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Wang C, Zhang X, Nadzir MM, Uyama H, Tang W, Fu D, Xie Z, Wang C, Wang J, Yang J. All-in-one bio-derived poly(L-lactic acid)-based composite with fire-resistance and smoke-suppression performance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132610. [PMID: 38788876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The flammability of bio-derived poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) greatly limits its application and eco-friendly multifunctional fire-fighting PLA-based composites are highly desired. In this work, a fully bio-based modified CS (C-CS) and commercially available eco-friendly ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were used as a synergistic flame retardant agent (C-CS/APP) to investigate its effects on fire-proofing performance and diverse properties of the PLA. The PLA/5%C-CS/5%APP composite exhibited excellent fire-resistant performance with anti-droplet, smoke-suppression and self-extinguishing property, and its limited oxygen index enhanced by 37 % (compared with neat PLA). This composite reached the highest V-0 fire safety rating, and its peak of heat release rate and total smoke production reduced by 26.5 % and 68.3 %, respectively. In addition, the char residue yield after the cone calorimeter test increased by 46 times in the composite, indicating an outstanding char-forming capacity. The condensed phase flame retardancy played a crucial role on the fire-fighting of this composite, that is, significantly enhanced char residue (as a physical barrier) blocked the heat exchange and O2 entry, and further suppressed the combustion reaction. Additionally, the PLA-based composite showed outstanding UV-absorption property, good anti-bacterial effect, and increased hydrophilicity and crystallizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Masrina Mohd Nadzir
- School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wencong Tang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Dandan Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhanghua Xie
- Tianjin Nengpu Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Huading New Area 1-2-10, Haitai Inovation 6 Road, Huayuan Industrial Park, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chenwan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Jinjun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Bo L, Hua G, Xian J, Zeinali Heris S, Erfani Farsi Eidgah E, Ghafurian MM, Orooji Y. Recent remediation strategies for flame retardancy via nanoparticles. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141323. [PMID: 38311040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This review article delves into the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in fire prevention, aiming to elucidate their specific contribution within the broader context of various fire prevention methods. While acknowledging established approaches such as fire safety principles, fire suppression systems, fire alarm systems, and the use of fire-retardant chemicals and safety equipment, this review focuses on the distinctive properties of NPs. The findings underscore the remarkable potential of NPs in controlling and mitigating fire propagation within both architectural structures and vehicles. Specifically, the primary emphasis lies in the impact of NPs on reducing oxygen levels, as assessed through the limiting oxygen index , a subject explored by various researchers. Furthermore, this review delves into the examination of combustion reduction rates facilitated by NPs, utilizing assessments of ignition time, heat release rate (HRR), and flammability tests (UL-94) on plastic materials. Beyond these aspects, the review evaluates the multifaceted role of NPs in achieving weight reduction and establishing fire-retardant properties. Additionally, it discusses the reduction of smoke, a significant contributor to environmental pollution and health risks. Among the nanoparticles investigated in this study, SiO2, MgAl, and nano hydrotalcite have demonstrated the best results in weight reduction, smoke reduction, and HRR, respectively. Meanwhile, Al2O3 has been identified as one of the least effective treated nanoparticles. Collectively, these findings significantly contribute to improving safety measures and reducing fire risks across a range of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Bo
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Gong Hua
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji Xian
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Saeed Zeinali Heris
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, China; Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Mustafa Ghafurian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Li M, Wu J, Zhu Z, Bi C, Xie Y, Wang T, Sun Y, Yin J, Xie Z, Liu F, Wang J, Yang J. Modified β-cyclodextrin microspheres towards the application in intumescent fire resistance and smoke-suppressing of bio-based poly(L-lactic acid). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123666. [PMID: 36801221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was modified by a phosphazene compound to prepare a novel amorphous derivate (β-CDCP), which was combined with the ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a synergistic flame retardant (FR) of the bio-based poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA). The effects of the APP/β-CDCP on the thermal stability, combustion behavior, pyrolysis process, fire resistance performance and crystallizability of the PLA were investigated comprehensively and in depth by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) analysis, UL-94 test, cone calorimetry measurement, TG-infrared (TG-IR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The PLA/5%APP/10%β-CDCP showed a highest LOI of 33.2 %, passed V-0 rating and exhibited self-extinguish phenomenon in the UL-94 test. Also, it presented a lowest peak of heat release rate, total heat release, peak of smoke production rate and total smoke release, and a highest char yield treated by cone calorimetry analysis. In addition, the 5%APP/10%β-CDCP shortened significantly crystallization time and enhanced crystallization rate of the PLA. Gas phase and intumescent condensed phase fire proofing mechanisms are proposed to elucidate enhanced fire resistance in this system in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yubin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Meitong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jingxuan Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chengliang Bi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuhong Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Taoyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Jing Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhanghua Xie
