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Shi Q, Xue C, Zeng Y, Yuan X, Chu Q, Jiang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li L. Notch signaling pathway in cancer: from mechanistic insights to targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:128. [PMID: 38797752 PMCID: PMC11128457 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, renowned for its role in regulating cell fate, organ development, and tissue homeostasis across metazoans, is highly conserved throughout evolution. The Notch receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins containing epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences, typically necessitating receptor-ligand interaction to initiate classical Notch signaling transduction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway serves as both an oncogenic factor and a tumor suppressor in various cancer types. Dysregulation of this pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in malignancies, closely linked to cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway contributes to maintaining stem-like properties in cancer cells, thereby enhancing cancer invasiveness. The regulatory role of the Notch signaling pathway in cancer metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment suggests its pivotal involvement in balancing oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects. Moreover, the Notch signaling pathway is implicated in conferring chemoresistance to tumor cells. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these biological processes is crucial for developing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting Notch signaling. This review focuses on the research progress of the Notch signaling pathway in cancers, providing in-depth insights into the potential mechanisms of Notch signaling regulation in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Additionally, the review summarizes pharmaceutical clinical trials targeting Notch signaling for cancer therapy, aiming to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shuwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Agarwal P, Glowacka A, Mahmoud L, Bazzar W, Larsson LG, Alzrigat M. MYCN Amplification Is Associated with Reduced Expression of Genes Encoding γ-Secretase Complex and NOTCH Signaling Components in Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8141. [PMID: 37175848 PMCID: PMC10179553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is found in ~20% of neuroblastoma (NB) cases and correlates with high-risk disease and poor prognosis. Despite the plethora of studies describing the role of MYCN in NB, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying MYCN's contribution to high-risk disease are not completely understood. Herein, we implemented an integrative approach combining publicly available RNA-Seq and MYCN ChIP-Seq datasets derived from human NB cell lines to define biological processes directly regulated by MYCN in NB. Our approach revealed that MYCN-amplified NB cell lines, when compared to non-MYCN-amplified cell lines, are characterized by reduced expression of genes involved in NOTCH receptor processing, axoneme assembly, and membrane protein proteolysis. More specifically, we found genes encoding members of the γ-secretase complex, which is known for its ability to liberate several intracellular signaling molecules from membrane-bound proteins such as NOTCH receptors, to be down-regulated in MYCN-amplified NB cell lines. Analysis of MYCN ChIP-Seq data revealed an enrichment of MYCN binding at the transcription start sites of genes encoding γ-secretase complex subunits. Notably, using publicly available gene expression data from NB primary tumors, we revealed that the expression of γ-secretase subunits encoding genes and other components of the NOTCH signaling pathway was also reduced in MYCN-amplified tumors and correlated with worse overall survival in NB patients. Genetic or pharmacological depletion of MYCN in NB cell lines induced the expression of γ-secretase genes and NOTCH-target genes. Chemical inhibition of γ-secretase activity dampened the expression of NOTCH-target genes upon MYCN depletion in NB cells. In conclusion, this study defines a set of MYCN-regulated pathways that are specific to MYCN-amplified NB tumors, and it suggests a novel role for MYCN in the suppression of genes of the γ-secretase complex, with an impact on the NOTCH-target gene expression in MYCN-amplified NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasoon Agarwal
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Glowacka
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Loay Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wesam Bazzar
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars-Gunnar Larsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Alzrigat
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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NOTCH Signaling in Osteosarcoma. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2266-2283. [PMID: 36975516 PMCID: PMC10047431 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery has been promoted for the treatment of osteosarcoma; however, the local recurrence and lung metastasis rates remain high. Therefore, it is crucial to explore new therapeutic targets and strategies that are more effective. The NOTCH pathway is not only involved in normal embryonic development but also plays an important role in the development of cancers. The expression level and signaling functional status of the NOTCH pathway vary in different histological types of cancer as well as in the same type of cancer from different patients, reflecting the distinct roles of the Notch pathway in tumorigenesis. Studies have reported abnormal activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway in most clinical specimens of osteosarcoma, which is closely related to a poor prognosis. Similarly, studies have reported that NOTCH signaling affected the biological behavior of osteosarcoma through various molecular mechanisms. NOTCH-targeted therapy has shown potential for the treatment of osteosarcoma in clinical research. After the introduction of the composition and biological functions of the NOTCH signaling pathway, the review paper discussed the clinical significance of dysfunction in osteosarcoma. Then the paper reviewed the recent relevant research progress made both in the cell lines and in the animal models of osteosarcoma. Finally, the paper explored the potential of the clinical application of NOTCH-targeted therapy for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Ognibene M, De Marco P, Parodi S, Meli M, Di Cataldo A, Zara F, Pezzolo A. Genomic Analysis Made It Possible to Identify Gene-Driver Alterations Covering the Time Window between Diagnosis of Neuroblastoma 4S and the Progression to Stage 4. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126513. [PMID: 35742955 PMCID: PMC9224358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor of the developing sympathetic nervous system. Despite recent advances in understanding the complexity of NB, the mechanisms that determine its regression or progression are still largely unknown. Stage 4S NB is characterized by a favorable course of disease and often by spontaneous regression, while progression to true stage 4 is a very rare event. Here, we focused on genomic analysis of an NB case that progressed from stage 4S to stage 4 with a very poor outcome. Array-comparative genomic hybridization (a-CGH) on tumor-tissue DNA, and whole-exome sequencing (WES) on exosomes DNA derived from plasma collected at the onset and at the tumor progression, pointed out relevant genetic changes that can explain this clinical worsening. The combination of a-CGH and WES data allowed for the identification iof somatic copy number aberrations and single-nucleotide variants in genes known to be responsible for aggressive NB. KLRB1, MAPK3 and FANCA genes, which were lost at the time of progression, were studied for their possible role in this event by analyzing in silico the impact of their expression on the outcome of 786 NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Ognibene
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (P.D.M.); (F.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-5636-2601
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (P.D.M.); (F.Z.)
| | - Stefano Parodi
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Mariaclaudia Meli
- U.O.C. Ematologia e Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Andrea Di Cataldo
- U.O.C. Ematologia e Oncologia Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università di Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Federico Zara
- U.O.C. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (P.D.M.); (F.Z.)
