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De Deene Y, Wheatley M, Greig T, Hayes D, Ryder W, Loh H. A multi-modality medical imaging head and neck phantom: Part 2. Medical imaging. Phys Med 2022; 96:179-197. [PMID: 35219580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The head and neck phantom discussed in an accompanying paper (part 1), is imaged with MRI, X-ray CT, PET and ultrasound. MRI scans show a distinct image contrast between the brain compartment and other anatomical regions of the head. The silicone matrix that was used to create a porous brain compartment has a relatively high proton density and a spin-spin relaxation time (T2) that is long enough to provide an MRI signal. While the longitudinal magnetization was found to recover according to a mono-exponential, a bi-exponential decay was observed for the transverse relaxation with a slow T2 relaxation component corresponding to the perfusate and a fast T2 relaxation component corresponding to the silicone. The fraction of the slow T2 relaxation component increases upon perfusion. A dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI experiment is conducted in which the injection rate of the contrast agent is varied. Parametric DCE maps are created and reveal regional differences in contrast agent kinetics as a result of differences in porosity. The skull, vertebra and the brain compartment are clearly visible on X-ray CT. Dynamic PET scanning has been performed while the carotic arterial input function is monitored by use of a Geiger-Müller counter. Similar regions of perfusion are found in the PET study as in the DCE MRI study. By doping the perfusate with a lipid micelle emulsion, the phantom is applicable for carotic Doppler ultrasound demonstration and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves De Deene
- Radiology, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Derby Street, Penrith 2750, NSW, Australia; School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Morgan Wheatley
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science, Macquarie University, Balaclava Rd, Macquarie Park 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Greig
- Radiology, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Derby Street, Penrith 2750, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Hayes
- Radiology, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Derby Street, Penrith 2750, NSW, Australia
| | - William Ryder
- Radiology, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Derby Street, Penrith 2750, NSW, Australia
| | - Han Loh
- Radiology, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, New South Wales Health, Derby Street, Penrith 2750, NSW, Australia
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van Schie JJN, Lavini C, van Vliet LJ, Kramer G, Pieters-van den Bos I, Marcus JT, Stoker J, Vos FM. Estimating the arterial input function from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data with compensation for flow enhancement (II): Applications in spine diagnostics and assessment of crohn's disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:1197-1204. [PMID: 29193469 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacokinetic (PK) models can describe microvascular density and integrity. An essential component of PK models is the arterial input function (AIF) representing the time-dependent concentration of contrast agent (CA) in the blood plasma supplied to a tissue. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS To evaluate a novel method for subject-specific AIF estimation that takes inflow effects into account. STUDY TYPE Retrospective study. SUBJECTS Thirteen clinical patients referred for spine-related complaints; 21 patients from a study into luminal Crohn's disease with known Crohn's Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Dynamic fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR) at 3T. ASSESSMENT A population-averaged AIF, AIFs derived from distally placed regions of interest (ROIs), and the new AIF method were applied. Tofts' PK model parameters (including vp and Ktrans ) obtained with the three AIFs were compared. In the Crohn's patients Ktrans was correlated to CDEIS. STATISTICAL TESTS The median values of the PK model parameters from the three methods were compared using a Mann-Whitney U-test. The associated variances were statistically assessed by the Brown-Forsythe test. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was computed to test the correlation of Ktrans to CDEIS. RESULTS The median vp was significantly larger when using the distal ROI approach, compared to the two other methods (P < 0.05 for both comparisons, in both applications). Also, the variances in vp were significantly larger with the ROI approach (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). In the Crohn's disease study, the estimated Ktrans parameter correlated better with the CDEIS (r = 0.733, P < 0.001) when the proposed AIF was used, compared to AIFs from the distal ROI method (r = 0.429, P = 0.067) or the population-averaged AIF (r = 0.567, P = 0.011). DATA CONCLUSION The proposed method yielded realistic PK model parameters and improved the correlation of the Ktrans parameter with CDEIS, compared to existing approaches. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1197-1204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen J N van Schie
- Quantitative Imaging Group, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Lavini
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas J van Vliet
- Quantitative Imaging Group, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Gem Kramer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Indra Pieters-van den Bos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J T Marcus
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frans M Vos
