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Bende RJ, Donner N, Wormhoudt TA, Beentjes A, Scantlebery A, Grobben M, Tejjani K, Chandler F, Sikkema RS, Langerak AW, Guikema JE, van Noesel CJ. Distinct groups of autoantigens as drivers of ocular adnexal MALT lymphoma pathogenesis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402841. [PMID: 38977312 PMCID: PMC11231493 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic B-cell receptor signals incited by cognate antigens are believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. We have explored the immunoglobulin variable regions (IGHV) expressed by 124 ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas (OAML) and tested the in vitro reactivity of recombinant IgM derived from 23 OAMLs. Six of 124 OAMLs (5%) were found to express a high-affinity stereotyped rheumatoid factor. OAMLs have a biased IGHV4-34 usage, which confers intrinsic super auto-antigen reactivity with poly-N-acetyllactosamine (NAL) epitopes, present on cell surface glycoproteins of erythrocytes and B cells. Twenty-one OAMLs (17%) expressed IGHV4-34-encoded B-cell receptors. Five of the 23 recombinant OAML IgMs expressed IGHV4-34, four of which bound to the linear NAL i epitope expressed on B cells but not to the branched NAL I epitope on erythrocytes. One non-IGHV4-34-encoded OAML IgM was also reactive with B cells. Interestingly, three of the 23 OAML IgMs (13%) specifically reacted with proteins of U1-/U-snRNP complexes, which have been implicated as cognate-antigens in various autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease. The findings indicate that local autoimmune reactions are instrumental in the pathogenesis of a substantial fraction of OAMLs.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Immunoglobulin M/immunology
- Immunoglobulin M/metabolism
- Eye Neoplasms/immunology
- Eye Neoplasms/genetics
- Female
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Aged
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Aged, 80 and over
- Epitopes/immunology
- Adult
- Rheumatoid Factor/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bende
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Naomi Donner
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thera Am Wormhoudt
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna Beentjes
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angelique Scantlebery
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Khadija Tejjani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Felicity Chandler
- https://ror.org/018906e22 Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reina S Sikkema
- https://ror.org/018906e22 Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- https://ror.org/018906e22 Department of Immunology, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Ej Guikema
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carel Jm van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Lymphoma and Myeloma Center (LYMMCARE), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam, Netherlands
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2
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Iorgulescu JB, Medeiros LJ, Patel KP. Predictive and prognostic molecular biomarkers in lymphomas. Pathology 2024; 56:239-258. [PMID: 38216400 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have markedly expanded our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of lymphomas and catalysed a transformation in not just how we classify lymphomas, but also how we treat, target, and monitor affected patients. Reflecting these advances, the World Health Organization Classification, International Consensus Classification, and National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines were recently updated to better integrate these molecular insights into clinical practice. We summarise here the molecular biomarkers of lymphomas with an emphasis on biomarkers that have well-supported prognostic and predictive utility, as well as emerging biomarkers that show promise for clinical practice. These biomarkers include: (1) diagnostic entity-defining genetic abnormalities [e.g., B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) with KMT2A rearrangement]; (2) molecular alterations that guide patients' prognoses (e.g., TP53 loss frequently conferring worse prognosis); (3) mutations that serve as the targets of, and often a source of acquired resistance to, small molecular inhibitors (e.g., ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors for B-ALL BCR::ABL1, hindered by ABL1 kinase domain resistance mutations); (4) the growing incorporation of molecular measurable residual disease (MRD) in the management of lymphoma patients (e.g., molecular complete response and sequencing MRD-negative criteria in multiple myeloma). Altogether, our review spans the spectrum of lymphoma types, from the genetically defined subclasses of precursor B-cell lymphomas to the highly heterogeneous categories of small and large cell mature B-cell lymphomas, Hodgkin lymphomas, plasma cell neoplasms, and T/NK-cell lymphomas, and provides an expansive summary of our current understanding of their molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bryan Iorgulescu
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keyur P Patel
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Department of Hematopathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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3
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Langston RG, Pinckard-Dover H, Guzman G, Wardell CP, Gokden M, Morris TW, Day JD, Rodriguez A. Intracranial hematolymphoid malignancies: A case series with molecular characterization. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 233:107928. [PMID: 37573681 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of hematologic malignancies are uncommon and often have a poor prognosis. As hematologic neoplasms are typically chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-sensitive, surgical resection is usually not indicated; thus, opportunities for in-depth characterization of CNS hematologic tumors are limited. Here, we report four cases of rare intracranial hematologic tumors requiring surgical intervention, allowing for histopathologic and genomic characterization. METHODS The clinical course, genetic perturbations, and histopathological features are described for a case of 1) primary marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the dura as well as cases of brain metastases of 2) cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, 3) acute myeloid leukemia/myeloid sarcoma, and 4) multiple myeloma. Targeted DNA sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, cytogenetic analysis, flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining were used to assess the lesions. RESULT Molecular and histopathological characterizations of four unusual presentations of hematolymphoid diseases involving the CNS are presented. Genetic abnormalities were identified in each lesion, including chromosomal aberrations and single nucleotide variants resulting in missense or nonsense mutations in oncogenes. CONCLUSIONS Our case series provides insight into unique pathological phenotypes of hematologic neoplasms with atypical CNS involvement. We offer targets for future studies by identifying potentially pathogenic genetic variants in these lesions, as the full implications of the novel molecular abnormalities described remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah G Langston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Heather Pinckard-Dover
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Grace Guzman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Christopher P Wardell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Murat Gokden
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - T W Morris
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J D Day