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5
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Notch signaling pathway: architecture, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:95. [PMID: 35332121 PMCID: PMC8948217 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The NOTCH gene was identified approximately 110 years ago. Classical studies have revealed that NOTCH signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway. NOTCH receptors undergo three cleavages and translocate into the nucleus to regulate the transcription of target genes. NOTCH signaling deeply participates in the development and homeostasis of multiple tissues and organs, the aberration of which results in cancerous and noncancerous diseases. However, recent studies indicate that the outcomes of NOTCH signaling are changeable and highly dependent on context. In terms of cancers, NOTCH signaling can both promote and inhibit tumor development in various types of cancer. The overall performance of NOTCH-targeted therapies in clinical trials has failed to meet expectations. Additionally, NOTCH mutation has been proposed as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade therapy in many cancers. Collectively, the NOTCH pathway needs to be integrally assessed with new perspectives to inspire discoveries and applications. In this review, we focus on both classical and the latest findings related to NOTCH signaling to illustrate the history, architecture, regulatory mechanisms, contributions to physiological development, related diseases, and therapeutic applications of the NOTCH pathway. The contributions of NOTCH signaling to the tumor immune microenvironment and cancer immunotherapy are also highlighted. We hope this review will help not only beginners but also experts to systematically and thoroughly understand the NOTCH signaling pathway.
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Majumder S, Crabtree JS, Golde TE, Minter LM, Osborne BA, Miele L. Targeting Notch in oncology: the path forward. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 20:125-144. [PMID: 33293690 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-020-00091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Notch signalling is involved in many aspects of cancer biology, including angiogenesis, tumour immunity and the maintenance of cancer stem-like cells. In addition, Notch can function as an oncogene and a tumour suppressor in different cancers and in different cell populations within the same tumour. Despite promising preclinical results and early-phase clinical trials, the goal of developing safe, effective, tumour-selective Notch-targeting agents for clinical use remains elusive. However, our continually improving understanding of Notch signalling in specific cancers, individual cancer cases and different cell populations, as well as crosstalk between pathways, is aiding the discovery and development of novel investigational Notch-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarpan Majumder
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Judy S Crabtree
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Todd E Golde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lisa M Minter
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Barbara A Osborne
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA. .,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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Fasoulakis Z, Daskalakis G, Theodora M, Antsaklis P, Sindos M, Diakosavvas M, Angelou K, Loutradis D, Kontomanolis EN. The Relevance of Notch Signaling in Cancer Progression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:169-181. [PMID: 33034032 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway controls normal embryonic development and tissue homeostasis of many cell types. It regulates cell proliferation, fate, differentiation, and cell death by short-range signaling between nearby cells that come in contact. The Notch pathway has also been critically involved in the pathobiology of a variety of malignancies, regulating cancer initiation and development, as well as early stages of cancer progression, by adjusting conserved cellular programs. Fibroblasts, an essential for tumor growth component of stroma, have also been affected by Notch regulation. Sequencing Notch gene mutations have been identified in a number of human tumors, revealing information on the progression of specific cancer types, such as ovarian cancer and melanoma, immune-associated tumors such as myeloid neoplasms, but especially in lymphocytic leukemia. Activation of the Notch can be either oncogenic or it may contain growth-suppressive functions, acting as a tumor suppressor in other hematopoietic cells, hepatocytes, skin, and pancreatic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Fasoulakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens, Greece.
| | - George Daskalakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Theodora
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Antsaklis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Sindos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Diakosavvas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyveli Angelou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loutradis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens - 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel N Kontomanolis
- Democritus University of Thrace - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Guenter R, Patel Z, Chen H. Notch Signaling in Thyroid Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1287:155-168. [PMID: 33034031 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system with a steadily rising incidence. The term "thyroid cancer" encompasses a spectrum of subtypes, namely papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer, and medullary thyroid cancer. Each subtype differs histopathologically and in degrees of cellular differentiation, which may be in part due to signaling of the Notch pathway. The Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signal transduction mechanism that regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, stem cell maintenance, embryonic and adult development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. Its role in cancer biology is controversial, as it has been shown to play both an oncogenic and tumor-suppressive role in many different types of cancers. This discordance holds true for each subtype of thyroid cancer, indicating that Notch signaling is likely cell type and context dependent. Whether oncogenic or not, Notch signaling has proven to be significantly involved in the tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer and has thus earned interest as a therapeutic target. Advancement in the understanding of Notch signaling in thyroid cancer holds great promise for the development of novel treatment strategies to benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Guenter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zeelu Patel
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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A Wnt-BMP4 Signaling Axis Induces MSX and NOTCH Proteins and Promotes Growth Suppression and Differentiation in Neuroblastoma. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030783. [PMID: 32210188 PMCID: PMC7140810 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways are known to be crucial in the development of neural crest lineages, including the sympathetic nervous system. Surprisingly, their role in paediatric neuroblastoma, the prototypic tumor arising from this lineage, remains relatively uncharacterised. We previously demonstrated that Wnt/b-catenin signaling can have cell-type-specific effects on neuroblastoma phenotypes, including growth inhibition and differentiation, and that BMP4 mRNA and protein were induced by Wnt3a/Rspo2. In this study, we characterised the phenotypic effects of BMP4 on neuroblastoma cells, demonstrating convergent induction of MSX homeobox transcription factors by Wnt and BMP4 signaling and BMP4-induced growth suppression and differentiation. An immunohistochemical analysis of BMP4 expression in primary neuroblastomas confirms a striking absence of BMP4 in poorly differentiated tumors, in contrast to a high expression in ganglion cells. These results are consistent with a tumor suppressive role for BMP4 in neuroblastoma. RNA sequencing following BMP4 treatment revealed induction of Notch signaling, verified by increases of Notch3 and Hes1 proteins. Together, our data demonstrate, for the first time, Wnt-BMP-Notch signaling crosstalk associated with growth suppression of neuroblastoma.
