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Ao L, Cheng X, An D, An Y, Yuan G. Relationship between Perceived Family Resilience, Emotional Flexibility, and Anxiety Symptoms: a Parent-Adolescent Dyadic Perspective. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02083-7. [PMID: 39289211 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Family resilience is crucial for individual's psychological health. Previous studies explored the protective factors of anxiety at the individual level, with less attention paid to the impact of family interaction from a dyadic perspective. This study utilized the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model to investigate the relationship between family resilience, emotional flexibility, and anxiety symptoms. A sample of 2144 Chinese parent-adolescent dyads (36% upper grades of primary school, 64% secondary school, 49.39% girls; 70.38% mothers) was recruited. Perceived family resilience was inversely related to anxiety symptoms, directly or indirectly, through the mediation of emotional flexibility at the individual level. At the dyadic level, adolescents' perceived family resilience was significantly associated with parents' anxiety symptoms through their own or parents' emotional flexibility. Parents' perceived family resilience was inversely link to adolescents' anxiety symptoms through parents' emotional flexibility. Parents emotional flexibility also mediated the association between adolescents' perceived family resilience and their anxiety symptoms. These findings contribute to understanding the intricate dynamics of family resilience and psychological outcomes in parent-child relationships under adversity, emphasizing the need for child-centered interventions to improve family members' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ao
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Di An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan An
- School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Guangzhe Yuan
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- School of Education Science, Leshan Normal University, Leshan, PR China
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Fu ZW, Wang KL, Du NY, Li YJ, Duan JJ, Zhao SX. Comparative study on emotional behavior and parental job stress of only-child and non-only-child preschool children. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:4642-4651. [PMID: 39070806 PMCID: PMC11235493 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i21.4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have revealed that Children's psychological, behavioral, and emotional problems are easily influenced by the family environment. In recent years, the family structure in China has undergone significant changes, with more families having two or three children. AIM To explore the relationship between emotional behavior and parental job stress in only preschool and non-only preschool children. METHODS Children aged 3-6 in kindergartens in four main urban areas of Shijiazhuang were selected by stratified sampling for a questionnaire and divided into only and non-only child groups. Their emotional behaviors and parental pressure were compared. Only and non-only children were paired in a 1:1 ratio by class and age (difference less than or equal to 6 months), and the matched data were compared. The relationship between children's emotional behavior and parents' job stress before and after matching was analyzed. RESULTS Before matching, the mother's occupation, children's personality characteristics, and children's rearing patterns differed between the groups (P < 0.05). After matching 550 pairs, differences in the children's parenting styles remained. There were significant differences in children's gender and parents' attitudes toward children between the two groups. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores of children in the only child group and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) scores of parents were significantly lower than those in the non-only child group (P < 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that after matching, there was a positive correlation between children's parenting style and parents' attitudes toward their children (r = 0.096, P < 0.01), and the PSI-SF score was positively correlated with children's gender, parents' attitudes toward their children, and SDQ scores (r = 0.077, 0.193, 0.172, 0.222). CONCLUSION Preschool children's emotional behavior and parental pressure were significantly higher in multi-child families. Parental pressure in differently structured families was associated with many factors, and preschool children's emotional behavior was positively correlated with parental pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Fu
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Kai-Li Wang
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Ning-Yu Du
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yue-Jing Li
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Duan
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sheng-Xia Zhao
- Department of Children's Health, Shijiazhuang Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
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Baiden P, Vazquez CE, LaBrenz CA, Brown FA. Family resilience mediates exposure to adverse childhood experiences on insufficient sleep among children: findings from a population-based study. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1281599. [PMID: 38993324 PMCID: PMC11236677 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1281599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep plays a vital role in the well-being of children and adolescents. Researchers have identified adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) as an important factor associated with poor sleep among adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the mediating role of family resilience on the association between ACEs and insufficient sleep among adolescents in the United States. Methods Data for this study came from the 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 28,097). The outcome variable in this study was insufficient sleep, and the main explanatory variable was exposure to ACEs. The mediating variable was family resilience. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results Based on parent reports, one in five (22.4%) adolescents did not meet the recommended sleep hours on an average night. About half of the adolescents had no ACEs, 24.2% had one ACE, and 14.6% had three or more ACEs. Controlling for the effect of other factors and family resilience, the odds of having insufficient sleep were 1.63 times higher for children exposed to three or more ACEs (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.30-2.05). Family resilience partially mediates the association between exposure to ACEs and insufficient sleep. Each additional increase in family resilience decreased the odds of having insufficient sleep by a factor of 12% (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.86-0.91). Conclusions Family resilience partially mediated exposure to ACEs on insufficient sleep. There are modifiable factors that may improve sleep outcomes among adolescents who have been exposed to adversity. Future research can help elucidate findings and establish the directionality of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Christian E. Vazquez
