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Chen M, Tan J, Jin Z, Jiang T, Wu J, Yu X. Research progress on Sirtuins (SIRTs) family modulators. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116481. [PMID: 38522239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) represent a class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases that exert a crucial role in cellular signal transduction and various biological processes. The mammalian sirtuins family encompasses SIRT1 to SIRT7, exhibiting therapeutic potential in counteracting cellular aging, modulating metabolism, responding to oxidative stress, inhibiting tumors, and improving cellular microenvironment. These enzymes are intricately linked to the occurrence and treatment of diverse pathological conditions, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular disorders. Given the significance of histone modification in gene expression and chromatin structure, maintaining the equilibrium of the sirtuins family is imperative for disease prevention and health restoration. Mounting evidence suggests that modulators of SIRTs play a crucial role in treating various diseases and maintaining physiological balance. This review delves into the molecular structure and regulatory functions of the sirtuins family, reviews the classification and historical evolution of SIRTs modulators, offers a systematic overview of existing SIRTs modulation strategies, and elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of SIRTs modulators (agonists and inhibitors) and their clinical applications. The article concludes by summarizing the challenges encountered in SIRTs modulator research and offering insights into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Chen
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfei Tan
- School of Medicine Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Jin
- Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiabiao Wu
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Wujin Hospital Affiliated with Jiangsu University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China; The Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Cintron SA, Pierce J, Sardiu ME, Mahoney D, Peltzer J, Gupta B, Shen Q. Differences in Leukocyte Transcriptomes of Morbidly Obese Patients With High Output Heart Failure: A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEART FAILURE 2023; 5:201-212. [PMID: 37937202 PMCID: PMC10625880 DOI: 10.36628/ijhf.2023.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Heart failure is characterized by alterations of gene expression that provide insight into the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. However, obesity-related high output heart failure (HOHF) is a specific phenotype of heart failure that has not been studied using gene expression. Our aim in this study was to examine the variances in leukocyte transcriptomes of morbidly obese patients with HOHF. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we applied stranded total RNA-sequencing to six patients with morbid obesity and HOHF and 6 patients with morbid obesity and non-HOHF. Differential gene expression was calculated, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software was used to interpret the canonical pathways, functional changes, upstream regulators, and networks in these patients. Results We found in patients with HOHF that there were 116 differentially expressed genes with upregulation of 114 genes and downregulation of 2 genes. The differentially expressed genes were involved with cell proliferation, mitochondrial function, erythropoiesis, erythrocyte stability, and apoptosis. The top upregulated canonical pathways associated with differentially expressed genes were autophagy, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling, and senescence pathways. We identified GATA binding protein 1 as an upstream regulator and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells associated network. Conclusions We are the first to report the differential gene expression in patients with obesity-related HOHF and reveal the various pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the disease. Further research is needed to determine the role of cellular function and maintenance, inflammation, and iron homeostasis in obesity-related HOHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A. Cintron
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Janet Pierce
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Mihaela E. Sardiu
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Diane Mahoney
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jill Peltzer
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Bhanu Gupta
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Qiuhua Shen
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Quan X, Xin Y, Wang HL, Sun Y, Chen C, Zhang J. Implications of altered sirtuins in metabolic regulation and oral cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14752. [PMID: 36815979 PMCID: PMC9936870 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs 1-7) are a group of histone deacetylase enzymes with a wide range of enzyme activities that target a range of cellular proteins in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for posttranslational modifications by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP ribosylation (SIRT4, 6, and 7). A variety of cellular functions, including mitochondrial functions and functions in energy homeostasis, metabolism, cancer, longevity and ageing, are regulated by sirtuins. Compromised sirtuin functions and/or alterations in the expression levels of sirtuins may lead to several pathological conditions and contribute significantly to alterations in metabolic phenotypes as well as oral carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the basic characteristics of seven mammalian sirtuins. This review also emphasizes the key molecular mechanisms of sirtuins in metabolic regulation and discusses the possible relationships of sirtuins with oral cancers. This review will provide novel insight into new therapeutic approaches targeting sirtuins that may potentially lead to effective strategies for combating oral malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Quan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China,Department of Pathology, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - He-Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chanchan Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiangying Zhang
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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4
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Díaz A, Flores I, Treviño S. Neurotrophic fragments as therapeutic alternatives to ameliorate brain aging. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:51-56. [PMID: 35799508 PMCID: PMC9241392 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.331867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a global phenomenon and a complex biological process of all living beings that introduces various changes. During this physiological process, the brain is the most affected organ due to changes in its structural and chemical functions, such as changes in plasticity and decrease in the number, diameter, length, and branching of dendrites and dendritic spines. Likewise, it presents a great reduction in volume resulting from the contraction of the gray matter. Consequently, aging can affect not only cognitive functions, including learning and memory, but also the quality of life of older people. As a result of the phenomena, various molecules with notable neuroprotective capacity have been proposed, which provide a therapeutic alternative for people under conditions of aging or some neurodegenerative diseases. It is important to indicate that in recent years the use of molecules with neurotrophic activity has shown interesting results when evaluated in in vivo models. This review aims to describe the neurotrophic potential of molecules such as resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene), neurotrophins (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), and neurotrophic-type compounds such as the terminal carboxyl domain of the heavy chain of tetanus toxin, cerebrolysin, neuropeptide-12, and rapamycin. Most of these molecules have been evaluated by our research group. Studies suggest that these molecules exert an important therapeutic potential, restoring brain function in aging conditions or models of neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, our interest is in describing the current scientific evidence that supports the therapeutic potential of these molecules with active neurotrophic.
