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Ahmad R, Barcellini A, Baumann K, Benje M, Bender T, Bragado P, Charalampopoulou A, Chowdhury R, Davis AJ, Ebner DK, Eley J, Kloeber JA, Mutter RW, Friedrich T, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Helm A, Ibáñez-Moragues M, Iturri L, Jansen J, Morcillo MÁ, Puerta D, Kokko AP, Sánchez-Parcerisa D, Scifoni E, Shimokawa T, Sokol O, Story MD, Thariat J, Tinganelli W, Tommasino F, Vandevoorde C, von Neubeck C. Particle Beam Radiobiology Status and Challenges: A PTCOG Radiobiology Subcommittee Report. Int J Part Ther 2024; 13:100626. [PMID: 39258166 PMCID: PMC11386331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpt.2024.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Particle therapy (PT) represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment, precisely targeting tumor cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissues thanks to the unique depth-dose profiles of the charged particles. Furthermore, their linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness enhance their capability to treat radioresistant tumors, including hypoxic ones. Over the years, extensive research has paved the way for PT's clinical application, and current efforts aim to refine its efficacy and precision, minimizing the toxicities. In this regard, radiobiology research is evolving toward integrating biotechnology to advance drug discovery and radiation therapy optimization. This shift from basic radiobiology to understanding the molecular mechanisms of PT aims to expand the therapeutic window through innovative dose delivery regimens and combined therapy approaches. This review, written by over 30 contributors from various countries, provides a comprehensive look at key research areas and new developments in PT radiobiology, emphasizing the innovations and techniques transforming the field, ranging from the radiobiology of new irradiation modalities to multimodal radiation therapy and modeling efforts. We highlight both advancements and knowledge gaps, with the aim of improving the understanding and application of PT in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amelia Barcellini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Department Radiation Oncology Unit, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Kilian Baumann
- Institute of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, University of Applied Sciences Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Benje
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tamara Bender
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Charalampopoulou
- University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Pavia, Italy
- Radiobiology Unit, Development and Research Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Reema Chowdhury
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anthony J Davis
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel K Ebner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John Eley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert W Mutter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Helm
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marta Ibáñez-Moragues
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, Technology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorea Iturri
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Jeannette Jansen
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, Technology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Puerta
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Emanuele Scifoni
- TIFPA-INFN - Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Olga Sokol
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Juliette Thariat
- Centre François Baclesse, Université de Caen Normandie, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen UMR6534, Caen, France
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Francesco Tommasino
- TIFPA-INFN - Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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2
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Gerken LRH, Gerdes ME, Pruschy M, Herrmann IK. Prospects of nanoparticle-based radioenhancement for radiotherapy. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4059-4082. [PMID: 37555747 PMCID: PMC10544071 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a key pillar of solid cancer treatment. Despite a high level of conformal dose deposition, radiotherapy is limited due to co-irradiation of organs at risk and subsequent normal tissue toxicities. Nanotechnology offers an attractive opportunity for increasing the efficacy and safety of cancer radiotherapy. Leveraging the freedom of design and the growing synthetic capabilities of the nanomaterial-community, a variety of engineered nanomaterials have been designed and investigated as radiosensitizers or radioenhancers. While research so far has been primarily focused on gold nanoparticles and other high atomic number materials to increase the absorption cross section of tumor tissue, recent studies are challenging the traditional concept of high-Z nanoparticle radioenhancers and highlight the importance of catalytic activity. This review provides a concise overview on the knowledge of nanoparticle radioenhancement mechanisms and their quantification. It critically discusses potential radioenhancer candidate materials and general design criteria for different radiation therapy modalities, and concludes with research priorities in order to advance the development of nanomaterials, to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and to increase at the same time the therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas R H Gerken