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Catherine A. LaBrenz
- School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Fawn A. Brown
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
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Tripon C. Nurturing Sustainable Development: The Interplay of Parenting Styles and SDGs in Children's Development. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:695. [PMID: 38929274 PMCID: PMC11201773 DOI: 10.3390/children11060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This study delves into the dynamics of parenting styles and their impact on the cognitive and social-affective development of children within diverse family populations, contextualized within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Drawing from a sample population comprising families from various socio-economic backgrounds and cultural contexts, the research explores the nuanced interactions between parenting approaches-ranging from authoritarian/permissive to democratic-and children's developmental trajectories. By examining families with different numbers of children, this study elucidates the differential effects of parenting styles on cognitive adaptability and social-emotional skills across varying family structures. Democratic parenting emerges as a critical factor in promoting children's well-being, equitable access to education, and the fostering of peaceful societies, aligning with SDGs 3, 4, and 16. Furthermore, the research addresses disparities in child development outcomes, shedding light on issues of gender equality (SDG 5) and reduced inequalities (SDG 10) within the context of family dynamics. Through a comprehensive analysis of diverse family populations, this study underscores the significance of inclusive and nurturing parenting practices in advancing sustainable development objectives, advocating for collaborative efforts (SDG 17) to support families in fostering optimal child development outcomes for all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Tripon
- Teacher Training and Social Sciences Department, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
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Zhu J, Xiang S, Li Y. Mothers' Perceived Co-Parenting and Preschooler's Problem Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Maternal Parenting Stress and the Moderating Role of Family Resilience. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:891-904. [PMID: 38476351 PMCID: PMC10929244 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s451870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Problem behaviors in preschoolers signals social adjustment challenges. This study investigates the mediating role of parenting stress in the relationship between co-parenting and these behaviors, and examines how family resilience impacts this dynamic. Methods A detailed survey was conducted with 1279 mothers of 3-6-year-olds in Shanghai, China, focusing on co-parenting, family resilience, parenting stress, and children's behaviors. We employed SPSS 26 for initial tests and the Hayes PROCESS macro in SPSS 23.0 for advanced analysis, using bootstrap methods to assess mediation and moderation effects. Results The analysis revealed that maternal parenting stress mediates the relationship between co-parenting and children's problem behaviors. Specifically, unsupportive co-parenting or low levels of supportive co-parenting heightened maternal stress, which in turn increased children's problem behaviors. Family resilience was found to moderate this relationship, buffering the impact of unsupportive co-parenting on maternal stress. High family resilience levels were associated with lower parenting stress, regardless of co-parenting quality. Conclusion These findings highlight the importance of enhancing family resilience and supportive co-parenting to mitigate parenting stress and reduce problem behaviors in children. It has practical implications for developing family-centred interventions and policies to strengthen family resilience and co-parenting skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuhui Xiang
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Early Childhood Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Hughes PM, Graaf G, deJong NA, Thomas KC. Emotional Support Among Parents of Children With Adverse Childhood Experiences. J Pediatr Health Care 2023; 37:557-565. [PMID: 37245128 PMCID: PMC10524602 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assess the association between a child's exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the parent's current experiences of emotional support. METHOD This study used pooled cross-sectional data from the National Survey of Children's Health (N = 129,988). Emotional support for the parent was classified by the presence (any emotional support, no emotional support) and type (any formal support or only informal support). All models were adjusted for relevant predisposing, enabling, and need factors. RESULTS Having two or more ACEs was associated with a higher probability of any emotional support (average marginal effect = 0.017; 95% confidence interval = 0.002-0.032) and a higher probability of formal support (average marginal effect = 0.049; 95% confidence interval = 0.028-0.069). Several individual ACEs were associated with the presence and type of emotional support. DISCUSSION Parents of children with higher ACEs are likelier to have emotional support, especially formal support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Hughes
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- Division of Research, UNC Health Sciences at MAHEC, Asheville, NC
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Genevive Graaf
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX
| | - Neal A. deJong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kathleen C. Thomas
- Division of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy
- Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Ling J, Kao TSA, Robbins LB, Wahman CL. Family lifestyle is related to low-income preschoolers' emotional well-being during COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2023; 36:44-54. [PMID: 36336402 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM COVID-19 has profoundly impacted children's behavioral and psychosocial development, especially young children from low-income families. This study examined how caregivers' and preschoolers' lifestyle behaviors (sleep, screen time, physical activity, eating behavior) were related to preschoolers' emotional well-being (sadness, fear, anger, and positive affect). METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, we recruited low-income caregivers from Head Start organizations and the Qualtrics panel. Participants provided consent and completed an online survey. FINDINGS A total of 408 caregivers (mean age = 31) participated: 17% Hispanic, 21% Black, 49% separated/single, 44% unemployed, and 39% with ≤high school education. After adjusting for demographics and preschoolers' lifestyle behaviors, caregivers' sleep disturbance was positively correlated with preschoolers' anger, fear, and sadness, while negatively related to positive affect. Similarly, caregivers' sleep time was positively correlated with preschoolers' sadness and negatively related to positive affect. Preschoolers' sleep time was negatively related to fear and positively related to positive affect. Likewise, preschoolers' physical activity was negatively correlated with fear, sadness, and positively correlated with positive affect. Additionally, preschoolers' fruit/vegetable intake was negatively associated with anger, fear, sadness, and positively associated with positive affect. CONCLUSIONS The identified behavior-emotion connection provides a foundation for developing family-based lifestyle interventions in promoting mental health among preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiying Ling
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Tsui-Sui Annie Kao
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Lorraine B Robbins
- Michigan State University College of Nursing, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Charis Lauren Wahman
- Department of Counseling, Educational Psychology and Special Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Zhang Y, Huang C, Yang M. Family Resilience Progress from the Perspective of Parents of Adolescents with Depression: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2564. [PMID: 36767927 PMCID: PMC9914939 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Family resilience plays an important role in the healthy family development of adolescents with depression, but few studies have explored the specific process of family resilience. This study aims to explore the dynamic processes of family resilience from parents of adolescents with depression. Data were collected from 14 Chinese parents of adolescents with depression by interpretative phenomenological analysis method. Four themes and 12 sub-themes emerged: (1) decompensation phase: (i) misinterpretations of illness, (ii) heavy psychological burden, (iii) chaotic rhythms in family; (2) launch phase: (i) potential influences of labeling, (ii) we must cure my child anyway, (iii) begin adjusting to family roles; (3) recovery phase: (i) family reflection, (ii) subsequent reorganization of family resources, (iii) ultimately establishing a new balance; (4) normality phase: (i) adaption for medical seeking process, (ii) actively lower expectations, (iii) concerns of future needs. Mental health professionals could provide targeted suggestions to help the parents achieve family resilience by assessing its different phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinying Zhang
- School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chongmei Huang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
| | - Min Yang
- Xiang Ya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
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Zhang W, Gao Y, Ye M, Zhou W, Zhou L. Family resilience and its predictors among patients with a first-ever stroke one month after stroke: a cross-sectional study. Top Stroke Rehabil 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36602132 DOI: 10.1080/10749357.2023.2165270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding post-stroke family resilience would be helpful for healthcare professionals in planning interventions to facilitate family adaptation following stroke onset. OBJECTIVE To investigate the level of family resilience and its predictors among patients with the first stroke. DESIGN An explorative cross-sectional study. METHODS The study was conducted on 288 first stroke patients recruited from 7 tertiary hospitals in China between July 2020 and October 2020, and they were followed up one month after stroke. Data were collected using the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-item Scale, shortened Chinese version of Family Resilience Assessment Scale, and the Social Support Rating Scale. The predictive variables of family resilience were investigated using hierarchical regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 255 patients finished the survey with a response rate of 88.5%. The mean score of family resilience was 96.19 (SD = 9.87), highest in the dimension of maintaining a positive outlook and lowest in utilizing social resources. Patient subjective support (β = 0.22, P = 0.004), social support utilization (β = 0.13, P = 0.027), self-efficacy for managing disease (β = 0.27, P < 0.001), marriage status (divorced vs married)(β=-0.18, P = 0.002), and caregivers' relationship with patients (siblings vs spouse)(β=-0.18, P = 0.002) were predictors of family resilience. CONCLUSION Family resilience was low among stroke patients one month after the onset. Special attention should be paid to families of patients who were divorced, cared for by siblings, or have low social support or self-efficacy in managing stroke. Further research on family-based interventions may focus on increasing patient social support and promoting their self-efficacy in managing stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yitian Gao
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Ye
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqiong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanshu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Nursing, College of Nursing, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Zhao J, Cui H, Zhou J, Zhang L. Influence of home chaos on preschool migrant children's resilience: A moderated mediation model. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1087710. [PMID: 36925592 PMCID: PMC10011079 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1087710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing attention has been drawn to the development of preschool migrant children's resilience recently. Resilience refers to the positive internal strengths and qualities of individuals in adverse situations, and is an essential psychological quality for preschool migrant children to cope with adversity. Home chaos as a risk factor, has an important impact on the development of individual's resilience, but the specific mechanisms under which home chaos works have yet to be explored, especially for preschool migrant children. Based on resilience model theory, 3,135 preschool migrant children and their families were surveyed and a moderated mediating effect mode was constructed to test the effect of home chaos on preschool migrant children's resilience. The results showed that after controlling for gender and age, home chaos significantly and negatively predicted preschool migrant children's resilience. Family resilience played a mediating role in the relationship between home chaos and preschool migrant children's resilience. Meanwhile, social support positively moderated the mediating effects of family resilience. The findings of this study suggested that low home chaos was conducive to promoting family resilience, which in turn fostered children's resilience, and that social support could play its protective role in weakening the negative effects of home chaos and this had certain guiding implications for the development of resilience in preschool migrant children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhao
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Early Childhood Education, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Thor P, Yang S, Park Y. Child Maltreatment in Asian American and Pacific Islander Families: The Roles of Economic Hardship and Parental Aggravation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON CHILD MALTREATMENT: RESEARCH, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2022; 5:295-310. [PMID: 35036852 PMCID: PMC8741585 DOI: 10.1007/s42448-021-00111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parents face various stressors in their daily lives, and their child discipline practices are likely to be affected by the stressors. Existing research suggests that parental stress is a significant contributor to child maltreatment, but more research is needed, particularly among Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) families. This study examined the relationship between economic hardship and aggravation in parenting and three types of child maltreatment (i.e., psychological aggression, physical assault, and neglect) in AAPI families through secondary data analysis of a longitudinal de-identified data set. This study analyzed a sample size of 146 AAPI children, with mothers as the primary caregiver. Economic hardship was positively associated with psychological aggression (β = 3.104, p < .01) and physical assault (β = 1.803, p < .05). Aggravation in parenting was positively associated with neglect (β = 0.884, p < .05). The findings suggest that AAPI parents are more likely to use certain child maltreatment methods when they experience specific stressors. Researchers and practitioners should consider the various stressors that AAPI families face and how other social or economic challenges can compound these stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pa Thor
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - Sejung Yang
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - Yangjin Park
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, New York, NY USA
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Grodberg D, Bridgewater J, Loo T, Bravata D. Examining the Relationship Between Pediatric Behavioral Health and Parent Productivity through a Parent-Reported Survey in the time of COVID-19: An Exploratory Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e37285. [PMID: 35616439 PMCID: PMC9390832 DOI: 10.2196/37285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric behavioral health needs skyrocketed during the COVID-19-pandemic. Parents and caregivers lacked access to well-established tools to identify risk and protective factors while also experiencing decreased access to treatment options to meet their families' behavioral health needs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of known pediatric behavioral health risk factors and parents' reports of workplace productivity. METHODS A clinical research team at Brightline-a virtual, pediatric behavioral health solution-drew on standardized instruments to create a survey designed to understand pediatric behavioral health conditions, child stress, and family resilience and connection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariable linear regression was used to characterize the relationship between these variables and parents' reports of workplace productivity. RESULTS Participants (n=361) completed the survey between October 2020 and November 2021. In the multivariable model, higher pediatric stress and time spent managing children's behavioral health needs were associated with greater productivity loss among working parents, whereas higher family connection was associated with lower productivity loss. COVID-19 diagnoses among parents and dependents, financial impact of COVID-19 on households, and family resilience were not associated with parents' workplace productivity. CONCLUSIONS This survey captured child stress, family connection, and productivity as reported by parents and caregivers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exploratory studies are the first-step in understanding the relationship between these variables. Results from this study can empower parents by providing insights to help manage their child's behavioral health concerns and identify pediatric behavioral health services to aid working parents who are caregivers. CLINICALTRIAL
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Affiliation(s)
- David Grodberg
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, US
| | | | | | - Dena Bravata
- Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, US
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Zhuo R, Yu Y, Shi X. Family Resilience and Adolescent Mental Health during COVID-19: A Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084801. [PMID: 35457666 PMCID: PMC9028193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and is still impacting people’s lives, including physical and mental health. Family plays an important role in adolescent mental health due to the long staying at home. Aims: This paper aimed to investigate the impact of family resilience on adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the mediation role of pandemic stress perception and the moderation role of meta-mood. Methods: A total of 2691 Chinese adolescents were recruited using convenient sampling. Their mental health, family resilience, pandemic stress perception and meta-mood were surveyed. Multivariate statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: Our results showed that (1) about 36.7% adolescents in our sample have some mental health problems; (2) family resilience can positively predict adolescent mental health, whereas pandemic stress perception can negatively predict mental health; (3) pandemic stress perception mediates the relationship between family resilience and adolescent mental health; (4) meta-mood moderates the relationship between family resilience and pandemic perception, i.e., the first half of the mediation role. Conclusions: Our results indicate that one can either improve family resilience or improve adolescents’ meta-mood to relieve adolescents’ mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhuo
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (R.Z.); (X.S.)