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Shiraishi T, Sakaitani M, Otsuguro S, Maenaka K, Suzuki T, Nakaya T. Novel Notch signaling inhibitor NSI‑1 suppresses nuclear translocation of the Notch intracellular domain. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1574-1584. [PMID: 31364722 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch receptor serves a fundamental role in the regulation of cell fate determination through intracellular signal transmission. Mutation of the Notch receptor results in abnormal active signaling, leading to the development of diseases involving abnormal cell growth, including malignant tumors. Therefore, the Notch signaling pathway is a useful pharmacological target for the treatment of cancer. In the present study, a compound screening system was designed to identify inhibitors of the Notch signaling targeting Notch intracellular domain (NICD). A total of 9,600 compounds were analyzed using the Michigan Cancer Foundation‑7 (MCF7) human breast adenocarcinoma cell line and the SH‑SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line with the reporter assay system using an artificial protein encoding a partial Notch carboxyl‑terminal fragment fused to the Gal4 DNA‑binding domain. The molecular mechanism underlying the inhibition of Notch signaling by a hit compound was further validated using biochemical and cell biological approaches. Using the screening system, a potential candidate, Notch signaling inhibitor‑1 (NSI‑1), was isolated which showed 50% inhibition at 6.1 µM in an exogenous Notch signaling system. In addition, NSI‑1 suppressed the nuclear translocation of NICD and endogenous gene expression of hairy and enhancer of split‑1, indicating that NSI‑1 specifically targets Notch. Notably, NSI‑1 suppressed the cell viability of MCF7 cells and another human breast adenocarcinoma cell line, MDA‑MB‑231 exhibiting constitutive and high Notch signaling activity, whereas no significant effect was observed in the SH‑SY5Y cells bearing a lower Notch signaling activity. NSI‑1 significantly suppressed the viability of SH‑SY5Y cells expressing exogenous human Notch1. These results indicate that NSI‑1 is a novel Notch signaling inhibitor and suggest its potential as a useful drug for the treatment of diseases induced by constitutively active Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Shiraishi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060‑0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakaitani
- Lilac Pharma Inc., Hokkaido Collaboration Center, Sapporo 001‑0021, Japan
| | - Satoko Otsuguro
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060‑0812, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Center for Research and Education on Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060‑0812, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060‑0812, Japan
| | - Tadashi Nakaya
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060‑0812, Japan
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Piana S, Zanetti E, Bisagni A, Ciarrocchi A, Giordano D, Torricelli F, Rossi T, Ragazzi M. Expression of NOTCH1 in thyroid cancer is mostly restricted to papillary carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:1089-1096. [PMID: 31265994 PMCID: PMC6652246 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The NOTCH signaling is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that regulates cell-cell interactions. NOTCH family members play a fundamental role in a variety of processes during development in particular in cell fate decisions. As other crucial factors during embryogenesis, NOTCH signaling is aberrantly reactivated in cancer where it has been linked to context-dependent effects. In thyroid cancer, NOTCH1 expression has been associated to aggressive features even if its in vivo expression within the entire spectrum of thyroid tumors has not definitively established. A series of 106 thyroid specimens including non-neoplastic lesions, benign and malignant tumors of common and rare histotypes, were investigated by immunohistochemistry to assess NOTCH1 expression. Extent of positivity and protein localization were investigated and correlated with clinical and morphological parameters. NOTCH1 positivity was predominantly associated with papillary carcinomas and only occasionally found in follicular carcinomas. Poorly differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid carcinomas showed only a partial positivity. NOTCH1 expression pattern also seemed differently distributed according to histotype. Our data confirm a role of NOTCH1 in thyroid cancer and highlight for the first time the specific involvement of this pathway in papillary carcinomas. Our data also indicate that other thyroid malignancies do not rely on NOTCH1 signaling for development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Piana
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL – IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL – IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL – IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Giordano
- Otolaryngology Unit, Azienda USL – IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL – IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Teresa Rossi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL – IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL – IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Allgayer H, Leupold JH, Patil N. Defining the "Metastasome": Perspectives from the genome and molecular landscape in colorectal cancer for metastasis evolution and clinical consequences. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:1-13. [PMID: 31362074 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis still poses the highest challenge for personalized therapy in cancer, partly due to a still incomplete understanding of its molecular evolution. We recently presented the most comprehensive whole-genome study of colorectal metastasis vs. matched primary tumors and suggested novel components of disease progression and metastasis evolution, some of them potentially relevant for targeted therapy. In this review, we try to put these findings into perspective with latest discoveries of colleagues and recent literature, and propose a systematic international team effort to collectively define the "metastasome", a term we introduce to summarize all genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, further -omic, molecular and functional characteristics rendering metastases different from primary tumors. Based on recent discoveries, we propose a revised metastasis model for colorectal cancer which is based on a common ancestor clone, early dissemination but flexible early or late stage clonal separation paralleling stromal interactions. Furthermore, we discuss hypotheses on site-specific metastasis, colorectal cancer progression, metastasis-targeted diagnosis and therapy, and metastasis prevention based on latest metastasome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Allgayer
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 6, 68135, Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jörg H Leupold
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 6, 68135, Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nitin Patil
