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Ding M, Gao T, Song Y, Yi L, Li W, Deng C, Zhou W, Xie M, Zhang L. Nanoparticle-based T cell immunoimaging and immunomodulatory for diagnosing and treating transplant rejection. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24203. [PMID: 38312645 PMCID: PMC10835187 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells serve a pivotal role in the rejection of transplants, both by directly attacking the graft and by recruiting other immune cells, which intensifies the rejection process. Therefore, monitoring T cells becomes crucial for early detection of transplant rejection, while targeted drug delivery specifically to T cells can significantly enhance the effectiveness of rejection therapy. However, regulating the activity of T cells within transplanted organs is challenging, and the prolonged use of immunosuppressive drugs is associated with notable side effects and complications. Functionalized nanoparticles offer a potential solution by targeting T cells within transplants or lymph nodes, thereby reducing the off-target effects and improving the long-term survival of the graft. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent advancements in T cell-targeted imaging molecular probes for diagnosing transplant rejection and the progress of T cell-regulating nanomedicines for treating transplant rejection. Additionally, we will discuss future directions and the challenges in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdan Ding
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yishu Song
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Luyang Yi
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenqu Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Cheng Deng
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wuqi Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, 430022, China
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2
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Arifin DR, Bulte JWM. In Vivo Imaging of Naked and Microencapsulated Islet Cell Transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2592:75-88. [PMID: 36507986 PMCID: PMC10437091 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2807-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe step-by-step methods to label human pancreatic islet cells and murine insulinoma cells and their subsequent transplantation into type I diabetic mouse models with a focus on in vivo imaging using clinically applicable scanners. We also cover islets that are microencapsulated within alginate hydrogels loaded with imaging agents. By following these methods, it is possible to image cell grafts using T1-weighted and T2/T2*-weighted 1H magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 19F MRI, computed tomography, ultrasound imaging, and bioluminescence imaging in vivo. Considering a myriad of factors that may affect the outcome of proper in vivo detection, we discuss potential issues that may be encountered during and after the process of labeling. The ultimate goal is to use these in vivo imaging approaches to determine and optimize naked and encapsulated islet cell survival, therapeutic function, and engraftment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R Arifin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Gevaert JJ, Fink C, Dikeakos JD, Dekaban GA, Foster PJ. Magnetic Particle Imaging Is a Sensitive In Vivo Imaging Modality for the Detection of Dendritic Cell Migration. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:886-897. [PMID: 35648316 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01738-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate magnetic particle imaging (MPI) as a method for the in vivo tracking of dendritic cells (DC). DC are used in cancer immunotherapy and must migrate from the site of implantation to lymph nodes to be effective. The magnitude of the ensuing T cell response is proportional to the number of lymph node-migrated DC. With current protocols, less than 10% of DC are expected to reach target nodes. Therefore, imaging techniques for studying DC migration must be sensitive and quantitative. Here, we describe the first study using MPI to detect and track DC injected into the footpads of C57BL/6 mice migrating to the popliteal lymph nodes (pLNs). PROCEDURES DC were labelled with Synomag-D™ and injected into each hind footpad of C57BL/6 mice (n = 6). In vivo MPI was conducted immediately and repeated 48 h later. The MPI signal was measured from images and related to the signal from a known number of cells to calculate iron content. DC numbers were estimated by dividing iron content in the image by the iron per cell measured from a separate cell sample. The presence of SPIO-labeled DC in nodes was validated by ex vivo MPI, histology, and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Day 2 imaging showed a decrease in MPI signal in the footpads and an increase in signal at the pLNs, indicating DC migration. MPI signal was detected in the left pLN in four of the six mice and two of the six mice showed MPI signal in the right pLN. Ex vivo imaging detected signal in 11/12 nodes. We report a sensitivity of approximately 4000 cells (0.015 µg Fe) in vivo and 2000 cells (0.007 µg Fe) ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS Here, we describe the first study to use MPI to detect and track DC in a migration model with immunotherapeutic applications. We also bring attention to the issue of resolving unequal signals within close proximity, a challenge for any pre-clinical study using a highly concentrated tracer bolus that shadows nearby lower signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia J Gevaert