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Maren E Gerdes
- Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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3
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Ibáñez-Moragues M, Fernández-Barahona I, Santacruz R, Oteo M, Luján-Rodríguez VM, Muñoz-Hernando M, Magro N, Lagares JI, Romero E, España S, Espinosa-Rodríguez A, García-Díez M, Martínez-Nouvilas V, Sánchez-Tembleque V, Udías JM, Valladolid-Onecha V, Martín-Rey MÁ, Almeida-Cordon EI, Viñals i Onsès S, Pérez JM, Fraile LM, Herranz F, Morcillo MÁ. Zinc-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Proton-Activatable Agent for Dose Range Verification in Proton Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:6874. [PMID: 37836718 PMCID: PMC10574368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy allows the treatment of specific areas and avoids the surrounding tissues. However, this technique has uncertainties in terms of the distal dose fall-off. A promising approach to studying the proton range is the use of nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents that produce detectable signals. For this, we developed an iron oxide nanoparticle doped with Zn (IONP@Zn-cit) with a hydrodynamic size of 10 nm and stability in serum. Cytotoxicity, defined as half of the surveillance, was 100 μg Zn/mL in the U251 cell line. The effect on clonogenic cell death was tested after X-ray irradiation, which suggested a radioprotective effect of these nanoparticles at low concentrations (1-10 μg Zn/mL). To evaluate the production of positron emitters and prompt-gamma signals, IONP@Zn-cit was irradiated with protons, obtaining prompt-gamma signals at the lowest measured concentration (10 mg Zn/mL). Finally, 67Ga-IONP@Zn-cit showed accumulation in the liver and spleen and an accumulation in the tumor tissue of 0.95% ID/g in a mouse model of U251 cells. These results suggest the possibility of using Zn nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents to verify the range by prompt gamma detection and face the challenges of prompt gamma detection in a specific biological situation, opening different avenues to go forward in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ibáñez-Moragues
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Irene Fernández-Barahona
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Rocío Santacruz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Marta Oteo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Víctor M. Luján-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - María Muñoz-Hernando
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Natalia Magro
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Juan I. Lagares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Samuel España
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Espinosa-Rodríguez
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Díez
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Nouvilas
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Tembleque
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Udías
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Valladolid-Onecha
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Martín-Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Edilia I. Almeida-Cordon
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Animal Facility Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sílvia Viñals i Onsès
- Center for Microanalysis of Materials (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Luis Mario Fraile
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Herranz
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
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Mechanisms of Nanoscale Radiation Enhancement by Metal Nanoparticles: Role of Low Energy Electrons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054697. [PMID: 36902132 PMCID: PMC10003700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are considered as highly promising radiosensitizers in cancer radiotherapy. Understanding their radiosensitization mechanisms is critical for future clinical applications. This review is focused on the initial energy deposition by short-range Auger electrons; when high energy radiation is absorbed by gold nanoparticles (GNPs) located near vital biomolecules; such as DNA. Auger electrons and the subsequent production of secondary low energy electrons (LEEs) are responsible for most the ensuing chemical damage near such molecules. We highlight recent progress on DNA damage induced by the LEEs produced abundantly within about 100 nanometers from irradiated GNPs; and by those emitted by high energy electrons and X-rays incident on metal surfaces under differing atmospheric environments. LEEs strongly react within cells; mainly via bound breaking processes due to transient anion formation and dissociative electron attachment. The enhancement of damages induced in plasmid DNA by LEEs; with or without the binding of chemotherapeutic drugs; are explained by the fundamental mechanisms of LEE interactions with simple molecules and specific sites on nucleotides. We address the major challenge of metal nanoparticle and GNP radiosensitization; i.e., to deliver the maximum local dose of radiation to the most sensitive target of cancer cells (i.e., DNA). To achieve this goal the emitted electrons from the absorbed high energy radiation must be short range, and produce a large local density of LEEs, and the initial radiation must have the highest possible absorption coefficient compared to that of soft tissue (e.g., 20-80 keV X-rays).
