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Cesanelli L, Minderis P, Degens H, Satkunskiene D. Passive mechanical properties of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle from C57BL/6J mice. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 155:106576. [PMID: 38744119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are characterized by unique structural features finely tuned to meet specific functional demands. In this study, we investigated the passive mechanical properties of soleus (SOL), extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm (DIA) muscles, as well as subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissues from 13 C57BL/6J mice. Thereto, alongside stress-relaxation assessments we subjected isolated muscles and adipose tissues (ATs) to force-extension tests up to 10% and 30% of their optimal length, respectively. Peak passive stress was highest in the DIA, followed by the SOL and lowest in the EDL (p < 0.05). SOL displayed also the highest Young's modulus and hysteresis among muscles (p < 0.05). BAT demonstrated highest peak passive stress and Young's modulus followed by VAT (p < 0.05), while SAT showed the highest hysteresis (p < 0.05). When comparing data across all six biological specimens at fixed passive force intervals (i.e., 20-40 and 50-70 mN), skeletal muscles exhibited significantly higher peak stresses and strains than ATs (p < 0.05). Young's modulus was higher in skeletal muscles than in ATs (p < 0.05). Muscle specimens exhibited slower force relaxation in the first phase compared to ATs (p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in behavior between muscles and AT in the second phase of relaxation. The study revealed distinctive mechanical behaviors specific to different tissues, and even between different muscles and ATs. These variations in mechanical properties are likely such to optimize the specific functions performed by each biological tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cesanelli
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - P Minderis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - H Degens
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - D Satkunskiene
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Miyachi R, Fujii Y, Nishimura T, Goda A, Nagamori Y, Kanazawa Y. Examining Movement Patterns, Skeletal Muscle Mass, and Hip Mobility in Office Workers With or Without Lower Back Pain: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e64721. [PMID: 39156309 PMCID: PMC11328160 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between Functional Movement Screen (FMS), skeletal muscle mass, and hip mobility in office workers with or without chronic lower back pain (LBP), as well as to determine whether the above items differed between office workers with or without chronic LBP. METHODS This study utilized an analytic cross-sectional design. The participants were 35 office workers (14 in the LBP group and 21 in the non-lower back pain group, or NLBP) who were willing to cooperate with the request for cooperation in this study. Movement patterns were assessed by FMS and skeletal muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Hip mobility was measured by prone hip extension (PHE) and straight leg raising. The correlations between each item and differences in the presence or absence of LBP were analyzed. RESULTS The LBP and NLBP groups showed different correlations (p<0.05) between total and subcategory scores and skeletal muscle mass. Total FMS score (p=0.02, r=-0.40) and PHE angle (p=0.01, r=0.43) were significantly higher in the LBP group than in the NLBP group. CONCLUSIONS The FMS shows different relationships between total and subcategory scores and skeletal muscle mass for office workers with or without LBP. In addition, office workers with LBP may have different movement patterns and greater hip extension range of motion than those without LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Miyachi
- Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, JPN
| | - Yoshinari Fujii
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, JPN
| | - Takaaki Nishimura
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, JPN
| | - Akio Goda
- Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, JPN
| | - Yui Nagamori
- Neurology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, JPN
| | - Yuji Kanazawa
- Anatomy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, JPN
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Differences in Knee Extensors’ Muscle–Tendon Unit Passive Stiffness, Architecture, and Force Production in Competitive Cyclists Versus Runners. J Appl Biomech 2022; 38:412-423. [DOI: 10.1123/jab.2022-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To describe the possible effects of chronic specific exercise training, the present study compared the anthropometric variables, muscle–tendon unit (MTU) architecture, passive stiffness, and force production capacity between a group of competitive cyclists and runners. Twenty-seven competitive male cyclists (n = 16) and runners (n = 11) participated. B-mode ultrasound evaluation of the vastus lateralis muscle and patellar tendon as well as passive stiffness of the knee extensors MTU were assessed. The athletes then performed a test of knee extensor maximal voluntary isometric contractions. Cyclists displayed greater thigh girths, vastus lateralis pennation angle and muscle thickness, patellar tendon cross-sectional area, and MTU passive stiffness than runners (P < .05). Knee extensor force production capacity also differed significantly, with cyclists showing greater values compared with runners (P < .05). Overall, the direct comparison of these 2 populations revealed specific differences in the MTU, conceivably related to the chronic requirements imposed through the training for the different disciplines.