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Su T, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Hou Z, Han X, Yang F, Liu H. Resveratrol regulates Hsp60 in HEK 293T cells during activation of SIRT1 revealed by nascent protein labeling strategy. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8224. [PMID: 35517847 PMCID: PMC9034730 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resveratrol, a well-known natural compound and nutrient, activates the deacetylation ability of SIRT1, demonstrating p53-dependent apoptosis functions in many diseases. However, the nascent proteomic fluctuation caused by resveratrol is still unclear. Objective In this study, we investigated the effect of resveratrol on the nascent proteome and transcriptome initiated by SIRT1 activation, and we explored the mechanism of resveratrol in HEK 293T cells. Methods Bioorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) is a method used to metabolically label nascent proteins. In this strategy, L-azidohomoalanine (AHA) was used to replace methionine (Met) under different conditions. Taking advantage of the click reaction between AHA and terminal alkyne- and disulfide-functionalized agarose resin (TAD resin), we were able to efficiently separate stimulation responsive proteins from the pre-existing proteome. Resveratrol responsive proteins were identified by Liquid Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer/Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Furthermore, changes in mRNA levels were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. Results Integrational analysis revealed a resveratrol response in HEK 293T cells and showed that Hsp60 was downregulated at both the nascent protein and mRNA levels. Knockdown of SIRT1 and Hsp60 provides evidence that resveratrol downregulated Hsp60 through SIRT1 and that Hsp60 decreased p53 through the Akt pathway. Conclusions This study revealed dynamic changes in the nascent proteome and transcriptome in response to resveratrol in HEK 293T cells and demonstrated that resveratrol downregulates Hsp60 by activating SIRT1, which may be a possible mechanism by which resveratrol prevents p53-dependent apoptosis by regulating Hsp60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengyi Zhang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhanwu Hou
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huadong Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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6
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Yucel Gencoglu A, Irkec M, Kocabeyoglu S, Dikmen ZG, Karakaya J, Konstas AGP. Plasma levels of sirtuin and adiponectin in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, exfoliative glaucoma, and healthy controls. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:2893-2898. [PMID: 34878321 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211065216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare plasma levels of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and adiponectin (APN) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), exfoliative glaucoma (XFG), and healthy control subjects. METHODS This prospective case-control study collected plasma samples from 118 participants. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination before the acquisition of a plasma sample. Plasma samples were obtained from 40 POAG, 38 XFG, and 40 healthy control subjects without any evidence of systemic or ocular disease. Serum SIRT1 and APN levels were estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA (Elabscience, Houston, USA) method. Statistical analysis of results relied on Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square, analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, and linear regression analysis, where appropriate. RESULTS A significant decrease in SIRT1 levels was observed in POAG patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.004, Dunn's test). In contrast, no difference was detected between XFG and POAG patients or healthy controls (p = 0.32 and p = 0.34, respectively, Dunn's test). There was no significant difference in plasma APN levels between the three groups under investigation (p = 0.59, ANOVA). CONCLUSION Alterations in serum level of SIRT1 may suggest a possible role in POAG via potential effects in neuroprotection and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Yucel Gencoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, 64005University of Health Sciences, 64113Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Irkec
- Department of Ophthalmology, 64005Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sibel Kocabeyoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, 64005Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z Gunnur Dikmen
- Department of Biochemistry, 64005Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jale Karakaya
- Department of Biostatistics, 64005Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Liao FX, Huang F, Ma WG, Qin KP, Xu PF, Wu YF, Wang H, Chang J, Yin ZS. The New Role of Sirtuin1 in Human Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes by Regulating Autophagy. Cartilage 2021; 13:1237S-1248S. [PMID: 31072129 PMCID: PMC8804807 DOI: 10.1177/1947603519847736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the role of Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) in the regulation of autophagy for human osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes. DESIGN All cartilage samples were collected from human donors, including young group, aged group, and OA group. Primary chondrocytes were isolated and cultured with Sirt1 activator or inhibitor. Sirt1 expression in cartilage tissue and chondrocytes was evaluated, and the deacetylation activity of Sirt1 was determined. The alteration of autophagy activity after upregulating or downregulating Sirt1 was detected. Chondrocytes were treated with autophagy activator and inhibitor, and then the protein level of Sirt1 was examined. The interactions between Sirt1 and autophagy-related proteins Atg7, microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), and Beclin-1 were determined by using immunoprecipitation. RESULTS The assay of articular cartilage revealed that the expression of Sirt1 might be age-related: highly expressed in of younger people, and respectively decreased in the elderly people and OA patients. In vitro study was also validated this result. Further study confirmed that higher levels of Sirt1 significantly increased autophagy in aged chondrocytes, while the lower expression of Sirt1 reduced autophagy in young chondrocytes. Of note, the high levels of Sirt1 reduced autophagy in OA chondrocytes. When the chondrocytes were treated with autophagy activator or inhibitor, we found the expression of Sirt1 was not affected. In addition, we found that Sirt1 could interact with Atg7. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Sirt1 in human chondrocytes regulates autophagy by interacting with autophagy related Atg7, and Sirt1 may become a more important target in OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Xue Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s
Republic of China,Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Wen-Guang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Kun-Peng Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Yun-Feng Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Zong-Sheng Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth
Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of
China,Zong-Sheng Yin, Department of Orthopaedics,
The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road,
Hefei, Anhui Province 230022, China.
