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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF, Mkrtchyan FA, Xue Y. Mission to Mars: effective tools for searching and diagnosing water resources. REMOTE SENSING LETTERS 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/2150704x.2022.2033346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Costas A. Varotsos
- Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, Athens, Greece
- School of Environment Science and Geoinformatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Vladimir F. Krapivin
- Kotelnikov’s Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Fryazino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Russia
| | - Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan
- Kotelnikov’s Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Fryazino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Russia
| | - Yong Xue
- School of Environment Science and Geoinformatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby, UK
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Solar Cycle Signal in Climate and Artificial Neural Networks Forecasting. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14030751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural climate variability is partially attributed to solar radiative forcing. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the influence of solar variability on the Earth’s climate system. The object of this work is the estimation of the variation of multiple climatic parameters (temperature, zonal wind, relative and specific humidity, sensible and latent surface heat flux, cloud cover and precipitable water) in response to solar cycle forcing. An additional goal is to estimate the response of the climate system’s parameters to short-term solar variability in multiple forecasting horizons and to evaluate the behavior of the climate system in shorter time scales. The solar cycle is represented by the 10.7 cm solar flux, a measurement collected by terrestrial radio telescopes, and is provided by NOAA/NCEI/STP, whereas the climatic data are provided by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis 1 project. The adopted methodology includes the development of a linear regression statistical model in order to calculate the climatic parameters’ feedback to the 11-year solar cycle on a monthly scale. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have been employed to forecast the solar indicator time series for up to 6 months in advance. The climate system’s response is further forecasted using the ANN’s estimated values and the regression equations. The results show that the variation of the climatic parameters can be partially attributed to solar variability. The solar-induced variation of each of the selected parameters, averaged globally, was of an order of magnitude of 10−1–10−3, and the corresponding correlation coefficients (Pearson’s r) were relatively low (−0.5–0.5). Statistically significant areas with relatively high solar cycle signals were found at multiple pressure levels and geographical areas, which can be attributed to various mechanisms.
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Varotsos C, Efstathiou M, Christodoulakis J. The lesson learned from the unprecedented ozone hole in the Arctic in 2020; A novel nowcasting tool for such extreme events. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2020; 207:105330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos C, Mazei Y, Efstathiou M. Paleoecological and recent data show a steady temporal evolution of carbon dioxide and temperature. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 11:714-722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Mazei YA. Future Temperature Extremes Will Be More Harmful: A New Critical Factor for Improved Forecasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16204015. [PMID: 31635142 PMCID: PMC6843981 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that extreme weather events such as frequent and intense cold spells and heat waves cause unprecedented deaths and diseases in both developed and developing countries. Thus, they require extensive and immediate research to limit the risks involved. Average temperatures in Europe in June-July 2019 were the hottest ever measured and attributed to climate change. The problem, however, of a thorough study of natural climate change is the lack of experimental data from the long past, where anthropogenic activity was then very limited. Today, this problem can be successfully resolved using, inter alia, biological indicators that have provided reliable environmental information for thousands of years in the past. The present study used high-resolution quantitative reconstruction data derived from biological records of Lake Silvaplana sediments covering the period 1181-1945. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a slight temperature change in the past could trigger current or future intense temperature change or changes. Modern analytical tools were used for this purpose, which eventually showed that temperature fluctuations were persistent. That is, they exhibit long memory with scaling behavior, which means that an increase (decrease) in temperature in the past was always followed by another increase (decrease) in the future with multiple amplitudes. Therefore, the increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme temperature events due to climate change will be more pronounced than expected. This will affect human well-being and mortality more than that estimated in today's modeling scenarios. The scaling property detected here can be used for more accurate monthly to decadal forecasting of extreme temperature events. Thus, it is possible to develop improved early warning systems that will reduce the public health risk at local, national, and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas A Varotsos
- Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, 15784 Athens, Greece.
- Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 199991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yuri A Mazei
- Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 199991 Moscow, Russia.