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada. .,Cellular and Molecular Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Corby Fink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Biotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory A Dekaban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Biotherapeutics Research Laboratory, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Paula J Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Cellular and Molecular Imaging Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Helfer BM, Bulte JW. Cell Surveillance Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mair LO, Chowdhury S, Paredes-Juarez GA, Guix M, Bi C, Johnson B, English BW, Jafari S, Baker-McKee J, Watson-Daniels J, Hale O, Stepanov P, Sun D, Baker Z, Ropp C, Raval SB, Arifin DR, Bulte JWM, Weinberg IN, Evans BA, Cappelleri DJ. Magnetically Aligned Nanorods in Alginate Capsules (MANiACs): Soft Matter Tumbling Robots for Manipulation and Drug Delivery. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E230. [PMID: 30935105 PMCID: PMC6523834 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Soft, untethered microrobots composed of biocompatible materials for completing micromanipulation and drug delivery tasks in lab-on-a-chip and medical scenarios are currently being developed. Alginate holds significant potential in medical microrobotics due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and drug encapsulation capabilities. Here, we describe the synthesis of MANiACs-Magnetically Aligned Nanorods in Alginate Capsules-for use as untethered microrobotic surface tumblers, demonstrating magnetically guided lateral tumbling via rotating magnetic fields. MANiAC translation is demonstrated on tissue surfaces as well as inclined slopes. These alginate microrobots are capable of manipulating objects over millimeter-scale distances. Finally, we demonstrate payload release capabilities of MANiACs during translational tumbling motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamar O Mair
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Sagar Chowdhury
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
- Multi-Scale Robotics and Automation Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Genaro A Paredes-Juarez
- Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Maria Guix
- Multi-Scale Robotics and Automation Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Chenghao Bi
- Multi-Scale Robotics and Automation Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Multi-Scale Robotics and Automation Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | | | - Sahar Jafari
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | | | | | - Olivia Hale
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Pavel Stepanov
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Danica Sun
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Zachary Baker
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Chad Ropp
- Weinberg Medical Physics, Inc., North Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | | | - Dian R Arifin
- Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | | | | | - David J Cappelleri
- Multi-Scale Robotics and Automation Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Mallett CL, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, Shapiro EM. Tracking Neural Progenitor Cell Migration in the Rodent Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:995. [PMID: 30686969 PMCID: PMC6337062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of neurogenesis and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is important across the biomedical spectrum, from learning about normal brain development and studying disease to engineering new strategies in regenerative medicine. In adult mammals, NPCs proliferate in two main areas of the brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone, and continue to migrate even after neurogenesis has ceased within the rest of the brain. In healthy animals, NPCs migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb, and in diseased animals, NPCs migrate toward lesions such as stroke and tumors. Here we review how MRI-based cell tracking using iron oxide particles can be used to monitor and quantify NPC migration in the intact rodent brain, in a serial and relatively non-invasive fashion. NPCs can either be labeled directly in situ by injecting particles into the lateral ventricle or RMS, where NPCs can take up particles, or cells can be harvested and labeled in vitro, then injected into the brain. For in situ labeling experiments, the particle type, injection site, and image analysis methods have been optimized and cell migration toward stroke and multiple sclerosis lesions has been investigated. Delivery of labeled exogenous NPCs has allowed imaging of cell migration toward more sites of neuropathology, which may enable new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for as-of-yet untreatable neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L. Mallett
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Dorela D. Shuboni-Mulligan
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Erik M. Shapiro
