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Mota B, Brás AR, Araújo-Andrade L, Silva A, Pereira PA, Madeira MD, Cardoso A. High-Caloric Diets in Adolescence Impair Specific GABAergic Subpopulations, Neurogenesis, and Alter Astrocyte Morphology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5524. [PMID: 38791562 PMCID: PMC11122083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of two different high-caloric diets administered to 4-week-old rats for 12 weeks: a diet rich in sugar (30% sucrose) and a cafeteria diet rich in sugar and high-fat foods. We focused on the hippocampus, particularly on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system, including the Ca2+-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV), calretinin (CR), calbindin (CB), and the neuropeptides somatostatin (SST) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). We also analyzed the density of cholinergic varicosities, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), reelin (RELN), and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK-5) mRNA levels, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression. The cafeteria diet reduced PV-positive neurons in the granular layer, hilus, and CA1, as well as NPY-positive neurons in the hilus, without altering other GABAergic populations or overall GABA levels. The high-sugar diet induced a decrease in the number of PV-positive cells in CA3 and an increase in CB-positive cells in the hilus and CA1. No alterations were observed in the cholinergic varicosities. The cafeteria diet also reduced the relative mRNA expression of RELN without significant changes in BDNF and CDK5 levels. The cafeteria diet increased the number but reduced the length of the astrocyte processes. These data highlight the significance of determining the mechanisms mediating the observed effects of these diets and imply that the cognitive impairments previously found might be related to both the neuroinflammation process and the reduction in PV, NPY, and RELN expression in the hippocampal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Mota
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Brás
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
| | - Leonardo Araújo-Andrade
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro A. Pereira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Dulce Madeira
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Cardoso
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (B.M.)
- NeuroGen Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
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Anderson T, Sharma S, Kelberman MA, Ware C, Guo N, Qin Z, Weinshenker D, Parent MB. Obesity during preclinical Alzheimer's disease development exacerbates brain metabolic decline. J Neurochem 2024; 168:801-821. [PMID: 37391269 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Obesity in middle age increases AD risk and severity, which is alarming given that obesity prevalence peaks at middle age and obesity rates are accelerating worldwide. Midlife, but not late-life obesity increases AD risk, suggesting that this interaction is specific to preclinical AD. AD pathology begins in middle age, with accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau, metabolic decline, and neuroinflammation occurring decades before cognitive symptoms appear. We used a transcriptomic discovery approach in young adult (6.5 months old) male and female TgF344-AD rats that overexpress mutant human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 and wild-type (WT) controls to determine whether inducing obesity with a high-fat/high-sugar "Western" diet during preclinical AD increases brain metabolic dysfunction in dorsal hippocampus (dHC), a brain region vulnerable to the effects of obesity and early AD. Analyses of dHC gene expression data showed dysregulated mitochondrial and neurotransmission pathways, and up-regulated genes involved in cholesterol synthesis. Western diet amplified the number of genes that were different between AD and WT rats and added pathways involved in noradrenergic signaling, dysregulated inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, and decreased intracellular lipid transporters. Importantly, the Western diet impaired dHC-dependent spatial working memory in AD but not WT rats, confirming that the dietary intervention accelerated cognitive decline. To examine later consequences of early transcriptional dysregulation, we measured dHC monoamine levels in older (13 months old) AD and WT rats of both sexes after long-term chow or Western diet consumption. Norepinephrine (NE) abundance was significantly decreased in AD rats, NE turnover was increased, and the Western diet attenuated the AD-induced increases in turnover. Collectively, these findings indicate obesity during prodromal AD impairs memory, potentiates AD-induced metabolic decline likely leading to an overproduction of cholesterol, and interferes with compensatory increases in NE transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Anderson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sumeet Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael A Kelberman
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher Ware
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nanxi Guo
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Georgia, USA
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Parent MB, Higgs S, Cheke LG, Kanoski SE. Memory and eating: A bidirectional relationship implicated in obesity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 132:110-129. [PMID: 34813827 PMCID: PMC8816841 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews evidence demonstrating a bidirectional relationship between memory and eating in humans and rodents. In humans, amnesia is associated with impaired processing of hunger and satiety cues, disrupted memory of recent meals, and overconsumption. In healthy participants, meal-related memory limits subsequent ingestive behavior and obesity is associated with impaired memory and disturbances in the hippocampus. Evidence from rodents suggests that dorsal hippocampal neural activity contributes to the ability of meal-related memory to control future intake, that endocrine and neuropeptide systems act in the ventral hippocampus to provide cues regarding energy status and regulate learned aspects of eating, and that consumption of hypercaloric diets and obesity disrupt these processes. Collectively, this evidence indicates that diet-induced obesity may be caused and/or maintained, at least in part, by a vicious cycle wherein excess intake disrupts hippocampal functioning, which further increases intake. This perspective may advance our understanding of how the brain controls eating, the neural mechanisms that contribute to eating-related disorders, and identify how to treat diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, United States.
| | - Suzanne Higgs
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, BI5 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucy G Cheke
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0371, United States.
