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Frangogiannis NG. The fate and role of the pericytes in myocardial diseases. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14204. [PMID: 38586936 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart contains a large population of pericytes that play important roles in homeostasis and disease. In the normal heart, pericytes regulate microvascular permeability and flow. Myocardial diseases are associated with marked alterations in pericyte phenotype and function. This review manuscript discusses the role of pericytes in cardiac homeostasis and disease. Following myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac pericytes participate in all phases of cardiac repair. During the inflammatory phase, pericytes may secrete cytokines and chemokines and may regulate leukocyte trafficking, through formation of intercellular gaps that serve as exit points for inflammatory cells. Moreover, pericyte contraction induces microvascular constriction, contributing to the pathogenesis of 'no-reflow' in ischemia and reperfusion. During the proliferative phase, pericytes are activated by growth factors, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and contribute to fibrosis, predominantly through secretion of fibrogenic mediators. A fraction of pericytes acquires fibroblast identity but contributes only to a small percentage of infarct fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. As the scar matures, pericytes form a coat around infarct neovessels, promoting stabilization of the vasculature. Pericytes may also be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure, by regulating inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis and myocardial perfusion. Pericytes are also important targets of viral infections (such as SARS-CoV2) and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac complications of COVID19. Considering their role in myocardial inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis, pericytes may be promising therapeutic targets in myocardial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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2
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M. S. Barron A, Fabre T, De S. Distinct fibroblast functions associated with fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and their implications for therapeutic development. F1000Res 2024; 13:54. [PMID: 38681509 PMCID: PMC11053351 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.143472.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are ubiquitous cells that can adopt many functional states. As tissue-resident sentinels, they respond to acute damage signals and shape the earliest events in fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Upon sensing an insult, fibroblasts produce chemokines and growth factors to organize and support the response. Depending on the size and composition of the resulting infiltrate, these activated fibroblasts may also begin to contract or relax thus changing local stiffness within the tissue. These early events likely contribute to the divergent clinical manifestations of fibrotic and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Further, distinct changes to the cellular composition and signaling dialogue in these diseases drive progressive fibroblasts specialization. In fibrotic diseases, fibroblasts support the survival, activation and differentiation of myeloid cells, granulocytes and innate lymphocytes, and produce most of the pathogenic extracellular matrix proteins. Whereas, in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, sequential accumulation of dendritic cells, T cells and B cells programs fibroblasts to support local, destructive adaptive immune responses. Fibroblast specialization has clear implications for the development of effective induction and maintenance therapies for patients with these clinically distinct diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. S. Barron
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Thomas Fabre
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Saurav De
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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3
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Tvaroška I, Kozmon S, Kóňa J. Molecular Modeling Insights into the Structure and Behavior of Integrins: A Review. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020324. [PMID: 36672259 PMCID: PMC9856412 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are heterodimeric glycoproteins crucial to the physiology and pathology of many biological functions. As adhesion molecules, they mediate immune cell trafficking, migration, and immunological synapse formation during inflammation and cancer. The recognition of the vital roles of integrins in various diseases revealed their therapeutic potential. Despite the great effort in the last thirty years, up to now, only seven integrin-based drugs have entered the market. Recent progress in deciphering integrin functions, signaling, and interactions with ligands, along with advancement in rational drug design strategies, provide an opportunity to exploit their therapeutic potential and discover novel agents. This review will discuss the molecular modeling methods used in determining integrins' dynamic properties and in providing information toward understanding their properties and function at the atomic level. Then, we will survey the relevant contributions and the current understanding of integrin structure, activation, the binding of essential ligands, and the role of molecular modeling methods in the rational design of antagonists. We will emphasize the role played by molecular modeling methods in progress in these areas and the designing of integrin antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Tvaroška
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Stanislav Kozmon
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Medical Vision o. z., Záhradnícka 4837/55, 821 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Kóňa
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravska cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Medical Vision o. z., Záhradnícka 4837/55, 821 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
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4
