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Park SH, Yoon KN, Xu Y, Gye MC. Role of p57KIP2 in Stem and Progenitor Leydig Cells of Mouse Testes. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e46. [PMID: 38772531 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.230299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Precise control of proliferation and differentiation of Leydig cells is important for gonadal androgenesis and spermatogenesis. Though cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors are crucial for cell proliferation and differentiation, their role in the development of early adult Leydig cells (ALCs) remained unanswered. To understand mechanism for ALC development, functional expression of p57KIP2 (cdkn1c) was investigated in the stem Leydig cells (SLCs) and progenitor Leydig cells (PLCs) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The roles of p57KIP2 in the proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis in SLCs and PLCs were investigated by antibodies and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling in the early neonatal testes and p57kip2 siRNA in the isolated SLCs and PLCs. Steroidogenic differentiation of PLCs was examined by progesterone and testosterone production in cell culture. RESULTS From postnatal day (PND) 1 to 14, p57KIP2(+) spindle-shaped cells in the testis interstitium were α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)(-), a peritubular myoid cells marker, suggesting that they are SLCs and PLCs. Besides, p57KIP2 was also expressed in HSD3β(+) fetal Leydig cells. From PND1 to 14, BrdU(+)/αSMA(-), Ki67(+)/p57KIP2(+), and BrdU(+)/p57KIP2(+) spindle-shaped cells were gradually decreased. From PND1 to 14, p57KIP in the αSMA(-)/p57KIP2(+) cells was peaked at PND7 and decreased thereafter. In THY1(+) isolated SLCs, p57kip2 siRNA significantly increased ki67 and pcna mRNA and pdgfrα mRNA, a differentiation marker and decreased nestin mRNA, a SLC marker. No significant difference in apoptosis related genes mRNA was found after p57kip2 siRNA treatment. In HSD3β(+) PLCs, p57kip2 siRNA increased proapoptotic genes mRNA, annexin V(+) early-apoptotic cells. Importantly, p57kip2 siRNA significantly decreased hsd3β6 and cyp17a1 mRNA and progesterone production. CONCLUSIONS p57KIP2 may suppress proliferation and support stemness of SLCs. In PLCs, p57KIP2 may suppress apoptosis and potentiate the steroidogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Park
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Noh Yoon
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Chan Gye
- Department of Life Science and Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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2
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Delorenzi Schons D, Leite GAA. Malathion or diazinon exposure and male reproductive toxicity: a systematic review of studies performed with rodents. Crit Rev Toxicol 2023; 53:506-520. [PMID: 37922518 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2023.2270494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Malathion and diazinon are pesticides commonly used in agriculture to avoid insects that damage crops; however, they may cause impairment to the male genital system of exposed humans. The present work carried out a systematic review of the literature concerning the primary studies that assessed the reproductive effects resulting from male rats and mice exposed to malathion or diazinon. The search for articles was performed on the databases PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, and SciELO, using different combinations of the search terms "malathion," "diazinon," "mice," "rats," "male reproduction," "fertility," and "sperm," followed by the Boolean operators AND or OR. The results obtained indicate that both pesticides act as reproductive toxicants by reducing sperm quality, diminishing hormonal concentrations, inducing increased oxidative stress, and provoking histopathological damage in reproductive organs. Then, the exposure to malathion and diazinon may provoke diminished levels of testosterone by increasing acetylcholine stimulation in the testis through muscarinic receptors, thus, providing a reduction in steroidogenic activity in Leydig cells, whose effect is related to lower levels of testosterone in rodents, and consequently, it is associated with decreased fertility. Considering the toxic effects on the male genital system of rodents and the possible male reproductive toxicity in humans, it is recommended the decreased use of these pesticides and their replacement for others that show no or few toxic effects for non-target animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Delorenzi Schons
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Toxicologia (Laretox), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Laboratório de Reprodução e Toxicologia (Laretox), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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3
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Liang J, Chen D, Xiao Z, Wei S, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang Z, Feng Y, Lei Y, Hu M, Deng J, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Huang Y. Role of miR-300-3p in Leydig cell function and differentiation: A therapeutic target for obesity-related testosterone deficiency. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:879-895. [PMID: 37273781 PMCID: PMC10236194 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various cellular functions, but their specific roles in the regulation of Leydig cells (LCs) have yet to be fully understood. Here, we found that the expression of miR-300-3p varied significantly during the differentiation from progenitor LCs (PLCs) to adult LCs (ALCs). High expression of miR-300-3p in PLCs inhibited testosterone production and promoted PLC proliferation by targeting the steroidogenic factor-1 (Sf-1) and transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) genes, respectively. As PLCs differentiated into ALCs, the miR-300-3p expression level significantly decreased, which promoted testosterone biosynthesis and suppressed proliferation of ALCs by upregulating SF-1 and FoxO1 expression. The LH/METTL3/SMURF2/SMAD2 cascade pathway controlled miR-300-3p expression, in which luteinizing hormone (LH) upregulated SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) expression through methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3)-mediated Smurf2 N6-methyladenosine modification. The Smurf2 then suppressed miR-300 transcription by inhibiting SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2) binding to the promoter of miR-300. Notably, miR-300-3p was associated with an obesity-related testosterone deficiency in men and the inhibition of miR-300-3p effectively rescued testosterone deficiency in obese mice. These findings suggested that miR-300-3p plays a pivotal role in LC differentiation and function, and could be a promising diagnostic or therapeutic target for obesity-related testosterone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Derong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ziyan Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Siying Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaling Lei
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meirong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jingxian Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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4