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Bilynsky C, Millot N, Papa A. Radiation nanosensitizers in cancer therapy-From preclinical discoveries to the outcomes of early clinical trials. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10256. [PMID: 35079631 PMCID: PMC8780058 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the efficacy and spatial targeting of radiation therapy while sparing surrounding normal tissues has been a guiding principle for its use in cancer therapy. Nanotechnologies have shown considerable growth in terms of innovation and the development of new therapeutic approaches, particularly as radiosensitizers. The aim of this study was to systematically review how nanoparticles (NPs) are used to enhance the radiotherapeutic effect, including preclinical and clinical studies. Clinicaltrials.gov was used to perform the search using the following terms: radiation, cancer, and NPs. In this review, we describe the various designs of nano-radioenhancers, the rationale for using such technology, as well as their chemical and biological effects. Human trials are then discussed with an emphasis on their design and detailed clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Bilynsky
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Present address:
Department of Biomedical EngineeringCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nadine Millot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de BourgogneUMR 6303, CNRS, Université Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijon CedexFrance
| | - Anne‐Laure Papa
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe George Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
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Metallic Nanoparticles: A Useful Prompt Gamma Emitter for Range Monitoring in Proton Therapy? RADIATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/radiation1040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, dose delivery in proton therapy treatment is affected by uncertainties related to the range of the beam in the patient, which requires medical physicists to introduce safety margins on the penetration depth of the beam. Although this ensures an irradiation of the entire clinical target volume with the prescribed dose, these safety margins also lead to the exposure of nearby healthy tissues and a subsequent risk of side effects. Therefore, non-invasive techniques that allow for margin reduction through online monitoring of prompt gammas emitted along the proton tracks in the patient are currently under development. This study provides the proof-of-concept of metal-based nanoparticles, injected into the tumor, as a prompt gamma enhancer, helping in the beam range verification. It identifies the limitations of this application, suggesting a low feasibility in a realistic clinical scenario but opens some avenues for improvement.
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Tegaw EM, Geraily G, Etesami SM, Ghanbari H, Gholami S, Shojaei M, Farzin M, Tadesse GF. Dosimetric effect of nanoparticles in the breast cancer treatment using INTRABEAM ®system with spherical applicators in the presence of tissue heterogeneities: A Monte Carlo study. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2021; 7. [PMID: 33836513 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/abf6a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Using the 50 kV INTRABEAM®IORT system after breast-conserving surgery: tumor recurrence and organs at risk (OARs), such as the lung and heart, long-term complications remain the challenging problems for breast cancer patients. So, the objective of this study was to address these two problems with the help of high atomic number nanoparticles (NPs). A Monte Carlo (MC) Simulation type EGSnrc C++ class library (egspp) with its Easy particle propagation (Epp) user code was used. The simulation was validated against the measured depth dose data found in our previous study (Tegaw,et al2020 Dosimetric characteristics of the INTRABEAM®system with spherical applicators in the presence of air gaps and tissue heterogeneities,Radiat. Environ. Biophys. (10.1007/s00411-020-00835-0)) using the gamma index and passed 2%/2 mm acceptance criteria in the gamma analysis. Gold (Au) NPs were selected after comparing Dose Enhancement Ratios (DERs) of bismuth (Bi), Au, and platinum (Pt) NPs which were calculated from the simulated results. As a result, 0.02, 0.2, 2, 10, and 20 mg-Au/g-breast tissue were used throughout this study. These particles were not distributed in discrete but in a uniform concentration. For 20 mg-Au/g-breast tissue, the DERs were 3.6, 0.420, and 0.323 for breast tissue, lung, heart, respectively, using the 1.5 cm-diameter applicator (AP) and 3.61, 0.428, and 0.335 forbreast tissue, lung, and heart using the 5 cm-diameter applicator, respectively. DER increased with the decrease in the depth of tissues and increase in the effective atomic number (Zeff) and concentration of Au NPs, however, there was no significant change as AP sizes increased. Therefore, Au NPs showed dual advantages such as dose enhancement within the tumor bed and reduction in the OARs (heart and lung).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyachew Misganew Tegaw
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Ghazale Geraily
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Etesami
