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Sharma AE, Dickson M, Singer S, Hameed MR, Agaram NP. GLI1 Coamplification in Well-Differentiated/Dedifferentiated Liposarcomas: Clinicopathologic and Molecular Analysis of 92 Cases. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100494. [PMID: 38621503 PMCID: PMC11193651 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
GLI1(12q13.3) amplification is identified in a subset of mesenchymal neoplasms with a distinct nested round cell/epithelioid phenotype. MDM2 and CDK4 genes are situated along the oncogenic 12q13-15 segment, amplification of which defines well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS)/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). The 12q amplicon can occasionally include GLI1, a gene in close proximity to CDK4. We hereby describe the first cohort of GLI1/MDM2/CDK4 coamplified WD/DDLPS. The departmental database was queried retrospectively for all cases of WD/DDLPS having undergone next-generation (MSK-IMPACT) sequencing with confirmed MDM2, CDK4, and GLI1 coamplification. Clinicopathologic data was obtained from a review of the medical chart and available histologic material. Four hundred eighty-six WD/DDLPS cases underwent DNA sequencing, 92 (19%) of which harbored amplification of the GLI1 locus in addition to that of MDM2 and CDK4. These included primary tumors (n = 60), local recurrences (n = 29), and metastases (n = 3). Primary tumors were most frequently retroperitoneal (47/60, 78%), mediastinal (4/60, 7%), and paratesticular (3/60, 5%). Average age was 63 years, with a male:female ratio of 3:2. The cohort was comprised of DDLPS (86/92 [93%], 6 of which were WDLPS with early dedifferentiation) and WDLPS without any longitudinal evidence of dedifferentiation (6/92, 7%). One-fifth (13/86, 17%) of DDLPS cases showed no evidence of a well-differentiated component in any of the primary, recurrent, or metastatic specimens. Dedifferentiated areas mostly showed high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma-like (26/86,30%) and high-grade myxofibrosarcoma-like (13/86,16%) morphologies. A disproportionately increased incidence of meningothelial whorls with/without osseous metaplasia was observed as the predominant pattern in 16/86 (19%) cases, and GLI1-altered morphology as described was identified in a total of 10/86 (12%) tumors. JUN (1p32.1), also implicated in the pathogenesis of WD/DDLPS, was coamplified with all 3 of MDM2, CDK4, and GLI1 in 7/91 (8%) cases. Additional loci along chromosomal arms 1p and 6q, including TNFAIP3, LATS1, and ESR1, were also amplified in a subset of cases. In this large-scale cohort of GLI1 coamplified WD/DDLPS, we elucidate uniquely recurrent features including meningothelial whorl-like and GLI-altered morphology in dedifferentiated areas. Assessment of tumor location (retroperitoneal or mediastinal), identification of a well-differentiated liposarcoma component, and coamplification of other spatially discrete genomic segments (1p and 6q) might aid in distinction from tumors with true driver GLI1 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti E Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; Department of Pathology, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Mark Dickson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel Singer
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Meera R Hameed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Narasimhan P Agaram
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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2
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Cui J, Peng R, Zhang Y, Lu Y, He X, Chen M, Zhang H. Case Report: Primary low-grade dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the urinary bladder with molecular confirmation. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1221027. [PMID: 37881487 PMCID: PMC10597670 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1221027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposarcomas originating in the urinary bladder are extremely rare. Only six cases of bladder liposarcoma have been reported, and all have been described as myxoid liposarcomas. Notably, none of the patients underwent molecular testing. Here, we report a dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) that occurred in the urinary bladder, primarily in a 69-year-old Chinese woman, with infrequent low-grade dedifferentiation. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an ill-defined solid mass in the anterior bladder wall. The patient underwent a partial bladder resection. Histologically, the tumor cells with mild-to-moderate nuclear atypia were arranged in fascicular and storiform patterns, mimicking a low-grade fibroblastic tumor. In addition, scattered small foci of typical lipoma-like well-differentiated components were identified. Immunohistochemically, the tumor tested positivity for MDM2, CDK4, and p16. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed MDM2 gene amplification in the neoplastic cells. Whole-exome sequencing showed that this tumor also harbored CDK4, TSPAN31, and JUN amplification. At the latest follow-up (85 months after surgery), the patient was alive, with no evidence of disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a molecularly confirmed primary bladder liposarcoma and the first case of DDL at this site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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3
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Dermawan JK, Rubin BP. The spectrum and significance of secondary (co-occurring) genetic alterations in sarcomas: the hallmarks of sarcomagenesis. J Pathol 2023; 260:637-648. [PMID: 37345731 DOI: 10.1002/path.6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Bone and soft tissue tumors are generally classified into complex karyotype sarcomas versus those with recurrent genetic alterations, often in the form of gene fusions. In this review, we provide an overview of important co-occurring genomic alterations, organized by biological mechanisms and covering a spectrum of genomic alteration types: mutations (single-nucleotide variations or indels) in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, copy number alterations, transcriptomic signatures, genomic complexity indices (e.g. CINSARC), and complex genomic structural variants. We discuss the biological and prognostic roles of these so-called secondary or co-occurring alterations, arguing that recognition and detection of these alterations may be significant for our understanding and management of mesenchymal tumors. On a related note, we also discuss major recurrent alterations in so-called complex karyotype sarcomas. These secondary alterations are essential to sarcomagenesis via a variety of mechanisms, such as inactivation of tumor suppressors, activation of proliferative signal transduction, telomere maintenance, and aberrant regulation of epigenomic/chromatin remodeling players. The use of comprehensive genomic profiling, including targeted next-generation sequencing panels or whole-exome sequencing, may be incorporated into clinical workflows to offer more comprehensive, potentially clinically actionable information. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine K Dermawan
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Brian P Rubin
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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4
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Bevill SM, Casaní-Galdón S, El Farran CA, Cytrynbaum EG, Macias KA, Oldeman SE, Oliveira KJ, Moore MM, Hegazi E, Adriaens C, Najm FJ, Demetri GD, Cohen S, Mullen JT, Riggi N, Johnstone SE, Bernstein BE. Impact of supraphysiologic MDM2 expression on chromatin networks and therapeutic responses in sarcoma. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100321. [PMID: 37492096 PMCID: PMC10363746 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Amplification of MDM2 on supernumerary chromosomes is a common mechanism of P53 inactivation across tumors. Here, we investigated the impact of MDM2 overexpression on chromatin, gene expression, and cellular phenotypes in liposarcoma. Three independent regulatory circuits predominate in aggressive, dedifferentiated tumors. RUNX and AP-1 family transcription factors bind mesenchymal gene enhancers. P53 and MDM2 co-occupy enhancers and promoters associated with P53 signaling. When highly expressed, MDM2 also binds thousands of P53-independent growth and stress response genes, whose promoters engage in multi-way topological interactions. Overexpressed MDM2 concentrates within nuclear foci that co-localize with PML and YY1 and could also contribute to P53-independent phenotypes associated with supraphysiologic MDM2. Importantly, we observe striking cell-to-cell variability in MDM2 copy number and expression in tumors and models. Whereas liposarcoma cells are generally sensitive to MDM2 inhibitors and their combination with pro-apoptotic drugs, MDM2-high cells tolerate them and may underlie the poor clinical efficacy of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Bevill
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Salvador Casaní-Galdón
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chadi A. El Farran
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eli G. Cytrynbaum
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kevin A. Macias
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sylvie E. Oldeman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kayla J. Oliveira
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Molly M. Moore
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Esmat Hegazi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carmen Adriaens
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fadi J. Najm
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George D. Demetri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sonia Cohen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - John T. Mullen
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nicolò Riggi
- Department of Cell and Tissue Genomics (CTG), Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sarah E. Johnstone
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradley E. Bernstein
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Zhou MY, Bui NQ, Charville GW, Ganjoo KN, Pan M. Treatment of De-Differentiated Liposarcoma in the Era of Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119571. [PMID: 37298520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated/de-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS/DDLPS) is one of the most common histologic subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS); however, treatment options remain limited. WDLPS and DDLPS both exhibit the characteristic amplification of chromosome region 12q13-15, which contains the genes CDK4 and MDM2. DDLPS exhibits higher amplification ratios of these two and carries additional genomic lesions, including the amplification of chromosome region 1p32 and chromosome region 6q23, which may explain the more aggressive biology of DDLPS. WDLPS does not respond to systemic chemotherapy and is primarily managed with local therapy, including multiple resections and debulking procedures whenever clinically feasible. In contrast, DDLPS can respond to chemotherapy drugs and drug combinations, including doxorubicin (or doxorubicin in combination with ifosfamide), gemcitabine (or gemcitabine in combination with docetaxel), trabectedin, eribulin, and pazopanib. However, the response rate is generally low, and the response duration is usually short. This review highlights the clinical trials with developmental therapeutics that have been completed or are ongoing, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, MDM2 inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review will also discuss the current landscape in assessing biomarkers for identifying tumors sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Y Zhou
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Nam Q Bui
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Gregory W Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Kristen N Ganjoo
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Minggui Pan
- Sarcoma Program, Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
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6
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The Roles of Exosomes in Metastasis of Sarcoma: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Targets. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030456. [PMID: 36979391 PMCID: PMC10046038 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoma is a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal neoplasms with a high rate of lung metastasis. The cellular mechanisms responsible for sarcoma metastasis remain poorly understood. Furthermore, there are limited efficacious therapeutic strategies for treating metastatic sarcoma. Improved diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are of increasing importance for the treatment of sarcoma due to their high mortality in the advanced stages of the disease. Recent evidence demonstrates that the exosome, a type of extracellular vesicle released by virtually all cells in the body, is an important facilitator of intercellular communication between the cells and the surrounding environment. The exosome is gaining significant attention among the medical research community, but there is little knowledge about how the exosome affects sarcoma metastasis. In this review, we summarize the multifaceted roles of sarcoma-derived exosomes in promoting the process of metastasis via the formation of pre-metastatic niche (PMN), the regulation of immunity, angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and the migration of sarcoma cells. We also highlight the potential of exosomes as innovative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in sarcoma metastasis.
