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Rondanelli M, Moroni A, Zese M, Gasparri C, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Perna S, Mazzola G. Vitamin D from UV-Irradiated Mushrooms as a Way for Vitamin D Supplementation: A Systematic Review on Classic and Nonclassic Effects in Human and Animal Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030736. [PMID: 36978984 PMCID: PMC10045067 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent literature has shown that vitamin D, in addition to its well-known activity on the skeleton, has many positive effects on health. Unfortunately, it is not easy to meet intake needs solely with food. Mushrooms could provide a valid way to achieve this goal, because they are one of the few sources of vitamin D. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize what has been reported in the literature on the treatment of animal and human models with irradiated commercial mushrooms, with particular attention paid to the effects on clinical outcomes associated with the classical and nonclassical vitamin D functions. A total of 18 articles were selected. Six studies were conducted on human samples, while twelve were focused on animal models. The six studies conducted in humans involved a large number of subjects (663), but the treatment period was relatively short (1–6 months). Furthermore, the treatment dosage was different in the various groups (600–3800 IU/day). Probably for this reason, the studies did not demonstrate clinical efficacy on the parameters evaluated (cognitive functions, muscle system/function, metabolic syndrome). Indeed, those studies demonstrated an efficacy in increasing the blood levels of 25(OH)D2, but not in increasing the levels of 25(OH)D total. In 9 of 12 studies conducted on the animal model, however, a clinical efficacy on bone metabolism, inflammation, and cognitive performance was demonstrated. The results of this systematic review indicate that the intake of vitamin D from irradiated mushrooms could possibly help to meet vitamin D needs, but the dosage and the time of treatment tested need to be evaluated. Therefore, studies conducted in humans for longer periods than the studies carried out up to now are necessary, with defined dosages, in order to also evaluate the clinical efficacy demonstrated in animal models both for the classical (bone metabolism) and nonclassical (muscle function, cognitive performance, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities) effects of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Moroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382381739
| | - Marco Zese
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Simone Perna
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzola
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi Alla Persona ‘‘Istituto Santa Margherita’’, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Xie L, Huang Z, Meng H, Fan Z, Shi X, Xie J. Role of genistein on the yield, structure and immunomodulatory activity of Monascus exopolysaccharides. Food Funct 2022; 13:1393-1407. [PMID: 35045151 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03621a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Manipulating the structures, physicochemical properties, and monosaccharide compositions of exopolysaccharides (EPS) isolated from microorganisms has been reported to enhance their biological activities. Hence, the aim of this work was to examine the effects of genistein addition during fermentation on the amount, physicochemical properties, and immunomodulatory activity of EPS secreted by M. purpureus. Results showed that genistein addition significantly increased M. purpureus biomass and EPS yield to 2.42 g L-1 and 6.08 g L-1, respectively, and affected the physicochemical properties and structures of EPS. Furthermore, EPS produced by genistein-treated M. purpureus (G-EMP) improved the immunomodulatory activity of RAW264.7 macrophages by increasing the secretion of nitric oxide and cytokines. Moreover, phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinase (p-ERK), phospho-p38 (p-p38) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) phospho-p65 (p65) proteins were remarkably upregulated by G-EMP stimulation, blocking Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) that dramatically reduced the pinocytic and phagocytic capacities. Overall, these findings provide potential rationales for the application of genistein in improving the EPS yield of M. purpureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China. .,Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China. .,Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hui Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China. .,Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhibing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China. .,Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China. .,Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, No. 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Samad N, Imran A, Bhatti SA, Imran I, Alqahtani F, Alasmari AF, Sivandzade F. Vitamin D2 protects acute and repeated noise stress induced behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological alterations: Possible antioxidant effect. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:601-609. [PMID: 35002456 PMCID: PMC8716964 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Noise is an environmental stressor which causes distress and hearing loss in individuals residing in urban areas. Psychological deficits such as anxiety, depression, impaired memory and cognitive decline are caused by noise stress. Different vitamins have been used as a potential antioxidant for neuronal protection. In this study we investigate the anxiolytic, antidepressant and memory enhancing effect of vitamin D2 (Vit D2) following noise stress. Thirty-six albino rats were randomly divided into six groups. (i) Unstressed + corn oil (ii) Unstressed + Vit D2 (iii) Acute noise stress + corn oil (iv) Acute noise stress + Vit D2 (v) Repeated noise stress + corn oil (vi) Repeated noise stress + Vit D2. 