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Liparoti S, Iozzino V, Speranza V, Pantani R. Modulating poly(lactic acid) degradation rate for environmentally sustainable applications. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 175:215-224. [PMID: 38218092 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The huge amount of plastics generated by the massive use of packaging makes it difficult to manage waste safely. Introducing biodegradable polymers, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), can at least partially reduce the environmental pollution from plastic waste. Biodegradable polymers must have a degradation rate appropriate for the intended use to replace durable plastics. This work aims to introduce PLA fillers that can modulate the degradation rate during hydrolysis and composting. For this purpose, fumaric acid and magnesium hydroxide have been proposed. The experimental findings demonstrated that magnesium oxide makes hydrolysis faster than fumaric acid. A model describing the hydrolysis reaction, which also considers the effect of crystallinity, is proposed. The model can capture the filler effect on the kinetic constants related to the autocatalytic part of the hydrolysis reaction. Degradation of the PLA and compounds was also conducted in a composting medium. The compound with fumaric acid shows faster degradation than the compound with magnesium oxide; this behavior is opposite to what is observed during hydrolysis. Degradation in a composting medium is favored in a narrow pH window corresponding to the optimum environment for microorganism growth. Magnesium oxide leads to a pH increase above the optimum level, making the environment less favorable to microorganism growth. Vice-versa, fumaric acid maintains the pH level in the optimum range: it represents an additional carbon source for microorganism growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Liparoti
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
| | - Valentina Iozzino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Vito Speranza
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Roberto Pantani
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Li M, Chen Y, Kong Z, Sun Z, Qian L. Impact of a Novel Phosphoramide Flame Retardant on the Fire Behavior and Transparency of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:18151-18164. [PMID: 37251156 PMCID: PMC10210028 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In many application fields of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), excellent flame retardancy and transparency are required. However, higher flame retardancy is often at the expense of transparency. It is difficult to achieve high flame retardancy while maintaining the transparency of TPU. In this work, a kind of TPU composite with good flame retardancy and light transmittance was obtained by adding a new synthetic flame retardant named DCPCD, which was synthesized by the reaction of diethylenetriamine and diphenyl phosphorochloridate. Experimental results showed that 6.0 wt % DCPCD endowed TPU with a limiting oxygen index value of 27.3%, passing the UL 94 V-0 rating in the vertical burning test. The cone calorimeter test results showed that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the TPU composite was dramatically reduced from 1292 kW/m2 (pure TPU) to 514 kW/m2 by adding only 1 wt % DCPCD. With the increase of DCPCD contents, the PHRR and total heat release gradually decreased, and the char residue gradually increased. More importantly, the addition of DCPCD has little effect on the transparency and haze of TPU composites. In addition, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out to investigate the morphology and composition of the char residue for TPU/DCPCD composites and explore the flame retardant mechanism of DCPCD in TPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Li
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zimeng Kong
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- China
Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced
Flame Retardants, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum
and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame
Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
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Feng T, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Dong H, Piao J, Wang Y, Ren J, Chen W, Liu W, Chen X, Jiao C. Fabrication of hollow carbon spheres modified by molybdenum compounds towards toxicity reduction and flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Huixin Dong
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Junxiu Piao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Yaofei Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Jinyong Ren
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Wenjiao Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao China
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4
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Wei Z, Chen X, Jiao C, Ma M. Research on the fire safety effect of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer based on sodium fumarate. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Wei
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong PR China
- School of Aerospace Engineering and Applied Mechanics Tongji University Shanghai PR China
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong PR China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong PR China
| | - Mingliang Ma
- School of Civil Engineering Qingdao University of Technology Qingdao PR China
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Wang W, Wang Z. Epoxy resin/tin ethylenediamine tetra‐methylene phosphonate composites with simultaneous improvement of flame retardancy and smoke suppression. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai China
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Zhang Y, Cui J, Wang L, Liu H, Yang B, Guo J, Mu B, Tian L. Phosphorus‐containing Salen‐metal complexes investigated for enhancing the fire safety of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Zhang
- School of Petrochemical TechnologyLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Jinfeng Cui
- School of Petrochemical TechnologyLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Lurong Wang
- School of Petrochemical TechnologyLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - He Liu
- School of Petrochemical TechnologyLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Baoping Yang
- School of Petrochemical TechnologyLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Junhong Guo
- School of Petrochemical TechnologyLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Bo Mu
- School of Petrochemical TechnologyLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
| | - Li Tian
- School of Petrochemical TechnologyLanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
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Jiao C, Li M, Chen X, Li S. Flame retardancy and thermal decomposition behavior of TPU/chitosan composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Mingxin Li
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Shaoxiang Li
- College of Environment and Safety EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
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