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7
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Traweek RS, Cope BM, Roland CL, Keung EZ, Nassif EF, Erstad DJ. Targeting the MDM2-p53 pathway in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1006959. [PMID: 36439412 PMCID: PMC9684653 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1006959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is an aggressive adipogenic cancer with poor prognosis. DDLPS tumors are only modestly sensitive to chemotherapy and radiation, and there is a need for more effective therapies. Genetically, DDLPS is characterized by a low tumor mutational burden and frequent chromosomal structural abnormalities including amplification of the 12q13-15 chromosomal region and the MDM2 gene, which are defining features of DDLPS. The MDM2 protein is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the tumor suppressor, p53, for proteasomal degradation. MDM2 amplification or overexpression in human malignancies is associated with cell-cycle progression and worse prognosis. The MDM2-p53 interaction has thus garnered interest as a therapeutic target for DDLPS and other malignancies. MDM2 binds p53 via a hydrophobic protein interaction that is easily accessible with synthetic analogues. Multiple agents have been developed, including Nutlins such as RG7112 and small molecular inhibitors including SAR405838 and HDM201. Preclinical in vitro and animal models have shown promising results with MDM2 inhibition, resulting in robust p53 reactivation and cancer cell death. However, multiple early-phase clinical trials have failed to show a benefit with MDM2 pathway inhibition for DDLPS. Mechanisms of resistance are being elucidated, and novel inhibitors and combination therapies are currently under investigation. This review provides an overview of these strategies for targeting MDM2 in DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S. Traweek
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brandon M. Cope
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina L. Roland
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily Z. Keung
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elise F. Nassif
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Derek J. Erstad
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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8
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Kanojia D, Kirtonia A, Srujana NSV, Jeevanandan SP, Shyamsunder P, Sampath SS, Dakle P, Mayakonda A, Kaur H, Yanyi J, Koeffler HP, Garg M. Transcriptome analysis identifies TODL as a novel lncRNA associated with proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis in liposarcoma through FOXM1 Running Title: TODL lncRNA as a potential therapeutic target for liposarcoma. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106462. [PMID: 36167276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Liposarcoma, the most common soft tissue sarcoma, is a group of fat cell mesenchymal tumors with different histological subtypes. The dysregulation of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been observed in human cancers including a few studies in sarcoma. However, the global transcriptome analysis and potential role of lncRNAs remain unexplored in liposarcoma. The present investigation uncovers the transcriptomic profile of liposarcoma by RNA sequencing to gain insight into the global transcriptional changes in liposarcoma. Our RNA sequencing analysis has identified that many oncogenic lncRNAs are differentially expressed in different subtypes of liposarcoma including MALAT1, PVT1, SNHG15, LINC00152, and MIR210HG. Importantly, we identified a highly overexpressed, unannotated, and novel lncRNA in dedifferentiated liposarcomas. We have named it TODL, transcript overexpressed in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. TODL lncRNA displayed significantly higher expression in dedifferentiated liposarcoma cell lines and patient samples. Interestingly, functional studies revealed that TODL lncRNA has an oncogenic function in liposarcoma cells by regulating proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, differentiation, and tumorigenesis in the murine model. Silencing of TODL lncRNA highlighted the enrichment of several key oncogenic signaling pathways including cell cycle, transcriptional misregulation, FOXM1 network, p53 signaling, PLK1 signaling, FoxO, and signaling Aurora signaling pathways. RNA pull-down assay revealed the binding of TODL lncRNA with FOXM1, an oncogenic transcription factor, and the key regulator of the cell cycle. Silencing of TODL lncRNA also induces adipogenesis in dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Altogether, our finding indicates that TODL could be utilized as a novel, specific diagnostic biomarker, and a pharmacological target for therapeutic development in controlling aggressive and metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kanojia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India
| | | | | | - Pavithra Shyamsunder
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | | | - Pushkar Dakle
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Harvinder Kaur
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jiang Yanyi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201313, India.
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9
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Thway K. What’s new in adipocytic neoplasia? Histopathology 2021; 80:76-97. [DOI: 10.1111/his.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit Royal Marsden Hospital London UK
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10
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Establishment and Characterization of NCC-DDLPS4-C1: A Novel Patient-Derived Cell Line of Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111075. [PMID: 34834427 PMCID: PMC8618493 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a highly malignant sarcoma characterized by the co-amplification of MDM2 and CDK4. Although systemic chemotherapy is recommended for unresectable or metastatic cases, DDLPS is insensitive to conventional chemotherapy, leading to an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, novel treatment methods are urgently required. Patient-derived cell lines are essential in preclinical studies. Recently, large-scale screening studies using a number of cell lines have been actively conducted for the development of new therapeutic drugs. However, the DDLPS cell line cannot be obtained from public cell banks owing to its rarity, hindering screening studies. As such, novel DDLPS cell lines need to be established. Accordingly, this study aimed to establish a novel DDLPS cell line from surgical specimens. The cell line was named NCC-DDLPS4-C1. NCC-DDLPS4-C1 cells retained copy number alterations corresponding to the original tumors. Further, the cells demonstrated constant growth, spheroid formation, and equivalent invasiveness to MG63 osteosarcoma cells. We also conducted drug screening and integrated the results with those of the previously reported DDLPS cell lines. Consequently, we identified the histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin as a novel candidate drug. In conclusion, the NCC-DDLPS4-C1 cell line is a useful tool for the basic study of DDLPS.
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Mao Y, Zong Z, Dang Y, Yu L, Liu C, Wang J. Promotion effect of microcystin-LR on liver tumor progression in kras V12 transgenic zebrafish following acute or subacute exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112673. [PMID: 34438271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is widely distributed in the natural environment and causes hepatotoxicity. However, whether MC-LR promotes liver tumor progression remains controversial. krasV12 transgenic zebrafish were used as an inducible liver tumor model to evaluate the potential tumor-promoting effect of MC-LR. First, krasV12 transgenic larvae were exposed to 0, 0.1 and 1 mg/L MC-LR with 20 mg/L doxycycline (Dox) for 4 d. The gray values and histopathological examinations of the liver demonstrated that MC-LR aggravated liver tumor progression, which could be inhibited by the Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) inhibitor compound 5 (CMP5). Second, 1-month-old juvenile transgenic zebrafish were exposed to 0, 20 mg/L Dox, 1 μg/L MC-LR, and 20 mg/L Dox with 0.1 or 1 μg/L MC-LR for 15 d to determine whether the exposure to environmental concentrations of MC-LR promoted hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. We found that environmental concentrations of MC-LR increased the hepatosomatic index (HSI) and gray value (intensity/area) and promoted HCC progression. The results indicate that environmental concentrations of MC-LR have the potential to promote liver tumor progression. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that MC-LR can promote tumor in krasV12 transgenic zebrafish and that the upregulation of prmt5 expression might contribute to MC-LR-mediated promotion of liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Mao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zijing Zong
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yao Dang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Liqin Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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12
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Orellana EA, Liu Q, Yankova E, Pirouz M, De Braekeleer E, Zhang W, Lim J, Aspris D, Sendinc E, Garyfallos DA, Gu M, Ali R, Gutierrez A, Mikutis S, Bernardes GJL, Fischer ES, Bradley A, Vassiliou GS, Slack FJ, Tzelepis K, Gregory RI. METTL1-mediated m 7G modification of Arg-TCT tRNA drives oncogenic transformation. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3323-3338.e14. [PMID: 34352207 PMCID: PMC8380730 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emerging "epitranscriptomics" field is providing insights into the biological and pathological roles of different RNA modifications. The RNA methyltransferase METTL1 catalyzes N7-methylguanosine (m7G) modification of tRNAs. Here we find METTL1 is frequently amplified and overexpressed in cancers and is associated with poor patient survival. METTL1 depletion causes decreased abundance of m7G-modified tRNAs and altered cell cycle and inhibits oncogenicity. Conversely, METTL1 overexpression induces oncogenic cell transformation and cancer. Mechanistically, we find increased abundance of m7G-modified tRNAs, in particular Arg-TCT-4-1, and increased translation of mRNAs, including cell cycle regulators that are enriched in the corresponding AGA codon. Accordingly, Arg-TCT expression is elevated in many tumor types and is associated with patient survival, and strikingly, overexpression of this individual tRNA induces oncogenic transformation. Thus, METTL1-mediated tRNA modification drives oncogenic transformation through a remodeling of the mRNA "translatome" to increase expression of growth-promoting proteins and represents a promising anti-cancer target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Orellana
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eliza Yankova
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Storm Therapeutics Ltd., Moneta Building (B280), Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Mehdi Pirouz
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Etienne De Braekeleer
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jihoon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Demetrios Aspris
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicandrou Papamina Avenue, 2032 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Erdem Sendinc
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Epigenetics Program, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dimitrios A Garyfallos
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Muxin Gu
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Raja Ali
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alejandro Gutierrez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sigitas Mikutis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Gonçalo J L Bernardes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allan Bradley
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Karaiskakio Foundation, Nicandrou Papamina Avenue, 2032 Nicosia, Cyprus; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Konstantinos Tzelepis
- Haematological Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK; Milner Therapeutics Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
| | - Richard I Gregory
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Harvard Initiative for RNA Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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13
