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Farooq MT, Jiarasuksakun T, Kaemawichanurat P. Entropy analysis of nickel(II) porphyrins network via curve fitting techniques. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17317. [PMID: 37828093 PMCID: PMC10570312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nickel(II) porphyrins typically adopt a square planar coordination geometry, with the nickel atom located at the center of the porphyrin ring and the coordinating atoms arranged in a square plane. The additional atoms or groups coordinated to the nickel atom in nickel(II) porphyrins are called ligands. Porphyrins have been investigated as potential agents for imaging and treating cancer due to their ability to selectively bind to tumor cells and be used as sensors for a variety of analytes. Nickel(II) porphyrins are relatively stable compounds, with high thermal and chemical stability. They can be stored in a solid state or in solution without significant degradation. In this study, we compute several connectivity indices, such as general Randi'c, hyper Zagreb, and redefined Zagreb indices, based on the degrees of vertices of the chemical graph of nickel porphyrins. Then, we compute the entropy and heat of formation NiP production, among other physical parameters. Using MATLAB, we fit curves between various indices and the thermodynamic properties parameters, notably the heat of formation and entropy, using various linearity- and non-linearity-based approaches. The method's effectiveness is evaluated using [Formula: see text], the sum of squared errors, and root mean square error. We also provide visual representations of these indexes. These mathematical frameworks might offer a mechanism to investigate the thermodynamical characteristics of NiP's chemical structure under various circumstances, which will help us understand the connection between system dimensions and these metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Talha Farooq
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand
- Mathematics and Statistics with Applications (MaSA), Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thiradet Jiarasuksakun
- Mathematics and Statistics with Applications (MaSA), Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
- The Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology (IPST), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pawaton Kaemawichanurat
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Mathematics and Statistics with Applications (MaSA), Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Toganoh M, Furuta H. Creation from Confusion and Fusion in the Porphyrin World─The Last Three Decades of N-Confused Porphyrinoid Chemistry. Chem Rev 2022; 122:8313-8437. [PMID: 35230807 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Confusion is a novel concept of isomerism in porphyrin chemistry, delivering a steady stream of new chemistry since the discovery of N-confused porphyrin, a porphyrin mutant, in 1994. These days, the number of confused porphyrinoids is increasing, and confusion and associated fusion are found in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, biological chemistry, and catalysts. In this review, the birth and growth of confused porphyrinoids in the last three decades are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Ishizuka T, Sakashita R, Iwanaga O, Morimoto T, Mori S, Ishida M, Toganoh M, Takegoshi K, Osuka A, Furuta H. NH Tautomerism of N-Confused Porphyrin: Solvent/Substituent Effects and Isomerization Mechanism. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5756-5769. [PMID: 32559101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of substituents and solvents on the NH tautomerism of N-confused porphyrin (2) were investigated. The structures, electronic states, and aromaticity of NH tautomers (2-2H and 2-3H) were studied by absorption and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C, and 15N) spectroscopies, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, and theoretical calculations. The relative stability of the tautomers is highly affected by solvents, with the 3H-type tautomer being more stable in nonpolar solvents, while the 2H-type tautomer being highly stabilized in polar solvents with high donor numbers such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine, and acetone. Electron-withdrawing groups on the meso-aryl substituents as well as the methyl group at the ortho position also stabilize the 2H-type tautomer. Kinetically, the tautomerism rate is significantly influenced by solvent and concentration, and a particularly large activation entropy (ΔS⧧) is obtained in pyridine. The first-order deuterium isotope effect on the reaction rates of NH tautomerism (kH/kD) is determined to be 2.4 at 298 K. On the basis of kinetic data, the mechanism of isomerization is identified as an intramolecular process, including the rotation of the confused pyrrole in pyridine/chloroform and DMF/chloroform mixed solvent systems, and as a pyridine-mediated process in pyridine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakashita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Iwanaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Motoki Toganoh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Takegoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furuta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering and Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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