- School of Particles and Accelerators, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Gholami
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Radiation Oncology Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shojaei
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Farzin
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Getu Ferenji Tadesse
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Aksum University, Ethiopia
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Radiation Enhancer Effect of Platinum Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Cell Lines: In Vitro and In Silico Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094436. [PMID: 33922713 PMCID: PMC8123015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-Z metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are new players in the therapeutic arsenal against cancer, especially radioresistant cells. Indeed, the presence of these NPs inside malignant cells is believed to enhance the effect of ionizing radiation by locally increasing the dose deposition. In this context, the potential of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) as radiosensitizers was investigated in two breast cancer cell lines, T47D and MDA-MB-231, showing a different radiation sensitivity. PtNPs were internalized in the two cell lines and localized in lysosomes and multivesicular bodies. Analyses of cell responses in terms of clonogenicity, survival, mortality, cell-cycle distribution, oxidative stress, and DNA double-strand breaks did not reveal any significant enhancement effect when cells were pre-exposed to PtNPs before being irradiated, as compared to radiation alone. This result is different from that reported in a previous study performed, under the same conditions, on cervical cancer HeLa cells. This shows that the efficacy of radio-enhancement is strongly cell-type-dependent. Simulation of the early stage ionization processes, taking into account the irradiation characteristics and realistic physical parameters in the biological sample, indicated that PtNPs could weakly increase the dose deposition (by 3%) in the immediate vicinity of the nanoparticles. Some features that are potentially responsible for the biological effect could not be taken into account in the simulation. Thus, chemical and biological effects could explain this discrepancy. For instance, we showed that, in these breast cancer cell lines, PtNPs exhibited ambivalent redox properties, with an antioxidant potential which could counteract the radio-enhancement effect. This work shows that the efficacy of PtNPs for enhancing radiation effects is strongly cell-dependent and that no effect is observed in the case of the breast cancer cell lines T47D and MDA-MB-231. Thus, more extensive experiments using other relevant biological models are needed in order to evaluate such combined strategies, since several clinical trials have already demonstrated the success of combining nanoagents with radiotherapy in the treatment of a range of tumor types.
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Mohseni M, Kazemzadeh A, Ataei N, Moradi H, Aliasgharzadeh A, Farhood B. Study on the Dose Enhancement of Gold Nanoparticles When Exposed to Clinical Electron, Proton, and Alpha Particle Beams by Means of Geant4. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SIGNALS & SENSORS 2021; 10:286-294. [PMID: 33575201 PMCID: PMC7866949 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_58_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background: Various factors effecting deposited energy and dose enhancement ratio (DER) in the simplified model of cell caused by the interaction of a cluster of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) with electron beams were assessed, and the results were compared with other sources through Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. Method: The effect of added GNPs on the DNA strand breaks level, irradiated to electron, proton, and alpha beams, is assessed. Results: Presence of GNPs in the cell makes DER value more pronounced for low-energy photons rather than electron beam. Moreover, the results of DER values did not show any significant increase in absorbed dose in the presence of GNP for proton and alpha beam. Moreover, the results of DNA break with GNPs for proton and alpha beam were negligible. It is demonstrated that as the sizes of the GNPs increase, the DER is enlarged until a certain size for 40 keV photons, while there is no striking change for 50 keV electron beam when the size of the GNPs changes. The results indicate that although energy deposited in the cell for electron beam is more than low-energy photon, DER values are low compared to photon. Conclusion: Larger GNPs do not show any preference over smaller ones when irradiated through electron beams. It is proved that GNPs do not significantly increase single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks during electron irradiation, while there exists a direct relationship between SSB and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Mohseni
- Department of Medical Physics, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arezoo Kazemzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Ataei
- Department of Medical Physics, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Habiballah Moradi