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Kripnerová M, Parmar HS, Šána J, Kopková A, Radová L, Sopper S, Biernacki K, Jedlička J, Kohoutová M, Kuncová J, Peychl J, Rudolf E, Červinka M, Houdek Z, Dvořák P, Houfková K, Pešta M, Tůma Z, Dolejšová M, Tichánek F, Babuška V, Leba M, Slabý O, Hatina J. Complex Interplay of Genes Underlies Invasiveness in Fibrosarcoma Progression Model. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112297. [PMID: 34070472 PMCID: PMC8197499 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal tumours, with a great variability in their clinical behaviour. While our knowledge of sarcoma initiation has advanced rapidly in recent years, relatively little is known about mechanisms of sarcoma progression. JUN-murine fibrosarcoma progression series consists of four sarcoma cell lines, JUN-1, JUN-2, JUN-2fos-3, and JUN-3. JUN-1 and -2 were established from a single tumour initiated in a H2K/v-jun transgenic mouse, JUN-3 originates from a different tumour in the same animal, and JUN-2fos-3 results from a targeted in vitro transformation of the JUN-2 cell line. The JUN-1, -2, and -3 cell lines represent a linear progression from the least transformed JUN-2 to the most transformed JUN-3, with regard to all the transformation characteristics studied, while the JUN-2fos-3 cell line exhibits a unique transformation mode, with little deregulation of cell growth and proliferation, but pronounced motility and invasiveness. The invasive sarcoma sublines JUN-2fos-3 and JUN-3 show complex metabolic profiles, with activation of both mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis and a significant increase in spared respiratory capacity. The specific transcriptomic profile of invasive sublines features very complex biological relationships across the identified genes and proteins, with accentuated autocrine control of motility and angiogenesis. Pharmacologic inhibition of one of the autocrine motility factors identified, Ccl8, significantly diminished both motility and invasiveness of the highly transformed fibrosarcoma cell. This progression series could be greatly valuable for deciphering crucial aspects of sarcoma progression and defining new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kripnerová
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Hamendra Singh Parmar
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šána
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Kopková
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Krzysztof Biernacki
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jan Jedlička
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kohoutová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Kuncová
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Peychl
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Červinka
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Houdek
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dvořák
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Houfková
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pešta
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Tůma
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Dolejšová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Tichánek
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Babuška
- Institute of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 301 66 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Leba
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, 301 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slabý
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hatina
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, 323 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
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14
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Lu J, Wood D, Ingley E, Koks S, Wong D. Update on genomic and molecular landscapes of well-differentiated liposarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:3637-3647. [PMID: 33893924 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) is the most frequent subtype of liposarcoma and may transform into dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) which is a more aggressive subtype. Retroperitoneal lesions of WDLPS/DDLPS tend to recur repeatedly due to incomplete resections, and adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy have little effect on patient survival. Consequently, identifying therapeutic targets and developing targeted drugs is critical for improving the outcome of WDLPS/DDLPS patients. In this review, we summarised the mutational landscape of WDLPS/DDLPS from recent studies focusing on potential oncogenic drivers and the development of molecular targeted drugs for DDLPS. Due to the limited number of studies on the molecular networks driving WDLPS to DDLPS development, we looked at other dedifferentiation-related tumours to identify potential parallel mechanisms that could be involved in the dedifferentiation process generating DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia. .,Cell Signalling Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - David Wood
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Evan Ingley
- Cell Signalling Group, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Discipline of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Sulev Koks
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Daniel Wong
- Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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15
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Discovery of novel candidates for anti-liposarcoma therapies by medium-scale high-throughput drug screening. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248140. [PMID: 33690666 PMCID: PMC7946228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of mesenchymal orphan cancers and new treatment alternatives beyond traditional chemotherapeutic regimes are much needed. So far, tumor mutation analysis has not led to significant treatment advances, and we have attempted to bypass this limitation by performing direct drug testing of a library of 353 anti-cancer compounds that are either FDA-approved, in clinical trial, or in advanced stages of preclinical development on a panel of 13 liposarcoma cell lines. We identified and validated six drugs, targeting different mechanisms and with good efficiency across the cell lines: MLN2238 –a proteasome inhibitor, GSK2126458 –a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, JNJ-26481585 –a histone deacetylase inhibitor, triptolide–a multi-target drug, YM155 –a survivin inhibitor, and APO866 (FK866)–a nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase inhibitor. GR50s for those drugs were mostly in the nanomolar range, and in many cases below 10 nM. These drugs had long-lasting effect upon drug withdrawal, limited toxicity to normal cells and good efficacy also against tumor explants. Finally, we identified potential genomic biomarkers of their efficacy. Being approved or in clinical trials, these drugs are promising candidates for liposarcoma treatment.
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16
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Establishment and characterization of a novel cell line, NCC-DDLPS2-C1, derived from a patient with dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Hum Cell 2021; 34:990-997. [PMID: 33555519 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00497-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is a highly aggressive subtype of liposarcoma that is histologically a transition form between an atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma and a non-lipogenic sarcoma. DDLPS is genetically characterized by a complex karyotype with copy number variations and genomic complexity. DDLPS has a poor prognosis, a high local recurrence rate, and refractory behaviors for chemotherapy and radiation, which indicate a requirement for a novel therapeutic strategy for better clinical outcomes. We report here, a novel DDLPS cell line (NCC-DDLPS2-C1) developed from a tumor tissue. NCC-DDLPS2-C1 cells showed an amplified 12q13-15 region and exhibited constant growth, spheroid formation, and invasion. High-throughput drug screening revealed distinct sensitivity between monolayer- and three-dimensional cells. Romidepsin and trabectedin especially showed high anti-proliferative effects in both culture methods of NCC-DDLPS2-C1. Thus, the NCC-DDLPS2-C1 cell line may serve as a useful resource for DDLPS studies.
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17
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MNK1 and MNK2 enforce expression of E2F1, FOXM1, and WEE1 to drive soft tissue sarcoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:1851-1867. [PMID: 33564073 PMCID: PMC7946644 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a heterogeneous disease that arises from connective tissues. Clinical outcome of patients with advanced tumors especially de-differentiated liposarcoma and uterine leiomyosarcoma remains unsatisfactory, despite intensive treatment regimens including maximal surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy. MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 and 2 (MNK1/2) have been shown to contribute to oncogenic translation via phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E). However, little is known about the role of MNK1/2 and their downstream targets in STS. In this study, we show that depletion of either MNK1 or MNK2 suppresses cell viability, anchorage-independent growth, and tumorigenicity of STS cells. We also identify a compelling antiproliferative efficacy of a novel, selective MNK inhibitor ETC-168. Cellular responsiveness of STS cells to ETC-168 correlates positively with that of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6). Mirroring MNK1/2 silencing, ETC-168 treatment strongly blocks eIF4E phosphorylation and represses expression of sarcoma-driving onco-proteins including E2F1, FOXM1, and WEE1. Moreover, combination of ETC-168 and MCL1 inhibitor S63845 exerts a synergistic antiproliferative activity against STS cells. In summary, our study reveals crucial roles of MNK1/2 and their downstream targets in STS tumorigenesis. Our data encourage further clinical translation of MNK inhibitors for STS treatment.
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18
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Tsuchiya R, Yoshimatsu Y, Noguchi R, Sei A, Takeshita F, Sugaya J, Fukushima S, Yoshida A, Ohtori S, Kawai A, Kondo T. Establishment and characterization of NCC-DDLPS1-C1: a novel patient-derived cell line of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Hum Cell 2020; 34:260-270. [PMID: 32949334 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00436-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is one of the four subtypes of liposarcomas; it is characterized by the amplification of the 12q13-15 region, which includes MDM2 and CDK4 genes. DDLPS has an extremely high local recurrence rate and is refractory to chemotherapy and radiation, which leads to poor prognosis. Therefore, a novel therapeutic strategy should be urgently established for improving the prognosis of DDLPS. Although patient-derived cell lines are important tools for basic research, there are no DDLPS cell lines available from public cell banks. Here, we report the establishment of a novel DDLPS cell line. Using the surgically resected tumor tissue from a patient with DDLPS, we established a cell line and named it NCC-DDLPS1-C1. The NCC-DDLPS1-C1 cells contained 12q13-15, 1p32, and 1q23 amplicons and highly expressed MDM2 and CDK4 proteins. NCC-DDLPS-C1 cells exhibited constant growth, spheroid formation, aggressive invasion, and tumorigenesis in mice. By screening a drug library, we identified that the proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of NCC-DDLPS1-C1 cells. We concluded that the NCC-DDLPS1-C1 cell line may serve as a useful tool for basic and pre-clinical studies of DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Tsuchiya
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimatsu
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Rei Noguchi
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akane Sei
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Takeshita
- Department of Translational Oncology, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core Center, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Jun Sugaya
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Suguru Fukushima
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
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19
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Integrated exome and RNA sequencing of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5683. [PMID: 31831742 PMCID: PMC6908635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genomic characteristics of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) that are associated with clinical features remain to be identified. Here, we conduct integrated whole exome and RNA sequencing analysis in 115 DDLPS tumors and perform comparative genomic analysis of well-differentiated and dedifferentiated components from eight DDLPS samples. Several somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs), including the gain of 12q15, are identified as frequent genomic alterations. CTDSP1/2-DNM3OS fusion genes are identified in a subset of DDLPS tumors. Based on the association of SCNAs with clinical features, the DDLPS tumors are clustered into three groups. This clustering can predict the clinical outcome independently. The comparative analysis between well-differentiated and dedifferentiated components identify two categories of genomic alterations: shared alterations, associated with tumorigenesis, and dedifferentiated-specific alterations, associated with malignant transformation. This large-scale genomic analysis reveals the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of DDLPS and provides insights that could contribute to the refinement of DDLPS management. Understanding the genomic features of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is likely to uncover new options for management. Here, the authors reveal three prognostic groups, and highlight molecular markers associated with malignant transformation.