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8
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Impact of Dietary Modifications on Plasma Sirtuins 1, 3 and 5 in Older Overweight Individuals Undergoing 12-Weeks of Circuit Training. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113824. [PMID: 34836079 PMCID: PMC8624957 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases that regulate numerous pathways such as mitochondrial energy metabolism in the human body. Lower levels of these enzymes were linked to diseases such as diabetes mellitus and were also described as a result of aging. Sirtuins were previously shown to be under the control of exercise and diet, which are modifiable lifestyle factors. In this study, we analyzed SIRT1, SIRT3 and SIRT5 in blood from a subset of healthy elderly participants who took part in a 12-week randomized, controlled trial during which they performed, twice-weekly, resistance and aerobic training only (EX), the exercise routine combined with dietary counseling in accordance with the guidelines of the German Nutrition Society (EXDC), the exercise routine combined with intake of 2 g/day oil from Calanus finmarchicus (EXCO), or received no treatment and served as the control group (CON). In all study groups performing exercise, a significant increase in activities of SIRT1 (EX: +0.15 U/mg (+0.56/−[−0.16]), EXDC: +0.25 U/mg (+0.52/−0.06), EXCO: +0.40 U/mg (+0.88/−[−0.12])) and SIRT3 (EX: +0.80 U/mg (+3.18/−0.05), EXDC: 0.95 U/mg (+3.88/−0.55), EXCO: 1.60 U/mg (+2.85/−0.70)) was detected. Group comparisons revealed that differences in SIRT1 activity in EXCO and EXDC differed significantly from CON (CON vs. EXCO, p = 0.003; CON vs. EXDC, p = 0.010). For SIRT3, increases in all three intervention groups were significantly different from CON (CON vs. EX, p = 0.007; CON vs. EXDC, p < 0.001, CON vs. EXCO, p = 0.004). In contrast, differences in SIRT5-activities were less pronounced. Altogether, the analyses showed that the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3 increased in response to the exercise intervention and that this increase may potentially be enhanced by additional dietary modifications.
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Soni SK, Basu P, Singaravel M, Sharma R, Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP, Reiter RJ. Sirtuins and the circadian clock interplay in cardioprotection: focus on sirtuin 1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2503-2515. [PMID: 33388853 PMCID: PMC11073088 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms which include intricate molecular transcription-translation feedback loops of evolutionarily conserved clock genes has serious health consequences and negatively affects cardiovascular physiology. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are nuclear, cytoplasmic and mitochondrial histone deacetylases that influence the circadian clock with clock-controlled oscillatory protein, NAMPT, and its metabolite NAD+. Sirtuins are linked to the multi-organ protective role of melatonin, particularly in acute kidney injury and in cardiovascular diseases, where melatonin, via upregulation of SIRT1 expression, inhibits the apoptotic pathway. This review focuses on SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase which counterbalances the intrinsic histone acetyltransferase activity of one of the clock genes, CLOCK. SIRT1 is involved in the development of cardiomyocytes, regulation of voltage-gated cardiac sodium ion channels via deacetylation, prevention of atherosclerotic plaque formation in the cardiovascular system, protection against oxidative damage and anti-thrombotic actions. Overall, SIRT1 has a see-saw effect on cardioprotection, with low levels being cardioprotective and higher levels leading to cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar Soni
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Priyoneel Basu
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Muniyandi Singaravel
- Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ramaswamy Sharma
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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10
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Sharma A, Anand SK, Singh N, Dwarkanath A, Dwivedi UN, Kakkar P. Berbamine induced activation of the SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK signaling axis attenuates the development of hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats. Food Funct 2021; 12:892-909. [PMID: 33411880 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic metabolic disorder is concomitant with oxidative stress and inflammation. This study aimed to assess the effects of berbamine (BBM), a natural bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid with manifold biological activities and pharmacological effects on lipid, cholesterol and glucose metabolism in a rat model of NAFLD, and to explicate the potential mechanisms underlying its activity. BBM administration alleviated the increase in the body weight and liver index of HFD rats. The aberrations in liver function, serum parameters, and microscopic changes in the liver structure of HFD fed rats were significantly improved upon BBM administration. BBM also significantly attenuated oxidative damage and inhibited triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis. The SIRT1 deacetylase activity was also enhanced by BBM through liver kinase B1 and activated AMP-activated protein kinase. Activation of the SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK pathway prevented the downstream target ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) and elevation in the expression of FAS (fatty acid synthase) and SCD1 (steroyl CoA desaturase). BBM also modulated the expression of PPARs maintaining the fatty acid homeostasis regulation. The assessment of berbamine induced ultrastructural changes by TEM analysis and the expression of autophagic markers LC3a/b, Beclin 1 and p62 revealed the induction of autophagy to alleviate fatty liver conditions. These results show novel findings that BBM induced protection against hepatic lipid metabolic disorders is achieved by regulating the SIRT1/LKB1/AMPK pathway, and thus it emerges as an effective phyoconstituent for the management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Herbal Research Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Post Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, India.