- Quantitative Imaging Group, Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Schie JJN, Lavini C, van Vliet LJ, Vos FM. Estimating the arterial input function from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data with compensation for flow enhancement (I): Theory, method, and phantom experiments. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:1190-1196. [PMID: 29193415 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arterial input function (AIF) represents the time-dependent arterial contrast agent (CA) concentration that is used in pharmacokinetic modeling. PURPOSE To develop a novel method for estimating the AIF from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-) MRI data, while compensating for flow enhancement. STUDY TYPE Signal simulation and phantom measurements. PHANTOM MODEL Time-intensity curves (TICs) were simulated for different numbers of excitation pulses modeling flow effects. A phantom experiment was performed in which a solution (without CA) was passed through a straight tube, at constant flow velocity. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Dynamic fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGRs) at 3T MRI, both in the simulations and in the phantom experiment. TICs were generated for a duration of 373 seconds and sampled at intervals of 1.247 seconds (300 timepoints). ASSESSMENT The proposed method first estimates the number of pulses that spins have received, and then uses this knowledge to accurately estimate the CA concentration. STATISTICAL TESTS The difference between the median of the estimated number of pulses and the true value was determined, as well as the interquartile range (IQR) of the estimations. The estimated CA concentrations were evaluated in the same way. The estimated number of pulses was also used to calculate flow velocity. RESULTS The difference between the median estimated and reference number of pulses varied from -0.005 to -1.371 (corresponding IQRs: 0.853 and 48.377) at true values of 10 and 180 pulses, respectively. The difference between the median estimated CA concentration and the reference value varied from -0.00015 to 0.00306 mmol/L (corresponding IQRs: 0.01989 and 1.51013 mmol/L) at true values of 0.5 and 8.0 mmol/l, respectively, at an intermediate value of 100 pulses. The estimated flow velocities in the phantom were within 10% of the reference value. DATA CONCLUSION The proposed method accurately corrects the MRI signal affected by the inflow effect. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1190-1196.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Lavini
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas J van Vliet
- Quantitative Imaging Group, University of Technology Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frans M Vos
- Quantitative Imaging Group, University of Technology Delft, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Farjadian F, Moradi S, Hosseini M. Thin chitosan films containing super-paramagnetic nanoparticles with contrasting capability in magnetic resonance imaging. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:47. [PMID: 28176191 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5854-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have found application as MRI contrasting agents. Herein, chitosan thin films containing super-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are evaluated in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To determine their contrasting capability, super-paramagnetic nanoparticles coated with citrate (SPIONs-cit) were synthesized. Then, chitosan thin films with different concentrations of SPIONs-cit were prepared and their MRI data (i.e., r 2 and r 2*) was evaluated in an aqueous medium. The synthesized SPIONs-cit and chitosan/SPIONs-cit films were characterized by FTIR, EDX, XRD as well as VSM with the morphology evaluated by SEM and AFM. The nanoparticle sizes and distribution confirmed well-defined nanoparticles and thin films formation along with high contrasting capability in MRI. Images revealed well-dispersed uniform nanoparticles, averaging 10 nm in size. SPIONs-cit's hydrodynamic size averaged 23 nm in diameter. The crystallinity obeyed a chitosan and SPIONs pattern. The in vitro cellular assay of thin films with a novel route was performed within Hek293 cell lines showing that thin films can be biocompatible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farjadian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sahar Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Majid Hosseini
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
- Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), Edinburg, TX, 78539, USA.
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Chen PC, Lin DJ, Jao JC, Hsiao CC, Lin LM, Pan HB. The Impact of Flip Angle and TR on the Enhancement Ratio of Dynamic Gadobutrol-enhanced MR Imaging: In Vivo VX2 Tumor Model and Computer Simulation. Magn Reson Med Sci 2015; 14:193-202. [PMID: 25833269 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.2014-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is widely used to diagnose cancer and monitor therapy. The maximum enhancement ratio (ERmax) obtained from the curve of signal intensity over time could be a biomarker to distinguish cancer from normal tissue or benign tumors. We evaluated the impact of flip angle (FA) and repetition time (TR) on the ERmax values of dynamic gadobutrol-enhanced MR imaging, obtaining T1-weighted (T1W) MR imaging of VX2 tumors using 2-dimensional fast spoiled gradient echo (2D FSPGR) with various FAs (30°, 60° and 90°) at 1.5 tesla before and after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadobutrol. In vivo study indicated significant differences between ERmax values and area under the ER-time curve (AUC100) of VX2 tumors and muscle tissue, with the highest ERmax and AUC100 at FA 90°. Computer simulation also demonstrated the ER as a strictly increasing monotonic function in the closed interval [0°, 90°] for a given TR when using T1W FSPGR, and the highest ER value always occurred at FA 90°. The FA for the highest ER differed from that for the highest signal-to-noise or contrast-to-noise ratio. For long TR, the ER value increases gradually. However, for short TR, the ER value increases rapidly and plateaus so that the ER value changes little beyond a certain FA value. Therefore, we suggest use of a higher FA, near 90°, to obtain a higher ERmax for long TR in 2D SPGR or FSPGR and a smaller FA, much less than 90°, to reach an appropriate ERmax for short TR in 3D SPGR or FSPGR. This information could be helpful in setting the optimal parameters for DCE-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chou Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-SHOU University