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20
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The PTEN Tumor Suppressor Gene in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081169. [PMID: 31416195 PMCID: PMC6721622 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a rare malignancy of mesenchymal origin classified into more than 50 different subtypes with distinct clinical and pathologic features. Despite the poor prognosis in the majority of patients, only modest improvements in treatment strategies have been achieved, largely due to the rarity and heterogeneity of these tumors. Therefore, the discovery of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers, together with new therapeutic targets, is of enormous interest. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a well-known tumor suppressor that commonly loses its function via mutation, deletion, transcriptional silencing, or protein instability, and is frequently downregulated in distinct sarcoma subtypes. The loss of PTEN function has consequent alterations in important pathways implicated in cell proliferation, survival, migration, and genomic stability. PTEN can also interact with other tumor suppressors and oncogenic signaling pathways that have important implications for the pathogenesis in certain STSs. The aim of the present review is to summarize the biological significance of PTEN in STS and its potential role in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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21
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Ou WB, Ni N, Zuo R, Zhuang W, Zhu M, Kyriazoglou A, Wu D, Eilers G, Demetri GD, Qiu H, Li B, Marino-Enriquez A, Fletcher JA. Cyclin D1 is a mediator of gastrointestinal stromal tumor KIT-independence. Oncogene 2019; 38:6615-6629. [PMID: 31371779 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA tyrosine kinase mutations are compelling therapeutic targets in most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), and the KIT inhibitor, imatinib, is therefore standard of care for patients with metastatic GIST. However, some GISTs lose expression of KIT oncoproteins, and therefore become KIT-independent and are consequently resistant to KIT-inhibitor drugs. We identified distinctive biologic features in KIT-independent, imatinib-resistant GISTs as a step towards identifying drug targets in these poorly understood tumors. We developed isogenic GIST lines in which the parental forms were KIT oncoprotein-dependent, whereas sublines had loss of KIT oncoprotein expression, accompanied by markedly downregulated expression of the GIST biomarker, protein kinase C-theta (PRKCQ). Biologic mechanisms unique to KIT-independent GISTs were identified by transcriptome sequencing, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, protein interaction studies, knockdown and expression assays, and dual-luciferase assays. Transcriptome sequencing showed that cyclin D1 expression was extremely low in two of three parental KIT-dependent GIST lines, whereas cyclin D1 expression was high in each of the KIT-independent GIST sublines. Cyclin D1 inhibition in KIT-independent GISTs had anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects, associated with Rb activation and p27 upregulation. PRKCQ, but not KIT, was a negative regulator of cyclin D1 expression, whereas JUN and Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ were positive regulators of cyclin D1 expression. PRKCQ, JUN, and the Hippo pathway coordinately regulate GIST cyclin D1 expression. These findings highlight the roles of PRKCQ, JUN, Hippo, and cyclin D1 as oncogenic mediators in GISTs that have converted, during TKI-therapy, to a KIT-independent state. Inhibitors of these pathways could be effective therapeutically for these now untreatable tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Ou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Nan Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihao Zhuang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meijun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anastasios Kyriazoglou
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Duolin Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Grant Eilers
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - George D Demetri
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center and Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Division of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Adrian Marino-Enriquez
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan A Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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22
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Codenotti S, Mansoury W, Pinardi L, Monti E, Marampon F, Fanzani A. Animal models of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma: utility and limitations. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:5257-5268. [PMID: 31308696 PMCID: PMC6613351 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s175710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of fat tissue. Well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (WDL/DDL) represent the two most clinically observed histotypes occurring in middle-aged to older adults, particularly within the retroperitoneum or extremities. WDL/DDL are thought to represent the broad spectrum of one disease, as they are both associated with the amplification in the chromosomal 12q13-15 region that causes MDM2 and CDK4 overexpression, the most useful predictor for liposarcoma diagnosis. In comparison to WDL, DDL contains additional genetic abnormalities, principally coamplifications of 1p32 and 6q23, that increase recurrence and metastatic rate. In this review, we discuss the xenograft and transgenic animal models generated for studying progression of WDL/DDL, highlighting utilities and pitfalls in such approaches that can facilitate or impede the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Codenotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Walaa Mansoury
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Pinardi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenio Monti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, Policlinico Umberto I, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanzani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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23
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Bromodomain and extraterminal proteins foster the core transcriptional regulatory programs and confer vulnerability in liposarcoma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1353. [PMID: 30903020 PMCID: PMC6430783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09257-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposarcomas (LPSs) are a group of malignant mesenchymal tumors showing adipocytic differentiation. Here, to gain insight into the enhancer dysregulation and transcriptional addiction in this disease, we chart super-enhancer structures in both LPS tissues and cell lines. We identify a bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) protein-cooperated FUS-DDIT3 function in myxoid LPS and a BET protein-dependent core transcriptional regulatory circuitry consisting of FOSL2, MYC, and RUNX1 in de-differentiated LPS. Additionally, SNAI2 is identified as a crucial downstream target that enforces both proliferative and metastatic potentials to de-differentiated LPS cells. Genetic depletion of BET genes, core transcriptional factors, or SNAI2 mitigates consistently LPS malignancy. We also reveal a compelling susceptibility of LPS cells to BET protein degrader ARV-825. BET protein depletion confers additional advantages to circumvent acquired resistance to Trabectedin, a chemotherapy drug for LPS. Moreover, this study provides a framework for discovering and targeting of core oncogenic transcriptional programs in human cancers. Liposarcoma (LPS) is a rare cancer that can acquire resistance to chemotherapy. Here, the authors map super-enhancers in LPS, finding BET-protein dependent mechanisms that can be targeted by a BET protein degrader, which also can overcome acquired resistance to chemotherapy in LPS.
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24
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Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL)/atypical lipomatous tumor and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) together comprise the largest subgroup of liposarcomas, and constitute a histologic and behavioral spectrum of one disease. WDL and DDL typically occur in middle-aged to older adults, particularly within the retroperitoneum or extremities. WDL closely resembles mature adipose tissue, but typically shows fibrous septation with variable nuclear atypia and enlargement. WDL does not metastasize, but can dedifferentiate to DDL, which is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior, with a greater propensity for local recurrence and the capacity for metastasis. Although distant metastasis is rarer in DDL compared with other pleomorphic sarcomas, behavior is related to location, with a significantly worse outcome in retroperitoneal tumors. DDL typically has the appearance of undifferentiated pleomorphic or spindle cell sarcoma, and is usually a non-lipogenic sarcoma that is adjacent to WDL, occurs as a recurrence of WDL or which can arise de novo. WDL and DDL share similar background genetic aberrations; both are associated with high-level amplifications in the chromosomal 12q13-15 region, which includes the CDK4 and MDM2 cell cycle oncogenes. In addition, DDL harbor further genetic changes, particularly 6q23 and 1p32 coamplifications. While surgical excision remains the treatment mainstay with limited medical options for patients with aggressive recurrent disease or metastases, novel targeted therapies towards the gene products of chromosome 12 are being evaluated. This review summarizes the pathology of WDL and DDL, discussing morphology, immunohistochemistry, genetics and the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, United Kingdom.
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25
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Abstract
Adipocytic neoplasms include a diversity of both benign tumors (lipomas) and malignancies (liposarcomas), and each tumor type is characterized by its own unique molecular alterations driving tumorigenesis. Work over the past 30 years has established the diagnostic utility of several of these characteristic molecular alterations (e.g. MDM2 amplification in well- and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, FUS/EWSR1-DDIT3 gene fusions in myxoid liposarcoma, RB1 loss in spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma). More recent studies have focused on additional molecular alterations which may have therapeutic or prognostic impact. This review will summarize several of the important molecular findings in adipocytic tumors that have been described over the past 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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26
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Co-expression of MDM2 and CDK4 in transformed human mesenchymal stem cells causes high-grade sarcoma with a dedifferentiated liposarcoma-like morphology. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1309-1320. [PMID: 31160689 PMCID: PMC6760642 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0263-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification and overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 are well-known diagnostic criteria for well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS)/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS). Although it was reported that the depletion of MDM2 or CDK4 decreased proliferation in DDLPS cell lines, whether MDM2 and CDK4 induce WDLPS/DDLPS tumorigenesis remains unclear. We examined whether MDM2 and/or CDK4 cause WDLPS/DDLPS, using two types of transformed human bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs), 2H and 5H, with five oncogenic hits (overexpression of hTERT, TP53 degradation, RB inactivation, c-MYC stabilization, and overexpression of HRASv12). In vitro functional experiments revealed that the co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 plays a key role in tumorigenesis by increasing cell growth and migration and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation potency when compared with the sole expression of MDM2 or CDK4. Using mouse xenograft models, we found that the co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4 in 5H cells with five additional oncogenic mutations can cause proliferative sarcoma with a DDLPS-like morphology in vivo. Our results suggest that the co-overexpression of MDM2 and CDK4, along with multiple genetic factors, increases the tendency for high-grade sarcoma with a DDLPS-like morphology in transformed human BMSCs by accelerating their growth and migration and blocking their adipogenic potential.
