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Queißert F, Schrader AJ. ["Pressure kills kidneys": protection of the upper urinary tract through neuro-urological management]. Aktuelle Urol 2024; 55:302-307. [PMID: 38653468 DOI: 10.1055/a-2287-4933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Low compliance is not an independent disease but a severe manifestation resulting from various disorders of the storage and excretory function of the bladder. Reduced distensibility of the detrusor muscle can lead to a pressure load on the upper urinary tract but also to urge-dominant LUTS and urinary tract infections. Neurogenic causes, especially spinal cord injury/spina bifida but also iatrogenic damage or subvesical obstruction, can contribute to the development. This article is intended to provide information about the epidemiology and complex pathogenetic mechanisms as well as the necessary diagnostic steps. Various medical, interventional and surgical treatment strategies are evaluated on the basis of current scientific findings, thus supporting the reader in the care of this complex patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Queißert
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andres Jan Schrader
- Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
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2
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Chen SF, Kuo HC. Management of spinal cord injury patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction using minimally invasive and surgical therapies in Taiwan. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:1205-1216. [PMID: 38036803 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03884-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The main problems of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) consist of impaired urine storage, impaired bladder emptying, or both. The priorities in the management of SCI-NLUTD should be preservation of renal function, followed by freedom from urinary tract infections and improvement of quality of life. Management of NLUTD in patients with SCI must be based on urodynamic findings rather than clinical evaluations. In the hospital without urodynamic equipment, careful measurement of intravesical pressure and safety functional bladder capacity in conjunction with clinical assessment are also feasible. Identification of high-risk patients is important for preventing urological complications in patients with chronic SCI. The management of NLUTD should start with conservative bladder management and medical treatment. Patients with SCI should be regularly followed up, and any NLUTDs and urological complications should be adequately treated. When surgical intervention is necessary, less invasive and reversible procedures should be considered first, and any unnecessary surgery should be avoided. This article reports the current evidence and expert opinions on the patient-centered bladder management of NLUTD in chronic SCI patients in Taiwan. To avoid renal function deterioration and urological complications, annual active surveillance of bladder and renal function is mandatory, especially for high-risk SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Fu Chen
- Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Hann-Chorng Kuo
- Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and Tzu Chi University 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, Taiwan.
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3
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Wu X, Xi X, Xu M, Gao M, Liang Y, Sun M, Hu X, Mao L, Liu X, Zhao C, Sun X, Yuan H. Prediction of early bladder outcomes after spinal cord injury: The HALT score. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14628. [PMID: 38421138 PMCID: PMC10850821 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Neurogenic bladder (NB) is a prevalent and debilitating consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI). Indeed, the accurate prognostication of early bladder outcomes is crucial for patient counseling, rehabilitation goal setting, and personalized intervention planning. METHODS A retrospective exploratory analysis was conducted on a cohort of consecutive SCI patients admitted to a rehabilitation facility in China from May 2016 to December 2022. Demographic, clinical, and electrophysiological data were collected within 40 days post-SCI, with bladder outcomes assessed at 3 months following SCI onset. RESULTS The present study enrolled 202 SCI patients with a mean age of 40.3 ± 12.3 years. At 3 months post-SCI, 79 participants exhibited complete bladder emptying. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the H-reflex of the soleus muscle, the American Spinal Injury Association Lower Extremity Motor Score (ASIA-LEMS), and the time from lesion to rehabilitation facility (TLRF) as significant independent predictors for bladder emptying. A scoring system named HALT was developed, yielding a strong discriminatory performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (aROC) of 0.878 (95% CI: 0.823-0.933). A simplified model utilizing only the H-reflex exhibited excellent discriminatory ability with an aROC of 0.824 (95% CI: 0.766-0.881). Both models demonstrated good calibration via the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and favorable clinical net benefits through decision curve analysis (DCA). In comparison to ASIA-LEMS, both the HALT score and H-reflex showed superior predictive accuracy for bladder outcome. Notably, in individuals with incomplete injuries, the HALT score (aROC = 0.973, 95% CI: 0.940-1.000) and the H-reflex (aROC = 0.888, 95% CI: 0.807-0.970) displayed enhanced performance. CONCLUSION Two reliable models, the HALT score and the H-reflex, were developed to predict bladder outcomes as early as 3 months after SCI onset. Importantly, this study provides hitherto undocumented evidence regarding the predictive significance of the soleus H-reflex in relation to bladder outcomes in SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangbo Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Xiao Xi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Mulan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shenshan Medical Center, Sun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShanweiGuangdongChina
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Health StatisticsAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Miaoqiao Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Xu Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Xingkai Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xijing HospitalAir Force Medical University (Fourth Military Medical University)Xi'anChina
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Louar M, Morel-Journel N, Ruffion A, Carnicelli D, Neuville P. Female Sexual Function and Body Image After Urinary Diversion for Benign Conditions. J Sex Med 2022; 19:263-269. [PMID: 34924334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simple cystectomy with urinary diversion is the favored option for treating conditions responsible of neurogenic bladder dysfunction after failure of conservative treatments. Despite the existence of validated assessment tools, the impact of cystectomy on female sexual function remains scarcely investigated. AIM The aim was to assess the sexual function and body image of female patients who underwent urinary diversion for a nonmalignant condition and to investigate the factors that may influence sexual life quality. METHODS 36 female patients who underwent urinary diversion ± cystectomy for a benign condition between January 1, 2007 and December 15, 2019 were included. Standardized questionnaires were sent by mail between February and April 2021. Additional data were collected from patient computerized medical records. OUTCOMES The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Body Image Scale (BIS), and Stoma Quality Of life (StomaQOL) questionnaires were used to assess sexual activity, body image, and quality of life related to a noncontinent stoma, respectively. The quality of pre- and postoperative information was also assessed. RESULTS The most frequent etiology of bladder dysfunction was multiple sclerosis (14, 38.9%). After surgery, 29 (80.6%) patients were sexually active and the mean (range) overall FSFI score was 15.2 (2-33.3). The mean (range) overall FSFI score and FSFI Arousal sub-score were lower for the 14 patients with an ileal conduit [11.1(2-33.3] and 1 (0-4.5)) compared to the 14 patients with a continent stoma or a native urethra [19.2 (2-29.3]; P = .04 and 3.15(0-5.4); P = .014). Regarding sexual counseling, 27 (79.4%) patients did not receive any information before surgery about possible consequences on their sexual activity, 31 (91.2%) were not asked about their sexual activity during follow-up. The mean BIS score was higher for patients with an ileal conduit (14.8) compared to patients with a continent stoma (9.7) or a native urethra (5.1; P = .002). Patients with an ileal conduit had a mean StomaQOL score of 52.56. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Optimal management should include, at least, routine assessment of sexual function prior to simple cystectomy and screening for sexual dysfunction during follow-up. Strengths and limitations The main strength of this study lies in the use of validated standardized questionnaires, including the FSFI that is considered as the most relevant tool for assessing female sexual function. Limitations include the small number of patients and the potential memory bias. CONCLUSION The present study suggests the urinary diversion mode has an impact on sexual function and body image after cystectomy for benign condition. Louar M, Morel-Journel N, Ruffion A, et al. Female Sexual Function and Body Image After Urinary Diversion for Benign Conditions. J Sex Med 2022;19:263-269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Louar
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospital Lyon-Sud, Department of Urology, Pierre-Bénite France
| | - Nicolas Morel-Journel
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospital Lyon-Sud, Department of Urology, Pierre-Bénite France
| | - Alain Ruffion
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospital Lyon-Sud, Department of Urology, Pierre-Bénite France
| | - Damien Carnicelli
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospital Lyon-Sud, Department of Urology, Pierre-Bénite France
| | - Paul Neuville
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hospital Lyon-Sud, Department of Urology, Pierre-Bénite France.