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Vadini F, Simeone PG, Desideri G, Liani R, Tripaldi R, Ciotti S, Tartaro A, Guagnano MT, Di Castelnuovo A, Cipollone F, Consoli A, Santilli F. Insulin resistance and NAFLD may influence memory performance in obese patients with prediabetes or newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2685-2692. [PMID: 34226120 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes has consistently been shown to increase risk for cognitive decline. Cognitive deficits may occur at the very earliest stages of diabetes. We sought to estimate the determinants of memory function in a group of middle-aged obese subjects with prediabetes or newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixty-two obese patients in treatment with metformin-with prediabetes (n = 41) or newly diagnosed T2DM (n = 21), were studied. Short- and long-term memory function was assessed through a neuropsychological assessment consisting of two tests and a composite domain z score was calculated. Cardiometabolic variables, such as abdominal MRI quantification of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue content, and of intra-hepatocellular lipid content, as well as insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index, HOMA-IR) and beta cell performance (Beta Index), by multiple sampling, 8-point oral glucose tolerance test, were also evaluated. Age, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and lnHOMA-IR together explained 18% (R square) of the variance in memory domain. Including NAFLD increased the explained variance by 8% and including lnHOMA-IR by 9.1%, whereas the contribution of age and other factors was negligible. CONCLUSION Preventing and managing insulin resistance in precocious and possibly earlier stages of diabetes might provide benefit in slowering down future cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vadini
- Psychoinfectivology Service, Pescara General Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Paola G Simeone
- G. d Annunzio University, Department of Medicine and Aging, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovambattista Desideri
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale S. Tommasi, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rossella Liani
- G. d Annunzio University, Department of Medicine and Aging, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
| | - Romina Tripaldi
- G. d Annunzio University, Department of Medicine and Aging, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
| | - Sonia Ciotti
- G. d Annunzio University, Department of Medicine and Aging, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
| | - Armando Tartaro
- Department of Neuroscience & Imaging, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria T Guagnano
- G. d Annunzio University, Department of Medicine and Aging, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Cipollone
- G. d Annunzio University, Department of Medicine and Aging, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
| | - Agostino Consoli
- G. d Annunzio University, Department of Medicine and Aging, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Santilli
- G. d Annunzio University, Department of Medicine and Aging, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Chieti, Italy.
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Wait J, Burns C, Jones T, Harper Z, Allen E, Langley‐Evans SC, Voigt J. Early postnatal exposure to a cafeteria diet interferes with recency and spatial memory, but not open field habituation in adolescent rats. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:572-581. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Wait
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Catherine Burns
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Taylor Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Zoe Harper
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Emily Allen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | | | - Jörg‐Peter Voigt
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
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Dysregulation of protein degradation in the hippocampus is associated with impaired spatial memory during the development of obesity. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112787. [PMID: 32603798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that long-term exposure to high fat and other obesogenic diets results in insulin resistance and altered blood brain barrier permeability, dysregulation of intracellular signaling mechanisms, changes in DNA methylation levels and gene expression, and increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, all of which are associated with impaired spatial memory. The ubiquitin-proteasome system controls the majority of protein degradation in cells and is a critical regulator of synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Yet, whether protein degradation in the hippocampus becomes dysregulated following weight gain and is associated with obesity-induced memory impairments is unknown. Here, we used a high fat diet procedure in combination with behavioral and subcellular fractionation protocols and a variety of biochemical assays to determine if ubiquitin-proteasome activity becomes altered in the hippocampus during obesity development and whether this is associated with impaired spatial memory. We found that only 6 weeks of exposure to a high fat diet was sufficient to impair performance on an object location task in rats and resulted in dynamic dysregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome activity in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells in the hippocampus. Furthermore, these changes in the protein degradation process extended into cortical regions also involved in spatial memory formation. Collectively, these results indicate that weight gain-induced memory impairments may be due to altered ubiquitin-proteasome signaling that occurs during the early stages of obesity development.
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Khan MSH, Hegde V. Obesity and Diabetes Mediated Chronic Inflammation: A Potential Biomarker in Alzheimer's Disease. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10020042. [PMID: 32455946 PMCID: PMC7354630 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the sixth leading cause of death and is correlated with obesity, which is the second leading cause of preventable diseases in the United States. Obesity, diabetes, and AD share several common features, and inflammation emerges as the central link. High-calorie intake, elevated free fatty acids, and impaired endocrine function leads to insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Systemic inflammation triggers neuro-inflammation, which eventually hinders the metabolic and regulatory function of the brain mitochondria leading to neuronal damage and subsequent AD-related cognitive decline. As an early event in the pathogenesis of AD, chronic inflammation could be considered as a potential biomarker in the treatment strategies for AD.