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Analiz Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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4
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Raderer M, Kiesewetter B, Du MQ. Clinical relevance of molecular aspects in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma: a critical appraisal. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231183565. [PMID: 37389189 PMCID: PMC10302523 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231183565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is among the more common types of lymphoma accounting for up to 8% of newly diagnosed lymphoma cases. As opposed to other B-cell lymphomas, however, no predominant genetic hallmark has been defined in MALT lymphoma, but different localizations appear to be affected by different, sometimes distinct changes. Nonetheless, a high proportion of these genetic changes reported in MALT lymphomas dysregulate the pathways leading to NF-kB activation. t(11;18)(q21;q21)/BIRC3::MALT1 appears to be MALT lymphoma specific and is found in 24% of gastric and 40% of pulmonary MALT lymphomas. The translocation is associated with more disseminated disease in gastric MALT lymphoma and is found in a large percentage of patients whose lymphoma is unresponsive to antibiotic eradication of Helicobacter pylori. In addition to t(11;18)(q21;q21), nuclear expression of BCL10 or NF-kB appears to be highly associated with lymphoma cell survival independence of H. pylori-mediated stimulations. Antibiotic eradication, however, is the recommended therapy of choice irrespective of genetic findings, and molecular analysis is not required before initiation of therapy. The influence of genetic translocations including t(11;18)(q21;q21) on systemic therapies, however, is less clearly defined. While small series have shown no influence on the outcome for treatment with the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (R) or treatment with cladribine (2-CdA), conflicting data have been reported for alkylating agents, especially chlorambucil and the combination of R + chlorambucil. None of other genetic changes seen in MALT lymphoma to date has discernible value in routine clinical applications, but recent data suggest that changes in TNFAIP3(A20), KMTD2 and CARD11 might be associated with response to Bruton kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Kiesewetter
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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5
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A preliminary analysis of prognostic genes in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients with postoperative radiotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154229. [PMID: 36509010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has a high mortality rate, and the prognosis is poor. However, the underlying molecular biological mechanisms bringing about the development and progression of advanced LSCC are not entirely clarified. This study aimed to find out the potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis in advanced LSCC patients who had undergone postoperative radiotherapy alone. The next-generation sequencing of RNA was performed to detect the mRNAs expression profiling in 10 advanced LSCC samples, comprised of 5 samples from LSCC patients with favorable outcome and 5 samples from paired patients with poor outcome. Then bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway were used to find out functional core genes that were significantly different between the two groups. 1630 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were confirmed to have significant differences between the two groups. 53 GO terms and 19 pathways which were closely related to the DEGs were identified. Finally, 52 intersection DEGs which were both related to the top three GO terms and pathways were identified. The expression of several core genes was confirmed with RT-qPCR in tissues from another 75 patients. RT-qPCR confirmed that the genes of c-JUN, LYN, PIK3R2, and TNFAIP3 were significantly differentially expressed between the two groups, which was in accordance with the RNA sequencing data. The DEGs identified above may be potential prognostic markers for advanced LSCC patients with postoperative radiotherapy, and may provide essential guidance for following-up.
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6
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The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Lymphoid Neoplasms. Leukemia 2022; 36:1720-1748. [PMID: 35732829 PMCID: PMC9214472 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1133] [Impact Index Per Article: 566.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We herein present an overview of the upcoming 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours focussing on lymphoid neoplasms. Myeloid and histiocytic neoplasms will be presented in a separate accompanying article. Besides listing the entities of the classification, we highlight and explain changes from the revised 4th edition. These include reorganization of entities by a hierarchical system as is adopted throughout the 5th edition of the WHO classification of tumours of all organ systems, modification of nomenclature for some entities, revision of diagnostic criteria or subtypes, deletion of certain entities, and introduction of new entities, as well as inclusion of tumour-like lesions, mesenchymal lesions specific to lymph node and spleen, and germline predisposition syndromes associated with the lymphoid neoplasms.
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7
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Dreyling M, André M, Gökbuget N, Tilly H, Jerkeman M, Gribben J, Ferreri A, Morel P, Stilgenbauer S, Fox C, Maria Ribera J, Zweegman S, Aurer I, Bödör C, Burkhardt B, Buske C, Dollores Caballero M, Campo E, Chapuy B, Davies A, de Leval L, Doorduijn J, Federico M, Gaulard P, Gay F, Ghia P, Grønbæk K, Goldschmidt H, Kersten MJ, Kiesewetter B, Landman-Parker J, Le Gouill S, Lenz G, Leppä S, Lopez-Guillermo A, Macintyre E, Mantega MVM, Moreau P, Moreno C, Nadel B, Okosun J, Owen R, Pospisilova S, Pott C, Robak T, Spina M, Stamatopoulos K, Stary J, Tarte K, Tedeschi A, Thieblemont C, Trappe RU, Trümper LH, Salles G. The EHA Research Roadmap: Malignant Lymphoid Diseases. Hemasphere 2022; 6:e726. [PMID: 35620592 PMCID: PMC9126526 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc André
- Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UcL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Nicola Gökbuget
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hervé Tilly
- INSERM U1245, Department of Hematology, Centre Henri Becquerel and Université de Rouen, France
| | | | - John Gribben
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrés Ferreri
- Lymphoma Unit, Department of Onco-hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Pierre Morel
- Service Hematologie Clinique Therapie Cellulaire, CHU Amiens Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Ulm (CCCU), Sektion CLL Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universität Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher Fox
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - José Maria Ribera
- Clinical Hematology Department, ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Igor Aurer
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb and Medical School, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM-SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Birgit Burkhardt
- Experimentelle und Translationale päd. Hämatologie u Onkologie, Leitung der Bereiche Lymphome und Stammzelltransplantation, Universitätsklinikum Münster (UKM), Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, CCC Ulm, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | - Maria Dollores Caballero
- Clinical and Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine at the University of Salamanca, Spain
- El Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bjoern Chapuy