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Deligianni X, Bär P, Scheffler K, Trattnig S, Bieri O. High-resolution Fourier-encoded sub-millisecond echo time musculoskeletal imaging at 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2012; 70:1434-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.24578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X. Deligianni
- Division of Radiological Physics; Department of Radiology; University of Basel Hospital; Basel Switzerland
| | - P. Bär
- Siemens Healthcare; Erlangen Germany
| | - K. Scheffler
- High-Field Magnetic Resonance Center; Max-Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance; University Hospital Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
| | - S. Trattnig
- Department of Radiology; MR Center of Excellence; Medical University Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - O. Bieri
- Division of Radiological Physics; Department of Radiology; University of Basel Hospital; Basel Switzerland
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Frydrychowicz A, Nagle SK, D'Souza SL, Vigen KK, Reeder SB. Optimized high-resolution contrast-enhanced hepatobiliary imaging at 3 tesla: a cross-over comparison of gadobenate dimeglumine and gadoxetic acid. J Magn Reson Imaging 2011; 34:585-94. [PMID: 21751288 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.22713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) performance of 0.05 mmol/kg gadoxetic acid and 0.1 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine for dynamic and hepatobiliary phase imaging. In addition, flip angles (FA) that maximize relative contrast-to-noise performance for hepatobiliary phase imaging were determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-over study in 10 volunteers was performed using each agent. Imaging was performed at 3 Tesla (T) with a 32-channel phased-array coil using breathheld 3D spoiled gradient echo sequences for SNR and CNR analysis, and for FA optimization of hepatobiliary phase imaging. RESULTS Gadobenate dimeglumine (0.1 mmol/kg) had superior SNR performance during the dynamic phase, statistically significant for portal vein and hepatic vein in the portal venous and venous phase (for all, P < 0.05) despite twice the approved dose of gadoxetic acid (0.05 mmol/kg), while gadoxetic acid had superior SNR performance during the hepatobiliary phase. Optimal FAs for hepatobiliary phase imaging using gadoxetic acid and gadobenate dimeglumine were 25-30° and 20-30° for relative contrast liver versus muscle (surrogate for nonhepatocellular tissues), and 45° and 20° (relative contrast liver versus biliary structures), respectively. CONCLUSION Gadobenate dimeglumine may be preferable for applications that require dynamic phase imaging only, while gadoxetic acid may be preferable when the hepatobiliary phase is clinically important. Hepatobiliary phase imaging with both agents benefits from flip angle optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Frydrychowicz
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 73727, USA
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Comparison of gadofosveset trisodium and gadobenate dimeglumine during time-resolved thoracic MR angiography at 3T. Acad Radiol 2010; 17:1394-400. [PMID: 20650665 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2010.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Gadofosveset trisodium is a blood-pool contrast agent (BPA) that shows a less pronounced r1 relaxivity advantage over gadobenate dimeglumine at 3T than at 1.5T. However, there are few data on image quality during first-pass imaging of the thoracic vasculature with gadofosveset trisodium at 3 T. Therefore, it was the aim of this study to compare first-pass imaging characteristics of gadofosveset trisodium to gadobenate dimeglumine during time-resolved contrast-enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography (CE MRA) at 3 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty volunteers underwent time-resolved CE MRA on a 3 T magnetic resonance (MR) system with a standard eight-channel phased-array surface coil, receiving either gadofosveset trisodium (blood pool agent [BPA], n = 10) or gadobenate dimeglumine (standard contrast agent, [SCA], n = 10). Image quality was assessed by two independent readers using a Likert scale ranging from 0 = poor quality to 3 = excellent quality, and relative signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios were calculated. RESULTS Equally good to excellent first-pass image quality was confirmed for time-resolved CE MRA using BPA and SCA (arteries, 2.8 ± 0.2 and 2.6 ± 0.4; veins, 2.5 ± 0.3 and 2.2 ± 0.4; artifacts, 2.4 ± 0.2 and 2.3 ± 0.1). Signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios showed nonsignificant differences, except for left subclavian artery values. There was an overall nonsignificant superiority in signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios for standard contrast agent in arterial values and BPA regarding venous values. CONCLUSIONS Despite a markedly decreased r1/r2 relaxivity ratio, first-pass imaging characteristics of gadofosveset trisodium and gadobenate dimeglumine are equally well suited for first pass time-resolved CE MRA at 3 T.
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von zur Muhlen C, Fink-Petri A, Salaklang J, Paul D, Neudorfer I, Berti V, Merkle A, Peter K, Bode C, von Elverfeldt D. Imaging monocytes with iron oxide nanoparticles targeted towards the monocyte integrin MAC-1 (CD11b/CD18) does not result in improved atherosclerotic plaque detection by in vivo MRI. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2010; 5:268-75. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Comparative Evaluation of Lesion Enhancement Using 1 M Gadobutrol vs. 2 Conventional Gadolinium Chelates, All at a Dose of 0.1 mmol/kg, in a Rat Brain Tumor Model at 3 T. Invest Radiol 2009; 44:251-6. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e31819ba711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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