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27
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Somaiah N, Beird HC, Barbo A, Song J, Mills Shaw KR, Wang WL, Eterovic K, Chen K, Lazar A, Conley AP, Ravi V, Hwu P, Futreal A, Simon G, Meric-Bernstam F, Hong D. Targeted next generation sequencing of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma reveals novel gene amplifications and mutations. Oncotarget 2018; 9:19891-19899. [PMID: 29731991 PMCID: PMC5929434 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma is a common soft tissue sarcoma with approximately 1500 new cases per year. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment but recurrences are frequent and systemic options are limited. 'Tumor genotyping' is becoming more common in clinical practice as it offers the hope of personalized targeted therapy. We wanted to evaluate the results and the clinical utility of available next-generation sequencing panels in WD/DD liposarcoma. Patients who had their tumor sequenced by either FoundationOne (n = 13) or the institutional T200/T200.1 panels (n = 7) were included in this study. Significant copy number alterations were identified, but mutations were infrequent. Out of the 27 mutations detected in 7 samples, 8 (CTNNB1, MECOM, ZNF536, EGFR, EML4, CSMD3, PBRM1, PPP1R3A) were identified as deleterious (on Condel, PolyPhen and SIFT) and a truncating mutation was found in NF2. Of these, EGFR and NF2 are potential driver mutations and have not been reported previously in liposarcoma. MDM2 and CDK4 amplification was universally present in all the tested samples and multiple other recurrent genes with high amplification or high deletion were detected. Many of these targets are potentially actionable. Eight patients went on to receive an MDM2 inhibitor with a median time to progression of 23 months (95% CI: 10-83 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Somaiah
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Hannah C Beird
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Barbo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Juhee Song
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Kenna R. Mills Shaw
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy (IPCT), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Karina Eterovic
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy (IPCT), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Khalifa Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy (IPCT), University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Lazar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Anthony P. Conley
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Vinod Ravi
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Division Chair, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - George Simon
- Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
| | - David Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
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28
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Yang P, Chen W, Li X, Eilers G, He Q, Liu L, Wu Y, Wu Y, Yu W, Fletcher JA, Ou WB. Downregulation of cyclin D1 sensitizes cancer cells to MDM2 antagonist Nutlin-3. Oncotarget 2018; 7:32652-63. [PMID: 27129163 PMCID: PMC5078041 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The MDM2-p53 pathway has a prominent oncogenic function in the pathogenesis of various cancers. Nutlin-3, a small-molecule antagonist of MDM2-p53 interaction, inhibits proliferation in cancer cells with wild-type p53. Herein, we evaluate the expression of MDM2, both the full length and a splicing variant MDM2-A, and the sensitivity of Nutlin-3 in different cancer cell lines. Included are seven cell lines with wild-type p53 (four mesothelioma, one breast cancer, one chondrosarcoma, and one leiomyosarcoma), two liposarcoma cell lines harboring MDM2 amplification and wild-type p53, and one mesothelioma cell line harboring a p53 point mutation. Nutlin-3 treatment increased expression of cyclin D1, MDM2, and p53 in cell lines with wild-type p53. Additive effects were observed in cells containing wild-type p53 through coordinated attack on MDM2-p53 binding and cyclin D1 by lentivirual shRNA knockdown or small molecule inhibition, as demonstrated by immunoblots and cell viability analyses. Further results demonstrate that MDM2 binds to cyclin D1, and that an increase in cyclin D1 expression after Nutlin-3 treatment is correlated with expression and ubiquitin E3-ligase activity of MDM2. MDM2 and p53 knockdown experiments demonstrated inhibition of cyclin D1 by MDM2 but not p53. These results indicate that combination inhibition of cyclin D1 and MDM2-p53 binding warrants clinical evaluation as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer cells harboring wild-type p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weicai Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Grant Eilers
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Quan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeqing Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan A Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wen-Bin Ou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Kanojia D, Garg M, Martinez J, M T A, Luty SB, Doan NB, Said JW, Forscher C, Tyner JW, Koeffler HP. Kinase profiling of liposarcomas using RNAi and drug screening assays identified druggable targets. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:173. [PMID: 29132397 PMCID: PMC5683536 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liposarcoma, the most common soft tissue tumor, is understudied cancer, and limited progress has been made in the treatment of metastatic disease. The Achilles heel of cancer often is their kinases that are excellent therapeutic targets. However, very limited knowledge exists of therapeutic critical kinase targets in liposarcoma that could be potentially used in disease management. METHODS Large RNAi and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor screens were performed against the proliferative capacity of liposarcoma cell lines of different subtypes. Each small molecule inhibitor was either FDA approved or in a clinical trial. RESULTS Screening assays identified several previously unrecognized targets including PTK2 and KIT in liposarcoma. We also observed that ponatinib, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was the most effective drug with anti-growth effects against all cell lines. In vitro assays showed that ponatinib inhibited the clonogenic proliferation of liposarcoma, and this anti-growth effect was associated with apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase as well as a decrease in the KIT signaling pathway. In addition, ponatinib inhibited in vivo growth of liposarcoma in a xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS Two large-scale kinase screenings identified novel liposarcoma targets and a FDA-approved inhibitor, ponatinib with clear anti-liposarcoma activity highlighting its potential therapy for treatment of this deadly tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kanojia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Martinez
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Anand M T
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Samuel B Luty
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Ngan B Doan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan W Said
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, 90095, USA
| | - Charles Forscher
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Cell, Developmental & Cancer, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, 90048, USA.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
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30
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Asano N, Yoshida A, Mitani S, Kobayashi E, Shiotani B, Komiyama M, Fujimoto H, Chuman H, Morioka H, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Kubo T, Kato M, Kohno T, Kawai A, Kondo T, Ichikawa H. Frequent amplification of receptor tyrosine kinase genes in welldifferentiated/ dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12941-12952. [PMID: 28099935 PMCID: PMC5355068 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) are closely related tumors commonly characterized by MDM2/CDK4 gene amplification, and lack clinically effective treatment options when inoperable. To identify novel therapeutic targets, we performed targeted genomic sequencing analysis of 19 WDLPS and 37 DDLPS tumor samples using a panel of 104 cancer-related genes (NCC oncopanel v3) developed specifically for genomic testing to select suitable molecular targeted therapies. The results of this analysis indicated that these sarcomas had very few gene mutations and a high frequency of amplifications of not only MDM2 and CDK4 but also other genes. Potential driver mutations were found in only six (11%) samples; however, gene amplification events (other than MDM2 and CDK4 amplification) were identified in 30 (54%) samples. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes in particular were amplified in 18 (32%) samples. In addition, growth of a WDLPS cell line with IGF1R amplification was suppressed by simultaneous inhibition of CDK4 and IGF1R, using palbociclib and NVP-AEW541, respectively. Combination therapy with CDK4 and RTK inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic option for WDLPS/DDLPS patients with RTK gene amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Asano
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Mitani
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Eisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Bunsyo Shiotani
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Motokiyo Komiyama
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Chuman
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hideo Morioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Division of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Center-Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kato
- Department of Bioinformatics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Center-Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Akira Kawai
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.,Division of Translational Genomics, National Cancer Center-Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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31
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Ricciotti RW, Baraff AJ, Jour G, Kyriss M, Wu Y, Liu Y, Li SC, Hoch B, Liu YJ. High amplification levels of MDM2 and CDK4 correlate with poor outcome in patients with dedifferentiated liposarcoma: A cytogenomic microarray analysis of 47 cases. Cancer Genet 2017; 218-219:69-80. [PMID: 29153098 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) is characterized at the molecular level by amplification of genes within 12q13-15 including MDM2 and CDK4. However, other than FNCLCC grade, prognostic markers are limited. We aim to identify molecular prognostic markers for DDLS to help risk stratify patients. To this end, we studied 49 cases of DDLS in our institutional archives and performed cytogenomic microarray analysis on 47 cases. Gene copy numbers for 12 loci were evaluated and correlated with outcome data retrieved from our institutional electronic medical records. Using cut point analysis and comparison of Kaplan-Meier survival curves by log rank tests, high amplification levels of MDM2 (>38 copies) and CDK4 (>30 copies) correlated with decreased disease free survival (DFS) (P = .0168 and 0.0169 respectively) and disease specific survival (DSS) (P = .0082 and 0.0140 respectively). Additionally, MDM2 and CDK4 showed evidence of a synergistic effect so that each additional copy of one enhances the effect on prognosis of each additional copy of the other for decreased DFS (P = .0227, 0.1% hazard). High amplification of JUN (>16 copies) also correlated with decreased DFS (P = .0217), but not DSS. The presence of copy number alteration at 3q29 correlated with decreased DSS (P = .0192). The presence of >10 mitoses per 10 high power fields and FNCLCC grade 3 also correlated with decreased DFS (P = .0310 and 0.0254 respectively). MDM2 and CDK4 gene amplification levels, along with JUN amplification and copy alterations at 3q29, can be utilized for predicting outcome in patients with DDLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Ricciotti
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Aaron J Baraff
- Department of BioStatistics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - George Jour
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Camden, NJ
| | | | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Yuhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Shao-Chun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, PR China
| | - Benjamin Hoch
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
| | - Yajuan J Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
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32
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Mandahl N, Magnusson L, Nilsson J, Viklund B, Arbajian E, von Steyern FV, Isaksson A, Mertens F. Scattered genomic amplification in dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:25. [PMID: 28652867 PMCID: PMC5483303 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT), well differentiated liposarcoma (WDLS) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLS) are cytogenetically characterized by near-diploid karyotypes with no or few other aberrations than supernumerary ring or giant marker chromosomes, although DDLS tend to have somewhat more complex rearrangements. In contrast, pleomorphic liposarcomas (PLS) have highly aberrant and heterogeneous karyotypes. The ring and giant marker chromosomes contain discontinuous amplicons, in particular including multiple copies of the target genes CDK4, HMGA2 and MDM2 from 12q, but often also sequences from other chromosomes. Results The present study presents a DDLS with an atypical hypertriploid karyotype without any ring or giant marker chromosomes. SNP array analyses revealed amplification of almost the entire 5p and discontinuous amplicons of 12q including the classical target genes, in particular CDK4. In addition, amplicons from 1q, 3q, 7p, 9p, 11q and 20q, covering from 2 to 14 Mb, were present. FISH analyses showed that sequences from 5p and 12q were scattered, separately or together, over more than 10 chromosomes of varying size. At RNA sequencing, significantly elevated expression, compared to myxoid liposarcomas, was seen for TRIO and AMACR in 5p and of CDK4, HMGA2 and MDM2 in 12q. Conclusions The observed pattern of scattered amplification does not show the characteristics of chromothripsis, but is novel and differs from the well known cytogenetic manifestations of amplification, i.e., double minutes, homogeneously staining regions and ring chromosomes. Possible explanations for this unusual distribution of amplified sequences might be the mechanism of alternative lengthening of telomeres that is frequently active in DDLS and events associated with telomere crisis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13039-017-0325-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Mandahl