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité, University Medical Center Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Davies
- Southampton NCRI/UK Experimental Cancer Medicines Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jeanette Doorduijn
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Philippe Gaulard
- Département de Pathologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Francesca Gay
- Clinical Trial Unit, Division of Hematology 1, AOU Città Della Salute e Della Scienza, University of Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Kirsten Grønbæk
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartmut Goldschmidt
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Internal Medicine V and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marie-Jose Kersten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cancer Center Amsterdam and LYMMCARE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Kiesewetter
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Landman-Parker
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Sorbonne Université APHP/hôpital A Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Steven Le Gouill
- Service d’Hématologie, Clinique du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Nantes, France
| | - Georg Lenz
- Medical Department A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Germany
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Onco-hematology, Université de Paris and Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | | | - Philippe Moreau
- Hematology Department, University Hospital Hotel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Carol Moreno
- Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Jessica Okosun
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Owen
- St James’s Institute of Oncology, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology and Oncology and Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christiane Pott
- Klinisch-experimentelle Hämatologie, Medizinische Klinik II, Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Michelle Spina
- Division of Medical Oncology and Immune-related Tumors, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Jan Stary
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University Prague University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karin Tarte
- Immunology and Cell Therapy Lab at Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | | | - Catherine Thieblemont
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Saint-Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Ralf Ulrich Trappe
- Department of Internal Medicine II: Haematology and Oncology, DIAKO Hospital Bremen, Germany
| | - Lorenz H. Trümper
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Medicine Goettingen, Germany
| | - Gilles Salles
- Lymphoma Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Korona B, Korona D, Zhao W, Wotherspoon AC, Du MQ. CCR6 activation links innate immune responses to mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma development. Haematologica 2022; 107:1384-1396. [PMID: 35142152 PMCID: PMC9152962 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2021.280067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genesis of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is driven by oncogenic co-operation among immunological stimulations and acquired genetic changes. We previously identified recurrent CCR6 mutations in MALT lymphoma, with majority predicted to result in truncated proteins lacking the phosphorylation motif important for receptor desensitization. Functional consequences of these mutational changes, the molecular mechanisms of CCR6 activation and how this receptor signaling contributes to MALT lymphoma development remain to be investigated. In the present study, we demonstrated that these mutations impaired CCR6 receptor internalization and were activating changes, being more potent in apoptosis resistance, malignant transformation, migration and intracellular signaling, particularly in the presence of the ligands CCL20, HBD2 (human b defensin 2) and HD5 (human a defensin 5). CCR6 was highly expressed in malignant B cells irrespective of the lymphoma sites. HBD2 and CCL20 were constitutively expressed by the duct epithelial cells of salivary glands, and also those involved in lymphoepithelial lesions (LEL) in salivary gland MALT lymphoma. While in the gastric setting, HBD2, and HD5, to a less extent CCL20, were highly expressed in epithelial cells of pyloric and intestinal metaplasia respectively including those involved in LEL, which are adaptive responses to chronic Helicobacter pylori infection. These findings suggest that CCR6 signaling is most likely active in MALT lymphoma, independent of its mutation status. The observations explain why the emergence of malignant B cells and their clonal expansion in MALT lymphoma are typically around LEL, linking the innate immune responses to lymphoma genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boguslawa Korona
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - Dagmara Korona
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge
| | - Wanfeng Zhao
- The Human Research Tissue Bank, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge
| | | | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Histopathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge.
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9
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Recent Advances in the Genetic of MALT Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010176. [PMID: 35008340 PMCID: PMC8750177 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common subtype of marginal zone lymphomas. These B-cell neoplasms may arise from many organs and usually have an indolent behavior. Recurrent chromosomal translocations and cytogenetic alterations are well characterized, some of them being associated to specific sites. Through next-generation sequencing technologies, the mutational landscape of MALT lymphomas has been explored and available data to date show that there are considerable variations in the incidence and spectrum of mutations among MALT lymphoma of different sites. Interestingly, most of these mutations affect several common pathways and some of them are potentially targetable. Gene expression profile and epigenetic studies have also added new information, potentially useful for diagnosis and treatment. This article provides a comprehensive review of the genetic landscape in MALT lymphomas. Abstract Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are a diverse group of lymphoid neoplasms with B-cell origin, occurring in adult patients and usually having an indolent clinical behavior. These lymphomas may arise in different anatomic locations, sharing many clinicopathological characteristics, but also having substantial variances in the aetiology and genetic alterations. Chromosomal translocations are recurrent in MALT lymphomas with different prevalence among different sites, being the 4 most common: t(11;18)(q21;q21), t(1;14)(p22;q32), t(14;18)(q32;q21), and t(3;14)(p14.1;q32). Several chromosomal numerical abnormalities have also been described, but probably represent secondary genetic events. The mutational landscape of MALT lymphomas is wide, and the most frequent mutations are: TNFAIP3, CREBBP, KMT2C, TET2, SPEN, KMT2D, LRP1B, PRDM1, EP300, TNFRSF14, NOTCH1/NOTCH2, and B2M, but many other genes may be involved. Similar to chromosomal translocations, certain mutations are enriched in specific lymphoma types. In the same line, variation in immunoglobulin gene usage is recognized among MALT lymphoma of different anatomic locations. In the last decade, several studies have analyzed the role of microRNA, transcriptomics and epigenetic alterations, further improving our knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms in MALT lymphoma development. All these advances open the possibility of targeted directed treatment and push forward the concept of precision medicine in MALT lymphomas.
