interaction with ATP and synthetic ligands and impacts substructures important for the recognition of interacting proteins. N-glycosylation plays an active role in modulating the energy landscape of GRP94, and we provide support for leveraging the knowledge on distinct glycosylation variants to design molecules targeting GRP94 disease-associated conformational states and assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Castelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Pengrong Yan
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Rodina
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chander S Digwal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Palak Panchal
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiosis
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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