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Eslamloo K, Kumar S, Xue X, Parrish KS, Purcell SL, Fast MD, Rise ML. Global gene expression responses of Atlantic salmon skin to Moritella viscosa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4622. [PMID: 35301338 PMCID: PMC8931016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Moritella viscosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes large, chronic ulcers, known as winter-ulcer disease, in the skin of several fish species including Atlantic salmon. We used a bath challenge approach to profile the transcriptome responses of M. viscosa-infected Atlantic salmon skin at the lesion (Mv-At) and away from the lesion (Mv-Aw) sites. M. viscosa infection was confirmed through RNA-based qPCR assays. RNA-Seq identified 5212 and 2911 transcripts differentially expressed in the Mv-At compared to no-infection control and Mv-Aw groups, respectively. Also, there were 563 differentially expressed transcripts when comparing the Mv-Aw to control samples. Our results suggest that M. viscosa caused massive and strong, but largely infection site-focused, transcriptome dysregulations in Atlantic salmon skin, and its effects beyond the skin lesion site were comparably subtle. The M. viscosa-induced transcripts of Atlantic salmon were mainly involved in innate and adaptive immune response-related pathways, whereas the suppressed transcripts by this pathogen were largely connected to developmental and cellular processes. As validated by qPCR, M. viscosa dysregulated transcripts encoding receptors, signal transducers, transcription factors and immune effectors playing roles in TLR- and IFN-dependent pathways as well as immunoregulation, antigen presentation and T-cell development. This study broadened the current understanding of molecular pathways underlying M. viscosa-triggered responses of Atlantic salmon, and identified biomarkers that may assist to diagnose and combat this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Eslamloo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada. .,Hoplite Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Xi Xue
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Kathleen S Parrish
- Hoplite Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Sara L Purcell
- Hoplite Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Mark D Fast
- Hoplite Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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5
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Alex L, Tuleta I, Harikrishnan V, Frangogiannis NG. Validation of Specific and Reliable Genetic Tools to Identify, Label, and Target Cardiac Pericytes in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023171. [PMID: 34935413 PMCID: PMC9075200 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background In the myocardium, pericytes are often confused with other interstitial cell types, such as fibroblasts. The lack of well-characterized and specific tools for identification, lineage tracing, and conditional targeting of myocardial pericytes has hampered studies on their role in heart disease. In the current study, we characterize and validate specific and reliable strategies for labeling and targeting of cardiac pericytes. Methods and Results Using the neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2)DsRed reporter line, we identified a large population of NG2+ periendothelial cells in mouse atria, ventricles, and valves. To examine possible overlap of NG2+ mural cells with fibroblasts, we generated NG2DsRed; platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) αEGFP pericyte/fibroblast dual reporter mice. Myocardial NG2+ pericytes and PDGFRα+ fibroblasts were identified as nonoverlapping cellular populations with distinct transcriptional signatures. PDGFRα+ fibroblasts expressed high levels of fibrillar collagens, matrix metalloproteinases, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, and genes encoding matricellular proteins, whereas NG2+ pericytes expressed high levels of Pdgfrb, Adamts1, and Vtn. To validate the specificity of pericyte Cre drivers, we crossed these lines with PDGFRαEGFP fibroblast reporter mice. The constitutive NG2Cre driver did not specifically track mural cells, labeling many cardiomyocytes. However, the inducible NG2CreER driver specifically traced vascular mural cells in the ventricle and in the aorta, without significant labeling of PDGFRα+ fibroblasts. In contrast, the inducible PDGFRβCreER line labeled not only mural cells but also the majority of cardiac and aortic fibroblasts. Conclusions Fibroblasts and pericytes are topographically and transcriptomically distinct populations of cardiac interstitial cells. The inducible NG2CreER driver optimally targets cardiac pericytes; in contrast, the inducible PDGFRβCreER line lacks specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Alex
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology)The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research InstituteAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Izabela Tuleta
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology)The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research InstituteAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Venugopal Harikrishnan
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology)The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research InstituteAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
| | - Nikolaos G. Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology)The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research InstituteAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY
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6
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Wang ZY, Keogh A, Waldt A, Cuttat R, Neri M, Zhu S, Schuierer S, Ruchti A, Crochemore C, Knehr J, Bastien J, Ksiazek I, Sánchez-Taltavull D, Ge H, Wu J, Roma G, Helliwell SB, Stroka D, Nigsch F. Single-cell and bulk transcriptomics of the liver reveals potential targets of NASH with fibrosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19396. [PMID: 34588551 PMCID: PMC8481490 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98806-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by the excessive production of collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components and represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous studies of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with fibrosis were largely restricted to bulk transcriptome profiles. Thus, our understanding of this disease is limited by an incomplete characterization of liver cell types in general and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in particular, given that activated HSCs are