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Borghi C, Manservigi M, Milandri ES, Ippolito C, Greco P, Dell'Atti L. The impact of orthotopic reconstruction on female sexuality and quality of life after radical cystectomy for non-malignant bladder conditions. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2021; 93:255-261. [PMID: 34839630 DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2021.3.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature on the impact on female quality of life and sexual function of orthotopic reconstruction after radical cystectomy for non-malignant bladder conditions. Radical cystectomy is commonly required to treat malignant conditions but may also be considered for the treatment of non-malignant diseases. These heterogeneous group of disorders includes interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome, neurogenic bladder, haemorrhagic/ radiation cystitis, endometriosis and refractory genitourinary fistula. Treatment begins with non-invasive medical therapies but, in non-responder cases, a surgical solution should be considered. Such invasive techniques include urinary diversion and reconstructive procedures that have an impact on healthrelated quality of life, physical, social, and mental status. MATERIALS AND METHODS This narrative review research was done using the PubMed database up until 2020, July. All papers referring to cystectomy for benign indication were considered. RESULTS In comparison to other reconstructive options, orthotopic neobladder allows the restoration of a normal self-image and consequently it is the most suitable procedure when a surgical reconstruction is necessary for non-malignant conditions. However, women can face many disorders that impact on everyday life, such as voiding dysfunction or sexual activity problems. CONCLUSIONS Scant data is available about quality of life, sexual life and self-perception in women treated by cystectomy for benign conditions and most literature is dedicated to those indicators in cancer patients. More research is needed to understand the tolerability and the quality of life results of the female population affected by benign conditions undergoing this kind of surgical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Borghi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Anna, University of Ferrara, Cona (Ferrara).
| | - Margherita Manservigi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Anna, University of Ferrara, Cona (Ferrara).
| | - Elena Sofia Milandri
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Anna, University of Ferrara, Cona (Ferrara).
| | - Carmelo Ippolito
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Anna, University of Ferrara, Cona (Ferrara).
| | - Pantaleo Greco
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant'Anna, University of Ferrara, Cona (Ferrara).
| | - Lucio Dell'Atti
- Division of Urology, Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, University Hospital "Ospedali Riuniti" School of Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona.
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Sabiote L, Llorens E, Quiroz Y, Sierra L, Palou J, Bujons A. Is Onabotulinum Toxin-A Combined Injection in the Bowel Patch and the Bladder Remnant a Safe Alternative to Bladder Re-Augmentation? Urology 2021; 157:227-232. [PMID: 33848531 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess both the safety and efficacy, in terms of symptomatic improvement, of botulinum toxin injections distributed in the bowel patch and the bladder remnant of failed augmented bladders. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study was performed on patients with augmented bladders who had presented with clinical and/or urodynamic failure and had received an onabotulinum1 toxin-A (BTX-A) injection at both the bowel and the bladder level due to refractoriness to oral treatment. The primary variable tested was safety, which was assessed by analysing the adverse effects according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Subjective improvement was assessed by means of the Treatment Benefit Scale (TBS) as a secondary variable. RESULTS Eight patients who underwent a total of 23 procedures were analysed. The mean age at first injection was 23 years. The mean interval between bladder augmentation and first BTX-A injection was 65.11 months. The mean interval between BTX-A injections was 11.6 months. No adverse effects due to systemic absorption were recorded. The only postoperative complication was an afebrile urinary infection (Clavien-Dindo 2) in 2 out of 23 procedures (8.7%). Eighty-six percent (19/22) of the procedures yielded a symptomatic benefit (TBS 1 and 2). CONCLUSION Injection of onabotulinum toxin-A in both the bowel patch and the bladder remnant appears to be a safe and efficient technique for the symptomatic treatment of patients with bladder augmentation who have shown clinical and/or urodynamic failure in response to a conservative treatment. This procedure allows bladder re-augmentation to be delayed or even avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sabiote
- Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Y Quiroz
- Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Sierra
- Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Palou
- Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Bujons
- Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
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Tricard T, Humbert C, Rebel S. [Augmentation cystoplasty: Perioperative management for urologic nurses]. Prog Urol 2019; 29:917-921. [PMID: 31611156 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) is a surgical option to restore a good capacity bladder reservoir able to fill at low pressure. METHODS The authors present the main principles for perioperative management for urologic nurses. RESULTS AC is usually made with a piece of ileum patched to the bladder. Patient education programs are very important and are usually managed by urologic nurses. It begins in preoperative phase with the self-catheterization learning and continue in the postoperative phase with advises and prevention of the urinary mucus. CONCLUSION AC are tricky surgeries but management and education of patients by urological nurses are key points to avoid chronic infection, stones or AC perforation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tricard