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Schöller-Mann A, Matt K, Schniertshauer D, Hochecker B, Bergemann J. 12 days of in vivo caloric reduction can improve important parameters of aging in humans. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 188:111238. [PMID: 32272119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Caloric reduction (CR) is considered as the most reasonable intervention to delay aging and age-related diseases. Numerous studies in various model organisms provide the main basis for this hypothesis. Human studies exist, but they differ widely in study design, characteristics of test persons and study outcome. In this study we investigated CR in humans on a molecular level to gain a better understanding in these processes. For that purpose, we analyzed human peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy people fasting according to F.X. Mayr. In a previous study our group could show a significantly improved DNA repair capacity after fasting. Here we were able to confirm these findings despite a slightly modified fasting therapy. Furthermore, the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the mRNA levels of the mitochondria-associated genes SIRT3 and NDUFS1 were significantly affected by CR. However, these changes were only detectable in people who exhibited no improvement in DNA repair capacity. In contrast to that we could not observe any changes in ROS levels, mitochondrial DNA copy number and non-mitochondrial respiration. Altogether our results reveal that CR in form of F. X. Mayr therapy is able to positively influence several cellular parameters and especially mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica Schöller-Mann
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany.
| | - Katja Matt
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schniertshauer
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Barbara Hochecker
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
| | - Jörg Bergemann
- Department of Life Sciences, Albstadt-Sigmaringen University of Applied Sciences, Sigmaringen, Germany
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12
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Impact of Nutrition on Short-Term Exercise-Induced Sirtuin Regulation: Vegans Differ from Omnivores and Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041004. [PMID: 32260570 PMCID: PMC7230533 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Keywords: sirtuins; vegetarian; vegan; exercise; endurance athletes; metabolic regulation.
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Carrera-Juliá S, Moreno ML, Barrios C, de la Rubia Ortí JE, Drehmer E. Antioxidant Alternatives in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:63. [PMID: 32116773 PMCID: PMC7016185 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease that produces a selective loss of the motor neurons of the spinal cord, brain stem and motor cortex. Oxidative stress (OS) associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the deterioration of the electron transport chain has been shown to be a factor that contributes to neurodegeneration and plays a potential role in the pathogenesis of ALS. The regions of the central nervous system affected have high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant defenses. Scientific studies propose treatment with antioxidants to combat the characteristic OS and the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels by the use of precursors. This review examines the possible roles of nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene as therapeutic strategies in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Carrera-Juliá
- Doctoral Degree’s School, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Luz Moreno
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Barrios
- Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Eraci Drehmer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Mártir”, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Papsdorf K, Brunet A. Linking Lipid Metabolism to Chromatin Regulation in Aging. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 29:97-116. [PMID: 30316636 PMCID: PMC6340780 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The lifespan of an organism is strongly influenced by environmental factors (including diet) and by internal factors (notably reproductive status). Lipid metabolism is critical for adaptation to external conditions or reproduction. Interestingly, specific lipid profiles are associated with longevity, and increased uptake of certain lipids extends longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans and ameliorates disease phenotypes in humans. How lipids impact longevity, and how lipid metabolism is regulated during aging, is just beginning to be unraveled. This review describes recent advances in the regulation and role of lipids in longevity, focusing on the interaction between lipid metabolism and chromatin states in aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Papsdorf
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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15
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Martínez-Jiménez V, Cortez-Espinosa N, Rodríguez-Varela E, Vega-Cárdenas M, Briones-Espinoza M, Ruíz-Rodríguez VM, López-López N, Briseño-Medina A, Turiján-Espinoza E, Portales-Pérez DP. Altered levels of sirtuin genes (SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT6) and their target genes in adipose tissue from individual with obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:582-589. [PMID: 30641770 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sirtuins regulate energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity through their ability to act as energy sensors and regulators in several metabolic tissues. AIM To evaluate the expression levels of sirtuin genes SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT6 and their target genes (PPAR-α, PGC1-α, NRF1, DGAT1, PPAR-γ and FOXO3a) in subcutaneous adipose tissue collected from individuals with normoweight, overweight and obesity. METHODS Adipose tissue samples, obtained by lipoaspiration during liposuction surgery, were processed to obtain RNA, which was reverse-transcribed to cDNA. Then, we measured the expression levels of each gene by qPCR. RESULTS We found differences in the mRNA expression of SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT6 and their target genes (PPAR-α, PGC1-α, NRF1, DGAT1, PPAR-γ and FOXO3a) in adipose tissue from overweight or obese subjects when compared to normoweight subjects. All genes analyzed, except SIRT2, showed correlation with BMI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in human subcutaneous adipose tissue show that increased body mass index modifies the expression of genes encoding sirtuins and their target genes, which are metabolic regulators of adipose tissue. Therefore, these could be used as biomarkers to predict the ability of adipose tissue to gain mass of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Martínez-Jiménez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Nancy Cortez-Espinosa
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Rodríguez-Varela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Mariela Vega-Cárdenas
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Margarita Briones-Espinoza
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Ruíz-Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Nallely López-López
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Armando Briseño-Medina
- Aesthetic and Corrective Plastic Surgery Clinic, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Eneida Turiján-Espinoza
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Diana P Portales-Pérez
- Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
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16