the major hepatic fibrogenic cell population. To help fill this gap, we profiled 17,810 non-parenchymal cells derived from six healthy human livers. In conjunction with public single-cell data of fibrotic/cirrhotic human livers, these profiles enable the identification of potential intercellular signaling axes (e.g., ITGAV-LAMC1, TNFRSF11B-VWF and NOTCH2-DLL4) and master regulators (e.g., RUNX1 and CREB3L1) responsible for the activation of HSCs during fibrogenesis. Bulk RNA-seq data of NASH patient livers and rodent models for liver fibrosis of diverse etiologies allowed us to evaluate the translatability of candidate therapeutic targets for NASH-related fibrosis. We identified 61 liver fibrosis-associated genes (e.g., AEBP1, PRRX1 and LARP6) that may serve as a repertoire of translatable drug target candidates. Consistent with the above regulon results, gene regulatory network analysis allowed the identification of CREB3L1 as a master regulator of many of the 61 genes. Together, this study highlights potential cell-cell interactions and master regulators that underlie HSC activation and reveals genes that may represent prospective hallmark signatures for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yi Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Adrian Keogh
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annick Waldt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Cuttat
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marilisa Neri
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Ruchti
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Judith Knehr
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julie Bastien
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Iwona Ksiazek
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Taltavull
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hui Ge
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Wu
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephen B Helliwell
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
- Rejuveron Life Sciences AG, 8952, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florian Nigsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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7
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Sbierski-Kind J, Mroz N, Molofsky AB. Perivascular stromal cells: Directors of tissue immune niches. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:10-31. [PMID: 34075598 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular niches are specialized microenvironments where stromal and immune cells interact with vasculature to monitor tissue status. Adventitial perivascular niches surround larger blood vessels and other boundary sites, supporting collections of immune cells, stromal cells, lymphatics, and neurons. Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs), a subtype of mesenchymal stromal cell, are the dominant constituents in adventitial spaces, regulating vascular integrity while organizing the accumulation and activation of a variety of interacting immune cells. In contrast, pericytes are stromal mural cells that support microvascular capillaries and surround organ-specific parenchymal cells. Here, we outline the unique immune and non-immune composition of perivascular tissue immune niches, with an emphasis on the heterogeneity and immunoregulatory functions of AFs and pericytes across diverse organs. We will discuss how perivascular stromal cells contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and integrate immunological signals to impact tissue health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sbierski-Kind
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Mroz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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8
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Mi LL, Zhu Y, Lu HY. A crosstalk between type 2 innate lymphoid cells and alternative macrophages in lung development and lung diseases (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:403. [PMID: 33786611 PMCID: PMC8025469 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important innate immune cells that are involved in type 2 inflammation, in both mice and humans. ILC2s are stimulated by factors, including interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25, and activated ILC2s secrete several cytokines that mediate type 2 immunity by inducing profound changes in physiology, including activation of alternative (M2) macrophages. M2 macrophages possess immune modulatory, phagocytic, tissue repair and remodeling properties, and can regulate ILC2s under infection. The present review summarizes the role of ILC2s as innate cells and M2 macrophages as anti-inflammatory cells, and discusses current literature on their important biological significance. The present review also highlights how the crosstalk between ILC2s and M2 macrophages contributes to lung development, induces pulmonary parasitic expulsion, exacerbates pulmonary viral and fungal infections and allergic airway diseases, and promotes the development of lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and carcinoma of the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Lan Mi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, P.R. China
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9
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Henderson NC, Rieder F, Wynn TA. Fibrosis: from mechanisms to medicines. Nature 2020; 587:555-566. [PMID: 33239795 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2938-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 828] [Impact Index Per Article: 207.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis can affect any organ and is responsible for up to 45% of all deaths in the industrialized world. It has long been thought to be relentlessly progressive and irreversible, but both preclinical models and clinical trials in various organ systems have shown that fibrosis is a highly dynamic process. This has clear implications for therapeutic interventions that are designed to capitalize on this inherent plasticity. However, despite substantial progress in our understanding of the pathobiology of fibrosis, a translational gap remains between the identification of putative antifibrotic targets and conversion of this knowledge into effective treatments in humans. Here we discuss the transformative experimental strategies that are being leveraged to dissect the key cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate fibrosis, and the translational approaches that are enabling the emergence of precision medicine-based therapies for patients with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil C Henderson