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8
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Buie JJ, Watson LS, Smith CJ, Sims-Robinson C. Obesity-related cognitive impairment: The role of endothelial dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 132:104580. [PMID: 31454547 PMCID: PMC6834913 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic associated with macro- and microvascular endothelial dysfunction. Microvascular endothelial dysfunction has recently emerged as a significant risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. In this review, we present evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supporting a role for obesity in cognitive impairment. Next, we discuss how obesity-related hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and gut dysbiosis lead to cognitive impairment through induction of endothelial dysfunction and disruption of the blood brain barrier. Finally, we outline the potential clinical utility of dietary interventions, exercise, and bariatric surgery in circumventing the impacts of obesity on cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Jones Buie
- WISSDOM Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Luke S Watson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Crystal J Smith
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Catrina Sims-Robinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Higarza SG, Arboleya S, Gueimonde M, Gómez-Lázaro E, Arias JL, Arias N. Neurobehavioral dysfunction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is associated with hyperammonemia, gut dysbiosis, and metabolic and functional brain regional deficits. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223019. [PMID: 31539420 PMCID: PMC6754158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. While it has been suggested to cause nervous impairment, its neurophysiological basis remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to unravel the effects of NASH, through the interrelationship of liver, gut microbiota, and nervous system, on the brain and human behavior. To this end, 40 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a control group that received normal chow and a NASH group that received a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. Our results show that 14 weeks of the high-fat, high-cholesterol diet induced clinical conditions such as NASH, including steatosis and increased levels of ammonia. Rats in the NASH group also demonstrated evidence of gut dysbiosis and decreased levels of short-chain fatty acids in the gut. This may explain the deficits in cognitive ability observed in the NASH group, including their depressive-like behavior and short-term memory impairment characterized in part by deficits in social recognition and prefrontal cortex-dependent spatial working memory. We also reported the impact of this NASH-like condition on metabolic and functional processes. Brain tissue demonstrated lower levels of metabolic brain activity in the prefrontal cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and mammillary bodies, accompanied by a decrease in dopamine levels in the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum and a decrease in noradrenalin in the striatum. In this article, we emphasize the important role of ammonia and gut-derived bacterial toxins in liver-gut-brain neurodegeneration and discuss the metabolic and functional brain regional deficits and behavioral impairments in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. Higarza
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Silvia Arboleya
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Institute of Dairy Products of the Principality of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Institute of Dairy Products of the Principality of Asturias (IPLA-CSIC), Asturias, Spain
| | - Eneritz Gómez-Lázaro
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and their Development, Basque Country University, San Sebastián, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Jorge L. Arias
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Natalia Arias
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England, United Kingdom
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Ross A, Barnett N, Faulkner A, Hannapel R, Parent MB. Sucrose ingestion induces glutamate AMPA receptor phosphorylation in dorsal hippocampal neurons: Increased sucrose experience prevents this effect. Behav Brain Res 2019; 359:792-798. [PMID: 30076854 PMCID: PMC6594687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that meal-related memory influences later eating behavior. Memory can serve as a powerful mechanism for controlling eating behavior because it provides a record of recent intake that likely outlasts most physiological signals generated by ingestion. Dorsal (dHC) and ventral hippocampal (vHC) neurons are critical for memory, and we demonstrated previously that they limit energy intake during the postprandial period. If dHC or vHC neurons control intake through a process that requires memory, then ingestion should increase events necessary for synaptic plasticity in dHC and vHC during the postprandial period. To test this, we determined whether ingesting a sucrose solution induced posttranslational events critical for hippocampal synaptic plasticity: phosphorylation of AMPAR GluA1 subunits at 1) serine 831 (pSer831) and 2) serine 845 (pSer845). We also examined whether increasing the amount of previous experience with the sucrose solution, which would be expected to decrease the mnemonic demand involved in an ingestion bout, would also attenuate sucrose-induced phosphorylation. Quantitative immunoblotting of dHC and vHC membrane fractions demonstrated that sucrose ingestion increased postprandial pSer831 in dHC but not vHC. Increased previous sucrose experience prevented sucrose-induced dHC pSer831. Sucrose ingestion did not affect pSer845 in either dHC or vHC. Thus, the present findings show that ingestion activates a postranslational event necessary for synaptic plasticity in an experience-dependent manner, which is consistent with the hypothesis that dHC neurons form a memory of a meal during the postprandial period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ross
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Nicolette Barnett
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Alexa Faulkner
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Reilly Hannapel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States.