- Department of Experimental Surgery - Cancer Metastasis, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Theodor Kutzer Ufer 1-3, 68135, Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ludolf-Krehl-Str. 6, 68135, Mannheim, Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Swift L, Zhang C, Kovalchuk O, Boklan J, Trippett T, Narendran A. Dual functionality of the antimicrobial agent taurolidine which demonstrates effective anti-tumor properties in pediatric neuroblastoma. Invest New Drugs 2019; 38:690-699. [PMID: 31264069 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High-risk, relapsed and refractory neuroblastoma are associated with poor 5-years survival rates, demonstrating the need for investigational therapeutic agents to treat this disease. Taurolidine is derived from the aminosulfoacid taurine and has known anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties. Taurolidine has also demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects in a range of cancers, providing the rationale to investigate the activity of taurolidine against neuroblastoma in preclinical studies. We investigated the in vitro activity of taurolidine against neuroblastoma using the alamar blue cytotoxicity assay, phase-contrast light microscopy, western blotting and analysis of global gene expression by RNA-Seq. In vivo activity of taurolidine was evaluated using mouse xenograft models. In vitro pre-clinical data show that taurolidine is cytotoxic to neuroblastoma cell lines, inducing cell death by apoptosis. Analysis of global gene expression and determination of signaling pathway activation scores using the in silico Pathway Activation Network Decomposition Analysis (iPANDA) platform indicates that taurolidine has an effect on the Notch, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling pathways. In vivo experiments in xenograft mouse models show that taurolidine decreases tumor growth and improves survival. These results provide supportive pre-clinical data on the activity of taurolidine against neuroblastoma. The findings support the rationale for further evaluation of taurolidine for the treatment of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma patients in an early phase clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Swift
- POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, Alberta, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Chunfen Zhang
- POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, Alberta, T3B 6A8, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Boklan
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Tanya Trippett
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aru Narendran
- POETIC Laboratory for Preclinical and Drug Discovery Studies, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. .,Division of Pediatric Oncology, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, Alberta, T3B 6A8, Canada.
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14
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Dorneburg C, Goß AV, Fischer M, Roels F, Barth TFE, Berthold F, Kappler R, Oswald F, Siveke JT, Molenaar JJ, Debatin KM, Beltinger C. γ-Secretase inhibitor I inhibits neuroblastoma cells, with NOTCH and the proteasome among its targets. Oncotarget 2018; 7:62799-62813. [PMID: 27588497 PMCID: PMC5325329 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) has a poor prognosis, new therapeutic modalities are needed. We therefore investigated the susceptibility of NB cells to γ-secretase inhibitor I (GSI-I). NOTCH signaling activity, the cellular effects of GSI-I and its mechanisms of cytotoxicity were evaluated in NB cells in vitro and in vivo. The results show that NOTCH signaling is relevant for human NB cells. Of the GSIs screened in vitro GSI-I was the most effective inhibitor of NB cells. Both MYCN-amplified and non-amplified NB cells were susceptible to GSI-I. Among the targets of GSI-I in NB cells were NOTCH and the proteasome. GSI-I caused G2/M arrest that was enhanced by acute activation of MYCN and led to mitotic dysfunction. GSI-I also induced proapoptotic NOXA. Survival of mice bearing an MYCN non-amplified orthotopic patient-derived NB xenograft was significantly prolonged by systemic GSI-I, associated with mitotic catastrophe and reduced angiogenesis, and without evidence of intestinal toxicity. In conclusion, the activity of GSI-I on multiple targets in NB cells and the lack of gastrointestinal toxicity in mice are advantageous and merit further investigations of GSI-I in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Dorneburg
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika V Goß
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frederik Roels
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas F E Barth
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Berthold
- Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Oswald
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens T Siveke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Beltinger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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15
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Kunnimalaiyaan S, Schwartz VK, Jackson IA, Clark Gamblin T, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Antiproliferative and apoptotic effect of LY2090314, a GSK-3 inhibitor, in neuroblastoma in vitro. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:560. [PMID: 29751783 PMCID: PMC5948712 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroblastoma (NB) is a devastating disease. Despite recent advances in the treatment of NB, about 60% of high-risk NB will have relapse and therefore long-term event free survival is very minimal. We have reported that targeting glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) may be a potential strategy to treat NB. Consequently, investigating LY2090314, a clinically relevant GSK-3 inhibitor, on NB cellular proliferation and may be beneficial for NB treatment. Methods The effect of LY2090314 was compared with a previously studied GSK-3 inhibitor, Tideglusib. Colorimetric, clonogenic, and live-cell image confluency assays were used to study the proliferative effect of LY2090314 on NB cell lines (NGP, SK-N-AS, and SH-SY-5Y). Western blotting and caspase glo assay were performed to determine the mechanistic function of LY2090314 in NB cell lines. Results LY2090314 treatment exhibited significant growth reduction starting at a 20 nM concentration in NGP, SK-N-AS, and SH-SY-5Y cells. Western blot analysis indicated that growth suppression was due to apoptosis as evidenced by an increase in pro-apoptotic markers cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 and a reduction in the anti-apoptotic protein, survivin. Further, treatment significantly reduced the level of cyclin D1, a key regulatory protein of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Functionally, this was confirmed by an increase in caspase activity. LY2090314 treatment reduced the expression levels of phosphorylated GSK-3 proteins and increased the stability of β-catenin in these cells. Conclusions LY2090314 effectively reduces growth of both human MYCN amplified and non-amplified NB cell lines in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first study to look at the effect of LY2090314 in NB cell lines. These results indicate that GSK-3 may be a therapeutic target for NB and provide rationale for further preclinical analysis using LY2090314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Victoriana K Schwartz
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Iris Alao Jackson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - T Clark Gamblin