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Bouwman JG, Custers BA, Bakker CJG, Viergever MA, Seevinck PR. isoPhasor: a generic and precise marker visualization, localization, and quantification method based on phase saddles in 3D MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:2038-2051. [PMID: 30346055 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To derive a generic approach for accurate localization and characterization of susceptibility markers in MRI, compatible with many common types of pulse sequences, sampling trajectories, and acceleration methods. THEORY AND METHODS A susceptibility marker's dipolar phase evolution creates 3 saddles in the phase gradient of the spatial encoding, for each sampled data point in k-space. The signal originating from these saddles can be focused at the location of the marker to create positive contrast. The required phase shift can be calculated from the scan parameters and the marker properties, providing a marker detection algorithm generic for different scan types. The method was validated numerically and experimentally for a broad range of spherical susceptibility markers (0.3 < radius < 1.6 mm, 10 < |∆χ| < 3300 ppm), under various conditions. RESULTS For all numerical and experimental phantoms, the average localization error was below one third of the voxel size, whereas the average error in magnetic strength quantification was 7%. The experiments included different pulse sequences (gradient echo, spin echo [SE], and free induction decay scans), sampling strategies (Cartesian, radial), and acceleration methods (echo planar imaging EPI, turbo SE). CONCLUSION Spherical markers can be identified from their phase saddles, enabling clear visualization, precise localization, and accurate quantification of their magnetic strength, in a wide range of clinically relevant pulse sequences and sampling strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Job G Bouwman
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bram A Custers
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J G Bakker
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Max A Viergever
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Seevinck
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Paredes-Juarez GA, de Vos P, Bulte JWM. Recent progress in the use and tracking of transplanted islets as a personalized treatment for type 1 diabetes. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2017; 2:57-67. [PMID: 29276781 PMCID: PMC5737787 DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2017.1302305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease in which the pancreas produces insufficient amounts of insulin. T1DM patients require exogenous sources of insulin to maintain euglycemia. Transplantation of naked or microencapsulated pancreatic islets represents an alternative paradigm to obtain an autonomous regulation of blood glucose levels in a controlled and personalized fashion. However, once transplanted, the fate of these personalized cellular therapeutics is largely unknown, justifying the development of non-invasive tracking techniques. AREAS COVERED In vivo imaging of naked pancreatic islet transplantation, monitoring of microencapsulated islet transplantation, visualizing pancreatic inflammation, imaging of molecular-genetic therapeutics, imaging of beta cell function. EXPERT COMMENTARY There are still several hurdles to overcome before (microencapsulated) islet cell transplantation will become a mainstay therapy. Non-invasive imaging methods that can track graft volume, graft rejection, graft function (insulin secretion) microcapsule engraftment, microcapsule rupture, and pancreatic inflammation are currently being developed to design the best experimental transplantation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro A Paredes-Juarez
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul de Vos
- University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Section Immunoendocrinology. Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, Division of Magnetic Resonance Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Wu T, Bennett KM. 3D small structure detection in medical image using texture analysis. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2017; 2016:6433-6436. [PMID: 28269719 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7592201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Small structure segmentation from medical images is a challenging problem yet has important applications. Examples are labeling cell, lesion and glomeruli for disease diagnosis, just to name a few. Though extensive research has proposed various detectors for this type of problem, most are 2D detectors. Recently, we have developed a Hessian based 3D detector to segment small structures from medical images (e.g., MRI). In our detector, two 3D geometrical features: regional blobness and flatness, in conjunction with the intensity features are fully utilized to serve the segmentation purpose. The objective of this research is to further improve the 3D detector with additions of texture features. Medical images contain rich information which can be presented as texture, the local characteristics pattern of image intensity. We hypothesize the Hessian based detector extended with the 3D texture features is expected to have improved performance in segmenting small structures. To thoroughly evaluate the contributions from the textual features, 25 synthetic images and 6 real world rat MR images are studied. It is observed the combination of intensity, blobness, and two texture features: intensity standard deviation and entropy improves performance in synthetic dataset by about 19% in F-score, and performs as well as other detectors on rat MR images.