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Influence of stress relaxation and load during static stretching on the range of motion and muscle–tendon passive stiffness. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-021-00759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gillen ZM, McHugh MP, Shoemaker ME, Cramer JT. Comparisons of countermovement jump force profiles in youth athletes. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M. Gillen
- Department of Kinesiology Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
| | - Malachy P. McHugh
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic TraumaLenox Hill Hospital New York NY USA
| | - Marni E. Shoemaker
- College of Health SciencesThe University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA
| | - Joel T. Cramer
- College of Health SciencesThe University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA
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Kiely N, Pickering Rodriguez L, Watsford M, Reddin T, Hardy S, Duffield R. The influence of technique and physical capacity on ball release speed in cricket fast-bowling. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:2361-2369. [PMID: 34096462 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1933349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationships between physical capacity, bowling technique and ball speed in 20 fast-bowlers. Technique factors correlated with ball speed were; bowling action duration (r = -0.639, p = 0.002), run-up velocity (r = 0.616, p = 0.004), back foot contact (BFC) time (r = -0.608, p = 0.004), front foot contact (FFC)-ball release (BR) duration (r = -0.602, p = 0.005), delivery stride phase acceleration (r = -0.582, p = 0.007), delivery stride duration (r = -0.547, p = 0.012), time of peak horizontal braking force (r = -0.538, p=0.014), peak pelvis COM velocity (BFC-BR) (r = 0.469, p = 0.037) and peak vertical GRF time (r = -0.461, p = 0.041). Physical capacities were; 10-30 m split (r = -0.554, p = 0.011), 30 m sprint (r = -0.482, p = 0.031) and IMTP (r = 0.471, p = 0.036). Stepwise regression showed bowling action duration and 10-30 m split explained 54% (p = 0.001) of ball speed variation. Ball speed was associated with faster run-ups, shorter BFC times and abrupt FFC GRF application. Coaches should also consider sprint speed and lower-body strength as important modifiable factors for fast-bowlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Kiely
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sport Science and Sports Medicine Department, Cricket New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Mark Watsford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Reddin
- Sport Science and Sports Medicine Department, Cricket New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean Hardy
- Sport Science and Sports Medicine Department, Cricket New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rob Duffield
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Suga T, Terada M, Tomoo K, Miyake Y, Tanaka T, Ueno H, Nagano A, Isaka T. Association between plantar flexor muscle volume and dorsiflexion flexibility in healthy young males: ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging studies. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:8. [PMID: 33514415 PMCID: PMC7846987 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Although joint flexibility is important for human locomotion, the determinants of joint flexibility are not fully understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between dorsiflexion flexibility and plantar flexor muscle size in healthy young males. Methods and results The dorsiflexion flexibility was assessed using range of motion (ROM) and stiffness during active and passive dorsiflexion. Active ROM was defined as the maximal angle during voluntary dorsiflexion. Passive ROM was defined as the angle at the onset of pain during passive dorsiflexion. Passive stiffness was calculated as the slope of the linear portion of the torque-angle curve between 10º and 20º dorsiflexion of the ankle during passive dorsiflexion. In the first study, the plantar flexor muscle volume (MV) in 92 subjects was estimated on the basis of the lower leg length and plantar flexor muscle thickness, as measured using ultrasonography. The estimated plantar flexor MV correlated significantly with active ROM (r = -0.433), passive ROM (r = -0.299), and passive stiffness (r = 0.541) during dorsiflexion (P = 0.01 for all). In the second study, the plantar flexor MV in 38 subjects was measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The plantar flexor MV correlated significantly with plantar flexor active ROM (r = -0.484), passive ROM (r = -0.383), and passive stiffness (r = 0.592) during dorsiflexion (P = 0.05 for all). Conclusions These findings suggest that a larger plantar flexor MV is related to less dorsiflexion flexibility in healthy young males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Suga
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Terada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Keigo Tomoo
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yuto Miyake
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Ueno
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Nagano
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tadao Isaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, 525-8577, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
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Relationship Between Hip Frontal Dynamic Joint Stiffness and Frontal and Transverse Plane Hip Kinematics During Gait: Sex Differences. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 30:475-481. [PMID: 33049704 DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies have reported that the incidence of patellofemoral pain in women is 2.2 times higher than that in men. Lower hip frontal dynamic joint stiffness in women may be related to the magnitude of hip adduction and internal rotation associated with patellofemoral pain. OBJECTIVE To identify sex differences in hip frontal dynamic joint stiffness and examine the relationship between hip frontal dynamic joint stiffness and hip adduction and internal rotation during gait. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING University campus. PARTICIPANTS A total of 80 healthy volunteers (40 women and 40 men) participated in this study. INTERVENTION(S) Kinematic and kinetic data during gait were collected using a motion capture system and force plates. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hip frontal dynamic joint stiffness, hip adduction, and hip internal rotation were calculated during gait. RESULTS Women demonstrated lower hip frontal dynamic joint stiffness than men during gait (P < .01). They also displayed decreased hip frontal dynamic joint stiffness associated with increased hip adduction (r = -.85, P < .001) and internal rotation (r = -.48, P < .001). Conversely, in men, decreased hip frontal dynamic joint stiffness was associated with increased hip adduction (r = -.74, P < .001) but not internal rotation (r = .17, P = .28). CONCLUSIONS Sex differences between hip frontal dynamic joint stiffness and hip internal rotation during gait may contribute to the increased incidence of patellofemoral pain in women.