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, C4763, Translational and Biomedical Research Center, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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16
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Aveic S, Corallo D, Porcù E, Pantile M, Boso D, Zanon C, Viola G, Sidarovich V, Mariotto E, Quattrone A, Basso G, Tonini GP. TP-0903 inhibits neuroblastoma cell growth and enhances the sensitivity to conventional chemotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:435-448. [PMID: 29154838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonal tumor with low cure rate for patients classified as high-risk. This class of NB tumors shows a very complex genomic background and requires aggressive treatment strategies. In this work we evaluated the efficacy of the novel multi-kinase inhibitor TP-0903 in impairing NB cells' growth, proliferation and motility. In vitro studies were performed using cell lines with different molecular background, and in vivo studies were done using the zebrafish experimental model. Our results confirmed a strong cytotoxicity of TP-0903 already at the sub-micro molar concentrations. The observed cytotoxicity of TP-0903 was irreversible and the resulting apoptosis was caspase dependent. In addition, TP-0903 impaired colony formation and neurosphere creation. Depending on the molecular background of the selected NB cell lines, TP-0903 influenced either their capacity to migrate, to complete their cell cycle or both. Likewise, TP-0903 reduced NB cells intravasation in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, TP-0903 showed remarkable pharmacological efficacy not only as a mono-treatment, but also in combination with conventional chemotherapy drugs (ATRA, cisplatin, and VP16) in different types of NB cells. In conclusion, the multi-kinase activity of TP-0903 allowed the impairment of several biological processes required for expansion of NB cells, making them more vulnerable to the conventional chemotherapeutics. Altogether, our results support the eligibility of TP-0903 for further (pre)clinical assessments in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Aveic
- Pediatric Research Institute - Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy.
| | - Diana Corallo
- Pediatric Research Institute - Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Elena Porcù
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Oncohematology, SDB Department, Padua, Italy
| | - Marcella Pantile
- Pediatric Research Institute - Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Daniele Boso
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Oncohematology, SDB Department, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Zanon
- Pediatric Research Institute - Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Oncohematology, SDB Department, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Elena Mariotto
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Oncohematology, SDB Department, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Basso
- University of Padua, Laboratory of Oncohematology, SDB Department, Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Tonini
- Pediatric Research Institute - Città della Speranza, Neuroblastoma Laboratory, Padua, Italy
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Cao Y, Jin Y, Yu J, Wang J, Yan J, Zhao Q. Research progress of neuroblastoma related gene variations. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18444-18455. [PMID: 28055978 PMCID: PMC5392342 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor among children, is an embryonal tumor originating from undifferentiated neural crest cell. Neuroblastomas are highly heterogeneous, represented by the wide range of clinical presentations and likelihood of cure, ranging from spontaneous regression to relentless progression despite rigorous multimodal treatments. Approximately, 50% of cases are high-risk with overall survival rates less than 40%. With the efforts to collect large numbers of clinically annotated specimens and the advancements in technologies, researchers have revealed numerous genetic alterations that may drive tumor growth. However, the most lack mutations in genes that are recurrently mutated, which inspires researchers to identify disrupted pathways instead of single mutated genes to unearth biological systems perturbed in neuroblastoma. Stratification of patients and target therapy based on their molecular signatures have been the center of focus. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in identification of candidate genes variations, targeted approaches to high-risk neuroblastoma and evaluates the methods utilized for detection, which will provide new avenues to develop therapies and further genetic researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanna Cao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jingfu Wang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy of Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, P.R. China
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18
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Chung CM, Lee CH, Chen MK, Lee KW, Lan CCE, Kwan AL, Tsai MH, Ko YC. Combined Genetic Biomarkers and Betel Quid Chewing for Identifying High-Risk Group for Oral Cancer Occurrence. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:355-362. [PMID: 28400480 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Min Chung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Oral Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ka-Wo Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che E Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Aij-Lie Kwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Environment-Omics-Diseases Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Loss of Polycomb Group Protein Pcgf1 Severely Compromises Proper Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46276. [PMID: 28393894 PMCID: PMC5385539 DOI: 10.1038/srep46276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is essential for fate decisions of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Emerging evidence suggests that six major variants of PRC1 complex, defined by the mutually exclusive presence of Pcgf subunit, regulate distinct biological processes, yet very little is known about the mechanism by which each version of PRC1 instructs and maintains cell fate. Here, we disrupted the Pcgf1, also known as Nspc1 and one of six Pcgf paralogs, in mouse ES cells by the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. We showed that although these mutant cells were viable and retained normal self-renewal, they displayed severe defects in differentiation in vitro. To gain a better understanding of the role of Pcgf1 in transcriptional control of differentiation, we analysed mRNA profiles from Pcgf1 deficient cells using RNA-seq. Interestingly, we found that Pcgf1 positively regulated expression of essential transcription factors involved in ectoderm and mesoderm differentiation, revealing an unexpected function of Pcgf1 in gene activation during ES cell lineage specification. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that Pcgf1 deletion caused a decrease in Ring1B and its associated H2AK119ub1 mark binding to target genes. Altogether, our results suggested an unexpected function of Pcgf1 in gene activation during ES cell maintenance.
