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Wu M, Zhang JL. MR Perfusion Imaging for Kidney Disease. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2024; 32:161-170. [PMID: 38007278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Renal perfusion reflects overall function of a kidney. As an important indicator of kidney diseases, renal perfusion can be noninvasively measured by multiple methods of MR imaging, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion analysis, and arterial spin labeling method. In this article we introduce the principle of the methods, review their recent technical improvements, and then focus on summarizing recent applications of the methods in assessing various renal diseases. By this review, we demonstrate the capability and clinical potential of the imaging methods, with the hope of accelerating their adoption to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Wu
- Central Research Institute, UIH Group, Shanghai, China; School of Biomedical Engineering Building, Room 409, 393 Huaxia Middle Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jeff L Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Room 409, School of Biomedical Engineering Building, 393 Huaxia Middle Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Lee S, Meyer BP, Hernandez-Garcia L, Kurpad SN, Schmit BD, Budde MD. Comparison and optimization of pCASL and VSASL for rat thoracolumbar spinal cord MRI at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:2305-2317. [PMID: 36744728 PMCID: PMC10050093 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) and velocity-selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) for quantification of spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) in the rat thoracolumbar spinal cord. METHODS Labeling efficiency (LE) was compared between pCASL and three VSASL variants in simulations and both phantom and in vivo experiments at 9.4 T. For pCASL, the effects of label plane position and shimming were systematically evaluated. For VSASL, the effects of composite pulses and phase cycling were evaluated to reduce artifacts. Additionally, vessel suppression, respiratory, and cardiac gating were evaluated to reduce motion artifacts. pCASL and VSASL maps of spinal cord blood flow were acquired with the optimized protocols. RESULTS LE of the descending aorta was larger in pCASL compared to VSASL variants. In pCASL, LE off-isocenter was improved by local shimming positioned at the label plane and the anatomical level of labeling for the thoracic cord was only viable at the level of the T10 vertebra. Cardiac gating was essential to reduce motion artifacts. Both pCASL and VSASL successfully demonstrated comparable SCBF values in the thoracolumbar cord. CONCLUSION pCASL demonstrated high and consistent LE in the thoracic aorta, and VSASL was also feasible, but with reduced efficiency. A combination of cardiac gating and recording of actual post-label delays was important for accurate SCBF quantification. These results highlight the challenges and solutions to achieve sufficient ASL labeling and contrast at high field in organs prone to motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongtaek Lee
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Briana P Meyer
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Luis Hernandez-Garcia
- FMRI Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Shekar N Kurpad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Brian D Schmit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Matthew D Budde
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI
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Taso M, Aramendía-Vidaurreta V, Englund EK, Francis S, Franklin S, Madhuranthakam AJ, Martirosian P, Nayak KS, Qin Q, Shao X, Thomas DL, Zun Z, Fernández-Seara MA. Update on state-of-the-art for arterial spin labeling (ASL) human perfusion imaging outside of the brain. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1754-1776. [PMID: 36747380 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of developments for arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging in the body (i.e., outside of the brain). It is part of a series of review/recommendation papers from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group. In this review, we focus on specific challenges and developments tailored for ASL in a variety of body locations. After presenting common challenges, organ-specific reviews of challenges and developments are presented, including kidneys, lungs, heart (myocardium), placenta, eye (retina), liver, pancreas, and muscle, which are regions that have seen the most developments outside of the brain. Summaries and recommendations of acquisition parameters (when appropriate) are provided for each organ. We then explore the possibilities for wider adoption of body ASL based on large standardization efforts, as well as the potential opportunities based on recent advances in high/low-field systems and machine-learning. This review seeks to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art of ASL for applications in the body, highlighting ongoing challenges and solutions that aim to enable more widespread use of the technique in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Taso
- Division of MRI Research, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Erin K Englund
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Center, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Suzanne Franklin
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ananth J Madhuranthakam
- Department of Radiology, Advanced Imaging Research Center, and Biomedical Engineering, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Petros Martirosian
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Krishna S Nayak
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- Laboratory of FMRI Technology (LOFT), Mark & Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David L Thomas
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zungho Zun