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11
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Brenachot X, Nédélec E, Ben Fradj S, Boudry G, Douard V, Laderrière A, Lemoine A, Liénard F, Nuzzaci D, Pénicaud L, Rigault C, Benani A. Lack of Hypothalamus Polysialylation Inducibility Correlates With Maladaptive Eating Behaviors and Predisposition to Obesity. Front Nutr 2019; 5:125. [PMID: 30619871 PMCID: PMC6295648 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High variability exists in individual susceptibility to develop overweight in an obesogenic environment and the biological underpinnings of this heterogeneity are poorly understood. In this brief report, we show in mice that the vulnerability to diet-induced obesity is associated with low level of polysialic acid-neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM), a factor of neural plasticity, in the hypothalamus. As we previously shown that reduction of hypothalamic PSA-NCAM is sufficient to alter energy homeostasis and promote fat storage under hypercaloric pressure, inter-individual variability in hypothalamic PSA-NCAM might account for the vulnerability to diet-induced obesity. These data support the concept that reduced plasticity in brain circuits that control appetite, metabolism and body weight confers risk for eating disorders and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Brenachot
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Nédélec
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Selma Ben Fradj
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Gaelle Boudry
- Institut NuMeCan, INRA, INSERM, Université Rennes, Domaine de la Prise, Saint-Gilles, France
| | - Véronique Douard
- Institut Micalis, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Domaine de Vilvert, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Amélie Laderrière
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Aleth Lemoine
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Fabienne Liénard
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Danaé Nuzzaci
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Luc Pénicaud
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Caroline Rigault
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Benani
- Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
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12
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Hannapel R, Ramesh J, Ross A, LaLumiere RT, Roseberry AG, Parent MB. Postmeal Optogenetic Inhibition of Dorsal or Ventral Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons Increases Future Intake. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0457-18.2018. [PMID: 30693314 PMCID: PMC6348449 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0457-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory of a recently eaten meal can serve as a powerful mechanism for controlling future eating behavior because it provides a record of intake that likely outlasts most physiological signals generated by the meal. In support, impairing the encoding of a meal in humans increases the amount ingested at the next eating episode. However, the brain regions that mediate the inhibitory effects of memory on future intake are unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dorsal hippocampal (dHC) and ventral hippocampal (vHC) glutamatergic pyramidal neurons play a critical role in the inhibition of energy intake during the postprandial period by optogenetically inhibiting these neurons at specific times relative to a meal. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given viral vectors containing CaMKIIα-eArchT3.0-eYFP or CaMKIIα-GFP and fiber optic probes into dHC of one hemisphere and vHC of the other. Compared to intake on a day in which illumination was not given, inhibition of dHC or vHC glutamatergic neurons after the end of a chow, sucrose, or saccharin meal accelerated the onset of the next meal and increased the amount consumed during that next meal when the neurons were no longer inhibited. Inhibition given during a meal did not affect the amount consumed during that meal or the next one but did hasten meal initiation. These data show that dHC and vHC glutamatergic neuronal activity during the postprandial period is critical for limiting subsequent ingestion and suggest that these neurons inhibit future intake by consolidating the memory of the preceding meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reilly Hannapel
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Janavi Ramesh
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Amy Ross
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Ryan T. LaLumiere
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Aaron G. Roseberry
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
| | - Marise B. Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303
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13
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Ferreira A, Castro JP, Andrade JP, Dulce Madeira M, Cardoso A. Cafeteria-diet effects on cognitive functions, anxiety, fear response and neurogenesis in the juvenile rat. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 155:197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Sarfert KS, Knabe ML, Gunawansa NS, Blythe SN. Western-style diet induces object recognition deficits and alters complexity of dendritic arborization in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex of male rats. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:344-353. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1388557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S. Sarfert
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Melina L. Knabe
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Nicole S. Gunawansa
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
| | - Sarah N. Blythe
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington and Lee University, 204 W. Washington St., Lexington, VA 24450, USA
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15
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Chen Z, Xu YY, Wu R, Han YX, Yu Y, Ge JF, Chen FH. Impaired learning and memory in rats induced by a high-fat diet: Involvement with the imbalance of nesfatin-1 abundance and copine 6 expression. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28211103 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease, resulting not only in liver dysfunction, glucose and lipid metabolism disorder, but also in neuropsychiatric damage. In the present study, a NAFLD rat model was established via feeding of a high-fat diet, and behaviour was observed via the open field test (OFT), the sucrose preference test (SPT), the elevated plus maze (EPM), the forced swimming test (FST) and the Morris water maze (MWM). The plasma concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were detected using chemiluminescence technique. The plasma levels of nesfatin-1, leptin and insulin were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the protein expressions of p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), GSK-3β, p-β-catenin, β-catenin, cyclinD and copine 6 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were detected using western blotting. After 4 consecutive weeks of feeding with a high-fat diet, the rats showed obesity; increased plasma concentrations of ALT, glucose, FFA, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C; decreased plasma levels of leptin and insulin; and inflammation and mild hepatocyte steatosis in the liver. Although there was no significant difference between groups with regard to performance in the OFT, EPM or FST, the NAFLD rats showed a decreased sucrose preference index in the SPT and impaired learning and memory in the MWM task. Moreover, the present study provides the first evidence of an increased plasma nesfatin-1 concentration in NAFLD rats, which was significantly correlated with plasma lipid concentrations and behavioural performance. Furthermore, copine 6 and p-β-catenin protein expression decreased and p-GSK-3β increased in the hippocampus and PFC of NAFLD rats. These results suggest that consuming of a high-fat diet for 4 consecutive weeks could successfully induce a NAFLD rat model. More importantly, these results provide the first evidence that impaired learning and memory in NAFLD rats was, at least partly, associated with increased plasma nesfatin-1 concentration and decreased copine 6 expression in the hippocampus and PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y-Y Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth People's Hospital in Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - R Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Huangshan, Huangshan, China