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Ma Y, Ma QW, Sun Y, Chen XF. The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the testis. Hum Reprod 2023; 38:334-351. [PMID: 36728671 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dead015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized membrane-bounded particles, released by all cells and capable of transporting bioactive cargoes, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to regulate a variety of biological functions. Seminal plasma is enriched in EVs, and extensive evidence has revealed the role of EVs (e.g. prostasomes and epididymosomes) in the male genital tract. Recently, EVs released from testicular cells have been isolated and identified, and some new insights have been generated on their role in maintaining normal spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in the testis. In the seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cell-derived EVs can promote the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), and EVs secreted from undifferentiated A spermatogonia can inhibit the proliferation of SSCs. In the testicular interstitium, EVs have been identified in endothelial cells, macrophages, telocytes, and Leydig cells, although their roles are still elusive. Testicular EVs can also pass through the blood-testis barrier and mediate inter-compartment communication between the seminiferous tubules and the interstitium. Immature Sertoli cell-derived EVs can promote survival and suppress the steroidogenesis of Leydig cells. Exosomes isolated from macrophages can protect spermatogonia from radiation-induced injury. In addition to their role in intercellular communication, testicular EVs may also participate in the removal of aberrant proteins and the delivery of antigens for immune tolerance. EVs released from testicular cells can be detected in seminal plasma, which makes them potential biomarkers reflecting testicular function and disease status. The testicular EVs in seminal plasma may also affect the female reproductive tract to facilitate conception and may even affect early embryogenesis through modulating sperm RNA. EVs represent a new type of intercellular messenger in the testis. A detailed understanding of the role of testicular EV may contribute to the discovery of new mechanisms causing male infertility and enable the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin-Wen Ma
- Shanghai Xinzhu Middle School, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Human Sperm Bank, Shanghai, China
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5
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Liu S, Ma X, Wang Z, Lin F, Li M, Li Y, Yang L, Rushdi HE, Riaz H, Gao T, Yang L, Fu T, Deng T. MAEL gene contributes to bovine testicular development through the m5C-mediated splicing. iScience 2023; 26:105941. [PMID: 36711243 PMCID: PMC9876746 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of RNA molecules regulating testicular development and spermatogenesis in bulls is essential for elite bull selection and an ideal breeding program. Herein, we performed direct RNA sequencing (DRS) to explore the functional characterization of RNA molecules produced in the testicles of 9 healthy Simmental bulls at three testicular development stages (prepuberty, puberty, and postpuberty). We identified 5,043 differentially expressed genes associated with testicular weight. These genes exhibited more alternative splicing at sexual maturity, particularly alternative 3' (A3) and 5' (A5) splice sites usage and exon skipping (SE). The expression of hub genes in testicular developmental stages was also affected by both m6A and m5C RNA modifications. We found m5C-mediated splicing events significantly (p < 0.05) increased MAEL gene expression at the isoform level, likely promoting spermatogenesis. Our findings highlight the complexity of RNA processing and expression as well as the regulation of transcripts involved in testicular development and spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Zichen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Feng Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yali Li
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Co, Ltd, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Wuhan Benagen Technology Co, Ltd, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Hossam E. Rushdi
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Hasan Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tengyun Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- China Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China,Corresponding author
| | - Tingxian Deng
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China,Corresponding author
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6
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Pan L, Li Z, Su Z, Su W, Zheng R, Chen W, He X, Song J, Li S, Wen P. Case Report: Long-term follow-up of desert hedgehog variant caused 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis with multiple complications in a Chinese child. Front Genet 2022; 13:954288. [PMID: 36072668 PMCID: PMC9441908 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.954288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Desert hedgehog (DHH), as a member of the Hedgehog (HH) family, is mainly involved in testicular development and peripheral nerve sheath formation. A DHH variant has been identified in patients with 46, XY gonadal dysgenesis (46, XY GD) with or without neuropathy, but few reports mention the involvement of other complications. Case presentation: Here, we report a Chinese female patient who was hospitalized at 14.3 years old due to slow breast development for more than 1 year. She had a female genitalia phenotype and breast development started at 13 years old but progressed slowly. She was not yet menarche on admission, and she had intermittent muscle cramps in her hands and feet. Her karyotype analysis was 46, XY and the SRY gene was positive. Surgical exploration revealed no uterus or ovaries, and the pathology of bilateral gonads was dysplastic testis tissue, which was consistent with partial gonadal dysgenesis (PGD). Genetic analysis identified a homozygous pathogenic variant in DHH exon 3 (c.1027T>C, p. Cys343Arg). During the 6-year follow-up, she received estrogen replacement therapy, resulting in breast development progression without gender dysphoria. However, her peripheral neuropathy became more obvious, and a nerve conduction study (NCS) indicated decreased nerve conduction velocity and action potential. In addition, she also suffered complications such as obesity, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and gastric ulcers. Conclusion: In the present study, we reported a case of 46, XY GD with minifascicular neuropathy caused by a DHH homozygous variant, and we summarized the reported cases worldwide. For the first time in such patients, we showed a comparison of NCS changes with age as well as the presence of multiple complications not previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuoguang Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhe Su,
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongfei Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiyan Chen
- Department of Neural Electrophysiology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuezhi He
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianming Song
- Department of Pathology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shoulin Li
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengqiang Wen