- Service de chirurgie urologique, nouvel hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - C Humbert
- Département d'urologie, hôpital Rangueil, 1, avenue du professeur Jean-Poulhès, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - S Rebel
- Service de chirurgie urologique, nouvel hôpital civil, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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Michel F, Ciceron C, Bernuz B, Boissier R, Gaillet S, Even A, Chartier-Kastler E, Denys P, Gamé X, Ruffion A, Normand LL, Perrouin-Verbe B, Saussine C, Manunta A, Forin V, De Seze M, Grise P, Tournebise H, Schurch B, Karsenty G. Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection After Failure of Augmentation Enterocystoplasty Performed for Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity: Preliminary Results of a Salvage Strategy. The ENTEROTOX Study. Urology 2019; 129:43-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Perrouin-Verbe MA, Léon P, Denys P, Mongiat-Artus P, Chartier-Kastler E, Phé V. Long-term functional outcomes of augmentation cystoplasty in adult spina bifida patients: A single-center experience in a multidisciplinary team. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 38:330-337. [PMID: 30350892 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report the very long-term functional outcomes of augmentation cystoplasty (AC) in adult spina bifida patients. METHODS All consecutive adult spina bifida patients who underwent AC between 1991 and 2008 were enrolled. Early postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo classification) and long-term outcomes (voiding modalities, urodynamic parameters, renal function, continence, and quality of life) were assessed. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients with a median age of 20 years (IQR 17-25) were included. They all underwent AC with a supratrigonal cystectomy (SC). The median follow-up was 13.6 years (IQR 6-16.5). Thirteen early postoperative complications (12 grade I-II, 1 grade III) were observed in 11 patients (39%). Eight patients (29%) had upper urinary tract infections managed with antibiotics, with 2 patients requiring ureteral stents. Bladder stones occurred in 2 patients (7%) and were managed with endoscopy and cystostomy. One bladder perforation was reported. One bladder cancer was observed 26 years after surgery. Creatinine clearance and all urodynamic parameters were significantly improved post-operatively. The overall complication and reoperation rates were 57% and 14%, respectively. At last follow up, the continence rate was 71% (n = 20), with 93% (n = 26) performing intermittent self-catheterization. Quality of life was improved for 71% of patients. CONCLUSION In adult spina bifida population, AC is a high-risk procedure with an overall complication rate of 57% and a reoperation rate of 14%. However, AC is beneficial to the overall health of the patients since it provides a satisfying continence rate, an improvement of quality of life, and long-term protection of the upper urinary tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aimée Perrouin-Verbe
- Pitié-Salpétrière Academic Hospital, Department of Urology, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Priscilla Léon
- Pitié-Salpétrière Academic Hospital, Department of Urology, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Denys
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France
| | | | - Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler
- Pitié-Salpétrière Academic Hospital, Department of Urology, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Phé
- Pitié-Salpétrière Academic Hospital, Department of Urology, Sorbonne University, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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Gor RA, Elliott SP. Surgical Management of Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. Urol Clin North Am 2017; 44:475-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Abstract
Neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to spinal cord injury poses a significant threat to the well-being of patients. Incontinence, renal impairment, urinary tract infection, stones, and poor quality of life are some complications of this condition. The majority of patients will require management to ensure low pressure reservoir function of the bladder, complete emptying, and dryness. Management typically begins with anticholinergic medications and clean intermittent catheterization. Patients who fail this treatment because of inefficacy or intolerability are candidates for a spectrum of more invasive procedures. Endoscopic managements to relieve the bladder outlet resistance include sphincterotomy, botulinum toxin injection, and stent insertion. In contrast, patients with incompetent sphincters are candidates for transobturator tape insertion, sling surgery, or artificial sphincter implantation. Coordinated bladder emptying is possible with neuromodulation in selected patients. Bladder augmentation, usually with an intestinal segment, and urinary diversion are the last resort. Tissue engineering is promising in experimental settings; however, its role in clinical bladder management is still evolving. In this review, we summarize the current literature pertaining to the pathology and management of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Al Taweel
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raouf Seyam