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, UK.,MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas A Wynn
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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Park EJ, Myint PK, Ito A, Appiah MG, Darkwah S, Kawamoto E, Shimaoka M. Integrin-Ligand Interactions in Inflammation, Cancer, and Metabolic Disease: Insights Into the Multifaceted Roles of an Emerging Ligand Irisin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588066. [PMID: 33195249 PMCID: PMC7649757 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrins are transmembrane proteins that mediate cellular adhesion and migration to neighboring cells or the extracellular matrix, which is essential for cells to undertake diverse physiological and pathological pathways. For integrin activation and ligand binding, bidirectional signaling across the cell membrane is needed. Integrins aberrantly activated under pathologic conditions facilitate cellular infiltration into tissues, thereby causing inflammatory or tumorigenic progressions. Thus, integrins have emerged to the forefront as promising targets for developing therapeutics to treat autoimmune and cancer diseases. In contrast, it remains a fact that integrin-ligand interactions are beneficial for improving the health status of different tissues. Among these ligands, irisin, a myokine produced mainly by skeletal muscles in an exercise-dependent manner, has been shown to bind to integrin αVβ5, alleviating symptoms under unfavorable conditions. These findings may provide insights into some of the underlying mechanisms by which exercise improves quality of life. This review will discuss the current understanding of integrin-ligand interactions in both health and disease. Likewise, we not only explain how diverse ligands play different roles in mediating cellular functions under both conditions via their interactions with integrins, but also specifically highlight the potential roles of the emerging ligand irisin in inflammation, cancer, and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Phyoe Kyawe Myint
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Michael G Appiah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Samuel Darkwah
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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11
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Yanay N, Elbaz M, Konikov-Rozenman J, Elgavish S, Nevo Y, Fellig Y, Rabie M, Mitrani-Rosenbaum S, Nevo Y. Pax7, Pax3 and Mamstr genes are involved in skeletal muscle impaired regeneration of dy2J/dy2J mouse model of Lama2-CMD. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3369-3390. [PMID: 31348492 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophy type-1A (Lama2-CMD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) result from deficiencies of laminin-α2 and dystrophin proteins, respectively. Although both proteins strengthen the sarcolemma, they are implicated in clinically distinct phenotypes. We used RNA-deep sequencing (RNA-Seq) of dy2J/dy2J, Lama2-CMD mouse model, skeletal muscle at 8 weeks of age to elucidate disease pathophysiology. This study is the first report of dy2J/dy2J model whole transcriptome profile. RNA-Seq of the mdx mouse model of DMD and wild-type (WT) mouse was carried as well in order to enable a novel comparison of dy2J/dy2J to mdx. A large group of shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was found in dy2J/dy2J and mdx models (1834 common DEGs, false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). Enrichment pathway analysis using ingenuity pathway analysis showed enrichment of inflammation, fibrosis, cellular movement, migration and proliferation of cells, apoptosis and necrosis in both mouse models (P-values 3E-10-9E-37). Via canonical pathway analysis, actin cytoskeleton, integrin, integrin-linked kinase, NF-kB, renin-angiotensin, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and calcium signaling were also enriched and upregulated in both models (FDR < 0.05). Interestingly, significant downregulation of Pax7 was detected in dy2J/dy2J compared to upregulation of this key regeneration gene in mdx mice. Pax3 and Mamstr genes were also downregulated in dy2J/dy2J compared to WT mice. These results may explain the distinct disease course and severity in these models. While the mdx model at that stage shows massive regeneration, the dy2J/dy2J shows progressive dystrophic process. Our data deepen our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology and suggest new targets for additional therapies to upregulate regeneration in Lama2-CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Yanay
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Moran Elbaz
- Pediatric Neuromuscular Laboratory, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jenya Konikov-Rozenman
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharona Elgavish
- Info-CORE, I-CORE Bioinformatics Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yuval Nevo
- Info-CORE, I-CORE Bioinformatics Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yakov Fellig
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Malcolm Rabie
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Stella Mitrani-Rosenbaum
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Nevo
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Institute of Neurology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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12