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Linda Magnusson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nilsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Viklund
- Array and Analysis Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elsa Arbajian
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Vult von Steyern
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Isaksson
- Array and Analysis Facility, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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33
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Kanojia D, Nagata Y, Garg M, Lee DH, Sato A, Yoshida K, Sato Y, Sanada M, Mayakonda A, Bartenhagen C, Klein HU, Doan NB, Said JW, Mohith S, Gunasekar S, Shiraishi Y, Chiba K, Tanaka H, Miyano S, Myklebost O, Yang H, Dugas M, Meza-Zepeda LA, Silberman AW, Forscher C, Tyner JW, Ogawa S, Koeffler HP. Genomic landscape of liposarcoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:42429-44. [PMID: 26643872 PMCID: PMC4767443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma accounting for 20% of all adult sarcomas. Due to absence of clinically effective treatment options in inoperable situations and resistance to chemotherapeutics, a critical need exists to identify novel therapeutic targets. We analyzed LPS genomic landscape using SNP arrays, whole exome sequencing and targeted exome sequencing to uncover the genomic information for development of specific anti-cancer targets. SNP array analysis indicated known amplified genes (MDM2, CDK4, HMGA2) and important novel genes (UAP1, MIR557, LAMA4, CPM, IGF2, ERBB3, IGF1R). Carboxypeptidase M (CPM), recurrently amplified gene in well-differentiated/de-differentiated LPS was noted as a putative oncogene involved in the EGFR pathway. Notable deletions were found at chromosome 1p (RUNX3, ARID1A), chromosome 11q (ATM, CHEK1) and chromosome 13q14.2 (MIR15A, MIR16-1). Significantly and recurrently mutated genes (false discovery rate < 0.05) included PLEC (27%), MXRA5 (21%), FAT3 (24%), NF1 (20%), MDC1 (10%), TP53 (7%) and CHEK2 (6%). Further, in vitro and in vivo functional studies provided evidence for the tumor suppressor role for Neurofibromin 1 (NF1) gene in different subtypes of LPS. Pathway analysis of recurrent mutations demonstrated signaling through MAPK, JAK-STAT, Wnt, ErbB, axon guidance, apoptosis, DNA damage repair and cell cycle pathways were involved in liposarcomagenesis. Interestingly, we also found mutational and copy number heterogeneity within a primary LPS tumor signifying the importance of multi-region sequencing for cancer-genome guided therapy. In summary, these findings provide insight into the genomic complexity of LPS and highlight potential druggable pathways for targeted therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kanojia
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasunobu Nagata
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manoj Garg
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dhong Hyun Lee
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aiko Sato
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshida
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masashi Sanada
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Advanced Diagnosis, Clinical Research Center, Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anand Mayakonda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Hans-Ulrich Klein
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ngan B Doan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Santa Monica-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan W Said
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Santa Monica-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S Mohith
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Swetha Gunasekar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuichi Shiraishi
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chiba
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyano
- Laboratory of DNA Information Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Sequence Analysis, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium and Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Leonardo A Meza-Zepeda
- Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium and Department of Tumor Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Allan W Silberman
- Department of Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Division of Surgical Oncology, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Charles Forscher
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Tyner
- Knight Cancer Institute, Cell and Developmental Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Seishi Ogawa
- Department of Pathology and Tumor Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Phillip Koeffler
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.,National University Cancer Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Bill KLJ, Casadei L, Prudner BC, Iwenofu H, Strohecker AM, Pollock RE. Liposarcoma: molecular targets and therapeutic implications. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3711-8. [PMID: 27173057 PMCID: PMC7175098 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma and accounts for approximately 20 % of all adult sarcomas. Current treatment modalities (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) all have limitations; therefore, molecularly driven studies are needed to improve the identification and increased understanding of genetic and epigenetic deregulations in LPS if we are to successfully target specific tumorigenic drivers. It can be anticipated that such biology-driven therapeutics will improve treatments by selectively deleting cancer cells while sparing normal tissues. This review will focus on several therapeutically actionable molecular markers identified in well-differentiated LPS and dedifferentiated LPS, highlighting their potential clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lynn J Bill
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Lucia Casadei
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Bethany C Prudner
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hans Iwenofu
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Anne M Strohecker
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Raphael E Pollock
- The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, 410W 10th Ave., Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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35
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Ou WB, Zhu J, Eilers G, Li X, Kuang Y, Liu L, Mariño-Enríquez A, Yan Z, Li H, Meng F, Zhou H, Sheng Q, Fletcher JA. HDACi inhibits liposarcoma via targeting of the MDM2-p53 signaling axis and PTEN, irrespective of p53 mutational status. Oncotarget 2016; 6:10510-20. [PMID: 25888633 PMCID: PMC4496371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The MDM2-p53 pathway plays a prominent role in well-differentiated liposarcoma (LPS) pathogenesis. Here, we explore the importance of MDM2 amplification and p53 mutation in LPS independently, to determine whether HDACi are therapeutically useful in LPS. We demonstrated that simultaneous knockdown of MDM2 and p53 in p53-mutant LPS lines resulted in increased apoptosis, anti-proliferative effects, and cell cycle arrest, as compared to either intervention alone. HDACi treatment resulted in the dephosphorylation and depletion of MDM2 and p53 without affecting CDK4 and JUN expression, irrespective of p53 mutational status in MDM2-amplified LPS. In control mesothelioma cell lines, HDACi treatment resulted in down-regulation of p53 in the p53 mutant cell line JMN1B, but resulted in no changes of MDM2 and p53 in two mesothelioma lines with normal MDM2 and wild-type p53. HDACi treatment substantially decreased LPS and mesothelioma proliferation and survival, and was associated with upregulation of PTEN and p21, and inactivation of AKT. Our findings indicate that wild-type p53 depletion by HDACi is MDM2 amplification-dependent. These findings underscore the importance of targeting both MDM2 and p53 in LPS and other cancers harboring p53 mutations. Moreover, the pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effect of HDACi warrants further evaluation as a therapeutic strategy in MDM2-amplified LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Ou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiaqing Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Grant Eilers
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuhui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Kuang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Adrián Mariño-Enríquez
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ziqin Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fanguo Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haimeng Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Enzymology, Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan A Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: Updates on Morphology, Genetics, and Therapeutic Strategies. Adv Anat Pathol 2016; 23:30-40. [PMID: 26645460 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Well-differentiated liposarcoma (WDL) and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL) form the largest subgroup of liposarcomas, and represent a morphologic and behavioral spectrum of 1 disease entity, which arises typically in middle to late adult life, most frequently within the retroperitoneum or extremities. DDL is defined as nonlipogenic sarcoma that is juxtaposed to WDL, occurs as a recurrence of WDL or which can arise de novo, and typically has the appearance of undifferentiated pleomorphic or spindle cell sarcoma. DDL have a propensity for local recurrence, whereas distant metastasis is rarer, and behavior is related to anatomic site, with retroperitoneal neoplasms showing a significantly worse prognosis. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of treatment, and medical options for patients with aggressive recurrent or metastatic disease are limited. DDL share similar genetic abnormalities to WDL, with high-level amplifications of chromosome 12q14-15, including the MDM2 and CDK4 cell cycle oncogenes, and DDL harbor additional genetic changes, particularly coamplifications of 6q23 and 1p32. Novel therapies targeted at the gene products of chromosome 12 are being tested in clinical trials. We review the pathology and genetics of DDL, discussing morphologic patterns, immunohistochemical and genetic findings, the differential diagnosis, and future therapeutic strategies.
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37
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May CD, Garnett J, Ma X, Landers SM, Ingram DR, Demicco EG, Al Sannaa GA, Vu T, Han L, Zhang Y, Kivlin CM, Bolshakov S, Kalam AA, Liu J, Zhou F, Broccoli D, Wang WL, Lazar AJ, Pollock RE, Lev D, Torres KE. AXL is a potential therapeutic target in dedifferentiated and pleomorphic liposarcomas. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:901. [PMID: 26573603 PMCID: PMC4647521 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AXL is a well-characterized, protumorigenic receptor tyrosine kinase that is highly expressed and activated in numerous human carcinomas and sarcomas, including aggressive subtypes of liposarcoma. However, the role of AXL in the pathogenesis of well-differentiated (WDLPS), dedifferentiated (DDLPS), and pleomorphic liposarcoma (PLS) has not yet been determined. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis of AXL expression was conducted on two tissue microarrays containing patient WDLPS, DDLPS, and PLS samples. A panel of DDLPS and PLS cell lines were interrogated via western blot for AXL expression and activity and by ELISA for growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) production. AXL knockdown was achieved by siRNA or shRNA. The effects of AXL knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were measured in vitro. In addition, AXL shRNA-containing DDLPS cells were assessed for their tumor-forming capacity in vivo. RESULTS In this study, we determined that AXL is expressed in a subset of WDLPS, DDLPS, and PLS patient tumor samples. In addition, AXL and its ligand GAS6 are expressed in a panel of DDLPS and PLS cell lines. We show that the in vitro activation of AXL via stimulation with exogenous GAS6 resulted in a significant increase in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in DDLPS and PLS cell lines. Transient knockdown of AXL resulted in attenuation of these protumorigenic phenotypes in vitro. Stable AXL knockdown not only decreased migratory and invasive characteristics of DDLPS and PLS cells in vitro but also significantly diminished tumorigenicity of two dedifferentiated liposarcoma xenograft models in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that AXL signaling contributes to the aggressiveness of DDLPS and PLS, and that AXL is therefore a potential therapeutic target for treatment of these rare, yet devastating tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D. May
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX USA
| | - Jeannine Garnett
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - XiaoYan Ma
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sharon M. Landers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Davis R. Ingram
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Demicco
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ghadah A. Al Sannaa
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Tona Vu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Lixia Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Christine M. Kivlin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX USA
| | - Svetlana Bolshakov
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Azad Abul Kalam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Juehui Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Fuguo Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Dominique Broccoli
- Curtis and Elizabeth Anderson Cancer Institute, Memorial University Medical Center, Savannah, GA USA
| | - Wei-Lien Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Alexander J. Lazar
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX USA ,Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | | | - Dina Lev
- Department of Surgery, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Keila E. Torres
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA ,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX USA
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Saâda-Bouzid E, Burel-Vandenbos F, Ranchère-Vince D, Birtwisle-Peyrottes I, Chetaille B, Bouvier C, Château MC, Peoc'h M, Battistella M, Bazin A, Gal J, Michiels JF, Coindre JM, Pedeutour F, Bianchini L. Prognostic value of HMGA2, CDK4, and JUN amplification in well-differentiated and dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:1404-14. [PMID: 26336885 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