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Gimenez U, Lajous H, El Atifi M, Bidart M, Auboiroux V, Fries PH, Berger F, Lahrech H. In vivoquantification of magnetically labelled cells by MRI relaxometry. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:535-543. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulysse Gimenez
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | - Hélène Lajous
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | - Michèle El Atifi
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | - Marie Bidart
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | | | | | - François Berger
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
| | - Hana Lahrech
- CLINATEC Translational Technology Lab INSERM U1205; CEA Grenoble France
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Makela AV, Murrell DH, Parkins KM, Kara J, Gaudet JM, Foster PJ. Cellular Imaging With MRI. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 25:177-186. [PMID: 27748707 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an evolving field of imaging with strong translational and research potential. The ability to detect, track, and quantify cells in vivo and over time allows for studying cellular events related to disease processes and may be used as a biomarker for decisions about treatments and for monitoring responses to treatments. In this review, we discuss methods for labeling cells, various applications for cellular MRI, the existing limitations, strategies to address these shortcomings, and clinical cellular MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley V Makela
- *Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute †Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Goodfellow F, Simchick GA, Mortensen LJ, Stice SL, Zhao Q. Tracking and Quantification of Magnetically Labeled Stem Cells using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2016; 26:3899-3915. [PMID: 28751853 PMCID: PMC5526633 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201504444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell based therapies have critical impacts on treatments and cures of diseases such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular disease. In vivo tracking of stem cells labeled with magnetic contrast agents is of particular interest and importance as it allows for monitoring of the cells' bio-distribution, viability, and physiological responses. Herein, recent advances are introduced in tracking and quantification of super-paramagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles-labeled cells with magnetic resonance imaging, a noninvasive approach that can longitudinally monitor transplanted cells. This is followed by recent translational research on human stem cells that are dual-labeled with green fluorescence protein (GFP) and SPIO nanoparticles, then transplanted and tracked in a chicken embryo model. Cell labeling efficiency, viability, and cell differentiation are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory A Simchick
- Bioimaging Research Center, Regenerative Bioscience Center, and Department of Physics University of Georgia, Athens, GA. 30602, USA
| | | | | | - Qun Zhao
- Bioimaging Research Center, Regenerative Bioscience Center, and Department of Physics University of Georgia, Athens, GA. 30602, USA
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13
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Arifin DR, Valdeig S, Anders RA, Bulte JWM, Weiss CR. Magnetoencapsulated human islets xenotransplanted into swine: a comparison of different transplantation sites. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:211-21. [PMID: 27225644 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fate of magnetically labeled, barium-gelled alginate/protamine sulfate/alginate microcapsules (APSA magnetocapsules) following xenotransplantation was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histopathology. METHODS Magnetocapsules with and without human islets were transplanted into five different clinically accessible sites: portal vein, subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, the liver and the kidney subcapsular space. The surface of APSA magnetocapsules was modified using clinical-grade heparin to mitigate an instant blood-mediated inflammatory reaction. RESULTS The accuracy of site-specific delivery was confirmed using a clinical 1.5T MRI setup, where the magnetocapsules appeared as distinct hypointense entities after transplantation. As proven by the Lee-White blood coagulation test, heparin-treated APSA magnetocapsules did not induce blood clotting for more than 48 h in vitro. Heparinized magnetocapsules induced innate and adaptive immune responses in vivo regardless of the transplantation sites. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the feasibility of using a clinical 1.5T MRI to non-invasively detect the accuracy of APSA magnetocapsule injection into various clinically accessible transplantation sites. Among the investigated transplantation sites, the liver and kidney subcapsular space were found to be the least immuno-responsive toward xenografted magneto-encapsulated human islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R Arifin
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Steffi Valdeig
- Interventional Radiology Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert A Anders
- Gastrointestinal Liver Pathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jeff W M Bulte
- Division of MR Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Clifford R Weiss
- Interventional Radiology Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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14