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Braga UM, Mendonça LD, Mascarenhas RO, Alves COA, Filho RGT, Resende RA. Effects of medially wedged insoles on the biomechanics of the lower limbs of runners with excessive foot pronation and foot varus alignment. Gait Posture 2019; 74:242-249. [PMID: 31574408 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive foot pronation during running in individuals with foot varus alignment may be reduced by medially wedged insoles. RESEARCH QUESTION This study investigated the effects of a medially wedged insole at the forefoot and at the rearfoot on the lower limbs angles and internal moments of runners with excessive foot pronation and foot varus alignment. METHODS Kinematic and kinetic data of 19 runners (11 females and 8 males) were collected while they ran wearing flat (control condition) and medially wedged insoles (insole condition). Both insoles had arch support. We used principal component analysis for data reduction and dependent t-test to compare differences between conditions. RESULTS The insole condition reduced ankle eversion (p = 0.003; effect size = 0.63); reduced knee range of motion in the transverse plane (p = 0.012; effect size = 0.55); increased knee range of motion in the frontal plane in early stance and had earlier knee adduction peak (p = 0.018; effect size = 0.52); reduced hip range of motion in the transverse plane (p = 0.031; effect size = 0.48); reduced hip adduction (p = 0.024; effect size = 0.50); reduced ankle inversion moment (p = 0.012; effect size = 0.55); and increased the difference between the knee internal rotation moment in early stance and midstance (p = 0.012; effect size = 0.55). SIGNIFICANCE Insoles with 7˚ medial wedges at the forefoot and rearfoot are able to modify motion and moments patterns that are related to lower limb injuries in runners with increased foot pronation and foot varus alignment with some non-desired effects on the knee motion in the frontal plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uiara M Braga
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Department of Physical Therapy, Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583/5000, Campus Diamantina, Alto do Jacuba, 39100 000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luciana D Mendonça
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Department of Physical Therapy, Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583/5000, Campus Diamantina, Alto do Jacuba, 39100 000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo O Mascarenhas
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Department of Physical Therapy, Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583/5000, Campus Diamantina, Alto do Jacuba, 39100 000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Carolina O A Alves
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renato G T Filho
- Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Department of Physical Therapy, Rodovia MGT 367 - KM 583/5000, Campus Diamantina, Alto do Jacuba, 39100 000, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | - Renan A Resende
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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What causes increased passive stiffness of plantarflexor muscle–tendon unit in children with spastic cerebral palsy? Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2151-2165. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Blazevich AJ. Adaptations in the passive mechanical properties of skeletal muscle to altered patterns of use. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 126:1483-1491. [PMID: 30412028 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00700.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this mini-review is to describe the present state of knowledge regarding the effects of chronic changes in the patterns of muscle use (defined as changes lasting >1 wk), including muscle stretching, strengthening, and others, on the passive mechanical properties of healthy human skeletal muscles. Various forms of muscle stretch training and some forms of strength training (especially eccentric training) are known to strongly impact the maximum elongation capacity of muscles in vivo (i.e., maximum joint range of motion), largely by increasing our ability to tolerate higher stretch loads. However, only small effects are observed in the passive stiffness of the muscle-tendon unit (MTU) or the muscle itself, although a reduction in muscle stiffness has been observed in the plantar flexors after both stretching and eccentric exercise interventions. No changes have yet been observed in viscoelastic properties such as the MTU stress-relaxation response, although a minimum of evidence indicates that hysteresis during passive stretch-relaxation cycles may be reduced by muscle stretching training. Importantly, data exist for relatively few muscle groups, and little is known about the effects of age and sex on the adaptive process of passive mechanical properties. Despite the significant research effort afforded to understanding the effects of altered physical activity patterns on the maximum range of motion at some joints, further information is needed before it will be possible to develop targeted physical activity interventions with the aim of evoking specific changes in passive mechanical properties in individuals or in specific muscles and muscle groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Blazevich