HMGA2, CDK4, and JUN genes have been described as frequently coamplified with MDM2 in atypical lipomatous tumor, well-differentiated liposarcoma, and dedifferentiated liposarcoma. We studied the frequency of amplification of these genes in a series of 48 dedifferentiated liposarcomas and 68 atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas. We correlated their amplification status with clinicopathological features and outcomes. Histologically, both CDK4 (P=0.007) and JUN (P=0.005) amplifications were associated with dedifferentiated liposarcoma, whereas amplification of the proximal parts of HMGA2 (5'-untranslated region (UTR) and exons 1-3) was associated with atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (P=0.01). CDK4 amplification was associated with axial tumors. Amplification of 5'-UTR and exons 1-3 of HMGA2 was associated with primary status and grade 1. Shorter overall survival was correlated with: age >64 years (P=0.03), chemotherapy used in first intent (P<0.001), no surgery (P=0.003), grade 3 (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P<0.001), node involvement (P=0.006), and CDK4 amplification (P=0.07). In multivariate analysis, distant metastasis (HR=8.8) and grade 3 (HR=18.2) were associated with shorter overall survival. A shorter recurrence-free survival was associated with dedifferentiated liposarcoma (P<0.001), grade 3 (P<0.001), node involvement (P<0.001), distant metastasis (P=0.02), recurrent status (P=0.009), axial location (P=0.001), and with molecular features such as CDK4 (P=0.05) and JUN amplification (P=0.07). Amplification of 5'-UTR and exons 1-3 (P=0.08) and 3'-UTR (P=0.01) of HMGA2 were associated with longer recurrence-free survival. Distant metastasis was associated with shorter recurrence-free survival (HR=5.8) in multivariate analysis. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma type was associated with axial location, grade 3 and recurrent status. In conclusion, we showed that the amplification of HMGA2 was associated with the atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma histological type and a good prognosis, whereas CDK4 and JUN amplifications were associated with dedifferentiated liposarcoma histology and a bad prognosis. In addition, we also provided the first description of the molecular evolution of a well-differentiated liposarcoma into four successive dedifferentiated liposarcoma relapses, which was consistent with our general observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Saâda-Bouzid
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, IRCAN, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Chetaille
- Biopathology Department, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Corinne Bouvier
- Pathology Department, Marseille University Hospital La Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | - Michel Peoc'h
- Laboratory of Pathology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Maxime Battistella
- Laboratory of Pathology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Saint-Louis Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Bazin
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, IRCAN, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France
| | - Jocelyn Gal
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, IRCAN, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Laurence Bianchini
- Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, IRCAN, Nice University Hospital, Nice, France.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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39
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Toulmonde M, Le Cesne A, Piperno-Neumann S, Penel N, Chevreau C, Duffaud F, Bellera C, Italiano A. Aplidin in patients with advanced dedifferentiated liposarcomas: a French Sarcoma Group Single-Arm Phase II study. Ann Oncol 2015; 26:1465-70. [PMID: 26041763 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical data have suggested a therapeutic role of JUN pathway activation in dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) tumorigenesis. Aplidin is a drug inducing apoptosis through a strong, sustained activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. METHODS This phase II trial included patients with progressive advanced DDLPS. They received Aplidin 5 mg/m(2) days 1-15, 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was the 3-month nonprogression rate (PFS3) defined as the proportion of patients with nonprogressive disease at 3 months. A PFS3 of 40% considered as a reasonable objective to claim drug efficacy. RESULTS Between August 2012 and May 2013, 24 patients were included. Sixteen had received prior chemotherapy. Twenty-two were assessable for efficacy. The PFS3 was 9.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-29.2]. Median progression-free and overall survivals were 1.6 months (95% CI 1.4-2.6) and 9.2 months (95% CI 6.6-). The most frequent adverse events of any grade were nausea, fatigue, anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea. CONCLUSION Aplidin did not meet the primary end point of this trial and do not deserve further investigation in DDLPS. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01876043.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toulmonde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux
| | - A Le Cesne
- Department of Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif
| | | | - N Penel
- Department of Medicine, Centre Oscar Lambret, Lille
| | - C Chevreau
- Department of Medicine, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse
| | - F Duffaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital La Timone, Marseille
| | - C Bellera
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux Data Center for Cancer Clinical Trials, CTD-INCa, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Italiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux
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40
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Matthyssens LE, Creytens D, Ceelen WP. Retroperitoneal liposarcoma: current insights in diagnosis and treatment. Front Surg 2015; 2:4. [PMID: 25713799 PMCID: PMC4322543 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2015.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLS) is a rare, biologically heterogeneous tumor that present considerable challenges due to its size and deep location. As a consequence, the majority of patients with high-grade RLS will develop locally recurrent disease following surgery, and this constitutes the cause of death in most patients. Here, we review current insights and controversies regarding histology, molecular biology, extent of surgery, (neo)adjuvant treatment, and systemic treatment including novel targeted agents in RLS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Creytens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Wim P Ceelen
- Department of Surgery, Ghent University Hospital , Ghent , Belgium
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41
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Garsed DW, Marshall OJ, Corbin VDA, Hsu A, Di Stefano L, Schröder J, Li J, Feng ZP, Kim BW, Kowarsky M, Lansdell B, Brookwell R, Myklebost O, Meza-Zepeda L, Holloway AJ, Pedeutour F, Choo KHA, Damore MA, Deans AJ, Papenfuss AT, Thomas DM. The architecture and evolution of cancer neochromosomes. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:653-67. [PMID: 25517748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We isolated and analyzed, at single-nucleotide resolution, cancer-associated neochromosomes from well- and/or dedifferentiated liposarcomas. Neochromosomes, which can exceed 600 Mb in size, initially arise as circular structures following chromothripsis involving chromosome 12. The core of the neochromosome is amplified, rearranged, and corroded through hundreds of breakage-fusion-bridge cycles. Under selective pressure, amplified oncogenes are overexpressed, while coamplified passenger genes may be silenced epigenetically. New material may be captured during punctuated chromothriptic events. Centromeric corrosion leads to crisis, which is resolved through neocentromere formation or native centromere capture. Finally, amplification terminates, and the neochromosome core is stabilized in linear form by telomere capture. This study investigates the dynamic mutational processes underlying the life history of a special form of cancer mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale W Garsed
- Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Owen J Marshall
- Chromosome Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Vincent D A Corbin
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Arthur Hsu
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Leon Di Stefano
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jan Schröder
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jason Li
- Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Zhi-Ping Feng
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bo W Kim
- Chromosome Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark Kowarsky
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Lansdell
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ross Brookwell
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Indooroopilly, QLD 4068, Australia
| | - Ola Myklebost
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Leonardo Meza-Zepeda
- Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Andrew J Holloway
- Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Laboratory of Solid Tumors Genetics, Nice University Hospital, Nice 06107, France
| | - K H Andy Choo
- Chromosome Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, and Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | | | | | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Bioinformatics and Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia.
| | - David M Thomas
- Cancer Genomics, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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42
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Zaragosi LE, Dadone B, Michiels JF, Marty M, Pedeutour F, Dani C, Bianchini L. Syndecan-1 regulates adipogenesis: new insights in dedifferentiated liposarcoma tumorigenesis. Carcinogenesis 2014; 36:32-40. [PMID: 25344834 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-1 (SDC1/CD138) is one of the main cell surface proteoglycans and is involved in crucial biological processes. Only a few studies have analyzed the role of SDC1 in mesenchymal tumor pathogenesis. In particular, its involvement in adipose tissue tumors has never been investigated. Dedifferentiated liposarcoma, one of the most frequent types of malignant adipose tumors, has a high potential of recurrence and metastastic evolution. Classical chemotherapy is inefficient in metastatic dedifferentiated liposarcoma and novel biological markers are needed for improving its treatment. In this study, we have analyzed the expression of SDC1 in well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas and showed that SDC1 is highly overexpressed in dedifferentiated liposarcoma compared with normal adipose tissue and lipomas. Silencing of SDC1 in liposarcoma cells impaired cell viability and proliferation. Using the human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell model of human adipogenesis, we showed that SDC1 promotes proliferation of undifferentiated adipocyte progenitors and inhibits their adipogenic differentiation. Altogether, our results support the hypothesis that SDC1 might be involved in liposarcomagenesis. It might play a prominent role in the dedifferentiation process occurring when well-differentiated liposarcoma progress to dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Targeting SDC1 in these tumors might provide a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure-Emmanuelle Zaragosi
- Institute of Biology Valrose, UMR7277 CNRS/UMR1091 INSERM/University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France, Present address: CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR7275, University of Nice- Sophia Antipolis, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Bérengère Dadone
- Department of Pathology, Nice University Hospital, 06202 Nice, France, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France, Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, 06107 Nice, France and
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- Department of Pathology, Nice University Hospital, 06202 Nice, France, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Marion Marty
- Department of Pathology, Bordeaux University Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Florence Pedeutour
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France, Laboratory of Solid Tumor Genetics, Nice University Hospital, 06107 Nice, France and
| | - Christian Dani
- Institute of Biology Valrose, UMR7277 CNRS/UMR1091 INSERM/University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Laurence Bianchini
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, 06107 Nice, France,
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43
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STAT6 is amplified in a subset of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Mod Pathol 2014; 27:1231-7. [PMID: 24457460 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A recurrent intrachromosomal rearrangement on chromosome 12q in solitary fibrous tumor leads to the formation of a NAB2-STAT6 fusion oncogene. As a result, nuclear expression of the cytoplasmic transcription factor STAT6 is found in solitary fibrous tumor and serves as a useful diagnostic marker. STAT6 is located in 12q13, a region containing well-characterized oncogenes that are commonly amplified in dedifferentiated liposarcoma; we have previously reported that STAT6 is expressed in a subset of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of STAT6 expression in dedifferentiated liposarcoma and the underlying genetic mechanism. STAT6 protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in a well-characterized series of 35 previously unpublished cases of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, all with nuclear MDM2 and/or CDK4 expression by immunohistochemistry and/or cytogenetic features of dedifferentiated liposarcoma. FISH for STAT6 was performed in all cases with STAT6 expression, and a subset of control cases without STAT6 expression. In total 4/35 cases (11%) showed STAT6 expression (three with multifocal staining of moderate to strong intensity and one with weak focal staining). FISH demonstrated amplification of STAT6 in all cases positive for STAT6 by immunohistochemistry; in contrast, FISH performed on four STAT6-negative dedifferentiated liposarcomas demonstrated no STAT6 amplification (P=0.0286). Of the four STAT6 amplified cases, three patients were male and one was female, ranging in age from 51 to 76 years. Tumors were located in the mediastinum (n=2), paratesticular soft tissue (n=1), and perirenal soft tissue (n=1). Three patients received pre-operative chemotherapy +/- radiation therapy. In conclusion, STAT6 is amplified in a subset of dedifferentiated liposarcoma, resulting in STAT6 protein expression that can be detected by immunohistochemistry and may be a potential pitfall in the differential diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma and solitary fibrous tumor. These findings suggest a role for STAT6-mediated transcriptional activity in some cases of dedifferentiated liposarcoma and highlight the genomic complexity and heterogeneity of dedifferentiated liposarcoma.