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Schurch B, Tawadros C, Carda S. Dysfunction of lower urinary tract in patients with spinal cord injury. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2015; 130:247-67. [PMID: 26003248 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63247-0.00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, the mortality for urorenal cause in patients with spinal cord injuries (SCI) has decreased from over 75% to 2.3%, as a result of dramatic improvements in the diagnosis and management of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). The aims of this chapter are to assess the physiopathology of upper and lower motor neuron lesion on bladder and sphincter function after SCI, to give an overview of required clinical and instrumental examination and to discuss treatment modalities. Videourodynamic examination plays a key role in the assessment and follow-up of LUTD in SCI patients, in conjunction with neurophysiological and radiological examinations. The cornerstone of bladder management in SCI is clean intermittent self-catheterization, but often other treatments are needed to achieve full continence, to reduce infections and stone formation, to protect the upper urinary tract from excessive bladder pressure, and to prevent chronic renal failure. Treatments may be pharmacologic (i.e., anticholinergic drugs and botulinum toxin) or surgical (by enterocystoplasty or urinary diversion). In selected cases, neuromodulation and sacral root stimulation can be used to reduce detrusor overactivity and empty the bladder. Management of LUTD in SCI patients requires a deep knowledge of spinal cord medicine and functioning of patients with neurologic disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Schurch
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Cécile Tawadros
- Urology Service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Carda
- Neuropsychology and Neurorehabilitation Service, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Kramer MW, von Klot CA, Kabbani M, Kabbani AR, Tezval H, Peters I, Herrmann TRW, Kuczyk MA, Merseburger AS. Long-term bowel disorders following radial cystectomy: an underestimated issue? World J Urol 2015; 33:1373-80. [PMID: 25552205 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-014-1466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients after radical cystectomy (RC) frequently complain about bowel disorders (BDs). Reports addressing related long-term complications are sparse. This cross-sectional study assessed changes in bowel habits (BH) after RC. METHODS A total of 89 patients with a minimum follow-up ≥1 year after surgery were evaluated with a questionnaire. Patients with BD prior to surgery were excluded. Symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, bloating/flatulence, incomplete defecation, uncontrolled stool loss, and impact on quality of life (QoL) were assessed. RESULTS A total of 46.1 % of patients reported changes in BH; however, only 25.8 % reported experiencing related dissatisfaction. Primary causes of dissatisfaction were diarrhea and uncontrolled stool loss. The most common complaints were bloating/flatulence and the feeling of incomplete defecation, but these symptoms did not necessarily lead to dissatisfaction or impairment in quality of life. No difference was identified between an orthotopic neobladder and ileal conduit, and even patients without bowel surgery were affected. QoL, health status, and energy level were significantly decreased in unsatisfied patients. CONCLUSIONS About 25 % of patients complain about BDs after RC. More prospective studies assessing symptoms, comorbidities, and dietary habits are necessary to address this issue and to identify strategies for follow-up recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario W Kramer
- Department of Urology and Urologic-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph A von Klot
- Department of Urology and Urologic-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mohammad Kabbani
- Department of Urology and Urologic-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdul-Rahman Kabbani
- Department of Urology and Urologic-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hossein Tezval
- Department of Urology and Urologic-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Peters
- Department of Urology and Urologic-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas R W Herrmann
- Department of Urology and Urologic-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus A Kuczyk
- Department of Urology and Urologic-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel S Merseburger
- Department of Urology and Urologic-Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Krebs J, Bartel P, Pannek J. Functional outcome of supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation ileocystoplasty in adult patients with refractory neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 35:260-6. [PMID: 25524480 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the functional outcome after supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation ileocystoplasty in adult patients with refractory neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). METHODS Retrospective follow-up investigation in a single spinal cord injury rehabilitation center. In 29 patients, urodynamic data before and after supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation ileocystoplasty, clinical outcome and post-operative complications were evaluated. RESULTS The median age of the 29 patients at the time of surgery was 31 years, a median 14 years after NLUTD had occurred. At the last follow-up visit (median 2.4, range 0.4-9.0 years post-operatively), 20/29 patients (69%) were continent compared to 2/29 pre-operatively (P = 0.001). Furthermore, 16 patients required no or less detrusor relaxation therapy after augmentation ileocystoplasty. Augmentation cystoplasty resulted in a significant (P = 0.001) increase in the median bladder capacity (from 240 ml to 500 ml) and compliance (from 13 ml/cm H2 O to 50 ml/cm H2 O). The median maximum detrusor pressure had decreased significantly (P = 0.001) from 38 cm H2 O to 15 cm H2 O. Significantly (P = 0.001) fewer patients presented with a risk for renal damage (1 vs. 15 with maximum detrusor pressure >40 cm H2 O and 1 vs. 12 with detrusor compliance <20 ml/cm H2 O) at the last follow-up. The following complications were observed in 11/29 (38%) patients: paralytic and obstructive ileus, impaired bowel function, bladder stones, dehiscence, metabolic acidosis and autonomic dysreflexia. CONCLUSIONS Protection of renal function, adequate bladder capacity and low detrusor pressure can be achieved using supratrigonal cystectomy and augmentation ileocystoplasty in patients suffering from refractory NLUTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Krebs