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Christodoulakis J, Varotsos C, Mavromichalaki H, Efstathiou M, Gerontidou M. On the link between atmospheric cloud parameters and cosmic rays. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2019; 189:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF. Modeling the state of marine ecosystems: A case study of the Okhotsk Sea. JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS 2019; 194:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos C, Efstathiou M, Christodoulakis J. Abrupt changes in global tropospheric temperature. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 2019; 217:114-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos C, Efstathiou M. Has global warming already arrived? JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2019; 182:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF. Pollution of Arctic Waters Has Reached a Critical Point: an Innovative Approach to This Problem. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2018; 229:343. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-4004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos P, Efstathiou M, Varotsos C. Anomalous mesospheric ozone variability is not a precursor to earthquakes: A case study in Greece. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2018; 179:181-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Sarlis NV, Efstathiou M. On the association between the recent episode of the quasi-biennial oscillation and the strong El Niño event. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2018; 133:569-577. [DOI: 10.1007/s00704-017-2191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Krapivin VF, Varotsos CA. Nature-society system survivability model: Simulations of the principal natural and anthropogenic processes. ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 24:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN, Cracknell AP. On the association of aerosol optical depth and total ozone fluctuations with recent earthquakes in Greece. ACTA GEOPHYSICA 2017; 65:659-665. [DOI: 10.1007/s11600-017-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN, Cracknell AP. On the temporal evolution of the tropical stratospheric ozone. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2017; 157-158:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Christodoulakis J, Tzanis CG, Varotsos CA, Ferm M, Tidblad J. Impacts of air pollution and climate on materials in Athens, Greece. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:439-448. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-439-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. For more than 10 years now the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, has contributed to the UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) ICP Materials (International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials including Historic and Cultural Monuments) programme for monitoring the corrosion/soiling levels of different kinds of materials due to environmental air-quality parameters. In this paper we present the results obtained from the analysis of observational data that were collected in Athens during the period 2003–2012. According to these results, the corrosion/soiling of the particular exposed materials tends to decrease over the years, except for the case of copper. Based on this long experimental database that is applicable to the multi-pollutant situation in the Athens basin, we present dose–response functions (DRFs) considering that dose stands for the air pollutant concentration, response for the material mass loss (normally per annum) and function, the relationship derived by the best statistical fit to the data.
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Krapivin VF, Varotsos CA. Modelling the CO2 atmosphere-ocean flux in the upwelling zones using radiative transfer tools. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2016; 150-151:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Mazei YA, Burkovsky I, Efstathiou MN, Tzanis CG. Climate scaling behaviour in the dynamics of the marine interstitial ciliate community. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2016; 125:439-447. [DOI: 10.1007/s00704-015-1520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Tzanis C, Cracknell AP. Precursory signals of the major El Niño Southern Oscillation events. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2016; 124:903-912. [DOI: 10.1007/s00704-015-1464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Lovejoy S, Sarlis NV, Tzanis CG, Efstathiou MN. On the scaling of the solar incident flux. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2015; 15:7301-7306. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. It was recently found that spectral solar incident flux (SIF) as a function of the ultraviolet wavelengths exhibits 1/f-type power-law correlations. In this study, an attempt was made to explore the residues of the SIF with respect to the Planck law over a wider range of wavelengths, from 115.5 to 629.5 nm. Using spectral, Haar and Detrended Fluctuation analyses, we show that over the range from 10–20 nm to the maximum lag (≈ 500 nm), the SIF residues have a scaling regime with fluctuation exponent H ≈ 0.37 but with high intermittency (C1 ≈ 0.16, multifractal index α≈ 1.7) and spectral exponent ≈ 1.46. Over the shorter wavelengths range we found on the contrary low intermittency (C1 ≈ 0) with spectral exponent ≈ 1 and H ≈ 0.
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Varotsos CA, Melnikova IN, Cracknell AP, Tzanis C, Vasilyev AV. New spectral functions of the near-ground albedo derived from aircraft diffraction spectrometer observations. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2014; 14:6953-6965. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-6953-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The airborne spectral observations of the upward and downward irradiances are revisited to investigate the dependence of the near-ground albedo as a function of wavelength in the entire solar spectrum for different surfaces (sand, water, snow) and under different conditions (clear or cloudy sky). The radiative upward and downward fluxes were determined by a diffraction spectrometer flown on a research aircraft that was performing multiple flight paths near the ground. The results obtained show that the near-ground albedo does not generally increase with increasing wavelengths for all kinds of surfaces as is widely believed today. Particularly, in the case of water surfaces it was found that the albedo in the ultraviolet region is more or less independent of the wavelength on a long-term basis. Interestingly, in the visible and near-infrared spectra the water albedo obeys an almost constant power-law relationship with wavelength. In the case of sand surfaces it was found that the sand albedo is a quadratic function of wavelength, which becomes more accurate if the ultraviolet wavelengths are neglected. Finally, it was found that the spectral dependence of snow albedo behaves similarly to that of water, i.e. both decrease from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared wavelengths by 20–50%, despite the fact that their values differ by one order of magnitude (water albedo being lower). In addition, the snow albedo vs. ultraviolet wavelength is almost constant, while in the visible near-infrared spectrum the best simulation is achieved by a second-order polynomial, as in the case of sand, but with opposite slopes.
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