| | - Y-X Han
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Y Yu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - J-F Ge
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - F-H Chen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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16
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Attuquayefio T, Stevenson RJ, Oaten MJ, Francis HM. A four-day Western-style dietary intervention causes reductions in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory and interoceptive sensitivity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172645. [PMID: 28231304 PMCID: PMC5322971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, a Western style diet-high in saturated fat and added sugar-causes impairments in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory (HDLM) and perception of internal bodily state (interoception). In humans, while there is correlational support for a link between Western-style diet, HDLM, and interoception, there is as yet no causal data. Here, healthy individuals were randomly assigned to consume either a breakfast high in saturated fat and added sugar (Experimental condition) or a healthier breakfast (Control condition), over four consecutive days. Tests of HDLM, interoception and biological measures were administered before and after breakfast on the days one and four, and participants completed food diaries before and during the study. At the end of the study, the Experimental condition showed significant reductions in HDLM and reduced interoceptive sensitivity to hunger and fullness, relative to the Control condition. The Experimental condition also showed a markedly different blood glucose and triglyceride responses to their breakfast, relative to Controls, with larger changes in blood glucose across breakfast being associated with greater reductions in HDLM. The Experimental condition compensated for their energy-dense breakfast by reducing carbohydrate intake, while saturated fat intake remained consistently higher than Controls. This is the first experimental study in humans to demonstrate that a Western-style diet impacts HDLM following a relatively short exposure-just as in animals. The link between diet-induced HDLM changes and blood glucose suggests one pathway by which diet impacts HDLM in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuki Attuquayefio
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard J. Stevenson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Megan J. Oaten
- School of Applied Psychology, Gold Coast, Griffiths University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heather M. Francis
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Hannapel RC, Henderson YH, Nalloor R, Vazdarjanova A, Parent MB. Ventral hippocampal neurons inhibit postprandial energy intake. Hippocampus 2017; 27:274-284. [PMID: 28121049 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the memory of a recently ingested meal limits subsequent intake. Given that ventral hippocampal (vHC) neurons are involved in memory and energy intake, the present experiment tested the hypothesis that vHC neurons contribute to the formation of a memory of a meal and inhibit energy intake during the postprandial period. We tested (1) whether pharmacological inactivation of vHC neurons during the period following a sucrose meal, when the memory of the meal would be undergoing consolidation, accelerates the onset of the next sucrose meal and increases intake and (2) whether sucrose intake increases vHC expression of the synaptic plasticity marker activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc). Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to consume a 32% sucrose solution daily at the same time and location. On the experimental day, the rats were given intra-vHC infusions of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol or vehicle after they finished their first sucrose meal. Compared to vehicle infusions, postmeal intra-vHC muscimol infusions decreased the latency to the next sucrose meal, increased the amount of sucrose consumed during that meal, increased the total number of sucrose meals and the total amount of sucrose ingested. In addition, rats that consumed sucrose had higher levels of Arc expression in both vHC CA1 and CA3 subfields than cage control rats. Collectively, these findings are the first to show that vHC neurons inhibit energy intake during the postprandial period and support the hypothesis that vHC neurons form a memory of a meal and inhibit subsequent intake. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoko H Henderson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca Nalloor
- Neuroscience Institute, Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 950 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Almira Vazdarjanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CB 3526, Augusta, Georgia.,VA Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 950 15th Street, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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18
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Henderson YO, Nalloor R, Vazdarjanova A, Murphy AZ, Parent MB. Sex-dependent effects of early life inflammatory pain on sucrose intake and sucrose-associated hippocampal Arc expression in adult rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:1-8. [PMID: 28108332 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesize that dorsal hippocampal (dHC) neurons, which are critical for episodic memory, form a memory of a meal and inhibit the initiation of the next meal and the amount ingested during that meal. In support, we showed previously that (1) consuming a sucrose meal induces expression of the synaptic plasticity marker activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) in dHC neurons and (2) reversible inactivation of these neurons immediately following a sucrose meal accelerates the onset of the next meal and increases the size of that meal. These data suggest that hippocampal-dependent memory inhibits intake; therefore, the following experiments were conducted to determine whether hippocampal-dependent memory impairments are associated with increased intake. We reported recently that one episode of early life inflammatory pain impairs dHC-dependent memory in adult rats. The present study determined whether neonatal inflammatory pain also increases sucrose intake and attenuates sucrose-associated Arc expression. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were given an intraplantar injection of the inflammatory agent carrageenan (1%) on the day of birth and sucrose intake and sucrose-associated dHC Arc expression were measured in adulthood. Neonatal inflammatory pain increased sucrose intake in adult female and male rats, decreased sucrose-associated dHC Arc expression in female rats, and tended to have a similar effect on Arc expression in male rats. Neonatal inflammatory pain significantly decreased the interval between two sucrose meals in female but not in male rats. Morphine administration at the time of insult attenuated the effects of injury on sucrose intake. Collectively, these findings indicate that one brief episode of inflammatory pain on the day of birth has a long long-lasting, sex-dependent impact on intake of a palatable food in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko O Henderson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States.