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Wang J, Cui M, Sun F, Zhou K, Fan B, Qiu JH, Chen FQ. HDAC inhibitor sodium butyrate prevents allergic rhinitis and alters lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the nasal mucosa of mice. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1150-1162. [PMID: 32124940 PMCID: PMC7053856 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that intranasal administration of histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate (NaB) exhibits therapeutic effects on a mouse model of allergic rhinitis (AR). However, whether NaB is effective on AR when administered orally and prophylactically, as well as its potential effects on gene expression, remained unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of NaB on AR when added to the diet of newly weaned mice and to evaluate the changes in long non-coding (lnc)RNA and mRNA expression profiles in the nasal mucosa. Mice were randomly divided into three groups as follows: i) Control (C) group, (no treatment); ii) AR group [treated with ovalbumin (OVA)]; and iii) NaB + AR group (treated with OVA and NaB). The NaB + AR group was administered NaB in their feed (30 g/kg chow), whereas the other two groups were fed normal feed between 3 and 6 weeks of age. At 7 weeks of age, OVA administration was initiated to induce AR in the AR and NaB + AR groups. Following model establishment, behavioral assessments, western blotting and gene expression analysis were performed. NaB exhibited a preventive effect in the murine AR model, diminished the increases in histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC8 expression and increased OVA-induced acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9. In addition, NaB increased the AR-associated low expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon γ and IL-17 and decreased the expression of IL-4, IL-5 and transforming growth factor β1. Gene Ontology and pathway analyses revealed the top 10 pathways among the groups. Octamer-binding transcription factor 1, ecotropic viral integration site 1 and paired box 4 were predicted to be target genes of lncRNA (NONMMUT057309). Thus, NaB may exhibit a preventive effect on AR. Additionally, the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in the nasal mucosa of mice with AR differed significantly following NaB treatment. These results may provide insights into the pathogenesis of AR and suggest new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Mu Cui
- School of Nursing, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, P.R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Bei Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Quan Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Nolte M, Margadant C. Controlling Immunity and Inflammation through Integrin-Dependent Regulation of TGF-β. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:49-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Lodyga M, Hinz B. TGF-β1 - A truly transforming growth factor in fibrosis and immunity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 101:123-139. [PMID: 31879265 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
'Jack of all trades, master of everything' is a fair label for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β) - a cytokine that controls our life at many levels. In the adult organism, TGF-β1 is critical for the development and maturation of immune cells, maintains immune tolerance and homeostasis, and regulates various aspects of immune responses. Following acute tissue damages, TGF-β1 becomes a master regulator of the healing process with impacts on about every cell type involved. Divergence from the tight control of TGF-β1 actions, for instance caused by chronic injury, severe trauma, or infection can tip the balance from regulated physiological to excessive pathological repair. This condition of fibrosis is characterized by accumulation and stiffening of collagenous scar tissue which impairs organ functions to the point of failure. Fibrosis and dysregulated immune responses are also a feature of cancer, in which tumor cells escape immune control partly by manipulating TGF-β1 regulation and where immune cells are excluded from the tumor by fibrotic matrix created during the stroma 'healing' response. Despite the obvious potential of TGF-β-signalling therapies, globally targeting TGF-β1 receptor, downstream pathways, or the active growth factor have proven to be extremely difficult if not impossible in systemic treatment regimes. However, TGF-β1 binding to cell receptors requires prior activation from latent complexes that are extracellularly presented on the surface of immune cells or within the extracellular matrix. These different locations have led to some divergence in the field which is often either seen from the perspective of an immunologists or a fibrosis/matrix researcher. Despite these human boundaries, there is considerable overlap between immune and tissue repair cells with respect to latent TGF-β1 presentation and activation. Moreover, the mechanisms and proteins employed by different cells and spatiotemporal control of latent TGF-β1 activation provide specificity that is amenable to drug development. This review aims at synthesizing the knowledge on TGF-β1 extracellular activation in the immune system and in fibrosis to further stimulate cross talk between the two research communities in solving the TGF-β conundrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lodyga
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1G6, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G1G6, Canada.
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Zhang X, Fujii T, Ogata H, Yamasaki R, Masaki K, Cui Y, Matsushita T, Isobe N, Kira JI. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine/chemokine/growth factor profiles in idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 330:38-43. [PMID: 30784775 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare neurologic disease causing inflammatory fibrous thickening of the brain and spinal dura mater. We investigated the cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profile of HP by measuring 28 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors with a multiplexed fluorescent immunoassay in 8 patients with HP (6 idiopathic, 1 IgG4-related, 1 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related), and 11 with other non-inflammatory neurologic diseases (OND). Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-10, TNF-α, and CXCL8/IL-8 levels were significantly higher in idiopathic HP (IHP) than OND. Cluster analyses disclosed two major clusters: one mainly consisted of IHP and the other of OND, suggesting a unique cytokine profile in IHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Department of Neurology and Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China. shu-@neuro.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
| | - Takayuki Fujii
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Ogata
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ryo Yamasaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Katsuhisa Masaki
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yiwen Cui
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Takuya Matsushita
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurological Therapeutics, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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