| | - Yanhua Yu
- Faculty of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
- Center for Faculty Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Xiaoxue Shi
- Department of Applied Psychology, School of Humanities, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (R.Z.); (X.S.)
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Caputi M, Forresi B, Giani L, Michelini G, Scaini S. Italian Children's Well-Being after Lockdown: Predictors of Psychopathological Symptoms in Times of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111429. [PMID: 34769947 PMCID: PMC8583178 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The first Italian lockdown imposed to fight the spread of COVID-19 caused important disruptions in families’ everyday lives. The main aim of this research was to investigate the predictors of psychopathology in children aged 5–10 years, immediately after the national 2-month lockdown. A total of 158 Italian parents (148 mothers, 10 fathers, mean age = 41 years) were recruited and asked to complete an online research concerning their 158 children (76 boys, mean age = 7.4 years). Parents completed questionnaires on parent–child conflict, resilience, temperament, behavior, and previous adverse childhood experiences. Hierarchical regressions showed that children’s psychopathology was predicted by low child resilience, high novelty seeking and harm avoidance, adverse experiences, and high flooding levels. Moreover, girls exposed to adverse experiences appeared more vulnerable to psychopathology. The recruitment of a convenience sample, the small sample size, and the cross-sectional design of our study limit the generalizability and interpretation of the present findings. Nonetheless, this research extends our knowledge of children’s functioning in such an exceptional period. Shedding light on predictors of children’s psychopathology following prolonged quarantine can indeed guide effective psychological interventions now and in future similar situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Caputi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via E. Weiss 21, 34128 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Forresi
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (B.F.); (L.G.); (G.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Ludovica Giani
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (B.F.); (L.G.); (G.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Giovanni Michelini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (B.F.); (L.G.); (G.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Simona Scaini
- Child and Youth Lab, Sigmund Freud University of Milan, Via Ripa di Porta Ticinese 77, 20143 Milan, Italy; (B.F.); (L.G.); (G.M.); (S.S.)
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Dong C, Wu Q, Pan Y, Yan Q, Xu R, Zhang R. Family Resilience and Its Association with Psychosocial Adjustment of Children with Chronic Illness: A Latent Profile Analysis. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 60:e6-e12. [PMID: 33622641 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of family resilience in a sample of Chinese families with children diagnosed with chronic illness using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). In particular, we examined the association of family resilience profiles with the psychosocial adjustment of children, and identified the socio-demographic correlates of these latent profiles. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at comprehensive hospitals and children hospitals in three cities (Hangzhou, Ningbo and Wenzhou) of Zhejiang province, China. Parents (n = 277) of children diagnosed with a chronic illness completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Chinese version of the family resilience assessment scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS A three-class solution was found to demonstrate the best fit [low family resilience (74.7%), moderate family resilience (14.1%), and high family resilience (11.2%)]. One-way ANOVA revealed significant differences between the three groups with respect to peer relationship problems and pro-social behaviors of children. On multinomial logistic regression analysis, the type of childhood chronic disease, time since diagnosis, family monthly income, medical insurance, and parents employment status significantly predicted the profile membership. CONCLUSION Inadequate family resilience was found to be a common phenomenon in families with children affected by chronic illness. Family resilience profiles were associated with psychological adjustment of children. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Our findings may help inform tailored family-strength based interventions to promote better psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China.