- Tianjin Nengpu Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Huading New Area 1-2-10, Haitai Inovation 6 Road, Huayuan Industrial Park, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fude Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Jinjun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Kong Q, Li L, Zhang M, Chai H, Li W, Zhu F, Zhang J. Improving the Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy Resins by Lamellar Cobalt Potassium Pyrophosphate. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14224927. [PMID: 36433055 PMCID: PMC9692345 DOI: 10.3390/polym14224927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the fire retardancy of epoxy resin (EP), lamellar cobalt potassium pyrophosphate (LCPP) nanocrystal whiskers with a length of 100-300 nm were designed and synthesized by a liquid technique. LCPP with high thermal stability was blended into EP to prepare the EP/LCPP composites. The results show that the EP/LCPP composites have higher thermal stability and produce more residues compared to pure EP. The combustion results display that the LOI value of the EP/10wt%LCPP composites was significantly improved to 35.9%, and the EP/6wt%LCPP composite can reach a UL-94 V-1 rating. Additionally, the peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate of the EP/10wt%LCPP composites dramatically decreased by 43.8% and 48.5%, respectively. The improved flame retardancy and smoke suppression are mainly attributed to the inherent physical barrier of LCPP and the excellent catalytic carbonization ability of LCPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Kong
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Lan Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Manman Zhang
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huiyu Chai
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Weixi Li
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- School of Emergency Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Gao Q, Zhao H, Zhou XL, Liu FY, Jiao YH, Xie JX, Qu HQ, Xu JZ, Ma HY. Flame retardant, combustion and thermal degradation properties of polypropylene composites treated with the mixture of pentaerythritol, nickel hydroxystannate and expandable graphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Wang W, Liu Y, Wen H, Wang Q. Synthesis of a hyperbranched polyamide charring agent and its flame-retarding and toughening behavior in epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ammonium Polyphosphate with High Specific Surface Area by Assembling Zeolite Imidazole Framework in EVA Resin: Significant Mechanical Properties, Migration Resistance, and Flame Retardancy. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030534. [PMID: 32131420 PMCID: PMC7182838 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-67) was assembled onto the surface of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) for preparing a series multifunctional flame-retardant APP-ZIFs. The assembly mechanism, chemical structure, chemical compositions, morphology, and specific surface area of APP-ZIFs were characterized. The typical APPZ1 and APPZ4 were selected as intumescent flame retardants with dipentaerythritol (DPER) because of their superior unit catalytic efficiency of cobalt by thermogravimetric analysis. APPZ1 and APPZ4 possessed 6.8 and 92.1 times the specific surface area of untreated APP, which could significantly enhance the interfacial interaction, mechanical properties, and migration resistance when using in ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). With 25% loading, 25% APPZ4/DPER achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 29.4% and a UL 94 V-0 rating, whereas 25% APP/DPER achieved a limiting oxygen index value of only 26.2% and a V-2 rating, respectively. The peak of the heat release rate, smoke production rate, and CO production rate respectively decreased by 34.7%, 39.0%, and 40.1%, while the char residue increased by 91.7%. These significant improvements were attributed to the catalytic graphitization by nano cobalt phosphate and the formation of a more protective char barrier comprised of graphite-like carbon.
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Zhang L, Yi D, Hao J. Poly (diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate polyelectrolyte complexes as an all‐in‐one flame retardant for polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 10081 China
| | - Deqi Yi
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 10081 China
| | - Jianwei Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, School of Materials Science and EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing 10081 China
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9
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Zhang T, Tao Y, Zhou F, Sheng H, Qiu S, Ma C, Hu Y. Synthesis of a hyperbranched phosphorus-containing polyurethane as char forming agent combined with ammonium polyphosphate for reducing fire hazard of polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Preparation of β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex and Its Application as an Intumescent Flame Retardant for Epoxy. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11010071. [PMID: 30960055 PMCID: PMC6402021 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A new P-N containing the flame retardant, which was namely N,N′-dibutyl-phosphate diamide (DBPDA), was synthesized and it was assembled into the cavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to form an inclusion complex (IC). The structure and properties of IC were characterized by Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). 1H NMR and SEM-EDS were also used to identify the molar ratio of β-CD/DBPDA in IC and the results from the analyses indicated that their molar ratio was 1:1. In order to test the flame retardant effect of IC, it was added to epoxy (EP). IC was proposed to be able to act as an intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system in EP through a combination of β-CD and DBPDA properties during the combustion process. β-CD is a biomass carbon source, which has the advantages of environmental protection and low cost. Furthermore, DBPDA is both a source of acid and gas. When IC was heated, IC had the advantage of acting as both a carbon source and foam forming agent, while the DBPDA component were able to directly generate phosphoric acid and NH3 in situ. The impact of IC in low additive amounts on flame retardancy of EP was studied by the cone calorimeter test. When only 3 wt % IC was incorporated, the peak values of heat release rate (pHRR) and smoke production rate (pSPR) of EP were reduced by 22.9% and 33.3% respectively, which suggested that IC could suppress the heat and smoke release efficiently.