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10
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GPR34 activation potentially bridges lymphoepithelial lesion to genesis of salivary gland MALT lymphoma. Blood 2021; 139:2186-2197. [PMID: 34086889 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020010495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
GPR34 translocation and mutation are specifically associated with salivary gland MALT lymphoma (SG-MALT-Lymphoma). Majority of GPR34 mutations are clustered in its C-terminus, resulting in truncated proteins lacking the phosphorylation motif important for receptor desensitization. It is unclear why GPR34 genetic changes associate with SG-MALT-Lymphoma and how these mutations contribute to the lymphoma development. We generated isogenic Flp-InTRex293 cell lines that stably expressed a single copy of GPR34 or its various mutants, and performed a range of in vitro assays. We showed that the GPR34 Q340X truncation, but not R84H and D151A mutants conferred a significantly increased resistance to apoptosis, and greater transforming potential than the GPR34 wild type. The GPR34 truncation mutant had a significantly delayed internalization than the wild type following ligand (lysophosphatidylserine) stimulation. Among 9 signaling pathways examined, the GPR34 Q340X truncation, to a lesser extent the D151A mutant, significantly activated CRE, NFkB and AP1 reporter activities, particularly in the presence of ligand stimulation. We further demonstrated enhanced activities of phospholipase-A1/2 in the culture supernatant of Flp-InTRex293 cells that expressed the GPR34 Q340X mutant, and their potential to catalyze the synthesis of lysophosphatidylserine from phosphatidylserine. Importantly, phospholipase-A1 was abundantly expressed in the duct epithelium of salivary glands and those involved in lymphoepithelial lesions (LELs). Our findings advocate a model of paracrine stimulation of malignant B-cells via GPR34, in which PLA is released by LELs, and hydrolyzes the phosphatidylserine exposed on apoptotic cells, generating lysophosphatidylserine, the ligand for GPR34. Thus, GPR34 activation potentially bridges LELs to genesis of SG-MALT-Lymphoma.
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11
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Thyroid MALT lymphoma: self-harm to gain potential T-cell help. Leukemia 2021; 35:3497-3508. [PMID: 34021249 PMCID: PMC8632687 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The development of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is driven by chronic inflammatory responses and acquired genetic changes. To investigate its genetic bases, we performed targeted sequencing of 93 genes in 131 MALT lymphomas including 76 from the thyroid. We found frequent deleterious mutations of TET2 (86%), CD274 (53%), TNFRSF14 (53%), and TNFAIP3 (30%) in thyroid MALT lymphoma. CD274 was also frequently deleted, together with mutation seen in 68% of cases. There was a significant association between CD274 mutation/deletion and TNFRSF14 mutation (p = 0.001). CD274 (PD-L1) and TNFRSF14 are ligands for the co-inhibitory receptor PD1 and BTLA on T-helper cells, respectively, their inactivation may free T-cell activities, promoting their help to malignant B-cells. In support of this, both the proportion of activated T-cells (CD4+CD69+/CD4+) within the proximity of malignant B-cells, and the level of transformed blasts were significantly higher in cases with CD274/TNFRSF14 genetic abnormalities than those without these changes. Both CD274 and TNFRSF14 genetic changes were significantly associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively), and CD274 mutation/deletion additionally associated with increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p = 0.0001). In conclusion, CD274/TNFRSF14 inactivation in thyroid MALT lymphoma B-cells may deregulate their interaction with T-cells, promoting co-stimulations and impairing peripheral tolerance.
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12
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Primary vitreoretinal lymphomas display a remarkably restricted immunoglobulin gene repertoire. Blood Adv 2021; 4:1357-1366. [PMID: 32267931 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a high-grade lymphoma affecting the vitreous and/or the retina. The vast majority of cases are histopathologically classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and considered a subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). To obtain more insight into the ontogenetic relationship between PVRL and PCNSL, we adopted an immunogenetic perspective and explored the respective immunoglobulin gene repertoire profiles from 55 PVRL cases and 48 PCNSL cases. In addition, considering that both entities are predominantly related to activated B-cell (ABC) DLBCL, we compared their repertoire with that of publicly available 262 immunoglobulin heavy variable domain gene rearrangement sequences from systemic ABC-type DLBCLs. PVRL displayed a strikingly biased repertoire, with the IGHV4-34 gene being used in 63.6% of cases, which was significantly higher than in PCNSL (34.7%) or in DLBCL (30.2%). Further repertoire bias was evident by (1) restricted associations of IGHV4-34 expressing heavy chains, with κ light chains utilizing the IGKV3-20/IGKJ1 gene pair, including 5 cases with quasi-identical sequences, and (2) the presence of a subset of stereotyped IGHV3-7 rearrangements. All PVRL IGHV sequences were highly mutated, with evidence of antigen selection and ongoing mutations. Finally, half of PVRL and PCNSL cases carried the MYD88 L265P mutation, which was present in all 4 PVRL cases with stereotyped IGHV3-7 rearrangements. In conclusion, the massive bias in the immunoglobulin gene repertoire of PVRL delineates it from PCNSL and points to antigen selection as a major driving force in their development.