600 IU/kg body weight of Vit D2 dosage was prepared in corn oil. Corn oil is used as vehicle and all the drugs administered via oral gavage till end of the experiment (day 16). Recorded sound of generator which was amplified by speakers and had 100 dB intensity was used as noise stress. Repeated stressed animals were exposed to noise (4-hrs) daily for 14 days, while acute stressed animals were exposed to noise (4-hrs) once after 14 days. Behavioral tests (elevated plus maze, light dark box, tail suspension test and Morris water maze) of all groups were performed after15 days treatment period. After behavioral tests rats received their last dosage and decapitated after 1-hr. Brain of all animals was removed and used for biochemical (oxidative stress biomarker, antioxidant enzymes and acetylcholinesterase) and histopathological estimations. Results show that Vit D2 decreased time spent in light box and open arm of light dark activity box and elevated plus maze test respectively (used for anxiety evaluation), decreased immobility time in tail suspension test (for depression) and improved cognitive ability evaluated by Morris water maze test in acute and repeated noise stressed rats. Furthermore, increased antioxidant enzymes activity, decreased lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase activity were also observed in Vit D2 treated animals following acute and repeated noise stress. Normalization in histopathological studies was also observed in Vit D2 treated following acute and repeated noise stress. It is concluded that Vit D2 protects from noise stress induced behavioral, biochemical and histopathological impairment through its antioxidant potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreen Samad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Imran
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz A Bhatti
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Imran Imran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800 Multan, Pakistan
| | - Faleh Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Foundation Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of vitamin D2 and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms on acute myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in diabetic rats. METHODS Rats were divided into control rats, diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats received ISO (DM-ISO), and diabetic rats pretreated with vitamin D2 and received ISO (DM-D2-ISO). RESULTS Vitamin D2 pretreatment significantly decreased fasting glucose and myocardial malondialdehyde, associated with increased insulin, myocardial glutathione and superoxide dismutase in DM-D2-ISO versus DM-ISO. The serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL were significantly decreased, along with increased HDL and adiponectin. Poly-ADP ribose polymerase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, caspase-3, BAX, and p53 were significantly downregulated in myocardium of DM-D2-ISO versus DM-ISO. Histological studies showed diminished inflammatory cells infiltration in myocardium of DM-D2-ISO versus DM-ISO. CONCLUSION Vitamin D2 ameliorates hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia, redox imbalance, inflammatory and apoptotic processes, protecting the myocardium of diabetic rats against acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M El Agaty
- a Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
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Do bioactive components in non-animal food sources contribute to the beneficial health effect of a Japanese dietary pattern? Public Health Nutr 2019; 22:2469-2471. [DOI: 10.1017/s136898001900154x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Yue Y, Hymøller L, Jensen SK, Lauridsen C. Effect of vitamin D treatments on plasma metabolism and immune parameters of healthy dairy cows. Arch Anim Nutr 2018; 72:205-220. [PMID: 29561174 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2018.1448564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the possible beneficial effect of vitamin D repletion on certain immune parameters of vitamin D insufficient dairy cows. Twenty dairy cows in late lactation were treated daily with vitamin D in five different ways: sunlight exposure (SUN), D2 supplementation combined with sunlight exposure (D2SUN), D2 supplementation (D2), D3 supplementation (D3), and D2 and D3 supplementation combined (D2D3). The cows had very low vitamin D levels at d 0 because of the vitamin D deprivation before the study. After 1 month of vitamin D repletion, all cows had plasma 25(OH)D levels within the normal range. Total 25(OH)D concentration was significantly higher in SUN, D2SUN and D2D3 than D2 or D3 at the end of the study. However, milk yield, as well as protein and fat content of the milk, was not influenced by vitamin D treatments. There was no difference obtained in the measured immune parameters: Leucocyte populations, somatic cell count, immunoglobulin concentrations in plasma and milk, and antigen-stimulated cytokine productions did not change in response to vitamin D repletion or difference in vitamin D sources, and no relations to plasma 25(OH)D levels were identified. Despite the fact that plasma 25(OH)D increased from a very low level to normal range, the present study did not show any effect of vitamin D repletion on the tested immune parameters of healthy dairy cows. Therefore, in this study, it was concluded that repletion to physiologically normal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels of vitamin D-depleted healthy dairy cows had no influence on immune parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- a College of Veterinary Medicine , China Agricultural University , Beijing , China.,b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