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Habibian J, Ferguson BS. The Crosstalk between Acetylation and Phosphorylation: Emerging New Roles for HDAC Inhibitors in the Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:E102. [PMID: 30597863 PMCID: PMC6337125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately five million United States (U.S.) adults are diagnosed with heart failure (HF), with eight million U.S. adults projected to suffer from HF by 2030. With five-year mortality rates following HF diagnosis approximating 50%, novel therapeutic treatments are needed for HF patients. Pre-clinical animal models of HF have highlighted histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors as efficacious therapeutics that can stop and potentially reverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction linked with HF development. HDACs remove acetyl groups from nucleosomal histones, altering DNA-histone protein electrostatic interactions in the regulation of gene expression. However, HDACs also remove acetyl groups from non-histone proteins in various tissues. Changes in histone and non-histone protein acetylation plays a key role in protein structure and function that can alter other post translational modifications (PTMs), including protein phosphorylation. Protein phosphorylation is a well described PTM that is important for cardiac signal transduction, protein activity and gene expression, yet the functional role for acetylation-phosphorylation cross-talk in the myocardium remains less clear. This review will focus on the regulation and function for acetylation-phosphorylation cross-talk in the heart, with a focus on the role for HDACs and HDAC inhibitors as regulators of acetyl-phosphorylation cross-talk in the control of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Habibian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Bradley S Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
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17
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Kanwal A. Functional and therapeutic potential of mitochondrial SIRT3 deacetylase in disease conditions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2018; 11:1151-1155. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2018.1546119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Kanwal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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Abstract
Epigenetics is the study of heritable mechanisms that can modify gene activity and phenotype without modifying the genetic code. The basis for the concept of epigenetics originated more than 2,000 yr ago as a theory to explain organismal development. However, the definition of epigenetics continues to evolve as we identify more of the components that make up the epigenome and dissect the complex manner by which they regulate and are regulated by cellular functions. A substantial and growing body of research shows that nutrition plays a significant role in regulating the epigenome. Here, we critically assess this diverse body of evidence elucidating the role of nutrition in modulating the epigenome and summarize the impact such changes have on molecular and physiological outcomes with regards to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folami Y Ideraabdullah
- Departments of Genetics and Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina; and Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- Departments of Genetics and Nutrition, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina; and Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina
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Portincasa P, Calamita G. Phytocompounds modulating Aquaporins: Clinical benefits are anticipated. Food Chem 2018; 274:642-650. [PMID: 30372989 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of plant-derived bioactive compounds belonging to the class of polyphenols, terpenes and capsaicinoids, interact with important pathophysiological pathways at a molecular, cellular and systemic level. Mechanisms of action include altering cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, redox balance and metabolic and energy homeostasis. These effects might also involve the expression and function of Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins, involved in several body functions. The ultimate translational beneficial effect of such phytocompounds on AQPs in health and disease is a matter of intensive research. Results might provide novel therapeutic approaches to a number of human diseases. Here, we give an updated overview of this fast growing and promising field, discussing a number of phytocompounds and their action on AQPs and related potential clinical achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
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20
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Prolonged Growth Hormone/Insulin/Insulin-like Growth Factor Nutrient Response Signaling Pathway as a Silent Killer of Stem Cells and a Culprit in Aging. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 13:443-453. [PMID: 28229284 PMCID: PMC5493720 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dream of slowing down the aging process has always inspired mankind. Since stem cells are responsible for tissue and organ rejuvenation, it is logical that we should search for encoded mechanisms affecting life span in these cells. However, in adult life the hierarchy within the stem cell compartment is still not very well defined, and evidence has accumulated that adult tissues contain rare stem cells that possess a broad trans-germ layer differentiation potential. These most-primitive stem cells-those endowed with pluripotent or multipotent differentiation ability and that give rise to other cells more restricted in differentiation, known as tissue-committed stem cells (TCSCs) - are of particular interest. In this review we present the concept supported by accumulating evidence that a population of so-called very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) residing in adult tissues positively impacts the overall survival of mammals, including humans. These unique cells are prevented in vertebrates from premature depletion by decreased sensitivity to growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling, due to epigenetic changes in paternally imprinted genes that regulate their resistance to these factors. In this context, we can envision nutrient response GH/INS/IGF signaling pathway as a lethal factor for these most primitive stem cells and an important culprit in aging.
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21
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Khoury N, Koronowski KB, Young JI, Perez-Pinzon MA. The NAD +-Dependent Family of Sirtuins in Cerebral Ischemia and Preconditioning. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:691-710. [PMID: 28683567 PMCID: PMC5824497 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Sirtuins are an evolutionarily conserved family of NAD+-dependent lysine deacylases and ADP ribosylases. Their requirement for NAD+ as a cosubstrate allows them to act as metabolic sensors that couple changes in the energy status of the cell to changes in cellular physiological processes. NAD+ levels are affected by several NAD+-producing and NAD+-consuming pathways as well as by cellular respiration. Thus their intracellular levels are highly dynamic and are misregulated in a spectrum of metabolic disorders including cerebral ischemia. This, in turn, compromises several NAD+-dependent processes that may ultimately lead to cell death. Recent Advances: A number of efforts have been made to replenish NAD+ in cerebral ischemic injuries as well as to understand the functions of one its important mediators, the sirtuin family of proteins through the use of pharmacological modulators or genetic manipulation approaches either before or after the insult. Critical Issues and Future Directions: The results of these studies have regarded the sirtuins as promising therapeutic targets for cerebral ischemia. Yet, additional efforts are needed to understand the role of some of the less characterized members and to address the sex-specific effects observed with some members. Sirtuins also exhibit cell-type-specific expression in the brain as well as distinct subcellular and regional localizations. As such, they are involved in diverse and sometimes opposing cellular processes that can either promote neuroprotection or further contribute to the injury; which also stresses the need for the development and use of sirtuin-specific pharmacological modulators. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 691-710.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Khoury