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University , Joondalup, Western Australia , Australia
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Sahrmann S, Azevedo DC, Dillen LV. Diagnosis and treatment of movement system impairment syndromes. Braz J Phys Ther 2017; 21:391-399. [PMID: 29097026 PMCID: PMC5693453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnoses and treatments based on movement system impairment syndromes were developed to guide physical therapy treatment. OBJECTIVES This masterclass aims to describe the concepts on that are the basis of the syndromes and treatment and to provide the current research on movement system impairment syndromes. RESULTS The conceptual basis of the movement system impairment syndromes is that sustained alignment in a non-ideal position and repeated movements in a specific direction are thought to be associated with several musculoskeletal conditions. Classification into movement system impairment syndromes and treatment has been described for all body regions. The classification involves interpreting data from standardized tests of alignments and movements. Treatment is based on correcting the impaired alignment and movement patterns as well as correcting the tissue adaptations associated with the impaired alignment and movement patterns. The reliability and validity of movement system impairment syndromes have been partially tested. Although several case reports involving treatment using the movement system impairment syndromes concept have been published, efficacy of treatment based on movement system impairment syndromes has not been tested in randomized controlled trials, except in people with chronic low back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Sahrmann
- Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Physical Therapy, St. Louis, USA.
| | - Daniel C Azevedo
- Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC-MG), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Linda Van Dillen
- Washington University School of Medicine, Program in Physical Therapy, St. Louis, USA
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Hirata K, Miyamoto-Mikami E, Kimura N, Miyamoto N. No association between passive material property and cross-sectional area in human hamstring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.7.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Akehi K, Long BC, Warren AJ, Goad CL. Ankle Joint Angle and Lower Leg Musculotendinous Unit Responses to Cryotherapy. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:2482-92. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Buckner SL, Jenkins NDM, Costa PB, Ryan ED, Herda TJ, Cramer JT. Comparing passive angle-torque curves recorded simultaneously with a load cell versus an isokinetic dynamometer during dorsiflexion stretch tolerance assessments. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:494-8. [PMID: 25782330 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to compare the passive angle-torque curves and the passive stiffness (PS, N m °(-)(1)) values recorded simultaneously from a load cell versus an isokinetic dynamometer during dorsiflexion stretch tolerance assessments in vivo. Nine healthy men (mean ± SD age = 21.4 ± 1.6 years) completed stretch tolerance assessments on a custom-built apparatus where passive torque was measured simultaneously from an isokinetic dynamometer and a load cell. Passive torque values that corresponded with the last 10° of dorsiflexion, verified by surface electromyographic amplitude, were analyzed for each device (θ1, θ2, θ3, …, θ10). Passive torque values measured with the load cell were greater (p ≤ 0.05) than the dynamometer torque values for θ4 through θ10. There were more statistical differentiations among joint angles for passive torque measured by the load cell, and the load cell measured a greater (p ≤ 0.01) increase in passive torque and PS than the isokinetic dynamometer. These findings suggested that when examining the angle-torque curves from passive dorsiflexion stretch tolerance tests, a load cell placed under the distal end of the foot may be more sensitive than the torque recorded from an isokinetic dynamometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Buckner
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | | | - Pablo B Costa
- California State University-San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA 92407, United States
| | - Eric D Ryan
- University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, United States
| | - Trent J Herda
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Joel T Cramer
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
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Andrade RJ, Freitas SR, Vaz JR, Bruno PM, Pezarat-Correia P. Provocative mechanical tests of the peripheral nervous system affect the joint torque-angle during passive knee motion. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:338-45. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Andrade
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - S. R. Freitas
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - J. R. Vaz
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - P. M. Bruno
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
| | - P. Pezarat-Correia
- CIPER; Faculdade de Motricidade Humana; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisbon Portugal