- Department of Medical Physics, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Akbar Aliasgharzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Department of Medical Physics, Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
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Howell RW. Advancements in the use of Auger electrons in science and medicine during the period 2015-2019. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 99:2-27. [PMID: 33021416 PMCID: PMC8062591 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1831706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Auger electrons can be highly radiotoxic when they are used to irradiate specific molecular sites. This has spurred basic science investigations of their radiobiological effects and clinical investigations of their potential for therapy. Focused symposia on the biophysical aspects of Auger processes have been held quadrennially. This 9th International Symposium on Physical, Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects of Auger Processes at Oxford University brought together scientists from many different fields to review past findings, discuss the latest studies, and plot the future work to be done. This review article examines the research in this field that was published during the years 2015-2019 which corresponds to the period since the last meeting in Japan. In addition, this article points to future work yet to be done. There have been a plethora of advancements in our understanding of Auger processes. These advancements range from basic atomic and molecular physics to new ways to implement Auger electron emitters in radiopharmaceutical therapy. The highly localized doses of radiation that are deposited within a 10 nm of the decay site make them precision tools for discovery across the physical, chemical, biological, and medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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Schuemann J, Bagley AF, Berbeco R, Bromma K, Butterworth KT, Byrne HL, Chithrani BD, Cho SH, Cook JR, Favaudon V, Gholami YH, Gargioni E, Hainfeld JF, Hespeels F, Heuskin AC, Ibeh UM, Kuncic Z, Kunjachan S, Lacombe S, Lucas S, Lux F, McMahon S, Nevozhay D, Ngwa W, Payne JD, Penninckx S, Porcel E, Prise KM, Rabus H, Ridwan SM, Rudek B, Sanche L, Singh B, Smilowitz HM, Sokolov KV, Sridhar S, Stanishevskiy Y, Sung W, Tillement O, Virani N, Yantasee W, Krishnan S. Roadmap for metal nanoparticles in radiation therapy: current status, translational challenges, and future directions. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:21RM02. [PMID: 32380492 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab9159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This roadmap outlines the potential roles of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the field of radiation therapy. MNPs made up of a wide range of materials (from Titanium, Z = 22, to Bismuth, Z = 83) and a similarly wide spectrum of potential clinical applications, including diagnostic, therapeutic (radiation dose enhancers, hyperthermia inducers, drug delivery vehicles, vaccine adjuvants, photosensitizers, enhancers of immunotherapy) and theranostic (combining both diagnostic and therapeutic), are being fabricated and evaluated. This roadmap covers contributions from experts in these topics summarizing their view of the current status and challenges, as well as expected advancements in technology to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schuemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States of America
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Penninckx S, Heuskin AC, Michiels C, Lucas S. Gold Nanoparticles as a Potent Radiosensitizer: A Transdisciplinary Approach from Physics to Patient. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2021. [PMID: 32718058 PMCID: PMC7464732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a growing interest in the improvement of radiation therapies has led to the development of gold-based nanomaterials as radiosensitizer. Although the radiosensitization effect was initially attributed to a dose enhancement mechanism, an increasing number of studies challenge this mechanistic hypothesis and evidence the importance of chemical and biological contributions. Despite extensive experimental validation, the debate regarding the mechanism(s) of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization is limiting its clinical translation. This article reviews the current state of knowledge by addressing how gold nanoparticles exert their radiosensitizing effects from a transdisciplinary perspective. We also discuss the current and future challenges to go towards a successful clinical translation of this promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Penninckx
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute For Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (S.P.); (A.-C.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Anne-Catherine Heuskin
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute For Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (S.P.); (A.-C.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Carine Michiels
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute For Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute For Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (S.P.); (A.-C.H.); (S.L.)