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Juan I. Young
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics; Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Miguel A. Perez-Pinzon
- Department of Neurology; Cerebral Vascular Research Laboratories; and Neuroscience Program, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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22
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Gonzalez TL, Sun T, Koeppel AF, Lee B, Wang ET, Farber CR, Rich SS, Sundheimer LW, Buttle RA, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Turner SD, Williams J, Goodarzi MO, Pisarska MD. Sex differences in the late first trimester human placenta transcriptome. Biol Sex Differ 2018; 9:4. [PMID: 29335024 PMCID: PMC5769539 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-018-0165-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Development of the placenta during the late first trimester is critical to ensure normal growth and development of the fetus. Developmental differences in this window such as sex-specific variation are implicated in later placental disease states, yet gene expression at this time is poorly understood. Methods RNA-sequencing was performed to characterize the transcriptome of 39 first trimester human placentas using chorionic villi following genetic testing (17 females, 22 males). Gene enrichment analysis was performed to find enriched canonical pathways and gene ontologies in the first trimester. DESeq2 was used to find sexually dimorphic gene expression. Patient demographics were analyzed for sex differences in fetal weight at time of chorionic villus sampling and birth. Results RNA-sequencing analyses detected 14,250 expressed genes, with chromosome 19 contributing the greatest proportion (973/2852, 34.1% of chromosome 19 genes) and Y chromosome contributing the least (16/568, 2.8%). Several placenta-enriched genes as well as histone-coding genes were identified to be unique to the first trimester and common to both sexes. Further, we identified 58 genes with significantly different expression between males and females: 25 X-linked, 15 Y-linked, and 18 autosomal genes. Genes that escape X inactivation were highly represented (59.1%) among X-linked genes upregulated in females. Many genes differentially expressed by sex consisted of X/Y gene pairs, suggesting that dosage compensation plays a role in sex differences. These X/Y pairs had roles in parallel, ancient canonical pathways important for eukaryotic cell growth and survival: chromatin modification, transcription, splicing, and translation. Conclusions This study is the first characterization of the late first trimester placenta transcriptome, highlighting similarities and differences among the sexes in ongoing human pregnancies resulting in live births. Sexual dimorphism may contribute to pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth and birth weight, which was seen in our cohort, with males significantly heavier than females at birth. This transcriptome provides a basis for development of early diagnostic tests of placental function that can indicate overall pregnancy heath, fetal-maternal health, and long-term adult health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13293-018-0165-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania L Gonzalez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tianyanxin Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander F Koeppel
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bora Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erica T Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lauren W Sundheimer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rae A Buttle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen D Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark O Goodarzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margareta D Pisarska
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Méndez I, Díaz-Muñoz M. Circadian and Metabolic Perspectives in the Role Played by NADPH in Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:93. [PMID: 29599747 PMCID: PMC5862808 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological activity in healthy conditions requires a coordinated interaction between the molecular circadian clock and the network of biochemical pathways. An important metabolic parameter in the interface between these two entities is the redox state. Among the redox coenzymes that regulate the fluxes of enzymatic reactions is the NADP+/NADPH pair. Indeed, the main biosynthetic pathways need NADPH to serve as an electron donor for cellular anabolic transformations. The existence of a metabolic circadian clock is well established, and it was first identified in mammalian red blood cells. The metabolic circadian clock is independent of transcriptional activity and is sustained by the enzymatic complex peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin/NADPH. This complex shows 24-h redox fluctuations metabolizing H2O2 in various tissues and species (fungi, insects, and mammals). Although this NADPH-sensitive metabolic clock is autonomous in erythrocytes that lack a nucleus, it functions in concert with the transcriptional circadian clock in other cell types to accomplish the task of timing cellular physiology. During carcinogenesis, circadian alterations influence cell cycle onset and promote tumoral growth. These alterations also deregulate cellular energetics through a process known as aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect. The Warburg effect is a typical response of cancer cells in which the metabolism turns into glycolysis even in the presence of functional mitochondria. This alteration has been interpreted as a cellular strategy to increase biomass during cancer, and one of its main factors is the availability of NADPH. This minireview explores the potential role of NADPH as a circadian and cancer-promoting metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Méndez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz,
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24
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Adamczyk J, Deregowska A, Skoneczny M, Skoneczna A, Kwiatkowska A, Potocki L, Rawska E, Pabian S, Kaplan J, Lewinska A, Wnuk M. Adaptive response to chronic mild ethanol stress involves ROS, sirtuins and changes in chromosome dosage in wine yeasts. Oncotarget 2017; 7:29958-76. [PMID: 27074556 PMCID: PMC5058656 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial yeast strains of economic importance used in winemaking and beer production are genomically diverse and subjected to harsh environmental conditions during fermentation. In the present study, we investigated wine yeast adaptation to chronic mild alcohol stress when cells were cultured for 100 generations in the presence of non-cytotoxic ethanol concentration. Ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide signals promoted growth rate during passages that was accompanied by increased expression of sirtuin proteins, Sir1, Sir2 and Sir3, and DNA-binding transcription regulator Rap1. Genome-wide array-CGH analysis revealed that yeast genome was shaped during passages. The gains of chromosomes I, III and VI and significant changes in the gene copy number in nine functional gene categories involved in metabolic processes and stress responses were observed. Ethanol-mediated gains of YRF1 and CUP1 genes were the most accented. Ethanol also induced nucleolus fragmentation that confirms that nucleolus is a stress sensor in yeasts. Taken together, we postulate that wine yeasts of different origin may adapt to mild alcohol stress by shifts in intracellular redox state promoting growth capacity, upregulation of key regulators of longevity, namely sirtuins and changes in the dosage of genes involved in the telomere maintenance and ion detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Adamczyk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Skoneczny