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Lara Araújo V, Otoni do Carmo Carvalhais V, Ribeiro Teles dos Santos T, Gomes Pavan Gonçalves G, Sales Prado L, Teixeira Fonseca S. Characterization of hip passive stiffness of volleyball, basketball and futsal young athletes. Phys Ther Sport 2013; 14:227-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Palmer TB, Jenkins ND, Thompson BJ, Smith DB, Cramer JT. The relationship between passive stiffness and muscle power output: Influence of muscle cross-sectional area normalization. Muscle Nerve 2013; 49:69-75. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ty B. Palmer
- Department of Health and Human Performance; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma USA
| | - Nathaniel D.M. Jenkins
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln Nebraska 68583-0806 USA
| | - Brennan J. Thompson
- Human Performance Laboratory; Department of Health; Exercise, and Sport Sciences; Texas Tech University; Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Douglas B. Smith
- Department of Health and Human Performance; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater Oklahoma USA
| | - Joel T. Cramer
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences; 110 Ruth Leverton Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln; Lincoln Nebraska 68583-0806 USA
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Neto T, Freitas S, Vaz J, Silva AM, Mil-Homens P, Carita AI. Lower limb body composition is associated to knee passive extension torque-angle response. SPRINGERPLUS 2013; 2:403. [PMID: 24024091 PMCID: PMC3765592 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose People vary in flexibility regarding maximum joint angle, resistance to stretch and mechanical responses during stretching exercises. Body composition (BC) has been been mentioned as one of the factors for flexibility differences. The aim of this study was to determine how body composition and anthropometric measures of the lower limb is associated with passive knee extension (PKE) torque-angle (T-A) response. Methods Twenty-five male subjects with poor flexibility performed a maximal PKE repetition (velocity of 2°/s; 90 seconds in the static phase). Knee passive T-A, vastus medialis and semitendinosous electromyographic activity were recorded during the protocol. Viscoelastic stress relaxation (VSR) amplitude, knee passive stiffness (KPS), lower limb body composition assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and anthropometry measures were determined. Results Thigh skeletal muscle and bone mass, as well as thigh perimeter, showed a moderated correlation with passive torque (r = 0.45; r = 0.6; r = 0.59, respectively), joint angle (r = 0.46; r = 0.5; r = 0.5), and VSR (r = 0.46; r = 0.49; r = 0.5). Thigh skeletal muscle was also correlated with KPS (r = 0.42). All these correlations were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions Passive knee extension T-A was found to be moderately correlated with lower limb BC. In particular, thigh perimeter and skeletal muscle mass were associated with knee passive stiffness and viscoelastic stress relaxation. More research is needed to understand what influences joint maximum angle, resistance to stretch and mechanical response to stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Neto
- Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, CIPER, Universidade de Lisboa, P-1100 Lisbon, Portugal
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Furlong LAM, Harrison AJ. Reliability and consistency of plantarflexor stretch-shortening cycle function using an adapted force sledge apparatus. Physiol Meas 2013; 34:437-48. [PMID: 23524578 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/34/4/437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
There are various limitations to existing methods of studying plantarflexor stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) function and muscle-tendon unit (MTU) mechanics, predominantly related to measurement validity and reliability. This study utilizes an innovative adaptation to a force sledge which isolates the plantarflexors and ankle for analysis. The aim of this study was to determine the sledge loading protocol to be used, most appropriate method of data analysis and measurement reliability in a group of healthy, non-injured subjects. Twenty subjects (11 males, 9 females; age: 23.5 ±2.3 years; height: 1.73 ±0.08 m; mass: 74.2 ±11.3 kg) completed 11 impacts at five different loadings rated on a scale of perceived exertion from 1 to 5, where 5 is a loading that the subject could only complete the 11 impacts using the adapted sledge. Analysis of impacts 4-8 or 5-7 using loading 2 provided consistent results that were highly reliable (single intra-class correlation, ICC > 0.85, average ICC > 0.95) and replicated kinematics found in hopping and running. Results support use of an adapted force sledge apparatus as an ecologically valid, reliable method of investigating plantarflexor SSC function and MTU mechanics in a dynamic controlled environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura-Anne M Furlong
- Biomechanics Research Unit, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
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21