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Belousov AV, Morozov VN, Krusanov GA, Moiseev AN, Davydov AS, Shtil AA, Klimanov VA, Kolyvanova MA, Samoylov AS. The Change in the Linear Energy Transfer of a Clinical Proton Beam in the Presence of Gold Nanoparticles. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920040053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Hespeels F, Heuskin AC, Tabarrant T, Scifoni E, Kraemer M, Chêne G, Strivay D, Lucas S. Backscattered electron emission after proton impact on gold nanoparticles with and without polymer shell coating. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:125007. [PMID: 30986778 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab195f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This work aims at measuring experimentally proton induced secondary electron energy spectra after interaction with gold nano particles (GNPs) and polymer-coated GNPs. Backscattered electron energy spectra were collected over a 0 to 1000 eV energy range using a retarding field analyzer (RFA). This paper presents the spectra obtained for proton beam energies of 0.5 and 2 MeV and diameter 2.5 and 3.8 nm GNPs. The spectra were also measured for 3.8 nm GNPs after 5 and 10 MeV proton irradiations. GNPs were deposited on a 100 nm carbon film. Each experimental spectrum was compared with dedicated simulations based on existing numerical models used in the TRAX and Geant4 Monte Carlo codes. For 100 nm carbon target, good agreement between experimental, TRAX and Geant4 simulation results can be observed. For 3.8 nm GNPs, the TRAX simulations reproduce with good agreement the electron energy spectra produced after 0.5, 2, 5 and 10 MeV proton irradiations, while Geant4 spectra display a lower secondary electron yield at low energy (<600 eV) for all the studied energies. This underestimation can mostly be explained by the 790 eV threshold applied in the condensed history model used by Geant4 which impacts the secondary electron energy distribution. Results obtained for carbon and gold targets highlight the impact of the secondary electron production threshold for proton ionization process considered in condensed history models. The experimental results demonstrate that the single interaction approach used in TRAX is adapted to reproduce secondary electron emission from GNPs. On the other hand, the standard electron generation threshold implement in G4BetheBlochModel and G4BraggModel condensed-history models used in Geant4 is not adapted to reproduce low energy electron emission in gold targets. Finally, the results highlight that the GNP coating leads to a decrease of the electron yield and mostly affects low energy electrons (<500 eV) emitted from GNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hespeels
- University of Namur, PMR, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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15
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Hespeels F, Lucas S, Tabarrant T, Scifoni E, Kraemer M, Chêne G, Strivay D, Tran HN, Heuskin AC. Experimental measurements validate the use of the binary encounter approximation model to accurately compute proton induced dose and radiolysis enhancement from gold nanoparticles. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:065014. [PMID: 30731439 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In protontherapy, it has been suggested that nanoparticles of high-Z material like gold (GNP) could be used as radiosensitizers. The origin of this enhancement phenomenon for proton radiation is not yet well understood and additional mechanistic insights are required. Previous works have highlighted the good capabilities of TRAX to reproduce secondary electron emission from gold material. Therefore, TRAX cross sections obtained with the binary encounter approximation (BEA) model for proton ionization were implemented within Geant4 for gold material. Based on the TRAX cross sections, improved Geant4 simulations have been developed to investigate the energy deposition and radical species production around a spherical gold nanoparticle (5 and 10 nm in diameter) placed in a water volume during proton irradiation. Simulations were performed for incident 2 MeV proton. The dose enhancement factor and the radiolysis enhancement factor were quantified. Results obtained with the BEA model were compared with results obtained with condensed-history models. Experimental irradiation of 200 nm gold films were performed to validate the secondary electron emission reproduction capabilities of physical models used in Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. TRAX simulations reproduced the experimental backscattered electron energy spectrum from gold film with better agreement than Geant4. Results on gold film obtained with the BEA model enabled to estimate the electron emission from GNPs. Results obtained in our study tend to support that the use of the BEA discrete model leads to a significant increase of the dose in the near vicinity of GNPs (<20 nm), while condensed history models used in Geant4 seem to overestimate the dose and the number of chemical species for increasing distances from the GNP. Based on discrete BEA model results, no enhancement effect due to secondary electron emitted from the GNP is expected if the GNP is not in close proximity to key cellular functional elements (DNA, mitochondria…).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Hespeels
- University of Namur, PMR, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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16
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Penninckx S, Heuskin AC, Michiels C, Lucas S. Thioredoxin Reductase Activity Predicts Gold Nanoparticle Radiosensitization Effect. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9020295. [PMID: 30791480 PMCID: PMC6409576 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown to be effective contrast agents for imaging and emerge as powerful radiosensitizers, constituting a promising theranostic agent for cancer. Although the radiosensitization effect was initially attributed to a physical mechanism, an increasing number of studies challenge this mechanistic hypothesis and evidence the importance of oxidative stress in this process. This work evidences the central role played by thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in the GNP-induced radiosensitization. A cell type-dependent reduction in TrxR activity was measured in five different cell lines incubated with GNPs leading to differences in cell response to X-ray irradiation. Correlation analyses demonstrated that GNP uptake and TrxR activity inhibition are associated to a GNP radiosensitization effect. Finally, Kaplan-Meier analyses suggested that high TrxR expression is correlated to low patient survival in four different types of cancer. Altogether, these results enable a better understanding of the GNP radiosensitization mechanism, which remains a mandatory step towards further use in clinic. Moreover, they highlight the potential application of this new treatment in a personalized medicine context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Penninckx
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Anne-Catherine Heuskin
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Carine Michiels
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium.