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Ariza de Schellenberger A, Kratz H, Farr TD, Löwa N, Hauptmann R, Wagner S, Taupitz M, Schnorr J, Schellenberger EA. Labeling of mesenchymal stem cells for MRI with single-cell sensitivity. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1517-35. [PMID: 27110112 PMCID: PMC4835118 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive cell detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for the development of cell therapies. However, clinically approved contrast agents that allow single-cell detection are currently not available. Therefore, we compared very small iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOP) and new multicore carboxymethyl dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (multicore particles, MCP) designed by our department for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) with discontinued Resovist® regarding their suitability for detection of single mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by MRI. We achieved an average intracellular nanoparticle (NP) load of >10 pg Fe per cell without the use of transfection agents. NP loading did not lead to significantly different results in proliferation, colony formation, and multilineage in vitro differentiation assays in comparison to controls. MRI allowed single-cell detection using VSOP, MCP, and Resovist® in conjunction with high-resolution T2*-weighted imaging at 7 T with postprocessing of phase images in agarose cell phantoms and in vivo after delivery of 2,000 NP-labeled MSC into mouse brains via the left carotid artery. With optimized labeling conditions, a detection rate of ~45% was achieved; however, the experiments were limited by nonhomogeneous NP loading of the MSC population. Attempts should be made to achieve better cell separation for homogeneous NP loading and to thus improve NP-uptake-dependent biocompatibility studies and cell detection by MRI and future MPI. Additionally, using a 7 T MR imager equipped with a cryocoil resulted in approximately two times higher detection. In conclusion, we established labeling conditions for new high-relaxivity MCP, VSOP, and Resovist® for improved MRI of MSC with single-cell sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harald Kratz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tracy D Farr
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Nottingham, UK
| | - Norbert Löwa
- Department of Biomagnetic Signals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Hauptmann
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Wagner
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eyk A Schellenberger
- Department of Radiology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Zhang M, Wu T, Beeman SC, Cullen-McEwen L, Bertram JF, Charlton JR, Baldelomar E, Bennett KM. Efficient Small Blob Detection Based on Local Convexity, Intensity and Shape Information. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2016; 35:1127-1137. [PMID: 26685229 PMCID: PMC6991892 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2015.2509463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The identification of small structures (blobs) from medical images to quantify clinically relevant features, such as size and shape, is important in many medical applications. One particular application explored here is the automated detection of kidney glomeruli after targeted contrast enhancement and magnetic resonance imaging. We propose a computationally efficient algorithm, termed the Hessian-based Difference of Gaussians (HDoG), to segment small blobs (e.g., glomeruli from kidney) from 3D medical images based on local convexity, intensity and shape information. The image is first smoothed and pre-segmented into small blob candidate regions based on local convexity. Two novel 3D regional features (regional blobness and regional flatness) are then extracted from the candidate regions. Together with regional intensity, the three features are used in an unsupervised learning algorithm for auto post-pruning. HDoG is first validated in a 2D form and compared with other three blob detectors from literature, which are generally for 2D images only. To test the detectability of blobs from 3D images, 240 sets of simulated images are rendered for scenarios mimicking the renal nephron distribution observed in contrast-enhanced, 3D MRI. The results show a satisfactory performance of HDoG in detecting large numbers of small blobs. Two sets of real kidney 3D MR images (6 rats, 3 human) are then used to validate the applicability of HDoG for glomeruli detection. By comparing MRI to stereological measurements, we verify that HDoG is a robust and efficient unsupervised technique for 3D blobs segmentation.
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16
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Quantification of susceptibility change at high-concentrated SPIO-labeled target by characteristic phase gradient recognition. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 34:552-61. [PMID: 26592796 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phase map cross-correlation detection and quantification may produce highlighted signal at superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, and distinguish them from other hypointensities. The method may quantify susceptibility change by performing least squares analysis between a theoretically generated magnetic field template and an experimentally scanned phase image. Because characteristic phase recognition requires the removal of phase wrap and phase background, additional steps of phase unwrapping and filtering may increase the chance of computing error and enlarge the inconsistence among algorithms. To solve problem, phase gradient cross-correlation and quantification method is developed by recognizing characteristic phase gradient pattern instead of phase image because phase gradient operation inherently includes unwrapping and filtering functions. However, few studies have mentioned the detectable limit of currently used phase gradient calculation algorithms. The limit may lead to an underestimation of large magnetic susceptibility change caused by high-concentrated iron accumulation. In this study, mathematical derivation points out the value of maximum detectable phase gradient calculated by differential chain algorithm in both spatial and Fourier domain. To break through the limit, a modified quantification method is proposed by using unwrapped forward differentiation for phase gradient generation. The method enlarges the detectable range of phase gradient measurement and avoids the underestimation of magnetic susceptibility. Simulation and phantom experiments were used to quantitatively compare different methods. In vivo application performs MRI scanning on nude mice implanted by iron-labeled human cancer cells. Results validate the limit of detectable phase gradient and the consequent susceptibility underestimation. Results also demonstrate the advantage of unwrapped forward differentiation compared with differential chain algorithms for susceptibility quantification at high-concentrated iron accumulation.