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Age related differences in maximal and rapid torque characteristics of the leg extensors and flexors in young, middle-aged and old men. Exp Gerontol 2013; 48:277-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Araújo VLD, Carvalhais VODC, Ocarino JDM, Souza TRD, Fonseca STD. Efeito dos exercícios de fortalecimento e alongamento sobre a rigidez tecidual passiva. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-51502012000400020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Níveis excessivos ou reduzidos de rigidez passiva dos músculos, tendões, ligamentos e fáscias podem estar relacionados à ocorrência de disfunções de movimento e ao desenvolvimento de lesões musculoesqueléticas. O tratamento dessas condições comumente envolve a aplicação de técnicas voltadas para alterar a rigidez, tais como fortalecimento ou alongamento. OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura para investigar os efeitos de exercícios de fortalecimento e alongamento sobre a rigidez tecidual passiva. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada consulta aos bancos de dados Medline, Scielo, Lilacs e PEDro. Foram incluídos estudos experimentais realizados em animais ou humanos, sem limite de data. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 20 estudos que investigaram o efeito do fortalecimento sobre a rigidez passiva e 13 que pesquisaram o efeito de programas de alongamento sobre a rigidez passiva. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos sugerem que exercícios de fortalecimento de alta intensidade são capazes de aumentar os níveis de rigidez tecidual tanto em animais quanto em humanos. O aumento da área de secção transversa e modificações na composição dos tecidos são alguns dos mecanismos responsáveis por esse aumento. Em relação ao fortalecimento muscular em posição alongada e ao fortalecimento excêntrico em toda amplitude com carga moderada, os resultados são insuficientes para afirmar sobre o real efeito dessas técnicas em reduzir os níveis de rigidez. Por fim, programas de alongamento estático ou do tipo contrai-relaxa parecem reduzir a rigidez tecidual quando realizados por meio de protocolos de longa duração e/ou alta frequência.
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Farup J, Kjølhede T, Sørensen H, Dalgas U, Møller AB, Vestergaard PF, Ringgaard S, Bojsen-Møller J, Vissing K. Muscle Morphological and Strength Adaptations to Endurance Vs. Resistance Training. J Strength Cond Res 2012; 26:398-407. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e318225a26f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ryan ED, Thompson BJ, Herda TJ, Sobolewski EJ, Costa PB, Walter AA, Cramer JT. The relationship between passive stiffness and evoked twitch properties: the influence of muscle CSA normalization. Physiol Meas 2011; 32:677-86. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/32/6/005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hoge KM, Ryan ED, Costa PB, Herda TJ, Walter AA, Stout JR, Cramer JT. Gender differences in musculotendinous stiffness and range of motion after an acute bout of stretching. J Strength Cond Res 2011; 24:2618-26. [PMID: 20885189 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e73974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine musculotendinous stiffness (MTS) and ankle joint range of motion (ROM) in men and women after an acute bout of passive stretching. Thirteen men (mean ± SD age = 21 ± 2 years; body mass = 79 ± 15 kg; and height = 177 ± 7 cm) and 19 women (21 ± 3 years; 61 ± 9 kg; 165 ± 8 cm) completed stretch tolerance tests to determine MTS and ROM before and after a stretching protocol that consisted of 9 repetitions of passive, constant-torque stretching. The women were all tested during menses. Each repetition was held for 135 seconds. The results indicated that ROM increased after the stretching for the women (means ± SD pre to post: 109.39° ± 10.16° to 116.63° ± 9.63°; p ≤ 0.05) but not for the men (111.79° ± 6.84° to 113.93° ± 8.15°; p > 0.05). There were no stretching-induced changes in MTS (women's pre to postchange in MTS: -0.35 ± 0.38; men's MTS: +0.17 ± 0.40; p > 0.05), but MTS was higher for the men than for the women (MTS: 1.34 ± 0.41 vs. 0.97 ± 0.38; p ≤ 0.05). electromyographic amplitude for the soleus and medial gastrocnemius during the stretching tests was unchanged from pre to poststretching (p > 0.05); however, it increased with joint angle during the passive movements (p ≤ 0.05). Passively stretching the calf muscles increased stretch tolerance in women but not in men. But the stretching may not have affected the viscoelastic properties of the muscles. Practitioners may want to consider the possible gender differences in passive stretching responses and that increases in ROM may not always reflect decreases in MTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Hoge
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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Esposito F, Limonta E, Cè E. Passive stretching effects on electromechanical delay and time course of recovery in human skeletal muscle: new insights from an electromyographic and mechanomyographic combined approach. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 111:485-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Acute effects of passive stretching on the electromechanical delay and evoked twitch properties. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:301-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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