| | - Rebecca Nalloor
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 950 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30901, United States.
| | - Almira Vazdarjanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, CB 3526, Augusta, GA 30912, United States; VA Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, 950 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30901, United States.
| | - Anne Z Murphy
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States.
| | - Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States; Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30302, United States.
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19
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Parent MB. Dorsal Hippocampal–Dependent Episodic Memory Inhibits Eating. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721416665103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research regarding how the brain regulates eating behavior has focused largely on homeostatic (i.e., need-based) and hedonic (i.e., pleasure-based) controls. By contrast, there is a large gap in our understanding of how brain areas involved in cognitive processes, such as memory, impact energy intake. Moreover, compared to meal size and satiety, little is known about how the brain controls meal timing and frequency. My research team and I hypothesize that dorsal hippocampal neurons, which are critical for episodic memory of personal experiences, form a memory of a meal, inhibit meal initiation during the period following that meal, and limit the amount ingested at the next meal. I review evidence supporting this hypothesis and raise the possibility that impaired dorsal hippocampal function contributes to diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise B. Parent
- Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, Georgia State University
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20
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Coppin G. The anterior medial temporal lobes: Their role in food intake and body weight regulation. Physiol Behav 2016; 167:60-70. [PMID: 27591841 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The anterior medial temporal lobes are one of the most studied parts of the brain. Classically, their two main structures - the amygdalae and the hippocampi - have been linked to key cognitive and affective functions, related in particular to learning and memory. Based on abundant evidence, we will argue for an alternative but complementary point of view: they may also play a major role in food intake and body weight regulation. First, an overview is given of early clinical evidence in this line of thought. Subsequently, empirical evidence is presented on how food intake, including in the extreme case of obesity, may relate to amygdalian and hippocampal functioning. The focus is on the amygdala's role in processing the relevance of food stimuli, cue-induced feeding, and stress-induced eating and on the hippocampus' involvement in the use of interoceptive signals of hunger and satiety, as well as memory and inhibitory processes related to food intake. Additionally, an elaboration takes place on possible reciprocal links between food intake, body weight, and amygdala and hippocampus functioning. Finally, issues that seemed particularly critical for future research in the field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Coppin
- The John B. Pierce Laboratory, School of Medicine, Yale University, 290 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 George Street, Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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21
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Farr OM, Li CSR, Mantzoros CS. Central nervous system regulation of eating: Insights from human brain imaging. Metabolism 2016; 65:699-713. [PMID: 27085777 PMCID: PMC4834455 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Appetite and body weight regulation are controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) in a rather complicated manner. The human brain plays a central role in integrating internal and external inputs to modulate energy homeostasis. Although homeostatic control by the hypothalamus is currently considered to be primarily responsible for controlling appetite, most of the available evidence derives from experiments in rodents, and the role of this system in regulating appetite in states of hunger/starvation and in the pathogenesis of overeating/obesity remains to be fully elucidated in humans. Further, cognitive and affective processes have been implicated in the dysregulation of eating behavior in humans, but their exact relative contributions as well as the respective underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We briefly review each of these systems here and present the current state of research in an attempt to update clinicians and clinical researchers alike on the status and future directions of obesity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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22
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Parent MB. Cognitive control of meal onset and meal size: Role of dorsal hippocampal-dependent episodic memory. Physiol Behav 2016; 162:112-9. [PMID: 27083124 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a large gap in our understanding of how top-down cognitive processes, such as memory, influence energy intake. Similarly, there is limited knowledge regarding how the brain controls the timing of meals and meal frequency. Understanding how cognition influences ingestive behavior and how the brain controls meal frequency will provide a more complete explanation of the neural mechanisms that regulate energy intake and may also increase our knowledge of the factors that contribute to diet-induced obesity. We hypothesize that dorsal hippocampal neurons, which are critical for memory of personal experiences (i.e., episodic memory), form a memory of a meal, inhibit meal onset during the period following a meal, and limit the amount ingested at the next meal. In support, we describe evidence from human research suggesting that episodic memory of a meal inhibits intake and review data from human and non-human animals showing that impaired hippocampal function is associated with increased intake. We then describe evidence from our laboratory showing that inactivation of dorsal hippocampal neurons decreases the interval between sucrose meals and increases intake at the next meal. We also describe our evidence suggesting that sweet orosensation is sufficient to induce synaptic plasticity in dorsal hippocampal neurons and raise the possibility that impaired dorsal hippocampal function and episodic memory deficits contribute to the development and/or maintenance of diet-induced obesity. Finally, we raise some critical questions that need to be addressed in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, PO Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30303-5030, United States.