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrianna Skoneczna
- Laboratory of Mutagenesis and DNA Repair, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Leszek Potocki
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ewa Rawska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pabian
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jakub Kaplan
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana, Rzeszow, Poland
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Sangaletti R, D’Amico M, Grant J, Della-Morte D, Bianchi L. Knock-out of a mitochondrial sirtuin protects neurons from degeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006965. [PMID: 28820880 PMCID: PMC5576752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases, lipoamidases, and ADP-ribosyltransferases that link cellular metabolism to multiple intracellular pathways that influence processes as diverse as cell survival, longevity, and cancer growth. Sirtuins influence the extent of neuronal death in stroke. However, different sirtuins appear to have opposite roles in neuronal protection. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we found that knock-out of mitochondrial sirtuin sir-2.3, homologous to mammalian SIRT4, is protective in both chemical ischemia and hyperactive channel induced necrosis. Furthermore, the protective effect of sir-2.3 knock-out is enhanced by block of glycolysis and eliminated by a null mutation in daf-16/FOXO transcription factor, supporting the involvement of the insulin/IGF pathway. However, data in Caenorhabditis elegans cell culture suggest that the effects of sir-2.3 knock-out act downstream of the DAF-2/IGF-1 receptor. Analysis of ROS in sir-2.3 knock-out reveals that ROS become elevated in this mutant under ischemic conditions in dietary deprivation (DD), but to a lesser extent than in wild type, suggesting more robust activation of a ROS scavenging system in this mutant in the absence of food. This work suggests a deleterious role of SIRT4 during ischemic processes in mammals that must be further investigated and reveals a novel pathway that can be targeted for the design of therapies aimed at protecting neurons from death in ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Sangaletti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Massimo D’Amico
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeff Grant
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fernandes-Cardoso A, Santos-Furtado M, Grindler J, Ferreira LA, Andrade JL, Santo MA. Epicardial fat thickness correlates with P-wave duration, left atrial size and decreased left ventricular systolic function in morbid obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 27:731-738. [PMID: 28739186 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epicardial fat (EF) is increased in obesity and has important interactions with atrial and ventricular myocardium. Most of the evidence in this scenario can be confused by the presence of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, which are very common in this population. The influence of EF on atrial remodeling and cardiac function demands further investigation on morbidly obese without these comorbidities. METHODS AND RESULTS We prospectively recruited 20 metabolically healthy morbidly obese and 20 normo-weights controls. The maximum P-wave duration (PWD) was analyzed by 12-lead electrocardiogram. Left atrial diameter (LAD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and EF thickness (EFT) were evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography. The mean of maximum PWD and LAD were significantly larger in the obese group as compared to the control group: 109.55 ± 11.52 ms × 89.38 ± 11.19 ms and 36.12 ± 3.46 mm × 31.45 ± 2.64 mm, (p < 0.0001). The mean LVEF was lower in the obese group: 63.15 ± 4.25% × 66.17 ± 3.37% (p < 0.017). The mean EFT was higher in the obese group: 7.72 ± 1.60 mm × 3.10 ± 0.85 mm (p < 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between EFT and PWD (r = 0.70; p = 0.001) and LAD (r = 0.667; p = 0.001). An inverse correlation was found between EFT and LVEF (r = -0.523; p = 0.001). In a multiple multivariate regression analysis the EFT remains correlated with LAD and LVEF. CONCLUSIONS In a select group of morbidly obese, the excess of EF had a significant impact on atrial remodeling and cardiac function.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging
- Adipose Tissue/physiopathology
- Adiposity
- Adult
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Atrial Function, Left
- Atrial Remodeling
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Echocardiography
- Electrocardiography
- Female
- Heart Atria/diagnostic imaging
- Heart Atria/physiopathology
- Humans
- Linear Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/complications
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/diagnosis
- Obesity, Metabolically Benign/physiopathology
- Obesity, Morbid/complications
- Obesity, Morbid/diagnosis
- Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology
- Pericardium/diagnostic imaging
- Pericardium/physiopathology
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Prospective Studies
- Risk Factors
- Stroke Volume
- Systole
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/etiology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernandes-Cardoso
- Electrocardiology Service, Medical Clinic Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Brazil.
| | - M Santos-Furtado
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Radiology Institute (InRad), HCFMUSP, Brazil
| | - J Grindler
- Electrocardiology Service, Medical Clinic Department, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Brazil
| | - L A Ferreira
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, Department of Statistics, IMEUSP, Brazil
| | - J L Andrade
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Radiology Institute (InRad), HCFMUSP, Brazil
| | - M A Santo
- Bariatric Surgery Unit, Gastroenterology Department, HCFMUSP, Brazil
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Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Circulating Levels of Sirtuin 4 in Obese Patients: A Novel Association. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:6101254. [PMID: 28706576 PMCID: PMC5494780 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed at evaluating sirtuin 4 (Sirt4) levels in obese individuals, in relation to their adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), a healthy dietary pattern characterized by high antioxidant capacity, and markers of visceral fat storage. Subjects/Methods Forty-three obese patients (44% males; BMI: 36.7–58.8 kg/m2) were consecutively included. PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) and the 7-day food records were used to assess the adherence to MD and dietary pattern, respectively. Visceral adiposity index (VAI) was calculated. Sirt4 levels were detected by ELISA method. Results The majority of the obese participants (62.8%) had an average adherence to MD. Compared with average adherers, low adherers had higher BMI, energy intake, and percentage of energy from lipids, mainly saturated fat and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and lower Sirt4 levels. After adjusting for BMI, Sirt4 levels remained negatively correlated with VAI. After adjusting for total energy intake, Sirt4 levels remained negatively associated with PREDIMED and consumption of n-3 PUFA, vitamins C and E. The threshold value of PREDIMED predicting the lowest decrease in Sirt4 levels was found at a score of 6. Conclusions Less reduced Sirt4 levels in obese patients adhering to MD suggest a further aspect of the antioxidant advantage of MD.