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13
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Foukas PG, Bisig B, de Leval L. Recent advances upper gastrointestinal lymphomas: molecular updates and diagnostic implications. Histopathology 2020; 78:187-214. [PMID: 33382495 DOI: 10.1111/his.14289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas involve the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with the vast majority being diagnosed in the stomach, duodenum, or proximal small intestine. A few entities, especially diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, represent the majority of cases. In addition, there are diseases specific to or characteristic of the GI tract, and any type of systemic lymphoma can present in or disseminate to these organs. The recent advances in the genetic and molecular characterisation of lymphoid neoplasms have translated into notable changes in the classification of primary GI T-cell neoplasms and the recommended diagnostic approach to aggressive B-cell tumours. In many instances, diagnoses rely on morphology and immunophenotype, but there is an increasing need to incorporate molecular genetic markers. Moreover, it is also important to take into consideration the endoscopic and clinical presentations. This review gives an update on the most recent developments in the pathology and molecular pathology of upper GI lymphoproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Periklis G Foukas
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Bettina Bisig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence de Leval
- Second Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
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14
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Defrancesco I, Zibellini S, Boveri E, Frigeni M, Ferretti VV, Rizzo E, Bonometti A, Capuano F, Candido C, Rattotti S, Tenore A, Picone C, Flospergher E, Zerbi C, Bergamini F, Fabbri N, Cristinelli C, Varettoni M, Paulli M, Arcaini L. Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals molecular heterogeneity in non-chronic lymphocytic leukemia clonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:689-697. [PMID: 32738175 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (non-CLL) clonal B-cell lymphocytosis (CBL) encompasses a heterogeneous group of hematologic disorders that are still poorly understood. To shed light on their biological aspects, we retrospectively analyzed a highly selected series of 28 patients, who had a clonal B-cell population in the peripheral blood and in the bone marrow, without evidence of lymphoma. Extended targeted next-generation sequencing revealed wide molecular heterogeneity with MYD88 (14%), PDE4DIP (14%), BIRC3 (11%), CCND3 (11%), NOTCH1 (11%), and TNFAIP3 (11%) as the most mutated genes. Mutations of MYD88 were "nonclassic" in most cases. Although some genetic lesions were overlapping with indolent lymphomas, mainly splenic B-cell lymphomas of marginal zone origin and splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma, the genetic profile of our non-CLL CBL series seemed to suggest that various pathways could be involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders, not mirroring any specific lymphoma entity. These data better enlighten the molecular characteristics of non-CLL CBL; however, more efforts are needed in order to improve the diagnostic process, prognostication, and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Zibellini
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Boveri
- Anatomic Pathology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Frigeni
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.,Division of Hematology, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Arturo Bonometti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Capuano
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Candido
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Rattotti
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tenore
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Picone
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Zerbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Bergamini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicole Fabbri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Varettoni
- Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Paulli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Anatomic Pathology Section, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Arcaini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Division of Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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15
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16
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Vela V, Juskevicius D, Gerlach MM, Meyer P, Graber A, Cathomas G, Dirnhofer S, Tzankov A. High throughput sequencing reveals high specificity of TNFAIP3 mutations in ocular adnexal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas. Hematol Oncol 2020; 38:284-292. [PMID: 32012328 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The majority of ocular adnexal (OA) lymphomas (OAL) are extranodal marginal zone lymphomas (MZL). First high throughput sequencing (HTS) studies on OA-MZL showed inconsistent results and the distribution of mutations in reactive lymphoid lesions of this anatomic region has not yet been sufficiently addressed. We characterized OAL and lymphoid lesions of the OA by targeted HTS. The study included 34 OA-MZL, 11 chronic conjunctivitis, five mature small cell B-cell lymphomas spreading to the OA, five diseases with increase of IgG4+ plasma cells, three Burkitt lymphomas (BL), three diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), three mantle cell lymphomas, three idiopathic orbital inflammations/orbital pseudo tumors (PT), and three OA lymphoid hyperplasia. All cases were negative for Chlamydia. The mutational number was highest in BL and lowest in PT. The most commonly (and exclusively) mutated gene in OA-MZL was TNFAIP3 (10 of 34 cases). Altogether, 20 out of 34 patients harbored mutually exclusive mutations of either TNFAIP3, BCL10, MYD88, ATM, BRAF, or NFKBIE, or nonexclusive mutations of IRF8, TNFRSF14, KLHL6, and TBL1XR1, all encoding for NK-κB pathway compounds or regulators. Thirteen patients (38%) had, to a great part, mutually exclusive mutations of chromatin modifier-encoding genes: KMT2D, CREBBP, BCL7A, DNMT3A, EP300, or HIST1H1E. Only four patients harbored co-occurring mutations of genes encoding for NK-κB compounds and chromatin modifiers. Finally, PTEN, KMT2D, PRDM1, and HIST1H2BK mutations were observable in reactive lymphoid lesions too, while such instances were devoid of NF-κB compound mutations and/or mutations of acetyltransferase-encoding genes. In conclusion, 80% of OA-MZL display mutations of either NK-κB compounds or chromatin modifiers. Lymphoid lesions of the OA bearing NF-κB compound mutations and/or mutations of acetyltransferase-encoding genes highly likely represent lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visar Vela
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darius Juskevicius
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Magdalena M Gerlach
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Meyer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Eye Clinic, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Graber
- Cantonal Institute of Pathology, Liestal, Switzerland
| | | | - Stefan Dirnhofer
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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17