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17
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Qie F, Astolfo A, Wickramaratna M, Behe M, Evans MDM, Hughes TC, Hao X, Tan T. Self-assembled gold coating enhances X-ray imaging of alginate microcapsules. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:2480-2488. [PMID: 25567482 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06692h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic biomolecules produced from cells encapsulated within alginate microcapsules (MCs) offer a potential treatment for a number of diseases. However the fate of such MCs once implanted into the body is difficult to establish. Labelling the MCs with medical imaging contrast agents may aid their detection and give researchers the ability to track them over time thus aiding the development of such cellular therapies. Here we report the preparation of MCs with a self-assembled gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) coating which results in distinctive contrast and enables them to be readily identified using a conventional small animal X-ray micro-CT scanner. Cationic Reversible Addition-Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) homopolymer modified AuNPs (PAuNPs) were coated onto the surface of negatively charged alginate MCs resulting in hybrids which possessed low cytotoxicity and high mechanical stability in vitro. As a result of their high localized Au concentration, the hybrid MCs exhibited a distinctive bright circular ring even with a low X-ray dose and rapid scanning in post-mortem imaging experiments facilitating their positive identification and potentially enabling them to be used for in vivo tracking experiments over multiple time-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Qie
- Beijing Key Lab of Bioprocess, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, PR China.
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18
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Gauberti M, Montagne A, Quenault A, Vivien D. Molecular magnetic resonance imaging of brain-immune interactions. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:389. [PMID: 25505871 PMCID: PMC4245913 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was thought to protect the brain from the effects of the immune system, immune cells can nevertheless migrate from the blood to the brain, either as a cause or as a consequence of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, thus contributing to their evolution and outcome. Accordingly, as the interface between the CNS and the peripheral immune system, the BBB is critical during neuroinflammatory processes. In particular, endothelial cells are involved in the brain response to systemic or local inflammatory stimuli by regulating the cellular movement between the circulation and the brain parenchyma. While neuropathological conditions differ in etiology and in the way in which the inflammatory response is mounted and resolved, cellular mechanisms of neuroinflammation are probably similar. Accordingly, neuroinflammation is a hallmark and a decisive player of many CNS diseases. Thus, molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of inflammatory processes is a central theme of research in several neurological disorders focusing on a set of molecules expressed by endothelial cells, such as adhesion molecules (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, P-selectin, E-selectin, …), which emerge as therapeutic targets and biomarkers for neurological diseases. In this review, we will present the most recent advances in the field of preclinical molecular MRI. Moreover, we will discuss the possible translation of molecular MRI to the clinical setting with a particular emphasis on myeloperoxidase imaging, autologous cell tracking, and targeted iron oxide particles (USPIO, MPIO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gauberti
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie - GIP Cyceron Caen, France
| | - Axel Montagne
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie - GIP Cyceron Caen, France
| | - Aurélien Quenault
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie - GIP Cyceron Caen, France
| | - Denis Vivien
- Inserm, Inserm UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie - GIP Cyceron Caen, France
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19
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Wang L, Tang W, Zhen Z, Chen H, Xie J, Zhao Q. Improving detection specificity of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using the SWIFT sequence with long T(2) suppression. Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 32:671-8. [PMID: 24666573 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In order to improve the detection specificity of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) delivered to tumors, we embedded saturation pulses into the sweep imaging using Fourier transformation (SWIFT) sequence to suppress long T(2) tissues and fat. Simulation of the Bloch equation was first conducted to study behavior of the saturation pulses of various lengths under different T(2) and off-resonance conditions. MR experiments were then conducted using in vivo mouse xenografts and a phantom consisting of IONPs, vegetable oil, and explanted tumor specimen, without and with long T(2) suppression under a 7T magnetic field. For the in vivo study, arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) coated 10nm IONPs (RGD-IONPs) were delivered to tumors implanted in nude mice through both intra-tumor and intravenous injections. Histological studies confirmed that RGD-IONPs efficiently homed to tumors through RGD-integrin interaction. Compared to conventional SWIFT, the proposed method resulted in sufficient suppression on long T(2) species but less influence on short T(2) species. For both the in vivo and ex vivo studies, significantly improved contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was achieved between the IONPs and the long T(2) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luning Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, US; BioImaging Research Center (BIRC), University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Zipeng Zhen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Hongming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, US; BioImaging Research Center (BIRC), University of Georgia, Athens, US
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, US; BioImaging Research Center (BIRC), University of Georgia, Athens, US.