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Woodfield SE, Guo RJ, Liu Y, Major AM, Hollingsworth EF, Indiviglio S, Whittle SB, Mo Q, Bean AJ, Ittmann M, Lopez-Terrada D, Zage PE. Neuroblastoma patient outcomes, tumor differentiation, and ERK activation are correlated with expression levels of the ubiquitin ligase UBE4B. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:13-26. [PMID: 27014418 PMCID: PMC4773702 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND UBE4B is an E3/E4 ubiquitin ligase whose gene is located in chromosome 1p36.22. We analyzed the associations of UBE4B gene and protein expression with neuroblastoma patient outcomes and with tumor prognostic features and histology. METHODS We evaluated the association of UBE4B gene expression with neuroblastoma patient outcomes using the R2 Platform. We screened neuroblastoma tumor samples for UBE4B protein expression using immunohistochemistry. FISH for UBE4B and 1p36 deletion was performed on tumor samples. We then evaluated UBE4B expression for associations with prognostic factors and with levels of phosphorylated ERK in neuroblastoma tumors and cell lines. RESULTS Low UBE4B gene expression is associated with poor outcomes in patients with neuroblastoma and with worse outcomes in all patient subgroups. UBE4B protein expression was associated with neuroblastoma tumor differentiation, and decreased UBE4B protein levels were associated with high-risk features. UBE4B protein levels were also associated with levels of phosphorylated ERK. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated associations between UBE4B gene expression and neuroblastoma patient outcomes and prognostic features. Reduced UBE4B protein expression in neuroblastoma tumors was associated with high-risk features, a lack of differentiation, and with ERK activation. These results suggest UBE4B may contribute to the poor prognosis of neuroblastoma tumors with 1p36 deletions and that UBE4B expression may mediate neuroblastoma differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Woodfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rong Jun Guo
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical School & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Angela M Major
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sandra Indiviglio
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah B Whittle
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew J Bean
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas Medical School & Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; The Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dolores Lopez-Terrada
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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21
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Mirone G, Perna S, Shukla A, Marfe G. Involvement of Notch-1 in Resistance to Regorafenib in Colon Cancer Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1097-105. [PMID: 26419617 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Regorafenib, an oral small-molecule multi kinase inhibitor, is able to block Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors (VEGFR-1, 2, and 3), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptors (PDGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) receptor 1, Raf, TIE-2, and the kinases KIT, RET, and BRAF. Different studies have displayed its antitumor activity in several cancer models (both in vitro and in vivo), particularly in colorectal and gastrointestinal stromal cancers. The mechanism of resistance to regorafenib is largely unknown. In our investigation, we have generated regorafenib-resistant SW480 cells (Reg-R-SW480 cells) by culturing such cells with increasing concentration of regorafenib. Examination of intracellular signaling found that Akt signaling was activated in Reg-R-SW480 cells but not in wild-type SW480 cells, after regorafenib treatment as measured by Western Blot. The Notch pathway is a fundamental signaling system in the development and homeostasis of tissues since it regulates different cellular process such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and it can be a potential driver of resistance to a wide array of targeted therapies. In this study, we found that Notch-1 was significantly up-regulated in resistant tumor cells as well as HES1 and HEY. Additionally, inhibition of Notch-1 in resistant cells partially restored sensitivity to regorafenib treatment in vitro. Collectively, these data suggest a key role of Notch-1 in mediating the resistant effects of regorafenib in colorectal cancer cells, and also provide a rationale to improve the therapeutic efficacy of regorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mirone
- Department of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Perna
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
| | - Arvind Shukla
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil University, Plot No. 50, Sector-15, C.B.D. Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharastra, India
| | - Gabriella Marfe
- Department of Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Second University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, Caserta, Italy
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22
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Dewji NN, Singer SJ, Masliah E, Rockenstein E, Kim M, Harber M, Horwood T. Peptides of presenilin-1 bind the amyloid precursor protein ectodomain and offer a novel and specific therapeutic approach to reduce ß-amyloid in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122451. [PMID: 25923432 PMCID: PMC4414571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is widely accepted to be critical to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current efforts at reducing toxic Aβ40 or 42 have largely focused on modulating γ-secretase activity to produce shorter, less toxic Aβ, while attempting to spare other secretase functions. In this paper we provide data that offer the potential for a new approach for the treatment of AD. The method is based on our previous findings that the production of Aβ from the interaction between the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Presenilin (PS), as part of the γ-secretase complex, in cell culture is largely inhibited if the entire water-soluble NH2-terminal domain of PS is first added to the culture. Here we demonstrate that two small, non-overlapping water-soluble peptides from the PS-1 NH2-terminal domain can substantially and specifically inhibit the production of total Aβ as well as Aβ40 and 42 in vitro and in vivo in the brains of APP transgenic mice. These results suggest that the inhibitory activity of the entire amino terminal domain of PS-1 on Aβ production is largely focused in a few smaller sequences within that domain. Using biolayer interferometry and confocal microscopy we provide evidence that peptides effective in reducing Aβ give a strong, specific and biologically relevant binding with the purified ectodomain of APP 695. Finally, we demonstrate that the reduction of Aβ by the peptides does not affect the catalytic activities of β- or γ-secretase, or the level of APP. P4 and P8 are the first reported protein site-specific small peptides to reduce Aβ production in model systems of AD. These peptides and their derivatives offer new potential drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazneen N. Dewji