- Shenzhen Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Li T, Wang H, Luo R, An X, Li Q, Su M, Shi H, Chen H, Zhang Y, Ma Y. Proteome Informatics in Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Testes Suggest the Crucial Proteins Related to Development and Functionality. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:923789. [PMID: 35909681 PMCID: PMC9334778 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.923789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis has an indispensable function in male reproduction of domestic animals. Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) is a locally adapted breed of sheep raised in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with outsized roles in providing the livelihood for millions of residents. Nevertheless, less is known on how protein expression and their functional roles in developmental testes of such breed limit their use in breeding efforts. In this study, we obtained comprehensive protein profiles from testes of Tibetan sheep at three developmental stages (including pre-puberty, post-puberty, and adulthood) using data-independent acquisition-based proteomic strategy to quantitatively identify the differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) associated with testicular development and function and to unravel the molecular basis of spermatogenesis. A total of 6,221 proteins were differentially expressed in an age-dependent manner. The reliability of the gene expression abundance was corroborated by quantitative PCR and targeted parallel reaction monitoring. These DAPs were significantly enriched to biological processes concerning spermatid development and sperm deformation, mitosis, glycolytic process, cell-cell/extracellular matrix (ECM) junctions, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and to the pathways including, developmental process and sexual reproduction-related (such as VEGF, estrogen, insulin, GnRH, Hippo, PI3K-Akt, mTOR, MAPK, and AMPK), and testicular cell events-related pathways (such as tight/gap/adherens junctions, ECM-receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, glycolysis, cell cycle, and meiosis). Based on these bioinformatics analysis, we constructed four protein–protein interaction network, among which the proteins are involved in mitosis, meiosis, spermiogenesis, and testicular microenvironment, respectively. Altogether, these bioinformatics-based sequencing results suggest that many protein-coding genes were expressed in a development-dependent manner in Tibetan sheep testes to contribute to the testicular cell development and their surrounding microenvironment remodeling at various stages of spermatogenesis. These findings have important implications for further understanding of the mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis in sheep and even other plateau-adapted animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Luo
- Animal Husbandry, Pasture, and Green Agriculture Institute, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuejiao An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Manchun Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huibin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Guizhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youji Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Youji Ma
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8
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Yuan L, Wang H, Yang H, Chen S, Yang D, Zhang Y. Expression of the NSE,SP,NFH and DβH in normal and cryptorchid testes of Bactrian camel. Anim Reprod 2022; 19:e20210087. [PMID: 35154438 PMCID: PMC8827324 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine substances play essential roles in regulating the normal physiological functions of testicles. The purpose of this study is to explore the localization and effects of four neuroendocrine markers (NSE, SP, NFH and DβH) in normal and cryptorchid testes of Bactrian camels using western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence methods. The results showed that cryptorchidism caused a reduction in layers of spermatogenic epithelium and decreased glycogen positivity in the basement membrane. The ultrastructure revealed that macrophages were always found around the Leydig cells, crowded with swelling mitochondria in cryptorchidism. Expression of NSE in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism was significantly weakened compared to that in the normal group(p<0.01). We found that SP was always distributed along the nerve fibers in normal testes and was expressed in the Leydig cells of cryptorchidism. However, expression of NFH in the cryptorchidic tissue was strongly positive in the spermatogenic epithelium, with limited expression in Leydig cells and no expression in peritubular myoid cells. Therefore, the expression of DβH in the Sertoli cells was comparatively strong in both the normal and cryptorchidism groups. NFH and DβH expression was significantly increased in the cryptorchidism group compared with the normal group (p<0.01). These findings indicated that the underdeveloped seminiferous epithelium and pathological changes in cryptorchid tissue in Bactrian camels were potentially related to a disorder in glycoprotein metabolism. Our results suggest that NSE and SP could help judge the pathological changes of cryptorchidism. The present study provides the first evidence at the protein level for the existence of NFH and DβH in Sertoli and Leydig cells in Bactrian camel cryptorchidism and provides a more in-depth understanding of neuroendocrine regulation is crucial for animal cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hua Wang
- Gansu Agricultural University, China
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9
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Nguyen HT, Martin LJ. Transcriptomic analysis of MA-10 tumor Leydig cells treated with adipose derived hormones adiponectin and resistin. Reprod Biol 2021; 22:100598. [PMID: 34929619 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity contributes to a decrease in testosterone production in men. Indeed, adipose tissue produces several hormones, including adiponectin and resistin, and these may influence the activity of signaling pathways responsible for regulating the expression of genes related to steroidogenesis. In this study, we wanted to identify which genes are directly regulated by these hormones using the MA-10 tumor Leydig cell model. To do this, we treated these cells with adiponectin or resistin, followed by RNA extraction and RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis. Interestingly, genes upregulated by the globular form of adiponectin (gACRP30) were associated to steroid hormones biosynthesis, whereas resistin had no effect on the transcriptome of MA-10 Leydig cells. Moreover, the expression of the Star gene, encoding the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, was increased in response to treatments with 0.5 mM 8Br-cAMP. Such stimulation was further increased by adiponectin, resulting in increased progesterone production. However, resistin had no effect on steroid production from MA-10 tumor Leydig cells under the treatment conditions investigated. Thus, our data suggest that a direct regulation of steroidogenic genes' expressions in Leydig cells by adipose derived hormones involves cooperation between the cAMP/PKA pathway and adiponectin, but not resistin, to activate Star expression and improve progesterone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Tuyen Nguyen
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Luc J Martin
- Biology Department, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New-Brunswick, E1A 3E9, Canada.