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Gemenetzi K, Agathangelidis A, Zaragoza-Infante L, Sofou E, Papaioannou M, Chatzidimitriou A, Stamatopoulos K. B Cell Receptor Immunogenetics in B Cell Lymphomas: Immunoglobulin Genes as Key to Ontogeny and Clinical Decision Making. Front Oncol 2020; 10:67. [PMID: 32083012 PMCID: PMC7006488 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The clonotypic B cell receptor immunoglobulin (BcR IG) plays a seminal role in B cell lymphoma development and evolution. From a clinical perspective, this view is supported by the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of BcR signaling inhibitors, even among heavily pre-treated, relapsed/refractory patients. This clinical development complements immunogenetic evidence for antigen drive in the natural history of these tumors. Indeed, BcR IG gene repertoire biases have been documented in different B cell lymphoma subtypes, alluding to selection of B cell progenitors that express particular BcR IG. Moreover, distinct entities display imprints of somatic hypermutation within the clonotypic BcR IG gene following patterns that strengthen the argument for antigen selection. Of note, at least in certain B cell lymphomas, the BcR IG genes are intraclonally diversified, likely in a context of ongoing interactions with antigen(s). Moreover, BcR IG gene repertoire profiling suggests that unique immune pathways lead to distinct B cell lymphomas through targeting cells at different stages in the B cell differentiation trajectory (e.g., germinal center B cells in follicular lymphoma, FL). Regarding the implicated antigens, although their precise nature remains to be fully elucidated, immunogenetic analysis has offered important hints by revealing similarities between the BcR IG of particular lymphomas and B cell clones with known antigenic specificity: this has paved the way to functional studies that identified relevant antigenic determinants of classes of structurally similar epitopes. Finally, in certain tumors, most notably chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), immunogenetic analysis has also proven instrumental in accurate patient risk stratification since cases with differing BcR IG gene sequence features follow distinct disease courses and respond differently to particular treatment modalities. Overall, delving into the BcR IG gene sequences emerges as key to understanding B cell lymphoma pathophysiology, refining prognostication and assisting in making educated treatment choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Gemenetzi
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Agathangelidis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Laura Zaragoza-Infante
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Electra Sofou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Hematology Department, University General Hospital of Thessaloniki AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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de Groen RAL, Schrader AMR, Kersten MJ, Pals ST, Vermaat JSP. MYD88 in the driver's seat of B-cell lymphomagenesis: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. Haematologica 2019; 104:2337-2348. [PMID: 31699794 PMCID: PMC6959184 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.227272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) are recognized in the most recent World Health Organization classification of 2016. The current treatment paradigm, however, is largely based on 'one-size-fits-all' immune-chemotherapy. Unfortunately, this therapeutic strategy is inadequate for a significant number of patients. As such, there is an indisputable need for novel, preferably targeted, therapies based on a biologically driven classification and risk stratification. Sequencing studies identified mutations in the MYD88 gene as an important oncogenic driver in B-cell lymphomas. MYD88 mutations constitutively activate NF-κB and its associated signaling pathways, thereby promoting B-cell proliferation and survival. High frequencies of the hotspot MYD88(L265P) mutation are observed in extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Waldenström macroglobulinemia, thereby demonstrating this mutation's potential as a disease marker. In addition, the presence of mutant MYD88 predicts survival outcome in B-NHL subtypes and it provides a therapeutic target. Early clinical trials targeting MYD88 have shown encouraging results in relapsed/refractory B-NHL. Patients with these disorders can benefit from analysis for the MYD88 hotspot mutation in liquid biopsies, as a minimally invasive method to demonstrate treatment response or resistance. Given these clear clinical implications and the crucial role of MYD88 in lymphomagenesis, we expect that analysis of this gene will increasingly be used in routine clinical practice, not only as a diagnostic classifier, but also as a prognostic and therapeutic biomarker directing precision medicine. This review focuses on the pivotal mechanistic role of mutated MYD88 and its clinical implications in B-NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie José Kersten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.,Lymphoma and Myeloma Center Amsterdam-LYMMCARE, Amsterdam.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Steven T Pals
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam.,Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Liu F, Zheng JP, Wang L, Zhao DH, Li MY, Wang YM, Liu Y, Ma J, Zeng NY, Liu HX, Liang R, Guo SP, Wang Z, Yan QG. Activation of the NF-κB Pathway and Heterozygous Deletion of TNFAIP3 (A20) Confer Superior Survival in Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:243-252. [PMID: 31140551 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of TNFAIP3 deletions and NF-κB activation in extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL), nasal type. METHODS In total, 138 patients with ENKTCL were included. Activation of NF-κB pathway and expression of TNFAIP3 (A20) were examined by immunohistochemistry. TNFAIP3 was analyzed for deletions using FICTION (fluorescence immunophenotyping and interphase cytogenetics as a tool for investigating neoplasms), for mutations using Sanger sequencing, and for promoter methylation using methylation-specific sequencing. RESULTS NF-κB pathway activation was observed in 31.2% of cases (43/138), TNFAIP3 expression was negative in 15.2% of cases (21/138), and heterozygous TNFAIP3 deletion was observed in 35% of cases (35/100). TNFAIP3 exons 2 to 9 mutations and promoter methylation were not observed. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed patients with NF-κB pathway activation or TNFAIP3 heterozygous deletion to have a longer overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that NF-κB activation and TNFAIP3 heterozygous deletion confer superior survival in patients with ENKTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Ping Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, 12th Hospital of The People’s Liberation Army, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dan-Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Nai-Yan Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Haematopathology and Oncology Diagnostic Service, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rong Liang
- Department of Hematology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuang-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qing-Guo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital and School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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20
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Xochelli A, Bikos V, Polychronidou E, Galigalidou C, Agathangelidis A, Charlotte F, Moschonas P, Davis Z, Colombo M, Roumelioti M, Sutton LA, Groenen P, van den Brand M, Boudjoghra M, Algara P, Traverse-Glehen A, Ferrer A, Stalika E, Karypidou M, Kanellis G, Kalpadakis C, Mollejo M, Pangalis G, Vlamos P, Amini RM, Pospisilova S, Gonzalez D, Ponzoni M, Anagnostopoulos A, Giudicelli V, Lefranc MP, Espinet B, Panagiotidis P, Piris MA, Du MQ, Rosenquist R, Papadaki T, Belessi C, Ferrarini M, Oscier D, Tzovaras D, Ghia P, Davi F, Hadzidimitriou A, Stamatopoulos K. Disease-biased and shared characteristics of the immunoglobulin gene repertoires in marginal zone B cell lymphoproliferations. J Pathol 2019; 247:416-421. [PMID: 30484876 DOI: 10.1002/path.5209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The B cell receptor immunoglobulin (Ig) gene repertoires of marginal zone (MZ) lymphoproliferations were analyzed in order to obtain insight into their ontogenetic relationships. Our cohort included cases with MZ lymphomas (n = 488), i.e. splenic (SMZL), nodal (NMZL) and extranodal (ENMZL), as well as provisional entities (n = 76), according to the WHO classification. The most striking Ig gene repertoire skewing was observed in SMZL. However, restrictions were also identified in all other MZ lymphomas studied, particularly ENMZL, with significantly different Ig gene distributions depending on the primary site of involvement. Cross-entity comparisons of the MZ Ig sequence dataset with a large dataset of Ig sequences (MZ-related or not; n = 65 837) revealed four major clusters of cases sharing homologous ('public') heavy variable complementarity-determining region 3. These clusters included rearrangements from SMZL, ENMZL (gastric, salivary gland, ocular adnexa), chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but also rheumatoid factors and non-malignant splenic MZ cells. In conclusion, different MZ lymphomas display biased immunogenetic signatures indicating distinct antigen exposure histories. The existence of rare public stereotypes raises the intriguing possibility that common, pathogen-triggered, immune-mediated mechanisms may result in diverse B lymphoproliferations due to targeting versatile progenitor B cells and/or operating in particular microenvironments. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliki Xochelli