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Cenna Biosciences Incorporated, 505 Coast Boulevard, Suite 302, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - S. Jonathan Singer
- Department of Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Cenna Biosciences Incorporated, 505 Coast Boulevard, Suite 302, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States of America
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
| | - Mihyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
- Cenna Biosciences Incorporated, 505 Coast Boulevard, Suite 302, La Jolla, CA, 92037, United States of America
| | - Martha Harber
- FortéBio, Pall Corporation, 1360 Willow Rd, Suite 201, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, United States of America
| | - Taylor Horwood
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging Core, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States of America
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Mao L. NOTCH mutations: multiple faces in human malignancies. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:259-61. [PMID: 25712049 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-15-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NOTCH proteins have been implicated in multiple cellular functions, such as stem cell maintenance and cell fate determination. Initially identified as proto-oncogenes because they promote the development of certain types of leukemia, inactivating mutations of NOTCH were later reported. Together with the potential distinct functions of NOTCH family members, their ligands and associated niches, the precise roles of NOTCH in human cancers, particularly solid tumors, remain unsettled. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), mutations of NOTCH1 are found in 10% to 15% tumors from Caucasian patients, mostly inactivating mutations. Recent studies of OSCC from Chinese patients, however, showed mutation rates of NOTCH1 about 50% with a considerable portion of potential activating mutations. These findings add another twist into the already complex picture of NOTCH alterations in human cancers, calling for further investigation to uncover what role exactly these molecules play in cancer initiation and progression to develop strategies targeting NOTCH signaling for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Mao
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland.
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24
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Kishida S, Kadomatsu K. Involvement of midkine in neuroblastoma tumourigenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:896-904. [PMID: 24116381 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Midkine is highly expressed in various cancers, including neuroblastoma, one of the most malignant paediatric solid tumours known. Also, it has been shown to be useful as a tumour marker, a prognosis factor and a target of molecular therapy. Several molecular tools (e.g. siRNA, antibodies and RNA aptamer) have been used to establish a midkine-targeted therapy. The involvement of midkine in tumourigenesis has been demonstrated in vivo in a mouse neuroblastoma model, where targeting it with an RNA aptamer was shown to be an effective treatment for xenografted tumours. Chemoresistance is one of the notable phenotypes regulated by midkine in various cancer cell types. In pancreatic tumours and glioma cells, midkine is expressed in chemoresistant cells and is involved in the survival of these cells in the presence of anticancer drugs. In contrast to these tumours, midkine was found to be expressed in every neuroblastoma cell line tested and the knockdown of midkine alone was sufficient to suppress their growth. These results indicate that neuroblastoma cells are highly dependent on midkine and that a midkine-targeted therapy could exert a significant effect in these cells. However, to achieve a midkine-targeted therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma patients, the further refinement of the RNA aptamer or antibody as tools and the elucidation of midkine signalling are immediate issues that need to be resolved. Regarding the latter, although it has been shown that Notch2 functions as a receptor in neuroblastoma cells, it is likely that other receptors (e.g. anaplastic lymphoma kinase) are also involved in midkine signalling. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kishida
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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25
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Zhang JP, Li N, Bai WZ, Qiu XC, Ma BA, Zhou Y, Fan QY, Shan LQ. Notch ligand Delta-like 1 promotes the metastasis of melanoma by enhancing tumor adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:299-306. [PMID: 24714813 PMCID: PMC4075293 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a vital role in tumorigenicity and tumor progression by
regulating proliferation, invasion, and the tumor microenvironment. Previous research
by our group indicated that Notch ligand Delta-like 1 (Dll1) is involved in
angiogenesis in melanoma, and we noticed that it took a longer time to trypsinize
Dll1-expressing B16 melanoma cells than the control cells. In this article, we
extended our study to investigate the effects of Dll1 on tumor cell adhesion and
metastasis. Dll1 overexpression activated Notch signaling in B16 tumor cells and
significantly enhanced the adhering capacity of B16 tumor cells both in
vitro and in vivo. B16-Dll1 cells also had a higher
metastatic potential than their counterpart in the mouse model of lung metastasis.