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10
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Liu ZJ, Liu YH, Huang SY, Zang ZJ. Insights into the Regulation on Proliferation and Differentiation of Stem Leydig Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1521-1533. [PMID: 33598893 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Male hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome caused by testosterone deficiency. Hypogonadism can be caused by testicular disease (primary hypogonadism) or hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (secondary hypogonadism). The present strategy for treating hypogonadism is the administration of exogenous testosterone. But exogenous testosterone is reported to have negative side effects including adverse cardiovascular events and disruption of physiological spermatogenesis probably due to its inability to mimic the physiological circadian rhythm of testosterone secretion in vivo. In recent years, a growing number of articles demonstrated that stem Leydig cells (SLCs) can not only differentiate into functional Leydig cells (LCs) in vivo to replace chemically disrupted LCs, but also secrete testosterone in a physiological pattern. The proliferation and differentiation of SLCs are regulated by various factors. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating the development of SLCs remain to be summarized. Factors involved in the regulation of SLCs can be divided into environmental pollutants, growth factors, cytokine and hormones. Environmental pollutants such as Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Triphenyltin (TPT) could suppress SLCs proliferation or differentiation. Growth factors including FGF1, FGF16, NGF and activin A are essential for the maintenance of SLCs self-renewal and differentiation. Interleukin 6 family could inhibit differentiation of SLCs. Among hormones, dexamethasone suppresses SLCs differentiation, while aldosterone suppresses their proliferation. The present review focuses on new progress about factors regulating SLC's proliferation and differentiation which will undoubtedly deepen our insights into SLCs and help make better clinical use of them. Different factors affect on the proliferation and differentiation of stem Leydig cells. Firstly, each rat was intraperitoneally injected EDS so as to deplete Leydig cells from the adult testis. Secondly, the CD51+ or CD90+ cells from the testis of rats are SLCs, and the p75+ cells from human adult testes are human SLCs. These SLCs in the testis start to proliferate and some of them differentiate into LCs. Thirdly, during the SLCs regeneration period, researchers could explore different function of those factors (pollutants, growth factors, cytokines and hormones) towards SLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Jie Liu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hui Liu
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng-Yu Huang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zang
- Department of Infertility and Sexual Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Luo P, Feng X, Deng R, Wang F, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhang M, Wan Z, Xiang AP, Xia K, Gao Y, Deng C. An autofluorescence-based isolation of Leydig cells for testosterone deficiency treatment. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111389. [PMID: 34229003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Effective procedures for the purification of Leydig cells (LCs) can facilitate functional studies and transplantation therapies. However, current methods to purify LCs from testes are still far from satisfactory. Here, we found that testicular autofluorescence existed in the interstitium along with the gradual maturation of LCs from birth to adulthood. These autofluorescent cells were further isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and determined to be composed of LCs and macrophages. To further purify LCs, we combined two fluorescence channels of FACS and successfully separated LCs and macrophages. Of note, we confirmed that the obtained LCs not only possessed high purity, viability and quantity but also had intact steroidogenic activity and excellent responsiveness to luteinizing hormone. Moreover, subcutaneous transplantation of isolated LCs could alleviate the symptoms of testosterone deficiency in castrated mice. In summary, we established an effective autofluorescence-based method for isolating LCs. This method will aid in the future success of using LCs for basic and translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ronghai Deng
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fulin Wang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Zhang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi Wan
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yong Gao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Advances in stem cell research for the treatment of primary hypogonadism. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:487-507. [PMID: 34188209 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In Leydig cell dysfunction, cells respond weakly to stimulation by pituitary luteinizing hormone, and, therefore, produce less testosterone, leading to primary hypogonadism. The most widely used treatment for primary hypogonadism is testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). However, TRT causes infertility and has been associated with other adverse effects, such as causing erythrocytosis and gynaecomastia, worsening obstructive sleep apnoea and increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality risks. Stem-cell-based therapy that re-establishes testosterone-producing cell lineages in the body has, therefore, become a promising prospect for treating primary hypogonadism. Over the past two decades, substantial advances have been made in the identification of Leydig cell sources for use in transplantation surgery, including the artificial induction of Leydig-like cells from different types of stem cells, for example, stem Leydig cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). PSC-derived Leydig-like cells have already provided a powerful in vitro model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying Leydig cell differentiation and could be used to treat men with primary hypogonadism in a more specific and personalized approach.
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Kothandapani A, Larsen MC, Lee J, Jorgensen JS, Jefcoate CR. Distinctive functioning of STARD1 in the fetal Leydig cells compared to adult Leydig and adrenal cells. Impact of Hedgehog signaling via the primary cilium. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111265. [PMID: 33864885 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STARD1 stimulates cholesterol transfer to mitochondrial CYP11A1 for conversion to pregnenolone. A cholesterol-binding START domain is guided by an N-terminal domain in a cell selective manner. Fetal and adult Leydig cells (FLC, ALC) show distinct Stard1 regulation. sm- FISH microscopy, which resolves individual molecules of Stard1 mRNA, shows uniformly high basal expression in each FLC. In ALC, in vivo, and cultured MA-10 cells, basal Stard1 expression is minimal. PKA activates loci asynchronously, with delayed splicing/export of 3.5 kb mRNA to mitochondria. After 60 min, ALC transition to an integrated mRNA delivery to mitochondria that is seen in FLC. Sertoli cells cooperate in Stard1 stimulation in FLC by delivering DHH to the primary cilium. There PTCH, SMO and cholesterol cooperate to release GLI3 to activate the Stard1 locus, probably by directing histone changes. ALC lack cilia. PKA then primes locus activation. FLC and ALC share similar SIK/CRTC/CREB regulation characterized for adrenal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasi Kothandapani
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Michele Campaigne Larsen
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jinwoo Lee
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Joan S Jorgensen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Colin R Jefcoate
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Liang J, Li H, Mei J, Cao Z, Tang Y, Huang R, Xia H, Zhang Q, Xiang Q, Yang Y, Huang Y. Sertoli cell-derived exosome-mediated transfer of miR-145-5p inhibits Leydig cell steroidogenesis by targeting steroidogenic factor 1. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21660. [PMID: 34010469 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002589rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian testis, two distinct populations of Sertoli cells (SCs), the immature SCs (ISCs) and adult SCs (ASCs), play significant roles in regulating the development and function of Leydig cells. However, the effect of different SC types on the function of Leydig cells is poorly understood. Here, our study showed that miR-145-5p expression was significantly different in SCs at different stages, with the highest expression observed in ISCs. Exosomes mediate the transfer of miR-145-5p from ISCs to Leydig cells. Overexpression of miR-145-5p in Leydig cells significantly downregulated steroidogenic gene expression and inhibited testosterone synthesis. Additionally, miR-145-5p functioned by directly targeted steroidogenic factor-1 (Sf-1) and downregulated the expression of SF-1, which further downregulated the expression of steroidogenic genes, induced accumulation of lipid droplets, and eventually suppressed testosterone production. These findings demonstrate that SC-derived miR-145-5p plays a significant role in regulating the functions of Leydig cells and may therefore serve as a diagnostic biomarker for male hypogonadism developmental abnormalities during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Liang
