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Poli S, Emara AF, Lange NF, Ballabani E, Buser A, Schiavon M, Herzig D, Man CD, Bally L, Kreis R. Interleaved trinuclear MRS for single-session investigation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in human liver at 7T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024; 37:e5123. [PMID: 38423797 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role in metabolic homeostasis, as exemplified by a variety of clinical disorders with hepatic and systemic metabolic disarrays. Of particular interest are the complex interactions between lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in highly prevalent conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Limited accessibility and the need for invasive procedures challenge direct investigations in humans. Hence, noninvasive dynamic evaluations of glycolytic flux and steady-state assessments of lipid levels and composition are crucial for basic understanding and may open new avenues toward novel therapeutic targets. Here, three different MR spectroscopy (MRS) techniques that have been combined in a single interleaved examination in a 7T MR scanner are evaluated. 1H-MRS and 13C-MRS probe endogenous metabolites, while deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) relies on administration of deuterated tracers, currently 2H-labelled glucose, to map the spatial and temporal evolution of their metabolic fate. All three techniques have been optimized for a robust single-session clinical investigation and applied in a preliminary study of healthy subjects. The use of a triple-channel 1H/2H/13C RF coil enables interleaved examinations with no need for repositioning. Short-echo-time STEAM spectroscopy provides well resolved spectra to quantify lipid content and composition. The relative benefits of using water saturation versus metabolite cycling and types of respiratory synchronization were evaluated. 2H-MR spectroscopic imaging allowed for registration of time- and space-resolved glucose levels following oral ingestion of 2H-glucose, while natural abundance 13C-MRS of glycogen provides a dynamic measure of hepatic glucose storage. For DMI and 13C-MRS, the measurement precision of the method was estimated to be about 0.2 and about 16 mM, respectively, for 5 min scanning periods. Excellent results were shown for the determination of dynamic uptake of glucose with DMI and lipid profiles with 1H-MRS, while the determination of changes in glycogen levels by 13C-MRS is also feasible but somewhat more limited by signal-to-noise ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Poli
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ahmed F Emara
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism UDEM, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Naomi F Lange
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edona Ballabani
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism UDEM, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Angeline Buser
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism UDEM, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michele Schiavon
- Department of Information Engineering (DEI), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - David Herzig
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism UDEM, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Department of Information Engineering (DEI), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lia Bally
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism UDEM, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Roland Kreis
- MR Methodology, Department for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Translational Imaging Center (TIC), Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
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Pan F, Liu X, Wan J, Guo Y, Sun P, Zhang X, Wang J, Bao Q, Yang L. Advances and prospects in deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI): a systematic review of in vivo studies. Eur Radiol Exp 2024; 8:65. [PMID: 38825658 PMCID: PMC11144684 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-024-00464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) has emerged as a promising non-invasive technique for studying metabolism in vivo. This review aims to summarize the current developments and discuss the futures in DMI technique in vivo. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted based on the PRISMA 2020 statement by two authors. Specific technical details and potential applications of DMI in vivo were summarized, including strategies of deuterated metabolites detection, deuterium-labeled tracers and corresponding metabolic pathways in vivo, potential clinical applications, routes of tracer administration, quantitative evaluations of metabolisms, and spatial resolution. RESULTS Of the 2,248 articles initially retrieved, 34 were finally included, highlighting 2 strategies for detecting deuterated metabolites: direct and indirect DMI. Various deuterated tracers (e.g., [6,6'-2H2]glucose, [2,2,2'-2H3]acetate) were utilized in DMI to detect and quantify different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation. The quantifications (e.g., lactate level, lactate/glutamine and glutamate ratio) hold promise for diagnosing malignancies and assessing early anti-tumor treatment responses. Tracers can be administered orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally, either through bolus administration or continuous infusion. For metabolic quantification, both serial time point methods (including kinetic analysis and calculation of area under the curves) and single time point quantifications are viable. However, insufficient spatial resolution remains a major challenge in DMI (e.g., 3.3-mL spatial resolution with 10-min acquisition at 3 T). CONCLUSIONS Enhancing spatial resolution can facilitate the clinical translation of DMI. Furthermore, optimizing tracer synthesis, administration protocols, and quantification methodologies will further enhance their clinical applicability. RELEVANCE STATEMENT Deuterium metabolic imaging, a promising non-invasive technique, is systematically discussed in this review for its current progression, limitations, and future directions in studying in vivo energetic metabolism, displaying a relevant clinical potential. KEY POINTS • Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) shows promise for studying in vivo energetic metabolism. • This review explores DMI's current state, limits, and future research directions comprehensively. • The clinical translation of DMI is mainly impeded by limitations in spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xinjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiayu Wan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yusheng Guo
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Peng Sun
- MSC Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, 100600, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- MSC Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, 100600, China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- MSC Clinical & Technical Solutions, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, 100600, China
| | - Qingjia Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Lian Yang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Zhan H, Chen Y, Cui Y, Zeng Y, Feng X, Tan C, Huang C, Lin E, Huang Y, Chen Z. Pure-Shift-Based Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for High-Resolution Studies of Biological Samples. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4698. [PMID: 38731917 PMCID: PMC11083948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) presents a powerful tool for revealing molecular-level metabolite information, complementary to the anatomical insight delivered by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), thus playing a significant role in in vivo/in vitro biological studies. However, its further applications are generally confined by spectral congestion caused by numerous biological metabolites contained within the limited proton frequency range. Herein, we propose a pure-shift-based 1H localized MRS method as a proof of concept for high-resolution studies of biological samples. Benefitting from the spectral simplification from multiplets to singlet peaks, this method addresses the challenge of spectral congestion encountered in conventional MRS experiments and facilitates metabolite analysis from crowded NMR resonances. The performance of the proposed pure-shift 1H MRS method is demonstrated on different kinds of samples, including brain metabolite phantom and in vitro biological samples of intact pig brain tissue and grape tissue, using a 7.0 T animal MRI scanner. This proposed MRS method is readily implemented in common commercial NMR/MRI instruments because of its generally adopted pulse-sequence modules. Therefore, this study takes a meaningful step for MRS studies toward potential applications in metabolite analysis and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Zhan
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center of Semiconductor Inspection Technology and Instrument, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yulei Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yinping Cui
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yunsong Zeng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaozhen Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chunhua Tan
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chengda Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Enping Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Asano H, Elhelaly AE, Hyodo F, Iwasaki R, Noda Y, Kato H, Ichihashi K, Tomita H, Murata M, Mori T, Matsuo M. Deuterium Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Deuterated Water-Induced 2H-Tissue Labeling Allows Monitoring Cancer Treatment at Clinical Field Strength. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:5173-5182. [PMID: 37732903 PMCID: PMC10722130 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE An accurate and noninvasive assessment of tumor response following treatment other than traditional anatomical imaging techniques is essential. Deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) imaging has been demonstrated as an alternative for cancer metabolic imaging by high-field MRI using deuterium-labeled molecules. The study aim was to use 2H tissue labeling and deuterium MRI at clinical field strength for tumor visualization and assessment of three anticancer therapies in pancreatic cancer model mice. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic carcinoma and C26 colorectal carcinoma models of BALB/c-nu mice was prepared, and repeated deuterium MRI was performed during the first 10 days of free drinking of 30% D2O to track 2H distribution in tissues. 2H accumulation in the tumor after irradiation, bevacizumab administration, or gemcitabine administration was also measured in MIA PaCa-2-bearing mice. Confirmatory proton MRI, ex vivo metabolic hyperpolarization 13C-MRS, and histopathology were performed. RESULTS The mouse's whole-body distribution of 2H was visible 1 day after drinking, and the signal intensity increased daily. Although the tumor size did not change 1 and 3 days after irradiation, the amount of 2H decreased significantly. The 2H image intensity of the tumor also significantly decreased after the administration of bevacizumab or gemcitabine. Metabolic hyperpolarization 13C-MRS, proton MRI, and 2H-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the efficacy of the anticancer treatments. CONCLUSIONS Deuterium MRI at 1.5T proved feasible to track 2H distribution throughout mouse tissues during D2O administration and revealed a higher 2H accumulation in the tumor xenografts. This research demonstrated a promising successful method for preliminary assessment of radiotherapy and chemotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Asano
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Radiological Technology, Central Japan International Medical Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Abdelazim Elsayed Elhelaly
- Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Fuminori Hyodo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryota Iwasaki
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koki Ichihashi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masaharu Murata
- Center for Advanced Medical Open Innovation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Zhang G, Cullen Q, Berishaj M, Deh K, Kim N, Keshari KR. [6,6'- 2 H 2 ] fructose as a deuterium metabolic imaging probe in liver cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4989. [PMID: 37336778 PMCID: PMC10585608 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Imaging plays a crucial role in the early detection of HCC, although current methods are limited in their ability to characterize liver lesions. Most recently, deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) has been demonstrated as a powerful technique for the imaging of metabolism in vivo. Here, we assess the metabolic flux of [6,6'-2 H2 ] fructose in cell cultures and in subcutaneous mouse models at 9.4 T. We compare these rates with the most widely used DMI probe, [6,6'-2 H2 ] glucose, exploring the possibility of developing 2 H fructose to overcome the limitations of glucose as a novel DMI probe for detecting liver tumors. Comparison of the in vitro metabolic rates implies their similar glycolytic metabolism in the TCA cycle due to comparable production rates of 2 H glutamate/glutamine (glx) for the two precursors, but overall higher glycolytic metabolism from 2 H glucose because of a higher production rate of 2 H lactate. In vivo kinetic studies suggest that HDO can serve as a robust reporter for the consumption of the precursors in liver tumors. As fructose is predominantly metabolized in the liver, deuterated water (HDO) produced from 2 H fructose is probably less contaminated from whole-body metabolism in comparison with glucose. Moreover, in studies of the normal liver, 2 H fructose is readily converted to 2 H glx, enabling the characterization of 2 H fructose kinetics. This overcomes a major limitation of previous 2 H glucose studies in the liver, which were unable to confidently discern metabolic flux due to overlapped signals of 2 H glucose and its metabolic product, 2 H glycogen. This suggests a unique role for 2 H fructose metabolism in HCC and the normal liver, making it a useful approach for assessing liver-related diseases and the progression to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Marjan Berishaj
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kofi Deh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathaniel Kim
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York, New York, USA
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6
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Hendriks AD, Veltien A, Voogt IJ, Heerschap A, Scheenen TWJ, Prompers JJ. Glucose versus fructose metabolism in the liver measured with deuterium metabolic imaging. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1198578. [PMID: 37465695 PMCID: PMC10351417 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1198578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic intake of high amounts of fructose has been linked to the development of metabolic disorders, which has been attributed to the almost complete clearance of fructose by the liver. However, direct measurement of hepatic fructose uptake is complicated by the fact that the portal vein is difficult to access. Here we present a new, non-invasive method to measure hepatic fructose uptake and metabolism with the use of deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) upon administration of [6,6'-2H2]fructose. Using both [6,6'-2H2]glucose and [6,6'-2H2]fructose, we determined differences in the uptake and metabolism of glucose and fructose in the mouse liver with dynamic DMI. The deuterated compounds were administered either by fast intravenous (IV) bolus injection or by slow IV infusion. Directly after IV bolus injection of [6,6'-2H2]fructose, a more than two-fold higher initial uptake and subsequent 2.5-fold faster decay of fructose was observed in the mouse liver as compared to that of glucose after bolus injection of [6,6'-2H2]glucose. In contrast, after slow IV infusion of fructose, the 2H fructose/glucose signal maximum in liver spectra was lower compared to the 2H glucose signal maximum after slow infusion of glucose. With both bolus injection and slow infusion protocols, deuterium labeling of water was faster with fructose than with glucose. These observations are in line with a higher extraction and faster turnover of fructose in the liver, as compared with glucose. DMI with [6,6'-2H2]glucose and [6,6'-2H2]fructose could potentially contribute to a better understanding of healthy human liver metabolism and aberrations in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjan D. Hendriks
- Center of Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Andor Veltien
- Department of Medical Imaging (Radiology), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Medical Imaging (Radiology), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom W. J. Scheenen
- Department of Medical Imaging (Radiology), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J. Prompers
- Center of Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Chen S, Jiang M, Yuan Y, Wang B, Li Y, Zhang L, Jiang ZX, Ye C, Zhou X. Using endogenous glycogen as relaxation agent for imaging liver metabolism by MRI. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 3:481-487. [PMID: 38933551 PMCID: PMC11197538 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen plays essential roles in glucose metabolism. Imaging glycogen in the liver, the major glycogen reservoir in the body, may shed new light on many metabolic disorders. 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has become the mainstream method for monitoring glycogen in the body. However, the equipment of special hardware to standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners limits its clinical applications. Herein, we utilized endogenous glycogen as a T 2-based relaxation contrast agent for imaging glycogen metabolism in the liver in vivo. The in vitro results demonstrated that the transverse relaxation rate of glycogen strongly correlates with the concentration, pH, and field strength. Based on the Swift-Connick theory, we characterized the exchange property of glycogen and measured the exchange rate of glycogen as 31,847 Hz at 37 °C. Besides, the viscosity and echo spacing showed no apparent effect on the transverse relaxation rate. This unique feature enables visualization of glycogen signaling in vivo through T 2-weighted MRI. Two hours-post intraperitoneal injection of glucagon, a clinical drug to promote glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, the signal intensity of the mice's liver increased by 1.8 times from the T 2-weighted imaging experiment due to the decomposition of glycogen. This study provides a convenient imaging strategy to non-invasively investigate glycogen metabolism in the liver, which may find clinical applications in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mou Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baolong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaohui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Zou C, Ruan Y, Li H, Wan Q, Du F, Yuan J, Qin Q, Thompson GJ, Yang X, Li Y, Liu X, Zheng H. A new deuterium-labeled compound [2,3,4,6,6'- 2 H 5 ]-D-glucose for deuterium magnetic resonance metabolic imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4890. [PMID: 36477944 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium (2 H) magnetic resonance imaging is an emerging approach for noninvasively studying glucose metabolism in vivo, which is important for understanding pathogenesis and monitoring the progression of many diseases such as tumors, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, the synthesis of 2 H-labeled glucose is costly because of the expensive raw substrates and the requirement for extreme reaction conditions, making the 2 H-labeled glucose rather expensive and unaffordable for clinic use. In this study, we present a new deuterated compound, [2,3,4,6,6'-2 H5 ]-D-glucose, with an approximate 10-fold reduction in production costs. The synthesis route uses cheaper raw substrate methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, relies on mild reaction conditions (80°C), and has higher deuterium labeling efficiency. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and mass spectroscopy experiments confirmed the successful deuterium labeling in the compound. Animal studies demonstrated that the substrate could describe the glycolytic metabolism in a glioma rat model by quantifying the downstream metabolites through 2 H-MRS on an ultrahigh field system. Comparison of the glucose metabolism characteristics was carried out between [2,3,4,6,6'-2 H5 ]-D-glucose and commercial [6,6'-2 H2 ]-D-glucose in the animal studies. This cost-effective compound will help facilitate the clinical translation of deuterium magnetic resonance imaging, and enable this powerful metabolic imaging modality to be widely used in both preclinical and clinical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingheng Ruan
- Shenzhen Dingbang Bioscience Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanxi Li
- Shenzhen Dingbang Bioscience Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Du
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiawen Yuan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qikai Qin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiaojun Yang
- Shenzhen Dingbang Bioscience Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Li
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Nam KM, Gursan A, Bhogal AA, Wijnen JP, Klomp DWJ, Prompers JJ, Hendriks AD. Deuterium echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) in the human liver in vivo at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 2023. [PMID: 37154391 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility of deuterium echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) to accelerate 3D deuterium metabolic imaging in the human liver at 7 T. METHODS A deuterium EPSI sequence, featuring a Hamming-weighted k-space acquisition pattern for the phase-encoding directions, was implemented. Three-dimensional deuterium EPSI and conventional MRSI were performed on a water/acetone phantom and in vivo in the human liver at natural abundance. Moreover, in vivo deuterium EPSI measurements were acquired after oral administration of deuterated glucose. The effect of acquisition time on SNR was evaluated by retrospectively reducing the number of averages. RESULTS The SNR of natural abundance deuterated water signal in deuterium EPSI was 6.5% and 5.9% lower than that of MRSI in the phantom and in vivo experiments, respectively. In return, the acquisition time of in vivo EPSI data could be reduced retrospectively to 2 min, beyond the minimal acquisition time of conventional MRSI (of 20 min in this case), while still leaving sufficient SNR. Three-dimensional deuterium EPSI, after administration of deuterated glucose, enabled monitoring of hepatic glucose dynamics with full liver coverage, a spatial resolution of 20 mm isotropic, and a temporal resolution of 9 min 50 s, which could retrospectively be shortened to 2 min. CONCLUSION In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of accelerated 3D deuterium metabolic imaging of the human liver using deuterium EPSI. The acceleration obtained with EPSI can be used to increase temporal and/or spatial resolution, which will be valuable to study tissue metabolism of deuterated compounds over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Nam
- Center for Image Sciences, Department of High Field MR Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ayhan Gursan
- Center for Image Sciences, Department of High Field MR Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alex A Bhogal
- Center for Image Sciences, Department of High Field MR Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Center for Image Sciences, Department of High Field MR Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Center for Image Sciences, Department of High Field MR Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Center for Image Sciences, Department of High Field MR Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan D Hendriks
- Center for Image Sciences, Department of High Field MR Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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10
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Veeraiah P, Jansen JFA. Multinuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at Ultra-High-Field: Assessing Human Cerebral Metabolism in Healthy and Diseased States. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040577. [PMID: 37110235 PMCID: PMC10143499 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain is a highly energetic organ. Although the brain can consume metabolic substrates, such as lactate, glycogen, and ketone bodies, the energy metabolism in a healthy adult brain mainly relies on glucose provided via blood. The cerebral metabolism of glucose produces energy and a wide variety of intermediate metabolites. Since cerebral metabolic alterations have been repeatedly implicated in several brain disorders, understanding changes in metabolite levels and corresponding cell-specific neurotransmitter fluxes through different substrate utilization may highlight the underlying mechanisms that can be exploited to diagnose or treat various brain disorders. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive tool to measure tissue metabolism in vivo. 1H-MRS is widely applied in research at clinical field strengths (≤3T) to measure mostly high abundant metabolites. In addition, X-nuclei MRS including, 13C, 2H, 17O, and 31P, are also very promising. Exploiting the higher sensitivity at ultra-high-field (>4T; UHF) strengths enables obtaining unique insights into different aspects of the substrate metabolism towards measuring cell-specific metabolic fluxes in vivo. This review provides an overview about the potential role of multinuclear MRS (1H, 13C, 2H, 17O, and 31P) at UHF to assess the cerebral metabolism and the metabolic insights obtained by applying these techniques in both healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandichelvam Veeraiah
- Scannexus (Ultra-High-Field MRI Center), 6229 EV Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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11
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Gursan A, Hendriks AD, Welting D, de Jong PA, Klomp DWJ, Prompers JJ. Deuterium body array for the simultaneous measurement of hepatic and renal glucose metabolism and gastric emptying with dynamic 3D deuterium metabolic imaging at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023:e4926. [PMID: 36929629 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a novel noninvasive method to assess tissue metabolism and organ (patho)physiology in vivo using deuterated substrates, such as [6,6'-2 H2 ]-glucose. The liver and kidneys play a central role in whole-body glucose homeostasis, and in type 2 diabetes, both hepatic and renal glucose metabolism are dysregulated. Diabetes is also associated with gastric emptying abnormalities. In this study, we developed a four-channel 2 H transmit/receive body array coil for DMI in the human abdomen at 7 T and assessed its performance. In addition, the feasibility of simultaneously measuring gastric emptying, and hepatic and renal glucose uptake and metabolism with dynamic 3D DMI upon administration of deuterated glucose, was investigated. Simulated and measured B1 + patterns were in good agreement. The intrasession variability of the natural abundance deuterated water signal in the liver and right kidney, measured in nine healthy volunteers, was 5.6% ± 0.9% and 4.9% ± 0.7%, respectively. Dynamic 3D DMI scans with oral administration of [6,6'-2 H2 ]-glucose showed similar kinetics of deuterated glucose appearance and disappearance in the liver and kidney. The measured gastric emptying half time was 80 ± 10 min, which is in good agreement with scintigraphy measurements. In conclusion, DMI with oral administration of [6,6'-2 H2 ]-glucose enables simultaneous assessment of gastric emptying and liver and kidney glucose uptake and metabolism. When applied in patients with diabetes, this approach may advance our understanding of the interplay between disturbances in liver and kidney glucose uptake and metabolism and gastric emptying, at a detail that cannot be achieved by any other method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Gursan
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D Hendriks
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri Welting
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pim A de Jong
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Center for Image Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Gyrdymova YV, Samoylenko DE, Rodygin KS. [ 13 C+D] Double Labeling with Calcium Carbide: Incorporation of Two Labels in One Step. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201063. [PMID: 36530060 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
D-labeling is a valuable tool in advanced synthetic chemistry and pharmacy. However, D-incorporation significantly complicates the identification of products. In fact, D labels are invisible in 1 H-NMR spectra and cause undesirable splitting in 13 C-NMR spectra which decreases the detectable limits. At the same time, 2 H-NMR spectra are not effective for precise identification due to low sensitivity and the absence of correlations with 1 H atoms. Here, 13 C-label was considered as an accompanying label for D-label in [13 C+D] unit for identification of D-containing sites and to track D-labels. [13 C+D]-doubly labeled vinyl derivatives and triazoles were synthesized using 13 C-labeled calcium carbide as a source of 13 C-label and deuterium oxide as a source of D-label. The reaction occurred in one-step manner accompanied with in situ doubly labeled acetylene formation. Non-labeled, mono-labeled and doubly labeled substrates were isolated in 25-80% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Gyrdymova
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Saint Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Dmitriy E Samoylenko
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Saint Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Rodygin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Saint Petersburg, 198504, Russia
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13
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Methods to Study Hepatic Glucose Metabolism and Their Applications in the Healthy and Diabetic Liver. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121223. [PMID: 36557261 PMCID: PMC9788351 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays an important role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by taking up glucose from and releasing glucose into the blood circulation. In the postprandial state, excess glucose in the blood circulation is stored in hepatocytes as glycogen. In the postabsorptive state, the liver produces glucose by breaking down glycogen and from noncarbohydrate precursors such as lactate. In metabolic diseases such as diabetes, these processes are dysregulated, resulting in abnormal blood glucose levels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are noninvasive techniques that give unique insight into different aspects of glucose metabolism, such as glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis, in the liver in vivo. Using these techniques, liver glucose metabolism has been studied in regard to a variety of interventions, such as fasting, meal intake, and exercise. Moreover, deviations from normal hepatic glucose metabolism have been investigated in both patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, as well as the effects of antidiabetic medications. This review provides an overview of current MR techniques to measure hepatic glucose metabolism and the insights obtained by the application of these techniques in the healthy and diabetic liver.
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14
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Lin P, W-M Fan T, Lane AN. NMR-based isotope editing, chemoselection and isotopomer distribution analysis in stable isotope resolved metabolomics. Methods 2022; 206:8-17. [PMID: 35908585 PMCID: PMC9539636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2022.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
NMR is a very powerful tool for identifying and quantifying compounds within complex mixtures without the need for individual standards or chromatographic separation. Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (or SIRM) is an approach to following the fate of individual atoms from precursors through metabolic transformation, producing an atom-resolved metabolic fate map. However, extracts of cells or tissue give rise to very complex NMR spectra. While multidimensional NMR experiments may partially overcome the spectral overlap problem, additional tools may be needed to determine site-specific isotopomer distributions. NMR is especially powerful by virtue of its isotope editing capabilities using NMR active nuclei such as 13C, 15N, 19F and 31P to select molecules containing just these atoms in a complex mixture, and provide direct information about which atoms are present in identified compounds and their relative abundances. The isotope-editing capability of NMR can also be employed to select for those compounds that have been selectively derivatized with an NMR-active stable isotope at particular functional groups, leading to considerable spectral simplification. Here we review isotope analysis by NMR, and methods of chemoselection both for spectral simplification, and for enhanced isotopomer analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Lin
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Andrew N Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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15
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Zhang Y, Gao Y, Fang K, Ye J, Ruan Y, Yang X, Zhang Y, Thompson G, Chen G, Zhang X. Proton/Deuterium Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Rodents at 9.4T Using Birdcage Coils. Bioelectromagnetics 2021; 43:40-46. [PMID: 34888902 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to fabricate a volume coil for proton/deuterium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rodents at 9.4 T. Two birdcage radiofrequency (RF) coils have been designed for proton/deuterium MRI: the rungs of two concentric birdcages were azimuthally interleaved with each other for better decoupling, and the two coils were tuned to 400.3 and 61.4 MHz for 1 H/2 H resonance at 9.4 T. Compared to a commercially available coil, the proposed 1 H/2 H RF coil provides reasonable transmission efficiency and imaging signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); the relationships among imaging parameters such as SNR, voxel size, and deuterium oxide concentrations have been quantitatively studied, and the linear correlation results together with the spectroscopic data in vivo indicate its feasibility in deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) in vivo. Our study indicates that using the birdcage design for MRI signal excitation combined with surface coil array for signal reception can facilitate DMI investigations more effectively towards future pre-clinical and clinical applications. As a noninvasive method by measuring nonhydrogen nuclear deuterium signals to reflect metabolite information, DMI will feature prominently in future precision medicine through the whole process of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Ye
- The iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingheng Ruan
- Shenzhen DingBang Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Shenzhen DingBang Bioscience Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Garth Thompson
- The iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,The Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Ruhm L, Avdievich N, Ziegs T, Nagel AM, De Feyter HM, de Graaf RA, Henning A. Deuterium metabolic imaging in the human brain at 9.4 Tesla with high spatial and temporal resolution. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118639. [PMID: 34637905 PMCID: PMC8591372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present first highly spatially resolved deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) measurements of the human brain acquired with a dedicated coil design and a fast chemical shift imaging (CSI) sequence at an ultrahigh field strength of B0 = 9.4 T. 2H metabolic measurements with a temporal resolution of 10 min enabled the investigation of the glucose metabolism in healthy human subjects. METHODS The study was performed with a double-tuned coil with 10 TxRx channels for 1H and 8TxRx/2Rx channels for 2H and an Ernst angle 3D CSI sequence with a nominal spatial resolution of 2.97 ml and a temporal resolution of 10 min. RESULTS The metabolism of [6,6'-2H2]-labeled glucose due to the TCA cycle could be made visible in high resolution metabolite images of deuterated water, glucose and Glx over the entire human brain. CONCLUSION X-nuclei MRSI as DMI can highly benefit from ultrahigh field strength enabling higher temporal and spatial resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreen Ruhm
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nikolai Avdievich
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theresia Ziegs
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; IMPRS for Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany; Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henk M De Feyter
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anke Henning
- High-Field MR Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas/Texas, United States
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17
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Platt T, Ladd ME, Paech D. 7 Tesla and Beyond: Advanced Methods and Clinical Applications in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:705-725. [PMID: 34510098 PMCID: PMC8505159 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ultrahigh magnetic fields offer significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio, and several magnetic resonance applications additionally benefit from a higher contrast-to-noise ratio, with static magnetic field strengths of B0 ≥ 7 T currently being referred to as ultrahigh fields (UHFs). The advantages of UHF can be used to resolve structures more precisely or to visualize physiological/pathophysiological effects that would be difficult or even impossible to detect at lower field strengths. However, with these advantages also come challenges, such as inhomogeneities applying standard radiofrequency excitation techniques, higher energy deposition in the human body, and enhanced B0 field inhomogeneities. The advantages but also the challenges of UHF as well as promising advanced methodological developments and clinical applications that particularly benefit from UHF are discussed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Platt
- From the Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- From the Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for MRI, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen
| | - Daniel Paech
- Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg
- Clinic for Neuroradiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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18
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Non-Invasive Analysis of Human Liver Metabolism by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110751. [PMID: 34822409 PMCID: PMC8623827 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a key node of whole-body nutrient and fuel metabolism and is also the principal site for detoxification of xenobiotic compounds. As such, hepatic metabolite concentrations and/or turnover rates inform on the status of both hepatic and systemic metabolic diseases as well as the disposition of medications. As a tool to better understand liver metabolism in these settings, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a non-invasive means of monitoring hepatic metabolic activity in real time both by direct observation of concentrations and dynamics of specific metabolites as well as by observation of their enrichment by stable isotope tracers. This review summarizes the applications and advances in human liver metabolic studies by in vivo MRS over the past 35 years and discusses future directions and opportunities that will be opened by the development of ultra-high field MR systems and by hyperpolarized stable isotope tracers.
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19
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Gursan A, Froeling M, Hendriks AD, Welting D, Kentgens APM, Klomp DWJ, Prompers JJ. Residual quadrupolar couplings observed in 7 Tesla deuterium MR spectra of skeletal muscle. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1165-1173. [PMID: 34657308 PMCID: PMC9297863 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Deuterium metabolic imaging could potentially be used to investigate metabolism in skeletal muscle noninvasively. However, skeletal muscle is a tissue with a high degree of spatial organization. In this study, we investigated the effect of incomplete motional averaging on the naturally abundant deuterated water signal in 7 Tesla deuterium spectra of the lower leg muscles and the dependence on the angle between the muscle fibers and the main magnetic field B0, as determined by DTI. Methods Natural abundance deuterium MRSI measurements of the right lower leg muscles were performed at 7 Tesla. Three subjects were scanned in a supine position, with the right leg parallel with the B0 field. One subject was scanned twice; during the second scan, the subject was laying on his right side and the right knee was bent such that the angle between the right lower leg and B0 was approximately 45°. DTI was performed in the same subjects in the same positions at 3 Tesla to determine muscle fiber angles. Results We observed splittings in the natural abundance deuterated water signal. The size of the splittings varied between different muscles in the lower leg but were mostly similar among subjects for each muscle. The splittings depended on the orientation of the muscle fibers with respect to the main magnetic field B0. Conclusion Partial molecular alignment in skeletal muscle leads to residual deuteron quadrupolar couplings in deuterated water, the size of which depends on the angle between the muscle fibers and B0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Gursan
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Froeling
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan D Hendriks
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri Welting
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arno P M Kentgens
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanine J Prompers
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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20
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Zhang G, Keshari KR. Deuterium Metabolic Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4603. [PMID: 34369021 PMCID: PMC9527824 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhang
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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21
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Markovic S, Roussel T, Agemy L, Sasson K, Preise D, Scherz A, Frydman L. Deuterium MRSI characterizations of glucose metabolism in orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse models. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4569. [PMID: 34137085 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detecting and mapping metabolism in tissues represents a major step in detecting, characterizing, treating and understanding cancers. Recently introduced deuterium metabolic imaging techniques could offer a noninvasive route for the metabolic imaging of animals and humans, based on using 2 H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to detect the uptake of deuterated glucose and the fate of its metabolic products. In this study, 2 H6,6' -glucose was administered to mice cohorts that had been orthotopically implanted with two different models of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), involving PAN-02 and KPC cell lines. As the tumors grew, 2 H6,6' -glucose was administered as bolii into the animals' tail veins, and 2 H MRSI images were recorded at 15.2 T. 2D phase-encoded chemical shift imaging experiments could detect a signal from this deuterated glucose immediately after the bolus injection for both the PDAC models, reaching a maximum in the animals' tumors ~ 20 min following administration, and nearly total decay after ~ 40 min. The main metabolic reporter of the cancers was the 2 H3,3' -lactate signal, which MRSI could detect and localize on the tumors when these were 5 mm or more in diameter. Lactate production time traces varied slightly with the animal and tumor model, but in general lactate peaked at times of 60 min or longer following injection, reaching concentrations that were ~ 10-fold lower than those of the initial glucose injection. This 2 H3,3' -lactate signal was only visible inside the tumors. 2 H-water could also be detected as deuterated glucose's metabolic product, increasing throughout the entire time course of the experiment from its ≈10 mM natural abundance background. This water resonance could be imaged throughout the entire abdomen of the animals, including an enhanced presence in the tumor, but also in other organs like the kidney and bladder. These results suggest that deuterium MRSI may serve as a robust, minimally invasive tool for the monitoring of metabolic activity in pancreatic tumors, capable of undergoing clinical translation and supporting decisions concerning treatment strategies. Comparisons with in vivo metabolic MRI experiments that have been carried out in other animal models are presented and their differences/similarities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Markovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tangi Roussel
- Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine, Marseille, France
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dina Preise
- Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Polvoy I, Qin H, Flavell RR, Gordon J, Viswanath P, Sriram R, Ohliger MA, Wilson DM. Deuterium Metabolic Imaging-Rediscovery of a Spectroscopic Tool. Metabolites 2021; 11:570. [PMID: 34564385 PMCID: PMC8470013 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for metabolism-specific imaging techniques has rekindled interest in Deuterium (2H) Metabolic Imaging (DMI), a robust method based on administration of a substrate (glucose, acetate, fumarate, etc.) labeled with the stable isotope of hydrogen and the observation of its metabolic fate in three-dimensions. This technique allows the investigation of multiple metabolic processes in both healthy and diseased states. Despite its low natural abundance, the short relaxation time of deuterium allows for rapid radiofrequency (RF) pulses without saturation and efficient image acquisition. In this review, we provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of DMI over the course of recent decades, with a special focus on its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Polvoy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Markovic S, Roussel T, Neeman M, Frydman L. Deuterium Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Discrimination of Fetoplacental Metabolism in Normal and L-NAME-Induced Preeclamptic Mice. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060376. [PMID: 34200839 PMCID: PMC8230481 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent magnetic resonance studies in healthy and cancerous organs have concluded that deuterated metabolites possess highly desirable properties for mapping non-invasively and, as they happen, characterizing glycolysis and other biochemical processes in animals and humans. A promising avenue of this deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) approach involves looking at the fate of externally administered 2H6,6′-glucose, as it is taken up and metabolized into different products as a function of time. This study employs deuterium magnetic resonance to follow the metabolism of wildtype and preeclamptic pregnant mice models, focusing on maternal and fetoplacental organs over ≈2 h post-injection. 2H6,6′-glucose uptake was observed in the placenta and in specific downstream organs such as the fetal heart and liver. Main metabolic products included 2H3,3′-lactate and 2H-water, which were produced in individual fetoplacental organs with distinct time traces. Glucose uptake in the organs of most preeclamptic animals appeared more elevated than in the control mice (p = 0.02); also higher was the production of 2H-water arising from this glucose. However, the most notable differences arose in the 2H3,3′-lactate concentration, which was ca. two-fold more abundant in the placenta (p = 0.005) and in the fetal (p = 0.01) organs of preeclamptic-like animals, than in control mice. This is consistent with literature reports about hypoxic conditions arising in preeclamptic and growth-restricted pregnancies, which could lead to an enhancement in anaerobic glycolysis. Overall, the present measurements suggest that DMI, a minimally invasive approach, may offer new ways of studying and characterizing health and disease in mammalian pregnancies, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Markovic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Tangi Roussel
- Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8934-4093
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