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vasilis Bikos
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eleftheria Polychronidou
- Information Technologies Institute, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Informatics, Ionian University, Corfu, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Agathangelidis
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Frédéric Charlotte
- Department of Pathology, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere and Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | - Zadie Davis
- Department of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | - Monica Colombo
- Molecular Pathology, Ospedale Policlinico SanMartino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Roumelioti
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lesley-Ann Sutton
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Groenen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van den Brand
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Myriam Boudjoghra
- Department of Hematology, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere and Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Ana Ferrer
- Laboratori de Citologia Hematològica i Citogenètica Molecular, Servei de Patologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Karypidou
- Hematology Department and HCT Unit, G. Papanicolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Kanellis
- Hematopathology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Rose-Marie Amini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sarka Pospisilova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Gonzalez
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Véronique Giudicelli
- IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Université de Montpellier, LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UMR CNRS UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Paule Lefranc
- IMGT®, the international ImMunoGeneTics Information System®, Université de Montpellier, LIGM, Institut de Génétique Humaine IGH, UMR CNRS UM, Montpellier, France
| | - Blanca Espinet
- Laboratori de Citologia Hematològica i Citogenètica Molecular, Servei de Patologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Manlio Ferrarini
- Direzione Scientifica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - David Oscier
- Department of Haematology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | - Paolo Ghia
- Division of Experimental Oncology and Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederic Davi
- Department of Hematology, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere and Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Anastasia Hadzidimitriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Casola S, Perucho L, Tripodo C, Sindaco P, Ponzoni M, Facchetti F. The B‐cell receptor in control of tumor B‐cell fitness: Biology and clinical relevance. Immunol Rev 2019; 288:198-213. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Casola
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Milan Italy
| | - Laura Perucho
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Milan Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology UnitDepartment of Health SciencesUniversity of Palermo Palermo Italy
- Tumor and Microenvironment Histopathology UnitThe FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM) Milan Italy
| | - Paola Sindaco
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.)Hematology SectionUniversity of Bari Bari Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology and Lymphoid Malignancies UnitsAteneo Vita‐Salute San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineSection of PathologyUniversity of Brescia Brescia Italy
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22
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Arruga F, Vaisitti T, Deaglio S. The NOTCH Pathway and Its Mutations in Mature B Cell Malignancies. Front Oncol 2018; 8:550. [PMID: 30534535 PMCID: PMC6275466 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic application of next-generation sequencing to large cohorts of oncologic samples has opened a Pandora's box full of known and novel genetic lesions implicated in different steps of cancer development and progression. Narrowing down to B cell malignancies, many previously unrecognized genes emerged as recurrently mutated. The challenge now is to determine how the mutation in a given gene affects the biology of the disease, paving the way to functional genomics studies. Mutations in NOTCH family members are shared by several disorders of the B series, even if with variable frequencies and mutational patterns. In silico predictions, revealed that mutations occurring in NOTCH receptors, despite being qualitatively different, may have similar effects on protein processing, ultimately leading to enhanced pathway activation. The discovery of mutations occurring also in downstream players, either potentiating positive signals or compromising negative regulators, indicates that multiple mechanisms in neoplastic B cells concur to activate NOTCH pathway. These findings are supported by results obtained in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and splenic marginal zone B cell lymphoma where deregulation of NOTCH signaling has been functionally characterized. The emerging picture confirms that NOTCH signaling is finely tuned in cell- and microenvironment-dependent ways. In B cell malignancies, it contributes to the regulation of proliferation, survival and migration. However, deeper biological studies are needed to pinpoint the contribution of NOTCH in the hierarchy of events driving B cells transformation, keeping in mind its role in normal B cells development. Because of its relevance in leukemia and lymphoma biology, the NOTCH pathway might represent an appealing therapeutic target: the next few years will tell whether this potential will be fulfilled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Arruga
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Turin, Italy.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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23
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Moody S, Thompson JS, Chuang SS, Liu H, Raderer M, Vassiliou G, Wlodarska I, Wu F, Cogliatti S, Robson A, Ashton-Key M, Bi Y, Goodlad J, Du MQ. Novel GPR34 and CCR6 mutation and distinct genetic profiles in MALT lymphomas of different sites. Haematologica 2018; 103:1329-1336. [PMID: 29674500 PMCID: PMC6068028 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.191601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma originates from a background of diverse chronic inflammatory disorders at various anatomic sites. The genetics underlying its development, particularly in those associated with autoimmune disorders, is poorly characterized. By whole exome sequencing of 21 cases of MALT lymphomas of the salivary gland and thyroid, we have identified recurrent somatic mutations in 2 G-protein coupled receptors (GPR34 and CCR6) not previously reported in human malignancies, 3 genes (PIK3CD, TET2, TNFRSF14) not previously implicated in MALT lymphoma, and a further 2 genes (TBL1XR1, NOTCH1) recently described in MALT lymphoma. The majority of mutations in GPR34 and CCR6 were nonsense and frameshift changes clustered in the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail, and would result in truncated proteins that lack the phosphorylation motif important for β-arrestin-mediated receptor desensitization and internalization. Screening of these newly identified mutations, together with previously defined genetic changes, revealed distinct mutation profiles in MALT lymphoma of various sites, with those of salivary gland characterized by frequent TBL1XR1 and GPR34 mutations, thyroid by frequent TET2, TNFRSF14 and PIK3CD mutations, and ocular adnexa by frequent TNFAIP3 mutation. Interestingly, in MALT lymphoma of the salivary gland, there was a significant positive association between TBL1XR1 mutation and GPR34 mutation/translocation (P=0.0002). In those of ocular adnexa, TBL1XR1 mutation was mutually exclusive from TNFAIP3 mutation (P=0.049), but significantly associated with IGHV3-23 usage (P=0.03) and PIK3CD mutation (P=0.009). These findings unravel novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of MALT lymphoma and provide further evidence for potential oncogenic co-operation between receptor signaling and genetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Moody