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanhao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Mei
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rufei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research & Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research & Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research & Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cell Biology, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Biopharmaceutical Research & Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Enhanced Negative Regulation of the DHH Signaling Pathway as a Potential Mechanism of Ascrotal Testes in Laurasiatherians. Evol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-021-09542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Navin AK, Aruldhas MM, Navaneethabalakrishnan S, Mani K, Michael FM, Srinivasan N, Banu SK. Prenatal exposure to hexavalent chromium disrupts testicular steroidogenic pathway in peripubertal F 1 rats. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 101:63-73. [PMID: 33675932 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have reported sub-fertility in F1 progeny rats with gestational exposure to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], which had disrupted Sertoli cell (SC) structure and function, and decreased testosterone (T). However, the underlying mechanism for reduced T remains to be understood. We tested the hypothesis "transient prenatal exposure to Cr(VI) affects testicular steroidogenesis by altering hormone receptors and steroidogenic enzyme proteins in Leydig cells (LCs)." Pregnant Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 50, 100, and 200 mg/L potassium dichromate during gestational days 9-14, encompassing fetal differentiation window of the testis from the bipotential gonad. F1 male rats were euthanized on postnatal day 60 (peripubertal rats with adult-type LCs alone). Results showed that prenatal exposure to Cr(VI): (i) increased accumulation of Cr(III) in the testis of F1 rats; (ii) increased serum levels of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones (LH and FSH), and 17β estradiol, and decreased prolactin and T; (iii) decreased steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, cytochrome P450 11A1, cytochrome P450 17A1, 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, cytochrome P450 aromatase and 5α reductase proteins, (iv) decreased specific activities of 3β and 17β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases; (v) decreased receptors of LH, androgen and estrogen in LCs; (vi) decreased 5α reductase and receptor proteins of FSH, androgen, and estrogen in SCs. The current study concludes that prenatal exposure to Cr(VI) disrupts testicular steroidogenesis in F1 progeny by repressing hormone receptors and key proteins of the steroidogenic pathway in LCs and SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Navin
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU-4458, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Mariajoseph Michael Aruldhas
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Shobana Navaneethabalakrishnan
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kathireshkumar Mani
- Department of Endocrinology, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Felicia Mary Michael
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. A.L.M. Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Taramani Campus, Taramani-Velachery Link Road, Chennai, 600113, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narasimhan Srinivasan
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakhila K Banu
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, TAMU-4458, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Abstract
Organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) structures grown in vitro that emulate the cytoarchitecture and functions of true organs. Therefore, testicular organoids arise as an important model for research on male reproductive biology. These organoids can be generated from different sources of testicular cells, but most studies to date have used immature primary cells for this purpose. The complexity of the mammalian testicular cytoarchitecture and regulation poses a challenge for working with testicular organoids, because, ideally, these 3D models should mimic the organization observed in vivo. In this review, we explore the characteristics of the most important cell types present in the testicular organoid models reported to date and discuss how different factors influence the regulation of these cells inside the organoids and their outcomes. Factors such as the developmental or maturational stage of the Sertoli cells, for example, influence organoid generation and structure, which affect the use of these 3D models for research. Spermatogonial stem cells have been a focus recently, especially in regard to male fertility preservation. The regulation of the spermatogonial stem cell niche inside testicular organoids is discussed in the present review, as this research area may be positively affected by recent progress in organoid generation and tissue engineering. Therefore, the testicular organoid approach is a very promising model for male reproductive biology research, but more studies and improvements are necessary to achieve its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia de Lima e Martins Lara
- Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sadman Sakib
- Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ina Dobrinski
- Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Correspondence: Ina Dobrinski, DrMedVet, MVSc, PhD, Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 404 HMRB, 3300 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Gong T, Wang W, Xu H, Yang Y, Chen X, Meng L, Xu Y, Li Z, Wan S, Mu Q. Longitudinal Expression of Testicular TAS1R3 from Prepuberty to Sexual Maturity in Congjiang Xiang Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020437. [PMID: 33567555 PMCID: PMC7916009 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Taste receptor type 1 subunit 3 (T1R3), a sweet/umami taste receptor, is widely expressed from the tongue to the testis, and testis expression is associated with male sterility. In Congjiang Xiang pigs, T1R3 is expressed in elongating/elongated spermatids and Leydig cells in a stage-dependent manner during postnatal development and the spermatogenic cycle. T1R3 may contribute to regulation of spermatid differentiation and Leydig cell function, and may therefore help limit the incidence of various male reproductive pathologies. Abstract Testicular expression of taste receptor type 1 subunit 3 (T1R3), a sweet/umami taste receptor, has been implicated in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in mice. We explored the role of testicular T1R3 in porcine postnatal development using the Congjiang Xiang pig, a rare Chinese miniature pig breed. Based on testicular weights, morphology, and testosterone levels, four key developmental stages were identified in the pig at postnatal days 15–180 (prepuberty: 30 day; early puberty: 60 day; late puberty: 90 day; sexual maturity: 120 day). During development, testicular T1R3 exhibited stage-dependent and cell-specific expression patterns. In particular, T1R3 levels increased significantly from prepuberty to puberty (p < 0.05), and expression remained high until sexual maturity (p < 0.05), similar to results for phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2). The strong expressions of T1R3/PLCβ2 were observed at the cytoplasm of elongating/elongated spermatids and Leydig cells. In the eight-stage cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in pigs, T1R3/PLCβ2 levels were higher in the spermatogenic epithelium at stages II–VI than at the other stages, and the strong expressions were detected in elongating/elongated spermatids and residual bodies. The message RNA (mRNA) levels of taste receptor type 1 subunit 1 (T1R1) in the testis showed a similar trend to levels of T1R3. These data indicate a possible role of T1R3 in the regulation of spermatid differentiation and Leydig cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.G.); (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Weiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.G.); (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Houqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.G.); (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0851-88298005
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.G.); (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.G.); (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Lijie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.G.); (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (T.G.); (W.W.); (Y.Y.); (X.C.); (L.M.); (Y.X.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Ziqing Li
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Sufang Wan
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
| | - Qi Mu
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.L.); (S.W.); (Q.M.)