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Dong X, Qin R, Nie S, Yang J, Zhang C, Wu W. Fire hazard suppression of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene based on a novel Ni-containing char-forming agent. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong
- School of Energy Resources and Safety; Anhui University of Science and Technology; Huainan China
| | - Ruxiang Qin
- School of Energy Resources and Safety; Anhui University of Science and Technology; Huainan China
| | - Shibin Nie
- School of Energy Resources and Safety; Anhui University of Science and Technology; Huainan China
| | - Jinian Yang
- School of Material Science and Engineering; Anhui University of Science and Technology; Huainan China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Energy Resources and Safety; Anhui University of Science and Technology; Huainan China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Energy Resources and Safety; Anhui University of Science and Technology; Huainan China
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12
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Nie SB, Dong X, Yang JN, Dai GL. Morphology Influence of Nanoporous Nickel Phosphate on Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene Composites. INT POLYM PROC 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The morphology of nanoporous nickel phosphate (NP) has a close relationship with its properties, so in this work NP with needle-like and mushroom-like shape was synthesized. Then NP with needle-like and mushroom-like shape was applied in intumescent flame retardant polypropylene (PP) composites. With the addition of suitable content of NP, both mushroom-like and needle-like NP can improve the combustion and thermal properties of intumescent flame retardant PP composites. Needle-like NP shows a better thermal ant flame retardant synergist effect with intumescent flame retardants compared to mushroom-like NP. However, mushroom-like NP shows a better effect on smoke suppression. With the addition of suitable content of needle-like NP, the peak heat release rate of flame retardant PP composite decreases by 68.2 % comparing with that of the pure PP, and decreases by 23.8 % comparing with that of flame retardant PP composite without NP. The maximum weight loss temperature of PP composites can be increased from 408 °C to 485 °C with the addition of needle-like NP. Furthermore, the pyrolysis products of flame retardant PP composite with needle-like NP were investigated. From the research, it provides a further understanding of the influence on synergic effects in intumescent flame retardant systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.-B. Nie
- Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining of Ministry of Education , School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui , PRC
| | - X. Dong
- Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining of Ministry of Education , School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui , PRC
| | - J.-N. Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui , PRC
| | - G.-L. Dai
- Key Laboratory of Safe and Effective Coal Mining of Ministry of Education , School of Energy Resources and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui , PRC
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B. Morgan
- Center for Flame Retardant Material Science, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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14
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Vinyl polysiloxane microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate and its application in flame retardant polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Hou Y, Hu W, Gui Z, Hu Y. Preparation of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Application as Flame Retardants for Polystyrene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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16
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17
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Zhu DY, Guo JW, Xian JX, Fu SQ. Novel sulfonate-containing halogen-free flame-retardants: effect of ternary and quaternary sulfonates centered on adamantane on the properties of polycarbonate composites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06504c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two efficient sulfonate flame retardants based on adamantane endow PC composites with excellent flame retardancy and mechanical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yu Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jian Wei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jia Xing Xian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Shu Qin Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
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18
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Tong Y, Gu C, Zhang J, Tang H, Li Y, Wang X, Tu J. Urchin-like Ni-Co-P-O nanocomposite as novel methanol electro-oxidation materials in alkaline environment. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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20
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Kong Q, Zhang H, Zheng L, Wang DY, Zhang J. Effect on thermal and combustion behaviors of montmorillonite intercalation nickel compounds in polypropylene/IFR system. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Kong
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
- IMDEA Materials Institute; C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe Madrid 28906 Spain
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
| | - Lu Zheng
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212013 China
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute; C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe Madrid 28906 Spain
| | - Junhao Zhang
- IMDEA Materials Institute; C/Eric Kandel, 2, Getafe Madrid 28906 Spain
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University of Science and Technology; Zhenjiang Jiangsu 212003 China
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21
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Xia Y, Jin F, Mao Z, Guan Y, Zheng A. Effects of ammonium polyphosphate to pentaerythritol ratio on composition and properties of carbonaceous foam deriving from intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Zhou K, Jiang S, Wang B, Shi Y, Liu J, Hong N, Hu Y, Gui Z. Combined effect of transition metal phosphide (MxPy, M = Ni, Co, and Cu) and intumescent flame retardant system on polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Yongqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Ningning Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
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23