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Natural mineral-rich water ingestion by ovariectomized fructose-fed Sprague-Dawley rats: effects on sirtuin 1 and glucocorticoid signaling pathways. Menopause 2017; 24:563-573. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Martínez-Moñino AB, Zapata-Pérez R, García-Saura AG, Gil-Ortiz F, Pérez-Gilabert M, Sánchez-Ferrer Á. Characterization and mutational analysis of a nicotinamide mononucleotide deamidase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens showing high thermal stability and catalytic efficiency. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174759. [PMID: 28388636 PMCID: PMC5384747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+ has emerged as a crucial element in both bioenergetic and signaling pathways since it acts as a key regulator of cellular and organismal homeostasis. Among the enzymes involved in its recycling, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) deamidase is one of the key players in the bacterial pyridine nucleotide cycle, where it catalyzes the conversion of NMN into nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN), which is later converted to NAD+ in the Preiss-Handler pathway. The biochemical characteristics of bacterial NMN deamidases have been poorly studied, although they have been investigated in some firmicutes, gamma-proteobacteria and actinobacteria. In this study, we present the first characterization of an NMN deamidase from an alphaproteobacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens (AtCinA). The enzyme was active over a broad pH range, with an optimum at pH 7.5. Moreover, the enzyme was quite stable at neutral pH, maintaining 55% of its activity after 14 days. Surprisingly, AtCinA showed the highest optimal (80°C) and melting (85°C) temperatures described for an NMN deamidase. The above described characteristics, together with its high catalytic efficiency, make AtCinA a promising biocatalyst for the production of pure NaMN. In addition, six mutants (C32A, S48A, Y58F, Y58A, T105A and R145A) were designed to study their involvement in substrate binding, and two (S31A and K63A) to determine their contribution to the catalysis. However, only four mutants (C32A, S48A Y58F and T105A) showed activity, although with reduced catalytic efficiency. These results, combined with a thermal and structural analysis, reinforce the Ser/Lys catalytic dyad mechanism as the most plausible among those proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Martínez-Moñino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30100 MURCIA, Spain
- Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Rubén Zapata-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30100 MURCIA, Spain
- Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Ginés García-Saura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30100 MURCIA, Spain
- Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Manuela Pérez-Gilabert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30100 MURCIA, Spain
- Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30100 MURCIA, Spain
- Murcia Biomedical Research Institute (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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30
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Jęśko H, Wencel P, Strosznajder RP, Strosznajder JB. Sirtuins and Their Roles in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:876-890. [PMID: 27882448 PMCID: PMC5357501 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7) are unique histone deacetylases (HDACs) whose activity depends on NAD+ levels and thus on the cellular metabolic status. SIRTs regulate energy metabolism and mitochondrial function. They orchestrate the stress response and damage repair. Through these functions sirtuins modulate the course of aging and affect neurodegenerative diseases. SIRTSs interact with multiple signaling proteins, transcription factors (TFs) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) another class of NAD+-dependent post-translational protein modifiers. The cross-talk between SIRTs TFs and PARPs is a highly promising research target in a number of brain pathologies. This review describes updated results on sirtuins in brain aging/neurodegeneration. It focuses on SIRT1 but also on the roles of mitochondrial SIRTs (SIRT3, 4, 5) and on SIRT6 and SIRT2 localized in the nucleus and in cytosol, respectively. The involvement of SIRTs in regulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling in the brain during aging and in Alzheimer's disease was also focused. Moreover, we analyze the mechanism(s) and potential significance of interactions between SIRTs and several TFs in the regulation of cell survival and death. A critical view is given on the application of SIRT activators/modulators in therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Jęśko
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wencel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert P Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Department of Neurosurgery, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna B Strosznajder
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego st., 02106, Warsaw, Poland
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31
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Wu X, Cao N, Fenech M, Wang X. Role of Sirtuins in Maintenance of Genomic Stability: Relevance to Cancer and Healthy Aging. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:542-575. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Neng Cao
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Michael Fenech
- Genome Health and Personalized Nutrition, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Food and Nutrition, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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32
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Adamczyk J, Deregowska A, Potocki L, Kuna E, Kaplan J, Pabian S, Kwiatkowska A, Lewinska A, Wnuk M. Relationships between rDNA, Nop1 and Sir complex in biotechnologically relevant distillery yeasts. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:715-23. [PMID: 27329282 PMCID: PMC4969353 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Distillery yeasts are poorly characterized physiological group among the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex. As industrial yeasts are under constant environmental stress during fermentation processes and the nucleolus is a stress sensor, in the present study, nucleolus-related parameters were evaluated in 22 commercially available distillery yeast strains. Distillery yeasts were found to be a heterogeneous group with a variable content and length of rDNA and degree of nucleolus fragmentation. The levels of rDNA were negatively correlated with Nop1 (r = -0.59, p = 0.0038). Moreover, the protein levels of Sir transcriptional silencing complex and longevity regulators, namely Sir1, Sir2, Sir3 and Fob1, were studied and negative correlations between Sir2 and Nop1 (r = -0.45, p = 0.0332), and between Sir2 and Fob1 (r = -0.49, p = 0.0211) were revealed. In general, S. paradoxus group of distillery yeasts with higher rDNA pools and Sir2 level than S. bayanus group was found to be more tolerant to fermentation-associated stress stimuli, namely mild cold/heat stresses and KCl treatment. We postulate that rDNA state may be considered as a novel factor that may modulate a biotechnological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Adamczyk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Anna Deregowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Potocki
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Kuna
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jakub Kaplan
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pabian
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Abstract
Sirtuins are evolutionarily conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+))-dependent lysine deacylases or ADP-ribosyltransferases. These cellular enzymes are metabolic sensors sensitive to NAD(+) levels that maintain physiological homeostasis in the animal and plant cells.
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