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23
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Beilharz JE, Maniam J, Morris MJ. Short-term exposure to a diet high in fat and sugar, or liquid sugar, selectively impairs hippocampal-dependent memory, with differential impacts on inflammation. Behav Brain Res 2016; 306:1-7. [PMID: 26970578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic high-energy diets are known to induce obesity and impair memory; these changes have been associated with inflammation in brain areas crucial for memory. In this study, we investigated whether inflammation could also be related to diet-induced memory deficits, prior to obesity. We exposed rats to chow, chow supplemented with a 10% sucrose solution (Sugar) or a diet high in fat and sugar (Caf+Sugar) and assessed hippocampal-dependent and perirhinal-dependent memory at 1 week. Both high-energy diet groups displayed similar, selective hippocampal-dependent memory deficits despite the Caf+Sugar rats consuming 4-5 times more energy, and weighing significantly more than the other groups. Extreme weight gain and excessive energy intake are therefore not necessary for deficits in memory. Weight gain across the diet period however, was correlated with the memory deficits, even in the Chow rats. The Sugar rats had elevated expression of a number of inflammatory genes in the hippocampus and WAT compared to Chow and Caf+Sugar rats but not in the perirhinal cortex or hypothalamus. Blood glucose concentrations were also elevated in the Sugar rats, and were correlated with the hippocampal inflammatory markers. Together, these results indicate that liquid sugar can rapidly elevate markers of central and peripheral inflammation, in association with hyperglycemia, and this may be related to the memory deficits in the Sugar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Beilharz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Maniam
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - M J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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24
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Henderson YO, Nalloor R, Vazdarjanova A, Parent MB. Sweet orosensation induces Arc expression in dorsal hippocampal CA1 neurons in an experience-dependent manner. Hippocampus 2015; 26:405-13. [PMID: 26386270 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is limited knowledge regarding how the brain controls the timing of meals. Similarly, there is a large gap in our understanding of how top-down cognitive processes, such as memory influence energy intake. We hypothesize that dorsal hippocampal (dHC) neurons, which are critical for episodic memory, form a memory of a meal and inhibit meal onset during the postprandial period. In support, we showed previously that reversible inactivation of these neurons during the period following a sucrose meal accelerates the onset of the next meal. If dHC neurons form a memory of a meal, then consumption should induce synaptic plasticity in dHC neurons. To test this, we determined (1) whether a sucrose meal increases the expression of the synaptic plasticity marker activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) in dHC CA1 neurons, (2) whether previous experience with sucrose influences sucrose-induced Arc expression, and (3) whether the orosensory stimulation produced by the noncaloric sweetener saccharin is sufficient to induce Arc expression. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to consume a sweetened solution at a scheduled time daily. On the experimental day, they were given a solution for 7 min, euthanized, and then fluorescence in situ hybridization procedures were used to measure meal-induced Arc mRNA. Compared to caged control rats, Arc expression was significantly higher in rats that consumed sucrose or saccharin. Interestingly, rats given additional experience with sucrose had less Arc expression than rats with less sucrose experience, even though both groups consumed similar amounts on the experimental day. Thus, this study is the first to suggest that orosensory stimulation produced by consuming a sweetened solution and possibly the hedonic value of that sweet stimulation induces synaptic plasticity in dHC CA1 neurons in an experience-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings are consistent with our hypothesis that dHC neurons form a memory of a meal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko O Henderson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Rebecca Nalloor
- Augusta Biomedical Research Corporation, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Almira Vazdarjanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, United States.,VA Research Service, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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25
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Leffa DD, da Silva J, Petronilho FC, Biélla MS, Lopes A, Binatti AR, Daumann F, Schuck PF, Andrade VM. Acerola ( Malpighia emarginata DC.) juice intake protects against oxidative damage in mice fed by cafeteria diet. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Ross AP, Darling JN, Parent MB. Excess intake of fat and sugar potentiates epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in male rats. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:329-37. [PMID: 25716573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Over the past five decades, per capita caloric intake has increased significantly, and diet- and stress-related diseases are more prevalent. The stress hormone epinephrine stimulates hepatic glucose release during a stress response. The present experiment tested the hypothesis that excess caloric intake alters this ability of epinephrine to increase blood glucose. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-energy cafeteria-style diet (HED). Weight gain during the first 5 days on the diet was used to divide the rats into an HED-lean group and HED-obese group. After 9 weeks, the rats were injected with epinephrine, and blood glucose was measured. RESULTS HED-obese rats gained body and fat mass, and developed insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis. HED-lean and control rats did not differ. Epinephrine produced larger increases in blood glucose in the HED-obese rats than in the HED-lean and control rats. Removing the high-energy components of the diet for 4 weeks reversed the potentiated effects of epinephrine on glucose and corrected the IR but not the steatosis or obesity. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of a high-energy cafeteria diet potentiates epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia. This effect is associated with insulin resistance but not adiposity or steatosis and is reversed by 4 weeks of standard chow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy P Ross
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Jenna N Darling
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5030, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA.