| | - Qianhui Wu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Yinzhu Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Qiaoyi Yan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ru Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
| | - Ruikang Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, China
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Qiu Y, Xu L, Pan Y, He C, Huang Y, Xu H, Lu Z, Dong C. Family Resilience, Parenting Styles and Psychosocial Adjustment of Children With Chronic Illness: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:646421. [PMID: 34054605 PMCID: PMC8149598 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.646421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the level of parent-reported family resilience, parenting styles and psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness and to identify the relationships between family resilience, parenting styles and psychosocial adjustment in families with children with chronic illness. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2019 and August 2019. A total of 236 parents of children with chronic illness and 98 parents with healthy children were recruited from general hospitals by convenience sampling. A parent completed the Chinese Family Resilience Assessment Scale, the Parenting Rearing Patterns Questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Family resilience, parenting styles, and psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness were compared with those of healthy children. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was performed to explore the mediation effect of parenting styles between family resilience and psychosocial adjustment among children with chronic illness. Results: Parents of children with chronic illness reported lower level of family resilience and authoritative parenting, but more peer relationship problems compared to parents of healthy children. SEM showed that authoritative parenting fully mediated the relationship between family resilience and psychosocial adjustment of children with chronic illness. Conclusion: Childhood chronic illness reduces family resilience, authoritative parenting and children's psychosocial adjustment, but authoritative parenting mediated these effects, so authoritative parenting may be important for family resilience in families of children with chronic illness. Pediatric clinicians and nurses should provide family-centered interventions, as well as parenting training, to improve children's psychosocial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Qiu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yinzhu Pan
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chunlei He
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huan Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongqiu Lu
- Emergency Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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17
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Measuring resilience in children: a review of recent literature and recommendations for future research. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2021; 34:10-21. [PMID: 33105167 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Understanding variability in developmental outcomes following exposure to early life adversity (ELA) has been an area of increasing interest in psychiatry, as resilient outcomes are just as prevalent as negative ones. However, resilient individuals are understudied in most cohorts and even when studied, resilience is typically defined as an absence of psychopathology. This review examines current approaches to resilience and proposes more comprehensive and objective ways of defining resilience. RECENT FINDINGS Of the 36 studies reviewed, the most commonly used measure was the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (n = 6), followed by the Child Behavior Checklist (n = 5), the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (n = 5), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (n = 4), and the Child and Youth Resilience Scale (n = 3). SUMMARY This review reveals that studies tend to rely on self-report methods to capture resilience which poses some challenges. We propose a complementary measure of child resilience that relies on more proactive behavioral and observational indicators; some of our preliminary findings are presented. Additionally, concerns about the way ELA is characterized as well as the influence of genetics on resilient outcomes prompts further considerations about how to proceed with resiliency research.
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Mao S, Lu H, Zhang Y, Yu J, Li X, Peng J, Liang Y. Evaluation of Psychosocial Pathways to Family Adaptation of Chinese Patients With Liver Cancer Using the McCubbin's Family Resilience Model. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:703137. [PMID: 34975555 PMCID: PMC8717998 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.703137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: With the prolonged survival time of patients with liver cancer, these families may face tremendous pressure and development dilemmas that can easily lead to family adaptation crises. Correspondingly, family adaptation crises adversely affect the quality of life of patients and family members. Basing on McCubbin's resilience model of family stress, adjustment, and adaptation, and considering the key factors affecting family resilience based on a review of literature, this study involved a construction of a family adaptation influencing factors model in Chinese liver cancer patients, which was then verified and revised. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between August and December 2020. Using convenience sampling, we selected 265 liver cancer families from the liver tumor center of a teaching hospital affiliated with a university in Shanghai, China. Data from 252 patients with liver cancer and their caregivers were used to identify the factors and pathways associated with family adaptation. The relationships were modeled using structural equations. Results: A total of 265 liver cancer families participated in the survey, and 252 valid questionnaires were returned, with a response rate of 95.09%. The pathway regression coefficients of six factors (family burden, individual resilience, family problem-solving and coping, inner family support, outer family social support, and family function) in the model were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05), indicating that all of them were significantly associated with family adaptation. Among them, inner family support, outer family social support, and family function were direct influencing factors, while the others were indirect. The path coefficients of the total effect of the determinants on family adaptation were as follows (from largest to smallest): individual resilience (0.562), family function (0.483), outer family social support (0.345), family burden (-0.300), inner family support (0.293), family problem-solving and coping (0.127). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that clinical nurses should not only pay particular attention to direct influencing factors, develop strategies to strengthen the overall family function, encourage patients and caregivers to utilize inner family and outer family social support, but should also consider indirect influence factors, focus on the vital role of the individual, and promote patients' and caregivers' personal and family coping ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirou Mao
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijuan Lu
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Yu
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Peng
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Nursing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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