- Clinical Trial Unit, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Peter Bartel
- Neurourology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Pannek
- Neurourology, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland
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Linder BJ, Tarrell RF, Boorjian SA. Cystectomy for Refractory Hemorrhagic Cystitis: Contemporary Etiology, Presentation and Outcomes. J Urol 2014; 192:1687-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert F. Tarrell
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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18
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Oral mucosa stem cells alleviates spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder symptoms in rats. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:43. [PMID: 24884998 PMCID: PMC4028106 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-21-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) deteriorates various physical functions, in particular, bladder problems occur as a result of damage to the spinal cord. Stem cell therapy for SCI has been focused as the new strategy to treat the injuries and to restore the lost functions. The oral mucosa cells are considered as the stem cells-like progenitor cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of oral mucosa stem cells on the SCI-induced neurogenic bladder in relation with apoptotic neuronal cell death and cell proliferation. Results The contraction pressure and the contraction time in the urinary bladder were increased after induction of SCI, in contrast, transplantation of the oral mucosa stem cells decreased the contraction pressure and the contraction time in the SCI-induced rats. Induction of SCI initiated apoptosis in the spinal cord tissues, whereas treatment with the oral mucosa stem cells suppressed the SCI-induced apoptosis. Disrupted spinal cord by SCI was improved by transplantation of the oral mucosa stem cells, and new tissues were increased around the damaged tissues. In addition, transplantation of the oral mucosa stem cells suppressed SCI-induced neuronal activation in the voiding centers. Conclusions Transplantation of oral mucosa stem cells ameliorates the SCI-induced neurogenic bladder symptoms by inhibiting apoptosis and by enhancing cell proliferation. As the results, SCI-induced neuronal activation in the neuronal voiding centers was suppressed, showing the normalization of voiding function.
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Johnson EU, Singh G. Long-term outcomes of urinary tract reconstruction in patients with neurogenic urinary tract dysfunction. Indian J Urol 2013; 29:328-37. [PMID: 24235796 PMCID: PMC3822350 DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.120116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of specialized spinal units and better understanding of the pathophysiology of neurogenic urinary tract dysfunction has made long-term survival of these patients a reality. This has, in turn, led to an increase in quality and choice of management modalities offered to these patients including complex anatomic urinary tract reconstructive procedures tailored to the unique needs of each individual with variable outcomes. We performed a literature review evaluating the long-term outcomes of these reconstructive procedures. To achieve this, we conducted a world-wide electronic literature search of long-term outcomes published in English. As the premise of this review is long-term outcomes, we have focused on pathologies where evidence of long-term outcome is available such as patients with spinal injuries and spina bifida. Therapeutic success following urinary tract reconstruction is usually measured by preservation of renal function, improvement in quality-of-life, the satisfactory achievement of agreed outcomes and the prevention of serious complications. Prognostic factors include neuropathic detrusor overactivity; sphincter dyssynergia; bladder over distension; high pressure storage and high leak point pressures; vesicoureteric reflex, stone formation and urinary tract infections. Although, the past decade has witnessed a reduction in the total number of bladder reconstructive surgeries in the UK, these procedures are essentially safe and effective; but require long-term clinical and functional follow-up/monitoring. Until tissue engineering and gene therapy becomes more mainstream, we feel there is still a place for urinary tract reconstruction in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- E U Johnson
- Department of urology, Southport Hospital, Merseyside, Southport Regional Spinal Injuries Unit, Merseyside, PR8 2JA, UK
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Cohn JA, Large MC, Richards KA, Steinberg GD, Bales GT. Cystectomy and urinary diversion as management of treatment-refractory benign disease: The impact of preoperative urological conditions on perioperative outcomes. Int J Urol 2013; 21:382-6. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Cohn
- Section of Urology; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Kyle A Richards
- Section of Urology; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Gregory T Bales
- Section of Urology; University of Chicago; Chicago Illinois USA
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Traitement chirurgical de dernier recours en cas de cystite radique après radiothérapie externe du cancer de la prostate : analyse monocentrique. Cancer Radiother 2013; 17:282-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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