| | - Lone Hymøller
- b Department of Animal Science , Aarhus University , Tjele , Denmark
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Taofiq O, Fernandes Â, Barros L, Barreiro MF, Ferreira IC. UV-irradiated mushrooms as a source of vitamin D 2 : A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Babu US, Balan KV, Bigley E, Pereira M, Black T, Olejnik N, Keltner Z, Sprando RL. Effects of maternal silver acetate exposure on immune biomarkers in a rodent model. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 98:195-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Calvo MS, Mehrotra A, Beelman RB, Nadkarni G, Wang L, Cai W, Goh BC, Kalaras MD, Uribarri J. A Retrospective Study in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: Diabetic Risk Factor Response to Daily Consumption of Agaricus bisporus (White Button Mushrooms). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 71:245-251. [PMID: 27193019 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-016-0552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adults with metabolic syndrome from different race/ethnicities are often predisposed to developing type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, growing evidence suggests that healthy diets and lifestyle choices can significantly slow or prevent progression to T2D. This poorly understood relationship to healthy dietary patterns and prevention of T2D motivated us to conduct a retrospective analysis to determine the potential impact of a minor dietary lifestyle change (daily mushroom consumption) on known T2D risk factors in racially diverse adults with confirmed features of the metabolic syndrome. Retrospectively, we studied 37 subjects who had participated in a dietary intervention focused on vitamin D bioavailability from white button mushrooms (WBM). All 37 had previously completed a 16-week study where they consumed 100 g of WBM daily and were then followed-up for one month during which no mushrooms were consumed. We analyzed differences in serum risk factors from baseline to 16-week, and from baseline to one-month follow-up. Measurement of serum diabetic risk factors included inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and the antioxidant component naturally rich in mushrooms, ergothioneine. Significant beneficial health effects were observed at 16-week with the doubling of ergothioneine from baseline, increases in the antioxidant marker ORAC (oxygen radical absorption capacity) and anti-inflammatory hormone, adiponectin and significant decreases in serum oxidative stress inducing factors, carboxymethyllysine (CML) and methylglyoxal (MG), but no change in the lipid oxidative stress marker 8-isoprostane, leptin or measures of insulin resistance or glucose metabolism. We conclude that WBM contain a variety of compounds with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant health benefits that can occur with frequent consumption over time in adults predisposed to T2D. Well-controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify the specific mushroom components beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona S Calvo
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, MOD-1, HFS-025, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA
| | - Anita Mehrotra
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1147, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Robert B Beelman
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 202 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1147, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute, National University Singapore, 14 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Weijing Cai
- Department of Geriatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute, National University Singapore, 14 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Michael D Kalaras
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 202 Rodney A. Erickson Food Science Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jaime Uribarri
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1147, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Cashman KD, Kiely M, Seamans KM, Urbain P. Effect of Ultraviolet Light-Exposed Mushrooms on Vitamin D Status: Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Reanalysis of Biobanked Sera from a Randomized Controlled Trial and a Systematic Review plus Meta-Analysis. J Nutr 2016; 146:565-75. [PMID: 26865648 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.223784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trial (RCT) data on the response of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in healthy participants consuming UV light-exposed edible mushrooms are limited and mixed. OBJECTIVE The objective was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of responses of serum 25(OH)D [and serum 25-hydroxyergocalciferol, 25(OH)D2, and serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 25(OH)D3, if available] to consumption of UV-exposed mushrooms by healthy participants. Biobanked sera from one RCT (originally analyzed by immunoassay) were reanalyzed by LC-MS/MS to generate serum 25(OH)D2 and serum 25(OH)D3 data. METHODS Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched for RCTs of UV-exposed mushrooms and data on serum 25(OH)D. Studies were screened for eligibility, and relevant data were extracted. Serum 25(OH)D data were re-analyzed by ANOVA and paired t tests. RESULTS Our structured search yielded 6 RCTs meeting our inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of all 6 RCTs showed serum 25(OH)D was not significantly increased (P = 0.12) by UV-exposed mushrooms, but there was high heterogeneity (I(2) = 87%). Including only the 3 European-based RCTs [mean baseline 25(OH)D, 38.6 nmol/L], serum 25(OH)D was increased significantly by UV-exposed mushrooms [weighted mean difference (WMD): 15.2 nmol/L; 95% CI: 1.5, 28.8 nmol/L, P = 0.03, I(2) = 88%], whereas there was no significant effect in the 3 US-based RCTs [P = 0.83; mean baseline 25(OH)D: 81.5 nmol/L]. Analysis of serum 25(OH)D2 and serum 25(OH)D3 (n = 5 RCTs) revealed a statistically significant increase (WMD: 20.6 nmol/L; 95% CI: 8.0, 33.3 nmol/L, P = 0.001, I(2 =) 99%) and decrease (WMD: -13.3 nmol/L; 95% CI: -15.8, -10.7 nmol/L, P < 0.00001, I(2) = 0%) after supplementation with UV-exposed mushrooms. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of UV-exposed mushrooms may increase serum 25(OH)D when baseline vitamin D status is low via an increase in 25(OH)D2 (24.2 nmol/L) and despite a concomitant but relatively smaller reduction in 25(OH)D3 (-12.6 nmol/L). When baseline vitamin D status is high, the mean increase in 25(OH)D2 (18.3 nmol/L) and a relatively similar reduction in 25(OH)D3 (-13.6 nmol/L) may explain the lack of effect on serum 25(OH)D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Cashman
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine,
| | - Mairead Kiely
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and
| | - Kelly M Seamans
- Cork Centre for Vitamin D and Nutrition Research, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences
| | - Paul Urbain
- Department of Medicine, Section of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, University Medical Centre Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Phan CW, David P, Wong KH, Naidu M, Sabaratnam V. Uridine from Pleurotus giganteus and Its Neurite Outgrowth Stimulatory Effects with Underlying Mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143004. [PMID: 26565787 PMCID: PMC4643974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are linked to neuronal cell death and impairment of neurite outgrowth. An edible mushroom, Pleurotus giganteus was found to stimulate neurite outgrowth in vitro but the chemical constituents and the underlying mechanism is yet to be elucidated. The chemical constituents of P. giganteus (linoleic acid, oleic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, and uridine) were tested for neurite outgrowth activity. Uridine (100 μM) was found to increase the percentage of neurite-bearing cells of differentiating neuroblastoma (N2a) cells by 43.1±0.5%, which was 1.8-fold higher than NGF (50 ng/mL)-treated cells. Uridine which was present in P. giganteus (1.80±0.03 g/100g mushroom extract) increased the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and protein kinase B (Akt). Further, phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was also increased. MEK/ERK and PI3K-Akt-mTOR further induced phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) and expression of growth associated protein 43 (GAP43); all of which promoted neurite outgrowth of N2a cells. This study demonstrated that P. giganteus may enhance neurite outgrowth and one of the key bioactive molecules responsible for neurite outgrowth is uridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Phan
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Learning and Teaching, UCSI University, No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (CWP); (VS)
| | - Pamela David
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Hui Wong
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murali Naidu
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vikineswary Sabaratnam
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (CWP); (VS)
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Bioavailability of vitamin D2 from enriched mushrooms in prediabetic adults: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:1154-60. [PMID: 25117997 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Based on the growing evidence of risk reduction from fresh fruit and vegetable consumption and an inverse relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we determined the benefits of regularly consuming vitamin D-enriched mushrooms in a prediabetic cohort. Exposing edible mushrooms to ultraviolet B (UVB) light increases vitamin D2 (D2) and raises serum 25OHD2 in healthy young adults; however, their benefit to deficient prediabetics and glucose metabolism remains untested. SUBJECTS/METHODS Forty-three prediabetic, D-deficient adults (25OHD≤20 ng/ml), BMI>25 were randomized to four groups consuming daily entrées containing 100 g fresh sliced cooked mushrooms prepared by a chef for 16 weeks. Two groups were fed UVB-treated mushrooms initially containing: 600 IU D2 or 4000 IU D2; each one also received one capsule of placebo daily. Two control groups were fed untreated mushrooms and D3 dietary supplements at two label doses: 600 IU D3 and 4000 IU D3. D2 and D3 content were analyzed in mushrooms, before and after cooking and in over-the-counter supplements. RESULTS After 16 weeks, both D2-UVB-mushroom entrée doses, which were significantly lower after cooking, produced modest or no increases in 25OHD2 or total 25OHD relative to the positive control subjects who actually consumed about 1242 and 7320 IU per day of D3 (higher than stated on the label). CONCLUSIONS Unanticipated D2 cooking loss from fresh UVB mushrooms and probable low absorption and/or hydroxylation may explain the smaller increase in 25OHD2 in our prediabetic overweight/obese cohort compared with past findings in younger, healthy subjects. Moreover, no dose or vitamin D source was associated with modifying T2D risk factors.
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