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Qin Q, Alsop DC, Bolar DS, Hernandez‐Garcia L, Meakin J, Liu D, Nayak KS, Schmid S, van Osch MJP, Wong EC, Woods JG, Zaharchuk G, Zhao MY, Zun Z, Guo J. Velocity-selective arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI: A review of the state of the art and recommendations for clinical implementation. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1528-1547. [PMID: 35819184 PMCID: PMC9543181 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of the current status of velocity-selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) perfusion MRI and is part of a wider effort arising from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group. Since publication of the 2015 consensus paper on arterial spin labeling (ASL) for cerebral perfusion imaging, important advancements have been made in the field. The ASL community has, therefore, decided to provide an extended perspective on various aspects of technical development and application. Because VSASL has the potential to become a principal ASL method because of its unique advantages over traditional approaches, an in-depth discussion was warranted. VSASL labels blood based on its velocity and creates a magnetic bolus immediately proximal to the microvasculature within the imaging volume. VSASL is, therefore, insensitive to transit delay effects, in contrast to spatially selective pulsed and (pseudo-) continuous ASL approaches. Recent technical developments have improved the robustness and the labeling efficiency of VSASL, making it a potentially more favorable ASL approach in a wide range of applications where transit delay effects are of concern. In this review article, we (1) describe the concepts and theoretical basis of VSASL; (2) describe different variants of VSASL and their implementation; (3) provide recommended parameters and practices for clinical adoption; (4) describe challenges in developing and implementing VSASL; and (5) describe its current applications. As VSASL continues to undergo rapid development, the focus of this review is to summarize the fundamental concepts of VSASL, describe existing VSASL techniques and applications, and provide recommendations to help the clinical community adopt VSASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - David C. Alsop
- Department of RadiologyBeth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Divya S. Bolar
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of RadiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego La JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - James Meakin
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and AnatomyRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Dapeng Liu
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Krishna S. Nayak
- Magnetic Resonance Engineering Laboratory, Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophie Schmid
- C.J. Gorter Center for high field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthias J. P. van Osch
- C.J. Gorter Center for high field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Eric C. Wong
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of RadiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego La JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Joseph G. Woods
- Center for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Department of RadiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego La JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Moss Y. Zhao
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zungho Zun
- Department of RadiologyWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
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Nogueira L, Nunes RG. Editorial for "Feasibility of Velocity-Selective Arterial Spin Labelling in Breast Cancer Patients for Non-contrast Enhanced Perfusion Imaging". J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1292-1293. [PMID: 34272909 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Nogueira
- Department of Radiology, School of Health of Porto/Polytechnic Institute of Porto (ESS/IPP), Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Gouveia Nunes
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Bones IK, Franklin SL, Harteveld AA, van Osch MJP, Schmid S, Hendrikse J, Moonen C, van Stralen M, Bos C. Exploring label dynamics of velocity-selective arterial spin labeling in the kidney. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:131-142. [PMID: 33538350 PMCID: PMC8048977 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) has been proposed for renal perfusion imaging to mitigate planning challenges and effects of arterial transit time (ATT) uncertainties. In VSASL, label generation may shift in the vascular tree as a function of cutoff velocity. Here, we investigate label dynamics and especially the ATT of renal VSASL and compared it with a spatially selective pulsed arterial spin labeling technique, flow alternating inversion recovery (FAIR). Methods Arterial spin labeling data were acquired in 7 subjects, using free‐breathing dual VSASL and FAIR with five postlabeling delays: 400, 800, 1200, 2000, and 2600 ms. The VSASL measurements were acquired with cutoff velocities of 5, 10, and 15 cm/s, with anterior–posterior velocity‐encoding direction. Cortical perfusion‐weighted signal, temporal SNR, quantified renal blood flow, and arterial transit time were reported. Results In contrast to FAIR, renal VSASL already showed fairly high signal at the earliest postlabeling delays, for all cutoff velocities. The highest VSASL signal and temporal SNR was obtained with a cutoff velocity of 10 cm/s at postlabeling delay = 800 ms, which was earlier than for FAIR at 1200 ms. Fitted ATT on VSASL was ≤ 0 ms, indicating ATT insensitivity, which was shorter than for FAIR (189 ± 79 ms, P < .05). Finally, the average cortical renal blood flow measured with cutoff velocities of 5 cm/s (398 ± 84 mL/min/100 g) and 10 cm/s (472 ± 160 mL/min/100 g) were similar to renal blood flow measured with FAIR (441 ± 84 mL/min/100 g) (P > .05) with good correlations on subject level. Conclusion Velocity‐selective arterial spin labeling in the kidney reduces ATT sensitivity compared with the recommended pulsed arterial spin labeling method, as well as if cutoff velocity is increased to reduce spurious labeling due to motion. Thus, VSASL has potential as a method for time‐efficient, single‐time‐point, free‐breathing renal perfusion measurements, despite lower tSNR than FAIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell K Bones
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne L Franklin
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anita A Harteveld
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie Schmid
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Hendrikse
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chrit Moonen
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marijn van Stralen
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens Bos
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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