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Hsu TM, Konanur VR, Taing L, Usui R, Kayser BD, Goran MI, Kanoski SE. Effects of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup consumption on spatial memory function and hippocampal neuroinflammation in adolescent rats. Hippocampus 2014; 25:227-39. [PMID: 25242636 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Excessive consumption of added sugars negatively impacts metabolic systems; however, effects on cognitive function are poorly understood. Also unknown is whether negative outcomes associated with consumption of different sugars are exacerbated during critical periods of development (e.g., adolescence). Here we examined the effects of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup-55 (HFCS-55) intake during adolescence or adulthood on cognitive and metabolic outcomes. Adolescent or adult male rats were given 30-day access to chow, water, and either (1) 11% sucrose solution, (2) 11% HFCS-55 solution, or (3) an extra bottle of water (control). In adolescent rats, HFCS-55 intake impaired hippocampal-dependent spatial learning and memory in a Barne's maze, with moderate learning impairment also observed for the sucrose group. The learning and memory impairment is unlikely based on nonspecific behavioral effects as adolescent HFCS-55 consumption did not impact anxiety in the zero maze or performance in a non-spatial response learning task using the same mildly aversive stimuli as the Barne's maze. Protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6, interleukin 1β) was increased in the dorsal hippocampus for the adolescent HFCS-55 group relative to controls with no significant effect in the sucrose group, whereas liver interleukin 1β and plasma insulin levels were elevated for both adolescent-exposed sugar groups. In contrast, intake of HFCS-55 or sucrose in adults did not impact spatial learning, glucose tolerance, anxiety, or neuroinflammatory markers. These data show that consumption of added sugars, particularly HFCS-55, negatively impacts hippocampal function, metabolic outcomes, and neuroinflammation when consumed in excess during the adolescent period of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted M Hsu
- Neuroscience Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Reichelt AC, Morris MJ, Westbrook RF. Cafeteria diet impairs expression of sensory-specific satiety and stimulus-outcome learning. Front Psychol 2014; 5:852. [PMID: 25221530 PMCID: PMC4146395 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A range of animal and human data demonstrates that excessive consumption of palatable food leads to neuroadaptive responses in brain circuits underlying reward. Unrestrained consumption of palatable food has been shown to increase the reinforcing value of food and weaken inhibitory control; however, whether it impacts upon the sensory representations of palatable solutions has not been formally tested. These experiments sought to determine whether exposure to a cafeteria diet consisting of palatable high fat foods impacts upon the ability of rats to learn about food-associated cues and the sensory properties of ingested foods. We found that rats fed a cafeteria diet for 2 weeks were impaired in the control of Pavlovian responding in accordance to the incentive value of palatable outcomes associated with auditory cues following devaluation by sensory-specific satiety. Sensory-specific satiety is one mechanism by which a diet containing different foods increases ingestion relative to one lacking variety. Hence, choosing to consume greater quantities of a range of foods may contribute to the current prevalence of obesity. We observed that rats fed a cafeteria diet for 2 weeks showed impaired sensory-specific satiety following consumption of a high calorie solution. The deficit in expression of sensory-specific satiety was also present 1 week following the withdrawal of cafeteria foods. Thus, exposure to obesogenic diets may impact upon neurocircuitry involved in motivated control of behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Reichelt
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret J Morris
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R F Westbrook
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Parent MB, Darling JN, Henderson YO. Remembering to eat: hippocampal regulation of meal onset. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R701-13. [PMID: 24573183 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00496.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of species, including vertebrate and invertebrates, consume food in bouts (i.e., meals). Decades of research suggest that different mechanisms regulate meal initiation (when to start eating) versus meal termination (how much to eat in a meal, also known as satiety). There is a very limited understanding of the mechanisms that regulate meal onset and the duration of the postprandial intermeal interval (ppIMI). In the present review, we examine issues involved in measuring meal onset and some of the limited available evidence regarding how it is regulated. Then, we describe our recent work indicating that dorsal hippocampal neurons inhibit meal onset during the ppIMI and describe the processes that may be involved in this. We also synthesize recent evidence, including evidence from our laboratory, suggesting that overeating impairs hippocampal functioning and that impaired hippocampal functioning, in turn, contributes to the development and/or maintenance of diet-induced obesity. Finally, we identify critical questions and challenges for future research investigating neural controls of meal onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marise B Parent
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jenna N Darling
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Yoko O Henderson
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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