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19
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Yang Y, Zhou C, Zhang T, Li Q, Mei J, Liang J, Li Z, Li H, Xiang Q, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Huang Y. Conversion of Fibroblast into Functional Leydig-like Cell Using Defined Small Molecules. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:408-423. [PMID: 32735821 PMCID: PMC7419716 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that fibroblasts can be directly converted into functional Leydig cells by transcription factors. However, the transgenic approach used in these studies raises safety concerns for its future application. Here, we report that fibroblasts can be directly reprogrammed into Leydig-like cells by exposure to a combination of forskolin, 20α-hydroxycholesterol, luteinizing hormone, and SB431542. These chemical compound-induced Leydig-like cells (CiLCs) express steroidogenic genes and have a global gene expression profile similar to that of progenitor Leydig cells, although not identical. In addition, these cells can survive in testis and produce testosterone in a circadian rhythm. This induction strategy is applicable to reprogramming human periodontal ligament fibroblasts toward Leydig-like cells. These findings demonstrated fibroblasts can be directly converted into Leydig-like cells by pure chemical compounds. This strategy overcomes the limitations of conventional transgenic-based reprogramming and provides a simple, effective approach for Leydig cell-based therapy while simultaneously preserving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Direct induction of fibroblasts into Leydig-like cells (CiLCs) by chemicals CiLCs were modulated by HPG axis and produced testosterone in a diurnal rhythm Conversion process toward CiLCs did not pass through an intermediate state
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chenxing Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiaxin Mei
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinlian Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hanhao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qi Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Bioparmaceutical R&D Center of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Biological Products and Materia Medica, Guangzhou 510440, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine of, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Erthal RP, Staurengo-Ferrari L, Fattori V, Luiz KG, Cunha FQ, Pescim RR, Cecchini R, Verri WA, Guarnier FA, Alves Fernandes GS. Exposure to low doses of malathion during juvenile and peripubertal periods impairs testicular and sperm parameters in rats: Role of oxidative stress and testosterone. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 96:17-26. [PMID: 32479887 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide used in agriculture and for controlling vector-borne diseases such as Zika. Humans can be exposed to malathion by means of ingestion of contaminated food. The juvenile and peripubertal periods are a large window of vulnerability to the action of toxic agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of low doses of malathion during the development of testes in the juvenile and peripubertal periods in rats. For this purpose, 45 male Wistar rats (postnatal day (PND) 25) were assigned to 3 experimental groups and treated for 40 days. The animals were exposed daily to malathion 10 mg/kg (M10 group) or 50 mg/kg (M50 group) diluted in 0.9 % saline via gavage. The control group received only the vehicle. On the 40th experimental day, the rats were anaesthetized and euthanized. The blood was collected for determination of testosterone concentration. The testes were removed and weighed. Spermatozoa from the vas deferens were used for sperm morphological analysis. The testes were used for evaluation of sperm count and oxidative stress status to determine the inflammatory profile and analysis of tissue constitution. The results showed that both malathion doses reduced the sperm count and increased the number of abnormal sperms. Furthermore, both doses altered the spermatogenetic process, delayed spermiogenesis, reduced the Leydig and Sertoli cell number and increased the thickness of tunica albuginea. The M10 group presented increased IL-10 levels and reduced GSH levels. These parameters did not change in the M50 group. However, the M50 group showed an increase in the number of abnormal seminiferous tubules, a decrease in plasma testosterone concentration and an increase in lipid peroxidation in the testes. In conclusion, the exposure to low doses of malathion during juvenile and peripubertal development resulted in testicular toxicity and compromised the testicular morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Pires Erthal
- Departmentof General Biology, BiologicalSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Departmentof General Pathology, BiologicalSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Staurengo-Ferrari
- Departmentof General Pathology, BiologicalSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Victor Fattori
- Departmentof General Pathology, BiologicalSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Karen Gomes Luiz
- Departmentof General Biology, BiologicalSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- DepartmentofPharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universityof São Paulo - USP, Bandeirantes, 3900, Postal code: 14040-900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Rosseto Pescim
- DepartmentofStatistics, ExactSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Departmentof General Pathology, BiologicalSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri
- Departmentof General Pathology, BiologicalSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Flavia Alessandra Guarnier
- Departmentof General Pathology, BiologicalSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Glaura Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes
- Departmentof General Biology, BiologicalSciences Center, StateUniversityof Londrina - UEL, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Postal code: 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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21
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Ito J, Meguro K, Komatsu K, Ohdaira T, Shoji R, Yamada T, Sugimura S, Fujishima Y, Nakata A, Fukumoto M, Miura T, Yamashiro H. Seasonal changes in the spermatogenesis of the large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus) controlled by proliferation and apoptosis of germ cells. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 214:106288. [PMID: 32087913 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferation and apoptosis of male germ cells during the seasonal reproductive cycle of the large Japanese field mice (Apodemus speciosus). Male mice residing in their natural habitat were captured in Niigata, Japan. Testis sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and mitotic male germ cells were identified using immunofluorescence staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Apoptosis was analysed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay. The phases of spermatogenesis during the seasonal reproductive cycle were classified as active, transitional, and inactive based on the diameter of the seminiferous tubules. The number of PCNA-positive germ cells was less during the inactive than other phases. The percentage of TUNEL-positive germ cells per seminiferous tubule was greater during the inactive than active and transitional phases. Spermatogenesis during the seasonal reproductive cycle is controlled by proliferation and apoptosis in male germ cells. This species of undomesticated mice could be used as an animal model to study spermatogenesis as a valuable indicator of the effects of ecological and anthropogenic factors on animal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 959-2181, Japan
| | - Kanna Meguro
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 959-2181, Japan
| | - Kazuki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 959-2181, Japan
| | - Takuya Ohdaira
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 959-2181, Japan
| | - Rina Shoji
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 959-2181, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 959-2181, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sugimura
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-0054, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Akifumi Nakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Hokkaido University of Science, Hokkaido, 006-8585, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Aomori, 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yamashiro
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 959-2181, Japan.