Along with increased Dll1 expression, N-cadherin, but not E-cadherin, was upregulated
in B16-Dll1 cells. These data suggested that Notch ligand Dll1 may enhance the
adhesion and metastasis of melanoma cells by upregulation of N-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - N Li
- Department of Oncology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - W Z Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - X C Qiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - B A Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Q Y Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - L Q Shan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Carter YM, Kunnimalaiyaan S, Chen H, Gamblin TC, Kunnimalaiyaan M. Specific glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition reduces neuroendocrine markers and suppresses neuroblastoma cell growth. Cancer Biol Ther 2014; 15:510-5. [PMID: 24521712 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.28015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroblastoma is a common neuroendocrine (NE) tumor that presents in early childhood, with a high incidence of malignancy and recurrence. The glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathway is a potential therapeutic target, as this pathway has been shown to be crucial in the management of other NE tumors. However, it is not known which isoform is necessary for growth inhibition. In this study, we investigated the effect of the GSK-3 inhibitor AR-A014418 on the different GSK-3 isoforms in neuroblastoma. METHODS NGP and SH-5Y-SY cells were treated with 0-20 μM of AR-A014418 and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Expression levels of NE markers CgA and ASCL1, GSK-3 isoforms, and apoptotic markers were analyzed by western blot. RESULTS Neuroblastoma cells treated with AR-A014418 had a significant reduction in growth at all doses and time points (P<0.001). A reduction in growth was noted in cell lines on day 6, with 10 μM (NGP-53% vs. 0% and SH-5Y-SY-38% vs. 0%, P<0.001) treatment compared to control, corresponding with a noticeable reduction in tumor marker ASCL1 and CgA expression. CONCLUSION Treatment of neuroblastoma cell lines with AR-A014418 reduced the level of GSK-3α phosphorylation at Tyr279 compared to GSK-3β phosphorylation at Tyr216, and attenuated growth via the maintenance of apoptosis. This study supports further investigation to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which GSK-3α inhibition downregulates the expression of NE tumor markers and growth of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette M Carter
- University of Wisconsin Endocrine Surgery Laboratory; Madison, WI USA
| | - Selvi Kunnimalaiyaan
- University of Wisconsin Endocrine Surgery Laboratory; Madison, WI USA; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- University of Wisconsin Endocrine Surgery Laboratory; Madison, WI USA
| | | | - Muthusamy Kunnimalaiyaan
- University of Wisconsin Endocrine Surgery Laboratory; Madison, WI USA; Medical College of Wisconsin; Milwaukee, WI USA
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27
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Patel PN, Yu XM, Jaskula-Sztul R, Chen H. Hesperetin activates the Notch1 signaling cascade, causes apoptosis, and induces cellular differentiation in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2014; 21 Suppl 4:S497-504. [PMID: 24419754 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is characterized by very aggressive growth with undifferentiated features. Recently, it has been reported that the Notch1 signaling pathway, which affects thyrocyte proliferation and differentiation, is inactivated in ATC. However, it remains largely unknown whether using Notch1 activating compounds can be an effective therapeutic strategy in ATC. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the drug effects of a potential Notch activator hesperetin on ATC cell. METHODS A unique ATC cell line HTh7 was used to evaluate the drug effects of hesperetin. The Notch1 activating function and cell proliferation were evaluated. The mechanism of growth regulation was investigated by the detection of apoptotic markers. The expression levels of thyrocyte-specific genes were quantified for ATC redifferentiation. RESULTS Upregulated expression of Notch1 and its downstream effectors hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1) and Hes1 related with YRPW motif was observed in hesperetin-treated ATC cells. The enhanced luciferase signal also confirmed the functional activity of hesperetin-induced Notch1 signaling. Hesperetin led to a time- and dose-dependent decrease in ATC cell proliferation. The cell-growth inhibition was mainly caused by apoptosis as evidenced by increased levels of cleaved poly ADP ribose polymerase and cleaved caspase-3 as well as decreased survivin. Additionally, hesperetin induced the expression levels of thyrocyte-specific genes including thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1), TTF2, paired box gene 8, thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, and sodium/iodide symporter. CONCLUSIONS Hesperetin activates the Notch1 signaling cascade and suppresses ATC cell proliferation mainly via apoptosis. Hesperetin also induces cell redifferentiation of ATC, which could be useful clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyesh N Patel
- Endocrine Surgery Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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28
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McManus MM, Weiss KR, Hughes DPM. Understanding the role of Notch in osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 804:67-92. [PMID: 24924169 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Notch pathway has been described as an oncogene in osteosarcoma, but the myriad functions of all the members of this complex signaling pathway, both in malignant cells and nonmalignant components of tumors, make it more difficult to define Notch as simply an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. The cell-autonomous behaviors caused by Notch pathway manipulation may vary between cell lines but can include changes in proliferation, migration, invasiveness, oxidative stress resistance, and expression of markers associated with stemness or tumor-initiating cells. Beyond these roles, Notch signaling also plays a vital role in regulating tumor angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, which are vital aspects of osteosarcoma growth and behavior in vivo. Further, osteosarcoma cells themselves express relatively low levels of Notch ligand, making it likely that nonmalignant cells, especially endothelial cells and pericytes, are the major source of Notch activation in osteosarcoma tumors in vivo and in patients. As a result, Notch pathway expression is not expected to be uniform across a tumor but likely to be highest in those areas immediately adjacent to blood vessels. Therapeutic targeting of the Notch pathway is likewise expected to be complicated. Most pharmacologic approaches thus far have focused on inhibition of gamma secretase, a protease of the presenilin complex. This enzyme, however, has numerous other target proteins that would be expected to affect osteosarcoma behavior, including CD44, the WNT/β-catenin pathway, and Her-4. In addition, Notch plays a vital role in tissue and organ homeostasis in numerous systems, and toxicities, especially GI intolerance, have limited the effectiveness of gamma secretase inhibitors. New approaches are in development, and the downstream targets of Notch pathway signaling also may turn out to be good targets for therapy. In summary, a full understanding of the complex functions of Notch in osteosarcoma is only now unfolding, and this deeper knowledge will help position the field to better utilize novel therapies as they are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madonna M McManus
- The Children's Cancer Hospital at MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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29
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Hernandez Tejada FN, