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Klimas R, Sgodzai M, Motte J, Mohamad N, Renk P, Blusch A, Grüter T, Pedreiturria X, Gobrecht P, Fischer D, Schneider-Gold C, Reinacher-Schick A, Tannapfel A, Yoon MS, Gold R, Pitarokoili K. Dose-dependent immunomodulatory effects of bortezomib in experimental autoimmune neuritis. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab238. [PMID: 34708206 PMCID: PMC8545613 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition with bortezomib has been reported to exert an immunomodulatory action in chronic autoimmune neuropathies. However, bortezomib used for the treatment of multiple myeloma induces a painful toxic polyneuropathy at a higher concentration. Therefore, we addressed this controversial effect and evaluated the neurotoxic and immunomodulatory mode of action of bortezomib in experimental autoimmune neuritis. Bortezomib-induced neuropathy was investigated in Lewis rats using the von Frey hair test, electrophysiological, qPCR and histological analyses of the sciatic nerve as well as dorsal root ganglia outgrowth studies. The immunomodulatory potential of bortezomib was characterized in Lewis rats after experimental autoimmune neuritis induction with P253-78 peptide. Clinical, electrophysiological, histological evaluation, von Frey hair test, flow cytometric and mRNA analyses were used to unravel the underlying mechanisms. We defined the toxic concentration of 0.2 mg/kg bortezomib applied intraperitoneally at Days 0, 4, 8 and 12. This dosage induces a painful toxic neuropathy but preserves axonal regeneration in vitro. Bortezomib at a concentration of 0.05 mg/kg significantly ameliorated experimental autoimmune neuritis symptoms, improved experimental autoimmune neuritis-induced hyperalgesia and nerve conduction studies, and reduced immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, proteasome inhibition induced a transcriptional downregulation of Nfkb in the sciatic nerve, while its inhibitor Ikba (also known as Nfkbia) was upregulated. Histological analyses of bone marrow tissue revealed a compensatory increase of CD138+ plasma cells. Our data suggest that low dose bortezomib (0.05 mg/kg intraperitoneally) has an immunomodulatory effect in the context of experimental autoimmune neuritis through proteasome inhibition and downregulation of nuclear factor 'kappa-light-chain-enhancer' of activated B-cells (NFKB). Higher bortezomib concentrations (0.2 mg/kg intraperitoneally) induce sensory neuropathy; however, the regeneration potential remains unaffected. Our data empathizes that bortezomib may serve as an attractive treatment option for inflammatory neuropathies in lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Klimas
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Melissa Sgodzai
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nuwin Mohamad
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Pia Renk
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Alina Blusch
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiomara Pedreiturria
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Philipp Gobrecht
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dietmar Fischer
- Department of Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Anke Reinacher-Schick
- Department of Oncology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andrea Tannapfel
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Min-Suk Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Hattingen, 45525 Hattingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Kalliopi Pitarokoili
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, Germany
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Kohle F, Sprenger A, Klein I, Fink GR, Lehmann HC. Nerve conductions studies in experimental models of autoimmune neuritis: A meta-analysis and guideline. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 352:577470. [PMID: 33508768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nerve conduction studies (NCS) are essential to assess peripheral nerve fiber function in research models of immune-mediated neuritis. However, the current lack of standard protocols and reference values impedes data comparability across models and studies. We performed a systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis of the last 30 years of NCS of immune-mediated neuritis in Lewis-rats. Twenty-six papers met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Extracted data showed considerable heterogeneity of recorded nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and compound muscle action potential (CMAP). Studies also significantly differed in terms of technical, methodical, and data reporting issues. The heterogeneity of the underlying studies emphasizes the need for standardization when conducting and reporting NCS in rats. We provide normative values for NCS of the sciatic nerve of Lewis rats and propose seven items that should be addressed when NCS are performed when studying immune paradigms in Lewis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kohle
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Alina Sprenger
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ines Klein
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cognitive Neuroscience, Research Center Juelich, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Juelich, Germany
| | - Helmar C Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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Grüter T, Blusch A, Motte J, Sgodzai M, Bachir H, Klimas R, Ambrosius B, Gold R, Ellrichmann G, Pitarokoili K. Immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative effect of the direct TRPV1 receptor agonist capsaicin on Schwann cells. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:145. [PMID: 32375895 PMCID: PMC7201667 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only few studies describe the impact of nutritive factors on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), an inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system. The active component of chili pepper, capsaicin, is the direct agonist of the transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily member 1. Its anti-inflammatory effect in the animal model experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) has been previously demonstrated. Methods In the present study, we describe the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative influence of capsaicin on Schwann cells (SCs) in an in vitro setting. Hereby, we analyze the effect of capsaicin on Schwann cells’ gene expression pattern, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) presentation, and H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, the effect of capsaicin on myelination was examined in a SC-dorsal root ganglia (DRG) coculture by myelin basic protein staining. Finally, in order to investigate the isolated effect of capsaicin on SCs in EAN pathology, we transplant naïve and capsaicin pre-treated SCs intrathecally in EAN immunized rats and analyzed clinical presentation, electrophysiological parameters, and cytokine expression in the sciatic nerve. Results In SC monoculture, incubation with capsaicin significantly reduces interferon gamma-induced MHC-II production as well as toll-like receptor 4 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 mRNA expression. Calcitonin gene-related peptide mRNA production is significantly upregulated after capsaicin treatment. Capsaicin reduces H2O2-induced oxidative stress in SC in a preventive, but not therapeutic setting. In a SC-DRG coculture, capsaicin does not affect myelination rate. After intrathecal transplantation of naïve and capsaicin pre-treated SCs in EAN-immunized rats, naïve, but not capsaicin pre-treated intrathecal SCs, ameliorated EAN pathology in rats. Conclusions In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate a direct immunomodulatory and anti-oxidative effect of capsaicin in a SC culture by reduced antigen presentation and expression of an anti-inflammatory profile. Furthermore, capsaicin increases the resistance of SCs against oxidative stress. A primary effect of capsaicin on myelination was not proven. These results are in concordance with previous data showing an anti-inflammatory effect of capsaicin, which might be highly relevant for CIDP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Alina Blusch
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melissa Sgodzai
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hussein Bachir
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rafael Klimas
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Ambrosius
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gisa Ellrichmann
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kalliopi Pitarokoili
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrundstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
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Pitarokoili K, Bachir H, Sgodzai M, Grüter T, Haupeltshofer S, Duscha A, Pedreiturria X, Motte J, Gold R. Induction of Regulatory Properties in the Intestinal Immune System by Dimethyl Fumarate in Lewis Rat Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2132. [PMID: 31552056 PMCID: PMC6746892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) exerts immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects in the animal model of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in the Lewis rat. DMF has been shown to modulate gut microbiota in veterinary medicine, however the effects of oral DMF on the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) remain unknown. Methods: Lewis rats were treated orally twice daily with DMF up to day 10 after immunization with immunogenic P2 peptide. Histological, flow cytometric and RT-PCR analyses of the GALT (intraepithelial layer, lamina propria, and Peyer patches) in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were performed ex vivo. Moreover, cell transfer experiments were used to examine the protective effects of GALT regulatory T cells of the Peyer patches. Results: In the upper layers of duodenum, DMF induced a reduction of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA expression. This was combined by a decrease of the pro-inflammatory lamina propria IFN-γ mRNA expression. In the ileum, we detected an immunoregulatory phenotype characterized by an increase of FoxP3 mRNA expression and of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)- like 2 (Nrf2) downstream molecule heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA. Finally, CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells were increased in the Peyer patches. In vivo, the protective effect of these regulatory cells was verified by cell transfer into recipient EAN rats. Conclusions: Our results identified a novel immunomodulatory effect of DMF through the different regions and layers of the small intestine, which led to an increase of regulatory T cells, exerting a protective role in experimental neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pitarokoili
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hussein Bachir
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melissa Sgodzai
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Steffen Haupeltshofer
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Duscha
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiomara Pedreiturria
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Pitarokoili K, Sgodzai M, Grüter T, Bachir H, Motte J, Ambrosius B, Pedreiturria X, Yoon MS, Gold R. Intrathecal triamcinolone acetonide exerts anti-inflammatory effects on Lewis rat experimental autoimmune neuritis and direct anti-oxidative effects on Schwann cells. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:58. [PMID: 30851725 PMCID: PMC6408772 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Corticosteroids dominate in the treatment of chronic autoimmune neuropathies although long-term use is characterized by devastating side effects. Methods We introduce the intrathecal application of the synthetic steroid triamcinolone (TRIAM) as a novel therapeutic option in experimental autoimmune neuritis in Lewis rats Results After immunization with neuritogenic P2 peptide, we show a dose-dependent therapeutic effect of one intrathecal injection of 0.3 or 0.6 mg/kg TRIAM on clinical and electrophysiological parameters of neuritis with a lower degree of inflammatory infiltrates (T cells and macrophages) and demyelination in the sciatic nerve. In vitro studies in Schwann cell cultures showed an increased expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist and reduced expression of Toll-like receptor 4 after incubation with TRIAM as well as a protective effect of TRIAM against oxidative stress after H2O2 exposure. Conclusion Intrathecal TRIAM application could be a novel immunomodulatory and potentially neuroprotective option for autoimmune neuropathies with a direct effect on Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pitarokoili
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Melissa Sgodzai
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Grüter
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hussein Bachir
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jeremias Motte
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Ambrosius
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiomara Pedreiturria
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Min-Suk Yoon
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ralf Gold
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791, Bochum, Germany
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Taylor JM. Tissue resident macrophages are sufficient for demyelination during peripheral nerve myelin induced experimental autoimmune neuritis? J Neuroimmunol 2017; 313:69-76. [PMID: 29153611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of resident endoneurial tissue macrophages versus recruited monocyte derived macrophages to demyelination and disease during Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis (EAN) was investigated using passive transfer of peripheral nerve myelin (PNM) specific serum antibodies or adoptive co-transfer of PNM specific T and B cells from EAN donors to leukopenic and normal hosts. Passive transfer of PNM specific serum antibodies or adoptive co-transfer of myelin specific T and B cells into leukopenic recipients resulted in a moderate reduction in nerve conduction block or in the disease severity compared to the normal recipients. This was despite at least a 95% decrease in the number of circulating mononuclear cells during the development of nerve conduction block and disease and a 50% reduction in the number of infiltrating endoneurial macrophages in the nerve lesions of the leukopenic recipients. These observations suggest that during EAN in Lewis rats actively induced by immunization with peripheral nerve myelin, phagocytic macrophages originating from the resident endoneurial population may be sufficient to engage in demyelination initiated by anti-myelin antibodies in this model.
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Pitarokoili K, Kohle F, Motte J, Fatoba O, Pedreiturria X, Gold R, Yoon MS. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential of human immunoglobulin applied intrathecally in Lewis rat experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 309:58-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Liu H, Wan C, Ding Y, Han R, He Y, Xiao J, Hao J. PR-957, a selective inhibitor of immunoproteasome subunit low-MW polypeptide 7, attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis by suppressing T h17-cell differentiation and regulating cytokine production. FASEB J 2017; 31:1756-1766. [PMID: 28096232 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601147r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a CD4+ T-cell-mediated autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system. It has been replicated in an animal model of human inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome subunit, low-MW polypeptide 7 (PR-957) in rats with EAN. Our results showed that PR-957 significantly delayed onset day, reduced severity and shortened duration of EAN, and alleviated demyelination and inflammatory infiltration in sciatic nerves. In addition to significantly regulating expression of the cytokine profile, PR-957 treatment down-regulated the proportion of proinflammatory T-helper (Th)17 cells in sciatic nerves and spleens of rats with EAN. Data presented show the role of PR-957 in the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway. PR-957 not only decreased expression of IL-6 and IL-23 but also led to down-regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation in CD4+ T cells. Regulation of the STAT3 pathway led to a reduction in retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor γ t and IL-17 production. Furthermore, reduction of STAT3 phosphorylation may have directly suppressed Th17-cell differentiation. Therefore, our study demonstrates that PR-957 could potently alleviate inflammation in rats with EAN and that it may be a likely candidate for treating Guillain-Barré syndrome.-Liu, H., Wan, C., Ding, Y., Han, R., He, Y., Xiao, J., Hao, J. PR-957, a selective inhibitor of immunoproteasome subunit low-MW polypeptide 7, attenuates experimental autoimmune neuritis by suppressing Th17-cell differentiation and regulating cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxiao Wan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Ding
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ranran Han
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yating He
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinting Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junwei Hao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China;
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Zhang E, Li M, Zhao J, Dong Y, Yang X, Huang J. Traditional Chinese medicine Yisui Tongjing relieved neural severity in experimental autoimmune neuritis rat model. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:2481-2487. [PMID: 27729792 PMCID: PMC5047740 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Yisui Tongjing (YSTJ) prescription on motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and microstructure of the sciatic nerve in experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) rats, the Guillain-Barré syndrome classic animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we established an EAN model in Lewis rats by immunization. We evaluated the potential clinical application of a traditional Chinese medicine YSTJ by intragastric administration and compared its effect with immunoglobulin. The sciatic MNCV was measured by electrophysiology experiment. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscope analysis were used to determine the pathologically morphological changes before and after YSTJ application. RESULTS We found that application of YSTJ could significantly alleviate the clinical signs in EAN rats. The treatment also increased MNCV in the sciatic nerve compared to that in the untreated nerve. Demyelination in the sciatic nerve in EAN rats was significantly ameliorated, and newly generated myelinated nerve fibers were observed with treatment of high dose of YSTJ. CONCLUSION This study showed that the traditional Chinese medicine YSTJ was likely to serve as a therapeutic medicine in autoimmune neuropathies, providing an effective and economic means to the treatment of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erli Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Mingquan Li
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Encephalopathy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Dong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Xueqin Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University
| | - Jingbo Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University
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Dimethyl Fumarate Ameliorates Lewis Rat Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis and Mediates Axonal Protection. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143416. [PMID: 26618510 PMCID: PMC4664277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimethyl fumarate is an immunomodulatory and neuroprotective drug, approved recently for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. In view of the limited therapeutic options for human acute and chronic polyneuritis, we used the animal model of experimental autoimmune neuritis in the Lewis rat to study the effects of dimethyl fumarate on autoimmune inflammation and neuroprotection in the peripheral nervous system. METHODS AND FINDINGS Experimental autoimmune neuritis was induced by immunization with the neuritogenic peptide (amino acids 53-78) of P2 myelin protein. Preventive treatment with dimethyl fumarate given at 45 mg/kg twice daily by oral gavage significantly ameliorated clinical neuritis by reducing demyelination and axonal degeneration in the nerve conduction studies. Histology revealed a significantly lower degree of inflammatory infiltrates in the sciatic nerves. In addition, we detected a reduction of early signs of axonal degeneration through a reduction of amyloid precursor protein expressed in axons of the peripheral nerves. This reduction correlated with an increase of nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-related factor 2 positive axons, supporting the neuroprotective potential of dimethyl fumarate. Furthermore, nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-related factor 2 expression in Schwann cells was only rarely detected and there was no increase of Schwann cells death during EAN. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that immunomodulatory and neuroprotective dimethyl fumarate may represent an innovative therapeutic option in human autoimmune neuropathies.
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Hantke J, Carty L, Wagstaff LJ, Turmaine M, Wilton DK, Quintes S, Koltzenburg M, Baas F, Mirsky R, Jessen KR. c-Jun activation in Schwann cells protects against loss of sensory axons in inherited neuropathy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:2922-37. [PMID: 25216747 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A is the most frequent inherited peripheral neuropathy. It is generally due to heterozygous inheritance of a partial chromosomal duplication resulting in over-expression of PMP22. A key feature of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A is secondary death of axons. Prevention of axonal loss is therefore an important target of clinical intervention. We have previously identified a signalling mechanism that promotes axon survival and prevents neuron death in mechanically injured peripheral nerves. This work suggested that Schwann cells respond to injury by activating/enhancing trophic support for axons through a mechanism that depends on upregulation of the transcription factor c-Jun in Schwann cells, resulting in the sparing of axons that would otherwise die. As c-Jun orchestrates Schwann cell support for distressed neurons after mechanical injury, we have now asked: do Schwann cells also activate a c-Jun dependent neuron-supportive programme in inherited demyelinating disease? We tested this by using the C3 mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. In line with our previous findings in humans with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A, we found that Schwann cell c-Jun was elevated in (uninjured) nerves of C3 mice. We determined the impact of this c-Jun activation by comparing C3 mice with double mutant mice, namely C3 mice in which c-Jun had been conditionally inactivated in Schwann cells (C3/Schwann cell-c-Jun(-/-) mice), using sensory-motor tests and electrophysiological measurements, and by counting axons in proximal and distal nerves. The results indicate that c-Jun elevation in the Schwann cells of C3 nerves serves to prevent loss of myelinated sensory axons, particularly in distal nerves, improve behavioural symptoms, and preserve F-wave persistence. This suggests that Schwann cells have two contrasting functions in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A: on the one hand they are the genetic source of the disease, on the other, they respond to it by mounting a c-Jun-dependent response that significantly reduces its impact. Because axonal death is a central feature of much nerve pathology it will be important to establish whether an axon-supportive Schwann cell response also takes place in other conditions. Amplification of this axon-supportive mechanism constitutes a novel target for clinical intervention that might be useful in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A and other neuropathies that involve axon loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Hantke
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucy Carty
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laura J Wagstaff
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mark Turmaine
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniel K Wilton
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Susanne Quintes
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Frank Baas
- 3 Department of Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rhona Mirsky
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kristján R Jessen
- 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL), Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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12
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Laquinimod exerts strong clinical and immunomodulatory effects in Lewis rat experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 274:38-45. [PMID: 25005118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Laquinimod is an immunomodulatory drug with neuroprotective potential. We used the animal model of experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in the Lewis rat to study the effects of laquinimod treatment. After immunization with the neuritogenic peptide aa 53-78 of P2 myelin protein, preventive therapy with 12.5mg/kg laquinimod once daily inhibited neuritis in clinical and electrophysiological terms. Histology corroborated a lower degree of inflammatory lesions and demyelination in the sciatic nerve. The proportion of FoxP3-positive regulatory T cells in the peripheral lymph nodes of treated rats remained unchanged. We conclude that laquinimod may represent a therapeutic option in human autoimmune neuropathies.
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13
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Abstract
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprises the cranial nerves, the spinal nerves with their roots and rami, dorsal root ganglia neurons, the peripheral nerves, and peripheral components of the autonomic nervous system. Cell-mediated or antibody-mediated immune attack on the PNS results in distinct clinical syndromes, which are classified based on the tempo of illness, PNS component(s) involved, and the culprit antigen(s) identified. Insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune neuropathy have been provided by ex vivo immunologic studies, biopsy materials, electrophysiologic studies, and experimental models. This review article summarizes earlier seminal observations and highlights the recent progress in our understanding of immunopathogenesis of autoimmune neuropathies based on data from animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Soliven
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Betty Soliven, Room S225, Department of Neurology MC2030, University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 or
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14
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Zhang G, Lehmann HC, Bogdanova N, Gao T, Zhang J, Sheikh KA. Erythropoietin enhances nerve repair in anti-ganglioside antibody-mediated models of immune neuropathy. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27067. [PMID: 22046448 PMCID: PMC3203932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a monophasic immune neuropathic disorder in which a significant proportion of patients have incomplete recovery. The patients with incomplete recovery almost always have some degree of failure of axon regeneration and target reinnervation. Anti-ganglioside antibodies (Abs) are the most commonly recognized autoimmune markers in all forms of GBS and specific Abs are associated with the slow/poor recovery. We recently demonstrated that specific anti-ganglioside Abs inhibit axonal regeneration and nerve repair in preclinical models by activation of small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effectors. The objective of this study was to determine whether erythropoietin (EPO), a pleiotropic cytokine with neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties, enhances nerve regeneration in preclinical cell culture and animal models of autoimmune neuropathy/nerve repair generated with monoclonal and patient derived Abs. Primary neuronal cultures and a standardized sciatic crush nerve model were used to assess the efficacy of EPO in reversing inhibitory effects of anti-ganglioside Abs on nerve repair. We found that EPO completely reversed the inhibitory effects of anti-ganglioside Abs on axon regeneration in cell culture models and significantly improved nerve regeneration/repair in an animal model. Moreover, EPO-induced proregenerative effects in nerve cells are through EPO receptors and Janus kinase 2/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 pathway and not via early direct modulation of small GTPase RhoA. These preclinical studies indicate that EPO is a viable candidate drug to develop further for neuroprotection and enhancing nerve repair in patients with GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Helmar C. Lehmann
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nataliia Bogdanova
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tong Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiangyang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kazim A. Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Xia RH, Yosef N, Ubogu EE. Dorsal caudal tail and sciatic motor nerve conduction studies in adult mice: technical aspects and normative data. Muscle Nerve 2010; 41:850-6. [PMID: 20151466 DOI: 10.1002/mus.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mice provide an important tool to investigate human neuromuscular disorders. The variability of electrophysiological techniques limits direct comparison between studies. The purpose of this study was to establish normative motor nerve conduction data in adult mice. The dorsal caudal tail nerve and sciatic nerve motor conduction studies were performed bilaterally on restrained anesthetized adult mice. The means and standard deviations for each electrophysiological parameter were determined in normal mice. Data were compared with inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy mice to determine whether these parameters discriminate between normal and abnormal peripheral nerves. Normal adult mice had a distal latency of 0.89 (+/-0.17) ms and 0.75 (+/-0.09) ms, distal compound motor unit action potential amplitude of 13.2 (+/-5.9) mV and 28.1 (+/-8.3) mV, and conduction velocity of 74.6 (+/-9.0) m/s and 76.5 (+/-8.3) m/s, respectively. These data were validated by the finding of statistically significant differences in several electrophysiological parameters that compared normal and polyneuropathy-affected mice. A standardized method for motor nerve conduction studies and associated normative data in mice should facilitate comparisons of disease severity and response to treatment between studies that use similar models. This would assist in the process of translational therapeutic drug design in neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H Xia
- Neuromuscular Immunopathology Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Mailstop NB 302, Houston, Texas 77030-3411, USA
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16
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Zhao XL, Li GZ, Sun B, Zhang ZL, Yin YH, Tian YS, Li H, Li HL, Wang DS, Zhong D. MMP-mediated cleavage of β-dystroglycan in myelin sheath is involved in autoimmune neuritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 392:551-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Fricker B, Muller A, René F. Evaluation Tools and Animal Models of Peripheral Neuropathies. NEURODEGENER DIS 2008; 5:72-108. [DOI: 10.1159/000112835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Zhang Z, Fauser U, Schluesener HJ. Expression of RhoA by inflammatory macrophages and T cells in rat experimental autoimmune neuritis. J Cell Mol Med 2007; 11:111-9. [PMID: 17367505 PMCID: PMC4401224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00004.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoA is one of the best-studied members of Rho GTPases. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), which is characterized by infiltration of T cells and macrophages into the peripheral nervous system, is an autoantigen-specific T-cell-mediated animal model of human Guillain-Barré Syndrome. In this study, RhoA expression has been investigated in the dorsal/ventral roots of EAN rats by immunohistochemistry. A significant accumulation of RhoA+ cells was observed on Day 12, with a maximum around Day 15, correlating to the clinical severity of EAN. In dorsal/ventral roots of EAN, RhoA+ cells were seen in perivascular areas but also in the parenchyma. Furthermore, double-labelling experiments showed that the major cellular sources of RhoA were reactive macrophages and T cells. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration of the presence of RhoA in the dorsal/ventral roots of EAN. The time courses and cellular sources of RhoA together with the functions of RhoA indicate that RhoA may function to facilitate macrophage and T-cell infiltration in EAN and therefore could be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Zhang
- Institute of Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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19
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Abstract
This presentation highlights aspects of the immunobiology of the Guillain-Barré syndromes (GBS), the world's leading cause of acute autoimmune neuromuscular paralysis. Understanding the key pathophysiological pathways of GBS and developing rational, specific immunotherapies are essential steps towards improving the clinical outcome of this devastating disorder. Much of the research into GBS over the last decade has focused on the forms mediated by anti-ganglioside antibodies, and we have made substantial progress in our understanding in several related areas. Particular highlights include (a) the emerging correlations between anti-ganglioside antibodies and specific clinical phenotypes, notably between anti-GM1/anti-GD1a antibodies and the acute motor axonal variant and anti-GQ1b/anti-GT1a antibodies and the Miller Fisher syndrome; (b) the identification of molecular mimicry between GBS-associated Campylobacter jejuni oligosaccharides and GM1, GD1a, and GT1a gangliosides as a mechanism for anti-ganglioside antibody induction; (c) the development of rodent models of GBS with sensory ataxic or motor phenotypes induced by immunisation with GD1b or GM1 gangliosides, respectively. Our work has particularly studied the motor nerve terminal as a model site of injury, and through combined active and passive immunisation paradigms, we have developed murine neuropathy phenotypes mediated by anti-ganglioside antibodies. This has been achieved through use of glycosyltransferase and complement regulator knock-out mice, both for cloning anti-ganglioside antibodies and inducing disease. Through such studies, we have proven a neuropathogenic role for murine anti-ganglioside antibodies and human GBS-associated antisera and identified several determinants that influence disease expression including (a) the level of immunological tolerance to microbial glycans that mimic self-gangliosides; (b) the ganglioside density in target tissue; (c) the level of complement activation and the neuroprotective effects of endogenous complement regulators; and (d) the role of calcium influx through complement pores in mediating axonal injury. Such studies provide us with clear information on an antibody-mediated pathogenesis model for GBS and should lead to rational therapeutic testing of agents that are potentially suitable for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh J Willison
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, Scotland, UK.
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Beiter T, Artelt MR, Trautmann K, Schluesener HJ. Experimental autoimmune neuritis induces differential microglia activation in the rat spinal cord. J Neuroimmunol 2004; 160:25-31. [PMID: 15710454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2004.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2004] [Revised: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 10/21/2004] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The reactive spatial and temporal activation pattern of parenchymal spinal cord microglia was analyzed in rat experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN). We observed a differential activation of spinal cord microglial cells. A significant increase in ED1(+) microglia predominantly located in the dorsal horn grey matter of lumbar and thoracic spinal cord levels was observed on Day 12. As revealed by morphological criteria and by staining with further activation markers [allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1), EMAPII, OX6, P2X(4)R], reactive microglia did not reach a macrophage-like state of full activation. On Day 12, a significant proliferative response could be observed, affecting all spinal cord areas and including ED1(+) microglial cells and a wide range of putative progenitor cells. Thus, in rat EAN, a reactive localized and distinct microglial activation correlating with a generalized proliferative response could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Beiter
- Institute of Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Calwer Str.3, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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21
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Latov N, Renaud S. Effector mechanisms in anti-MAG antibody-mediated and other demyelinating neuropathies. J Neurol Sci 2004; 220:127-9. [PMID: 15140620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2004.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Latov
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Peripheral Neuropathy Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10022, USA.
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