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17
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Li S, Bouchy S, Penninckx S, Marega R, Fichera O, Gallez B, Feron O, Martinive P, Heuskin AC, Michiels C, Lucas S. Antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticles as tumor-targeting radiosensitizers for proton therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:317-333. [PMID: 30675822 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed at developing antibody-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to selectively target cancer cells and probing their potential radiosensitizing effects under proton irradiation. MATERIALS & METHODS AuNPs were conjugated with cetuximab (Ctxb-AuNPs). Ctxb-AuNP uptake was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Radioenhancing effect was assessed using conventional clonogenic assay. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Ctxb-AuNPs specifically bound to and accumulated in EGFR-overexpressing A431 cells, compared with EGFR-negative MDA-MB-453 cells. Ctxb-AuNPs enhanced the effect of proton irradiation in A431 cells but not in MDA-MB-453 cells. These data indicate, for the first time, that combining enhanced uptake by specific targeting and radioenhancing effect, using conjugated AuNPs, is a promising strategy to increase cell killing by protontherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter & Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Sandra Bouchy
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Sebastien Penninckx
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter & Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Marega
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter & Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Ornella Fichera
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter & Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Woluwé, Saint Lambert, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCL (Université Catholique de Louvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Martinive
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, CHU & University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Heuskin
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter & Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Carine Michiels
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter & Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
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Rabin C, Gonçalves M, Duarte SB, González-Sprinberg GA. Upper bound dose values for meson radiation in heavy-ion therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2018; 38:621-631. [PMID: 29440626 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aaaf23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiation treatment of cancer has evolved to include massive particle beams, instead of traditional irradiation procedures. Thus, patient doses and worker radiological protection have become issues of constant concern in the use of these new technologies, especially for proton- and heavy-ion-therapy. In the beam energies of interest of heavy-ion-therapy, secondary particle radiation comes from proton, neutron, and neutral and charged pions produced in the nuclear collisions of the beam with human tissue atoms. This work, for the first time, offers the upper bound of meson radiation dose in organic tissues due to secondary meson radiation in heavy-ion therapy. A model based on intranuclear collision has been used to follow in time the nuclear reaction and to determine the secondary radiation due to the meson yield produced in the beam interaction with nuclei in the tissue-equivalent media and water. The multiplicity, energy spectrum, and angular distribution of these pions, as well as their decay products, have been calculated in different scenarios for the nuclear reaction mechanism. The results of the produced secondary meson particles has been used to estimate the energy deposited in tissue using a cylindrical phantom by a transport Monte Carlo simulation and we have concluded that these mesons contribute at most 0.1% of the total prescribed dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rabin
- Instituto de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
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Peukert D, Kempson I, Douglass M, Bezak E. Metallic nanoparticle radiosensitisation of ion radiotherapy: A review. Phys Med 2018; 47:121-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Enferadi M, Fu SY, Hong JH, Tung CJ, Chao TC, Wey SP, Chiu CH, Wang CC, Sadeghi M. Radiosensitization of ultrasmall GNP-PEG-cRGDfK in ALTS1C1 exposed to therapeutic protons and kilovoltage and megavoltage photons. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:124-136. [PMID: 29172866 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1407462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One of the promising radiosensitizers is the ultrasmall gold nanoparticle (GNP) with a hydrodynamic diameter <3 nm. We studied functionalized ultrasmall GNPs (1.8 nm diameter) coated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) and conjugated with cyclic RGDfK (2.6 nm hydrodynamic diameter) for targeting of alpha(v) beta(3) integrin (αvβ3) in the murine ALTS1C1 glioma cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the uptake, toxicity and radiosensitivity of GNP-PEG-cRGDfKs in ALTS1C1 cells exposed to protons, kilovoltage photons and megavoltage photons. The in vitro uptake and toxicity of GNPs in the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were assessed for murine AML12 hepatocyte and RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines. The in vivo biodistribution of GNPs in the ALTS1C1 tumor model was tested using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS Results indicated GNPs accumulated in the cytoplasm with negligible toxicity for a moderate concentration of GNPs. Observed sensitizer enhancement ratios and dose enhancement factors are 1.21-1.66 and 1.14-1.33, respectively, for all radiations. CONCLUSION Ultrasmall GNP-PEG-cRGD can be considered as a radiosensitizer. For radiotherapy applications, the delivery method should be developed to increase the GNP uptake in the tumor and decrease the uptakes in undesirable organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Enferadi
- a Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Tao-yuan , Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Yung Fu
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan.,c Department of Radiation Oncology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan , Taiwan
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan , Taiwan.,d Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research , Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan , Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Jong Tung
- a Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Tao-yuan , Taiwan.,e Medical Physics Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research , Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan , Taiwan
| | - Tsi-Chian Chao
- a Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Tao-yuan , Taiwan.,e Medical Physics Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research , Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan , Taiwan
| | - Shiaw-Pyng Wey
- a Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine , Chang Gung University , Tao-yuan , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hui Chiu
- f Graduate Institute of Health-Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology , Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Tao-Yuan , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- c Department of Radiation Oncology , Chang Gung Memorial Hospital , Tao-Yuan , Taiwan
| | - Mahdi Sadeghi
- g Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine , Iran University of Medical Science , Tehran , Iran
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Spyratou E, Makropoulou M, Efstathopoulos EP, Georgakilas AG, Sihver L. Recent Advances in Cancer Therapy Based on Dual Mode Gold Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9120173. [PMID: 29257070 PMCID: PMC5742821 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tumor-targeted strategies have been used worldwide to limit the side effects and improve the effectiveness of therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), etc. Biophotonic therapy modalities comprise very promising alternative techniques for cancer treatment with minimal invasiveness and side-effects. These modalities use light e.g., laser irradiation in an extracorporeal or intravenous mode to activate photosensitizer agents with selectivity in the target tissue. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally invasive technique for cancer treatment which uses laser-activated photoabsorbers to convert photon energy into heat sufficient to induce cells destruction via apoptosis, necroptosis and/or necrosis. During the last decade, PTT has attracted an increased interest since the therapy can be combined with customized functionalized nanoparticles (NPs). Recent advances in nanotechnology have given rise to generation of various types of NPs, like gold NPs (AuNPs), designed to act both as radiosensitizers and photothermal sensitizing agents due to their unique optical and electrical properties i.e., functioning in dual mode. Functionalized AuNPS can be employed in combination with non-ionizing and ionizing radiation to significantly improve the efficacy of cancer treatment while at the same time sparing normal tissues. Here, we first provide an overview of the use of NPs for cancer therapy. Then we review many recent advances on the use of gold NPs in PTT, RT and PTT/RT based on different types of AuNPs, irradiation conditions and protocols. We refer to the interaction mechanisms of AuNPs with cancer cells via the effects of non-ionizing and ionizing radiations and we provide recent existing experimental data as a baseline for the design of optimized protocols in PTT, RT and PTT/RT combined treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellas Spyratou
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
| | - Mersini Makropoulou
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Efstathios P Efstathopoulos
- 2nd Department of Radiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece.
| | - Lembit Sihver
- Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria.
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