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Sneath Thompson
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hongxiang Liu
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Markus Raderer
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - George Vassiliou
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Fangtian Wu
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alistair Robson
- Department of Dermatopathology, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, UK
| | - Margaret Ashton-Key
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Southampton University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, UK
| | - Yingwen Bi
- Department of Pathology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - John Goodlad
- Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian University Hospitals Trust, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ming-Qing Du
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, UK
- Molecular Malignancy Laboratory, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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24
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Parker H, McIver-Brown NR, Davis ZA, Parry M, Rose-Zerilli MJJ, Xochelli A, Gibson J, Walewska R, Strefford JC, Oscier DG. CBL-MZ is not a single biological entity: evidence from genomic analysis and prolonged clinical follow-up. Blood Adv 2018; 2:1116-1119. [PMID: 29773550 PMCID: PMC5965055 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018019760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Parker
- Cancer Genomics, Academic Unit for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zadie A Davis
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Parry
- Cancer Genomics, Academic Unit for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J J Rose-Zerilli
- Cancer Genomics, Academic Unit for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Aliki Xochelli
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece; and
| | - Jane Gibson
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Renata Walewska
- Cancer Genomics, Academic Unit for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Strefford
- Cancer Genomics, Academic Unit for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David G Oscier
- Cancer Genomics, Academic Unit for Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
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25
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Abstract
There are three different marginal zone lymphomas (MZLs): the extranodal MZL of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type (MALT lymphoma), the splenic MZL, and the nodal MZL. The three MZLs share common lesions and deregulated pathways but also present specific alterations that can be used for their differential diagnosis. Although trisomies of chromosomes 3 and 18, deletions at 6q23, deregulation of nuclear factor kappa B, and chromatin remodeling genes are frequent events in all of them, the three MZLs differ in the presence of recurrent translocations, mutations affecting the NOTCH pathway, and the transcription factor Kruppel like factor 2 ( KLF2) or the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase delta ( PTPRD). Since a better understanding of the molecular events underlying each subtype may have practical relevance, this review summarizes the most recent and main advances in our understanding of the genetics and biology of MZLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bertoni
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Rossi
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Emanuele Zucca
- Università della Svizzera italiana, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland (IOSI), Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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26
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Pillonel V, Juskevicius D, Ng CKY, Bodmer A, Zettl A, Jucker D, Dirnhofer S, Tzankov A. High-throughput sequencing of nodal marginal zone lymphomas identifies recurrent BRAF mutations. Leukemia 2018; 32:2412-2426. [PMID: 29556019 PMCID: PMC6224405 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nodal marginal zone lymphoma (NMZL) is a rare small B-cell lymphoma lacking disease-defining phenotype and precise diagnostic markers. To better understand the mutational landscape of NMZL, particularly in comparison to other nodal small B-cell lymphomas, we performed whole-exome sequencing, targeted high-throughput sequencing, and array-comparative genomic hybridization on a retrospective series. Our study identified for the first time recurrent, diagnostically useful, and potentially therapeutically relevant BRAF mutations in NMZL. Sets of somatic mutations that could help to discriminate NMZL from other closely related small B-cell lymphomas were uncovered and tested on unclassifiable small B-cell lymphoma cases, in which clinical, morphological, and phenotypical features were equivocal. Application of targeted gene panel sequencing gave at many occasions valuable clues for more specific classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pillonel
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Juskevicius
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C K Y Ng
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Bodmer
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - A Zettl
- Pathology, Viollier AG, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - D Jucker
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S Dirnhofer
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - A Tzankov
- Institute of Pathology and Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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27
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Agathangelidis A, Xochelli A, Stamatopoulos K. A gene is known by the company it keeps: enrichment of TNFAIP3 gene aberrations in MALT lymphomas expressing IGHV4-34 antigen receptors. J Pathol 2017; 243:403-406. [PMID: 28892161 DOI: 10.1002/path.4982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Associations between immunoglobulin (IG) receptors with distinctive immunogenetic features and particular gene mutations are a recurring theme in mature B-cell lymphomas. Relevant observations have been made in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), where gene mutations are distributed asymmetrically in cases bearing or not somatic hypermutations within the clonotypic immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IGHV) genes (e.g. TP53 mutations predominate in IG-unmutated CLL, whereas the opposite is seen for MYD88 mutations, enriched in IG-mutated CLL) and in subsets of cases with stereotyped IG (enrichment for SF3B1 mutations in CLL subset #2). Moreover, similar findings have been reported in splenic marginal-zone lymphoma, where KLF2 mutations are biased to cases expressing IGHV1-2*04 IG receptors, and in hairy cell leukemia, where IGHV4-34-expressing cases display a low frequency of BRAF mutations but a high frequency of MAP2K1 mutations. The list is now growing with the report of increased frequency of inactivating mutations in the TNFAIP3 gene in MALT lymphomas expressing IG receptors encoded by the IGHV4-34 gene, particularly of the ocular adnexa. Considering that TNFAIP3 encodes a negative regulator of NF-κB, this finding further highlights the importance of NF-κB pathway activation in the natural history of MALT lymphomas. Altogether, these findings allude to selection of genomic aberrations in lymphoma cases with distinctive immune signaling profiles linked to the expression of particular IG receptors. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Agathangelidis
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, The Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aliki Xochelli
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, The Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, CERTH, The Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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van Krieken JH. New developments in the pathology of malignant lymphoma: a review of the literature published from May to August 2017. J Hematop 2017; 10:65-73. [PMID: 29057015 PMCID: PMC5630645 DOI: 10.1007/s12308-017-0303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J H van Krieken
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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