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20
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Al Faraj A, Luciani N, Kolosnjaj-Tabi J, Mattar E, Clement O, Wilhelm C, Gazeau F. Real-time high-resolution magnetic resonance tracking of macrophage subpopulations in a murine inflammation model: a pilot study with a commercially available cryogenic probe. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 8:193-203. [PMID: 23281292 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages present different polarization states exhibiting distinct functions in response to environmental stimuli. However, the dynamic of their migration to sites of inflammation is not fully elucidated. Here we propose a real-time in vivo cell tracking approach, using high-resolution (HR)-MRI obtained with a commercially available cryogenic probe (Cryoprobe™), to monitor trafficking of differently polarized macrophages after systemic injection into mice. Murine bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells were differentiated ex vivo into nonpolarized M0, pro-inflammatory M1 and immunomodulator M2 macrophage subsets and labeled with citrate-coated anionic iron oxide nanoparticles (AMNP). These cells were subsequently intravenously injected to mice bearing calf muscle inflammation. Whole body migration dynamics of macrophage subsets was monitored by MRI at 4.7 T with a volume transmission/reception radiofrequency coil and macrophage infiltration to the inflamed paw was monitored with the cryogenic probe, allowing 3D spatial resolution of 50 µm with a scan time of only 10 min. Capture of AMNP was rapid and efficient regardless of macrophage polarization, with the highest uptake in M2 macrophages. Flow cytometry confirmed that macrophages preserved their polarization hallmarks after labeling. Migration kinetics of labeled cells differed from that of free AMNP. A preferential homing of M2-polarized macrophages to inflammation sites was observed. Our in vivo HR-MRI protocol highlights the extent of macrophage infiltration to the inflammation site. Coupled to whole body imaging, HR-MRI provides quantitative information on the time course of migration of ex vivo-polarized intravenously injected macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Al Faraj
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes MSC, CNRS UMR7057, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
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21
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Arifin DR, Kedziorek DA, Fu Y, Chan KWY, McMahon MT, Weiss CR, Kraitchman DL, Bulte JWM. Microencapsulated cell tracking. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:850-859. [PMID: 23225358 PMCID: PMC3655121 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Microencapsulation of therapeutic cells has been widely pursued to achieve cellular immunoprotection following transplantation. Initial clinical studies have shown the potential of microencapsulation using semi-permeable alginate layers, but much needs to be learned about the optimal delivery route, in vivo pattern of engraftment, and microcapsule stability over time. In parallel with noninvasive imaging techniques for 'naked' (i.e. unencapsulated) cell tracking, microcapsules have now been endowed with contrast agents that can be visualized by (1) H MRI, (19) F MRI, X-ray/computed tomography and ultrasound imaging. By placing the contrast agent formulation in the extracellular space of the hydrogel, large amounts of contrast agents can be incorporated with negligible toxicity. This has led to a new generation of imaging biomaterials that can render cells visible with multiple imaging modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian R. Arifin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorota A. Kedziorek
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yingli Fu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kannie W. Y. Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clifford R. Weiss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dara L. Kraitchman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff W. M. Bulte
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Visscher M, Pouw JJ, van Baarlen J, Klaase JM, Ten Haken B. Quantitative analysis of superparamagnetic contrast agent in sentinel lymph nodes using ex vivo vibrating sample magnetometry. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 60:2594-602. [PMID: 23674409 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2261893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