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22
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Chen H, Guo X, Xiao X, Ye L, Huang Y, Lu C, Su Z. Identification and functional characterization of microRNAs in rat Leydig cells during development from the progenitor to the adult stage. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 493:110453. [PMID: 31129276 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate the proliferation and differentiation of Leydig cells (LCs) of rat. Three small RNA libraries derived from progenitor LCs (PLCs), immature LCs (ILCs) and adult LCs (ALCs) were analyzed by microarrays. In total, 68 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified. Based on the trend of DEM expression from PLCs to ALCs, primary LCs were transfected with miRNA mimics or inhibitors. Five miRNAs (miR-30a-5p, miR-3585-5p, miR-212-3p, miR-369-5p and miR-434-3p) promoted PLC proliferation, and 3 miRNAs (miR-17-5p, miR-532-3p and miR-329-3p) activated caspase-3, which triggered LC apoptosis. For steroidogenesis, 18 miRNAs could elevate or inhibit androsterone release at the PLC stage. Eleven and 9 miRNAs inhibited the production of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol in ILCs and testosterone in ALCs, respectively. miR-17-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-299a-5p decreased androgen production by LCs at all developmental stages. Furthermore, the miR-299a-5p-mediated decrease in androgen production by the LC lineage was primarily achieved by downregulating the expression of luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD3B1). These findings provide insights into the regulatory roles of miRNAs during the postnatal development of LCs and suggest potential strategies for the treatment of steroid-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Biopharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunbin Lu
- Department of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhijian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Biopharmaceutical Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Zhou J, Hou Y, Zhang Z, Xing X, Zou X, Zhong L, Huang H, Zhang Z, Sun J. Conversion of human fibroblasts into functional Leydig-like cells by small molecules and a single factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:1-7. [PMID: 31182281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming fibroblasts into Leydig cells (LCs) offers a promising source for cell-based therapy for male hypogonadism. Recently, it has been achieved by forced expression of multiple transcription factors (TFs). However, for ultimate safe and convenient application, small molecules would be a revolutionary and desirable method to reduce or eliminate the genetic manipulations. Here, we report a defined small-molecule cocktail that enables the highly efficient conversion of human fibroblasts into functional LCs with only one transcription factor. These induced cells resembled human LCs with respect to morphology, marker gene expression and secretary function of testosterone. This study lays a foundation for future pharmacological reprogramming and provides a unique venue for investigating mechanisms underlying reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678, Dong Fang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yanping Hou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678, Dong Fang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678, Dong Fang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Xing
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678, Dong Fang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678, Dong Fang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678, Dong Fang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678, Dong Fang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678, Dong Fang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1678, Dong Fang Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Park H, Park HS, Lim W, Song G. Ochratoxin A suppresses proliferation of Sertoli and Leydig cells in mice. Med Mycol 2019; 58:71-82. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin originating from Penicillium and Aspergillus. In addition to toxic effects in various tissues and cells, including neurons, immune cells, hepatocytes, and nephrons, it also causes carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Although the negative effects of OTA with respect to the pathogenesis of diseases and the malfunction of various organs have been studied widely, the biological signaling mechanisms in testicular cells are less well known. Therefore, we determined the hazardous effect of OTA in two types of testicular cells: TM3 (mouse Leydig cells) and TM4 (mouse Sertoli cells). Treatment with OTA led to a significant decrease in the proliferation of both cell lines, as revealed by an increased proportion of cells in the sub-G1 phase. In addition, the phosphorylation of signaling molecules belonging to the PI3K (Akt, P70S6K, and S6) and MAPK (ERK1/2 and JNK) pathways was regulated by OTA in a dose-dependent manner in TM3 and TM4 cells. Furthermore, the combination treatment of OTA and signaling inhibitors (LY294002, U0126, or SP600125) exerted synergistic antiproliferative effects in TM3 and TM4 cells. OTA also reduced the concentration of calcium ions in the cytosol and mitochondria, which disrupted the calcium homeostasis necessary for maintaining the normal physiological functions of testicular cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate the mechanism underlying the antiproliferative effects of OTA in mouse testicular cells. Exposure to OTA may result in abnormal sperm maturation and the failure of spermatogenesis, which leads to male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Seo Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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25
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Inoue M, Baba T, Morohashi KI. Recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of Leydig cell differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 468:39-46. [PMID: 29309805 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Leydig cells in fetal and adult testes play pivotal roles in eliciting male characteristics by producing androgen. Although numerous studies of Leydig cells have been performed, the mechanisms for differentiation of the two cell types (fetal Leydig and adult Leydig cells), their developmental and functional relationship, and their differential characteristics remain largely unclear. Based on recent technical progress in genome-wide analysis and in vitro investigation, novel and fascinating observations concerning the issues above have been obtained. Focusing on fetal and adult Leydig cells, this review summarizes the recent progress that has advanced our understanding of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Inoue
- Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Baba
- Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichirou Morohashi
- Division of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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26
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de Araújo Ramos AT, Diamante MAS, de Almeida Lamas C, Dolder H, de Souza Predes F. Morphological and morphometrical changes on adult Wistar rat testis caused by chronic sodium arsenite exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:27905-27912. [PMID: 28988284 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a contaminant that occurs naturally in the environment, and it is related to several diseases, such as cancer and severe metabolic diseases. Sodium arsenite effects on testes rats are not fully understood regarding morphology and stereology; thus, it becomes necessary to evaluate possible changes in these parameters under low concentrations and simulating occupational exposure. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the morphometrical and stereological changes on rat testis treated with sodium arsenite. The treatment was accomplished using 5 mg/kg of sodium arsenite by gastric gavage in Wistar rats, which experiment lasted 8 weeks. Organs were weighed and gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated. Using the software Image Pro Plus, seminiferous tubule diameter was measured, and the volume densities of testicular parenchymal components were obtained. It was counted 200 hundred spermatozoa and classified as normal or abnormal. The parameters means of control (N = 5) and treated (N = 7) groups were compared by U Mann-Whitney's test, and the results were considered significant for P < 0.05. We observed a decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter, as well as testis weight. These finds may be related with disorders of testosterone metabolism due to activation of immunological responses of macrophage, which inhibit the steroidogenesis. Thus, we conclude that sodium arsenic does not impair the animal's general health, but its exposure induces biochemical and tissue changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Celina de Almeida Lamas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heidi Dolder
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia de Souza Predes
- State University of Paraná Campus Paranaguá, Comendador Correa Junior Street, 177, Center, Paranaguá, Paraná, Brazil.
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27
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Role of the Hedgehog Signaling Pathway in Regulating the Behavior of Germline Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5714608. [PMID: 28883837 PMCID: PMC5572616 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5714608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline stem cells (GSCs) are adult stem cells that are responsible for the production of gametes and include spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and ovarian germline stem cells (OGSCs). GSCs are located in a specialized microenvironment in the gonads called the niche. Many recent studies have demonstrated that multiple signals in the niche jointly regulate the proliferation and differentiation of GSCs, which is of significance for reproductive function. Previous studies have demonstrated that the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway participates in the proliferation and differentiation of various stem cells, including GSCs in Drosophila and male mammals. Furthermore, the discovery of mammalian OGSCs challenged the traditional opinion that the number of primary follicles is fixed in postnatal mammals, which is of significance for the reproductive ability of female mammals and the treatment of diseases related to germ cells. Meanwhile, it still remains to be determined whether the Hh signaling pathway participates in the regulation of the behavior of OGSCs. Herein, we review the current research on the role of the Hh signaling pathway in mediating the behavior of GSCs. In addition, some suggestions for future research are proposed.
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28
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Chen H, Wang Y, Ge R, Zirkin BR. Leydig cell stem cells: Identification, proliferation and differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 445:65-73. [PMID: 27743991 PMCID: PMC5346484 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Adult Leydig cells develop from undifferentiated mesenchymal-like stem cells (stem Leydig cells, SLCs) present in the interstitial compartment of the early postnatal testis. Putative SLCs also have been identified in peritubular and perivascular locations of the adult testis. The latter cells, which normally are quiescent, are capable of regenerating new Leydig cells upon the loss of the adult cells. Recent studies have identified several protein markers to identify these cells, including nestin, PDGFRα, COUP-TFII, CD51 and CD90. We have shown that the proliferation of the SLCs is stimulated by DHH, FGF2, PDGFBB, activin and PDGFAA. Suppression of proliferation occurred with TGFβ, androgen and PKA signaling. The differentiation of the SLCs into testosterone-producing Leydig cells was found to be regulated positively by DHH (Desert hedgehog), lithium-induced signaling and activin; and negatively by TGFβ, PDGFBB, FGF2, Notch and Wnt signaling. DHH, by itself, was found to induce SLC differentiation into LH-responsive steroidogenic cells, suggesting that DHH plays a critical role in the commitment of SLC into the Leydig lineage. These studies, taken together, address the function and regulation of low turnover stem cells in a complex, adult organ, and also have potential application to the treatment of androgen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Chen
- Center for Scientific Research, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Center for Scientific Research, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Renshan Ge
- Center for Scientific Research, Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
| | - Barry R Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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A high-fat diet impairs reproduction by decreasing the IL1β level in mice treated at immature stage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:567. [PMID: 28373640 PMCID: PMC5428732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00505-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes low-grade inflammation that is involved in male infertility. Interleukin 1 beta (IL1β) plays an important role in this process. A high-fat diet (HFD) is the most common cause of obesity. However, the effect of a HFD on IL1β and its consequence in reproduction remain unclear. We established a HFD model in mice treated at immature stage (mice-TIS) and mice treated at mature stage (mice-TMS). Surprisingly, we found that a HFD decreased IL1β levels and was accompanied by an increase in testosterone in mice-TIS, while the reverse results were observed in mice-TMS. In addition, a HFD caused a reduction in testis macrophages and in the expression of inflammasome-related genes and proteins in mice-TIS. Furthermore, we found that IL1β inhibited testosterone secretion through down-regulating the gene expression of P450SCC and P450c17. However, the influence on mice-TIS that were induced by a HFD was recovered by stopping the HFD. In this study, we are the first to report that a HFD impairs the reproductive system by decreasing IL1β and enhancing testosterone levels in mice-TIS, which are different from the effects in mice-TMS. This provides new ideas for the treatment of obesity-induced infertility.
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