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44
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Sioletic S, Czaplinski J, Hu L, Fletcher JA, Fletcher CDM, Wagner AJ, Loda M, Demetri GD, Sicinska ET, Snyder EL. c-Jun promotes cell migration and drives expression of the motility factor ENPP2 in soft tissue sarcomas. J Pathol 2014; 234:190-202. [PMID: 24852265 DOI: 10.1002/path.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genomic amplification of the c-Jun proto-oncogene has been identified in ∼30% of dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLPS), but the functional contribution of c-Jun to the progression of DDLPS remains poorly understood. In previous work we showed that knock-down of c-Jun by RNA interference impaired the in vitro proliferation and in vivo growth of a DDLPS cell line (LP6) with genomic amplification of the c-Jun locus. Here, we used gene expression analysis and functional studies in a broad panel of cell lines to further define the role of c-Jun in DDLPS and other soft tissue sarcomas. We show that c-Jun knock-down impairs transition through the G1 phase of the cell cycle in multiple DDLPS cell lines. We also found that high levels of c-Jun expression are both necessary and sufficient to promote DDLPS cell migration and invasion in vitro. Our data suggest that high levels of c-Jun enhance motility in part by driving the expression of ENPP2/Autotaxin. c-Jun over-expression has minimal effects on in vitro proliferation but substantially enhances the in vivo growth of weakly tumourigenic DDLPS cell lines. Finally, we provide evidence that c-Jun genomic amplification and over-expression may have similar functional consequences in other types of soft tissue sarcoma. Our data suggest a model in which relatively low levels of c-Jun are sufficient for in vitro proliferation, but high levels of c-Jun enhance invasiveness and capacity for in vivo tumour growth. These observations provide an explanation for the selective advantage provided by c-Jun genomic amplification in vivo and suggest that sarcomas with elevated c-Jun levels are likely to have a particularly high malignant potential. Data from exon array and RNA-Seq experiments have been deposited in the GEO database (Accession No. GSE57531).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sioletic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Zhang YX, Sicinska E, Czaplinski JT, Remillard SP, Moss S, Wang Y, Brain C, Loo A, Snyder EL, Demetri GD, Kim S, Kung AL, Wagner AJ. Antiproliferative effects of CDK4/6 inhibition in CDK4-amplified human liposarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:2184-93. [PMID: 25028469 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas (WD/DDLPS) are among the most common subtypes of soft tissue sarcomas. Conventional systemic chemotherapy has limited efficacy and novel therapeutic strategies are needed to achieve better outcomes for patients. The cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) gene is highly amplified in more than 95% of WD/DDLPS. In this study, we explored the role of CDK4 and the effects of NVP-LEE011 (LEE011), a novel selective inhibitor of CDK4/CDK6, on a panel of human liposarcoma cell lines and primary tumor xenografts. We found that both CDK4 knockdown by siRNA and inhibition by LEE011 diminished retinoblastoma (RB) phosphorylation and dramatically decreased liposarcoma cell growth. Cell-cycle analysis demonstrated arrest at G0-G1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of RB rescued the inhibitory effects of LEE011, demonstrating that LEE011 decreased proliferation through RB. Oral administration of LEE011 to mice bearing human liposarcoma xenografts resulted in approximately 50% reduction in tumor (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake with decreased tumor biomarkers, including RB phosphorylation and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation in vivo. Continued treatment inhibited tumor growth or induced regression without detrimental effects on mouse weight. After prolonged continuous dosing, reestablishment of RB phosphorylation and cell-cycle progression was noted. These findings validate the critical role of CDK4 in maintaining liposarcoma proliferation through its ability to inactivate RB function, and suggest its potential function in the regulation of survival and metabolism of liposarcoma, supporting the rationale for clinical development of LEE011 for the treatment of WD/DDLPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Zhang
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ewa Sicinska
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey T Czaplinski
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen P Remillard
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Samuel Moss
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher Brain
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alice Loo
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Eric L Snyder
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - George D Demetri
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew J Wagner
- Ludwig Center at Dana-Farber/Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Sarcoma and Bone Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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46
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Kou L, Lu XW, Wu MK, Wang H, Zhang YJ, Sato S, Shen JF. The phenotype and tissue-specific nature of multipotent cells derived from human mature adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:543-8. [PMID: 24486314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells derived from mature adipocytes have been considered to be a homogeneous group of multipotent cells, which present to be an alternative source of adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, many aspects of the cellular nature about DFAT cells remained unclarified. This study aimed to elucidate the basic characteristics of DFAT cells underlying their functions and differentiation potentials. By modified ceiling culture technique, DFAT cells were converted from human mature adipocytes from the human buccal fat pads. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that those derived cells were a homogeneous population of CD13(+) CD29(+) CD105(+) CD44(+) CD31(-) CD34(-) CD309(-) α-SMA(-) cells. DFAT cells in this study demonstrated tissue-specific differentiation properties with strong adipogenic but much weaker osteogenic capacity. Neither did they express endothelial markers under angiogenic induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min-Ke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Soh Sato
- School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan
| | - Jie-Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Nippon Dental University, Niigata 951-8580, Japan.
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47
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Nord KH, Macchia G, Tayebwa J, Nilsson J, Vult von Steyern F, Brosjö O, Mandahl N, Mertens F. Integrative genome and transcriptome analyses reveal two distinct types of ring chromosome in soft tissue sarcomas. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:878-88. [PMID: 24070870 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene amplification is a common phenomenon in malignant neoplasms of all types. One mechanism behind increased gene copy number is the formation of ring chromosomes. Such structures are mitotically unstable and during tumor progression they accumulate material from many different parts of the genome. Hence, their content varies considerably between and within tumors. Partly due to this extensive variation, the genetic content of many ring-containing tumors remains poorly characterized. Ring chromosomes are particularly prevalent in specific subtypes of sarcoma. Here, we have combined fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), global genomic copy number and gene expression data on ring-containing soft tissue sarcomas and show that they harbor two fundamentally different types of ring chromosome: MDM2-positive and MDM2-negative rings. While the former are often found in an otherwise normal chromosome complement, the latter seem to arise in the context of general chromosomal instability. In line with this, sarcomas with MDM2-negative rings commonly show complete loss of either CDKN2A or RB1 -both known to be important for genome integrity. Sarcomas with MDM2-positive rings instead show co-amplification of a variety of potential driver oncogenes. More than 100 different genes were found to be involved, many of which are known to induce cell growth, promote proliferation or inhibit apoptosis. Several of the amplified and overexpressed genes constitute potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin H Nord
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
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48
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Jia B, Choy E, Cote G, Harmon D, Ye S, Kan Q, Mankin H, Hornicek F, Duan Z. Cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) is crucial in the growth of liposarcoma cells. Cancer Lett 2013; 342:104-12. [PMID: 24007862 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Liposarcoma is the second most common soft tissue sarcoma in adults, but treatment options have been quite limited thus far. In this study, we investigated the functional and therapeutic relevance of cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) as a putative target in liposarcoma. CDK11 knockdown by synthetic siRNA or lentiviral shRNA decreased cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis in liposarcoma cells. Moreover, CDK11 knockdown enhances the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin to inhibit cell growth in liposarcoma cells. These findings suggest that CDK11 is critical for the growth and proliferation of liposarcoma cells. CDK11 may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of liposarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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49
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Braas D, Ahler E, Tam B, Nathanson D, Riedinger M, Benz MR, Smith KB, Eilber FC, Witte ON, Tap WD, Wu H, Christofk HR. Metabolomics strategy reveals subpopulation of liposarcomas sensitive to gemcitabine treatment. Cancer Discov 2013; 2:1109-17. [PMID: 23230188 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-12-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Unlike many cancers that exhibit glycolytic metabolism, high-grade liposarcomas often exhibit low 2[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake by positron emission tomography (PET), despite rapid tumor growth. Here, we used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to identify carbon sources taken up by liposarcoma cell lines derived from xenograft tumors in patients. Interestingly, we found that liposarcoma cell lines consume nucleosides from culture media, suggesting nucleoside salvage pathway activity. The nucleoside salvage pathway is dependent on deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and can be imaged in vivo by PET with 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-[18F]fluoroarabinofuranosyl) cytosine (FAC). We found that liposarcoma cell lines and xenograft tumors exhibit dCK activity and dCK-dependent FAC uptake in vitro and in vivo. In addition, liposarcoma cell lines and xenograft tumors are sensitive to treatment with the nucleoside analogue prodrug gemcitabine, and gemcitabine sensitivity is dependent on dCK expression. Elevated dCK activity is evident in 7 of 68 clinical liposarcoma samples analyzed. These data suggest that a subpopulation of liposarcoma patients have tumors with nucleoside salvage pathway activity that can be identified noninvasively using [18F]-FAC-PET and targeted using gemcitabine. SIGNIFICANCE Patients with high-grade liposarcoma have poor prognoses and often fail to respond to chemotherapy. This report identifies elevated nucleoside salvage activity in a subset of liposarcomas that are identifiable using noninvasive PET imaging with FAC and that are sensitive to gemcitabine. Thus, we suggest a new treatment paradigm for liposarcoma patients that uses [18F]-FAC-PET in the clinic to delineate gemcitabine responders from nonresponders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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50
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McClain CM, Friedman DB, Hajri T, Coffin CM, Cates JMM. Predicting dedifferentiation in liposarcoma: a proteomic approach. Virchows Arch 2013; 463:85-92. [PMID: 23709017 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-013-1416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There are no known morphologic characteristics, cytogenetic aberrations, or molecular alterations predictive of dedifferentiation in liposarcomas. Identification of such a prognostic marker could potentially affect surgical and adjuvant therapy and/or follow-up surveillance for these patients. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis was utilized to characterize protein expression patterns in lipoma, atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT), and the well-differentiated components of dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL). Protein spots were identified by peptide mapping/fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. No significant differences in protein expression were identified between lipoma and ALT or DDL. Proteins that were significantly down-regulated in the well-differentiated component of DDL compared to ALT included mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2, >3-fold reduction) and selenium-binding protein-1 (SELENBP1, >4-fold reduction). Subsequent validation studies were performed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a separate series of ALT (n = 30) and the well-differentiated components of DDL (n = 28). IHC stains were evaluated in a semi-quantitative manner, and the results were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test and receiver-operator curve analysis. Decreased IHC staining for SELENBP1 in the well-differentiated component of DDL was confirmed. Cytoplasmic ALDH2 levels determined by IHC were not significantly different in ALT and DDL; no nuclear staining for ALDH2 was observed. Expression of SELENBP1 is decreased in the well-differentiated component of DDL compared to ALT. However, variability in the staining patterns in liposarcoma precludes its use as a predictive marker for dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colt M McClain
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Ave. South, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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