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Chen M, Xu Y, Chen X, Ma Y, He W, Yu J, Zhang Z. Thermal stability and combustion behavior of flame-retardant polypropylene with thermoplastic polyurethane-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313517910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this article, thermoplastic polyurethane-microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (MTAPP) is prepared and well characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). MTAPP and APP are added onto polypropylene (PP) as a novel intumescent flame-retardant system to improve the flame retardancy of PP. The flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the flame-retardant PP composites are investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning test, cone calorimeter test (CCT), TGA, and mechanical properties tests. The results show that MTAPP exhibits better flame retardancy and thermal stability than that of the APP in the flame-retardant PP composites. The LOI value of the PP/MTAPP composite at the same loading level is higher than that of PP/APP composite. The dripping of MTAPP system disappears compared with APP system from UL-94 test. The results of the CCT also indicate that MTAPP is an effective flame retardant in PP. The improvement may be attributed to the better charring capacity of MTAPP from TGA. Additionally, the mechanical properties of MTAPP are better than those of APP in PP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidi He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Zhou K, Wang B, Jiang S, Yuan H, Song L, Hu Y. Facile Preparation of Nickel Phosphide (Ni12P5) and Synergistic Effect with Intumescent Flame Retardants in Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3024559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhou
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory
of Urban
Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai
Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Yuan
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory
of Urban
Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai
Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Wang L, Hu Y, Song L, Yuen RKK. Investigation of Thermal and Combustion Properties for Intumescent Flame-Retardant Ethylene–Viny Acetate Composites Containing Ferrous Disulfide. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie301713e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's
Republic of China
- Department
of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong and USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban
Public Safety, Suzhou Institute of the University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, People's Republic
of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's
Republic of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban
Public Safety, Suzhou Institute of the University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, People's Republic
of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's
Republic of China
| | - Richard K. K. Yuen
- Department
of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong and USTC-CityU Joint Advanced Research Centre, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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26
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Li N, Xia Y, Mao Z, Wang L, Guan Y, Zheng A. Influence of antimony oxide on flammability of polypropylene/intumescent flame retardant system. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Zhao W, Li B, Xu M. Effect of Phosphorus Compounds on Flame Retardancy and Thermal Degradation of Polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene. J MACROMOL SCI B 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2012.665778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- a Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , P. R. China
- b Key Lab of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education , Harbin , P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- a Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , P. R. China
- b Key Lab of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education , Harbin , P. R. China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- a Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Science, Northeast Forestry University , Harbin , P. R. China
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28
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Hu S, Song L, Pan H, Hu Y. Thermal Properties and Combustion Behaviors of Chitosan Based Flame Retardant Combining Phosphorus and Nickel. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie2022527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai
Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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29
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Lai X, Zeng X, Li H, Yin C, Zhang H, Liao F. Synergistic effect of phosphorus-containing nanosponges on intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.35646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Tai Q, Song L, Lv X, Lu H, Hu Y, Yuen RK. Flame-retarded polystyrene with phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing oligomer: Preparation and thermal properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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31
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Zhang S, Li B, Lin M, Li Q, Gao S, Yi W. Effect of a novel phosphorus-containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Lai X, Zeng X, Li H, Liao F, Zhang H, Yin C. Preparation and Properties of Flame Retardant Polypropylene with an Intumescent System Encapsulated by Thermoplastic Polyurethane. J MACROMOL SCI B 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.564099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Lai
- a College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- a College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- a College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Liao
- a College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Haili Zhang
- a College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyu Yin
- a College of Materials Science and Engineering , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
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33
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Bao CL, Song L, Guo Y, Hu Y. Preparation and characterization of flame-retardant polypropylene/α-titanium phosphate (nano)composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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34
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Nie S, Song L, Bao C, Qian X, Guo Y, Hong N, Hu Y. Synergistic effects of ferric pyrophosphate (FePP) in intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Nie S, Song L, Zhan J, Hu Y, Tai Q, Chen L. Synergistic Effect of Novel Synergists–Transition Metal Ion-incorporated Nickel Phosphates with Intumescent Flame Retardants in Polypropylene. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10601320902797871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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