As the first step in developing a new clinical technique for the magnetic detection of colorectal sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), a method is developed to measure the magnetic content in intact, formalin fixated lymph nodes using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). A suspension of superparamagnetic nanoparticles is injected ex vivo around the tumor in the resected colon segments. A selection of three lymph nodes is excised from the region around the tumor and is separately measured in the VSM. The iron content in the lymph nodes is quantified from the magnetic moment curve using the Langevin model for superparamagnetism and a bimodal particle size distribution. Adverse, parasitic movements of the sample were successfully reduced by tight fixation of the soft tissue and using a small vibration amplitude. Iron content in the lymph nodes is detected with 0.5 μg accuracy and ranged from 1 to 51 μg. Histological staining confirmed iron presence. The current method of measuring intact biological tissue in a VSM is suitable to show the feasibility and merit of magnetic detection of SLNs in colorectal cancer. For clinical validation of magnetic SLN selection in colorectal cancer, a new magnetometer with high specificity for superparamagnetic nanoparticles is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Visscher
- Neuro-Imaging Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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23
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Personalized nanomedicine advancements for stem cell tracking. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1488-507. [PMID: 22820528 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological developments in biomedicine have facilitated the generation of data on the anatomical, physiological and molecular level for individual patients and thus introduces opportunity for therapy to be personalized in an unprecedented fashion. Generation of patient-specific stem cells exemplifies the efforts toward this new approach. Cell-based therapy is a highly promising treatment paradigm; however, due to the lack of consistent and unbiased data about the fate of stem cells in vivo, interpretation of therapeutic effects remains challenging hampering the progress in this field. The advent of nanotechnology with a wide palette of inorganic and organic nanostructures has expanded the arsenal of methods for tracking transplanted stem cells. The diversity of nanomaterials has revolutionized personalized nanomedicine and enables individualized tailoring of stem cell labeling materials for the specific needs of each patient. The successful implementation of stem cell tracking will likely be a significant driving force that will contribute to the further development of nanotheranostics. The purpose of this review is to emphasize the role of cell tracking using currently available nanoparticles.
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24
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Link TW, Arifin DR, Long CM, Walczak P, Muja N, Arepally A, Bulte JW. Use of Magnetocapsules for In Vivo Visualization and Enhanced Survival of Xenogeneic HepG2 Cell Transplants. CELL MEDICINE 2012; 4:77-84. [PMID: 23293747 PMCID: PMC3534966 DOI: 10.3727/215517912x653337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte transplantation is currently being considered as a new paradigm for treatment of fulminant liver failure. Xeno- and allotransplantation studies have shown considerable success but the long-term survival and immunorejection of engrafted cells needs to be further evaluated. Using novel alginate-protamine sulfate-alginate microcapsules, we have co-encapsulated luciferase-expressing HepG2 human hepatocytes with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to create magnetocapsules that are visible on MRI as discrete hypointensities. Magnetoencapsulated cells survive and secrete albumin for at least 5 weeks in vitro. When transplanted i.p. in immunocompetent mice, encapsulated hepatocytes survive for at least 4 weeks as determined using bioluminescent imaging, which is in stark contrast to naked, unencapsulated hepatocytes, that died within several days after transplantation. However, in vivo human albumin secretion did not follow the time course of magnetoencapsulated cell survival, with plasma levels returning to baseline values already at 1 week post-transplantation. The present results demonstrate that encapsulation can dramatically prolong survival of xenotransplanted hepatocytes, leading to sustained albumin secretion with a duration that may be long enough for use as a temporary therapeutic bridge to liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. Link
- *Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- §Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dian R. Arifin
- *Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- §Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M. Long
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- *Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- §Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Naser Muja
- *Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- §Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aravind Arepally
- ¶Division of Interventional Radiology, Piedmont Hospital, Atlanta, GA, USA
- #Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
- **Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff W.M. Bulte
- *Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- †Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- §Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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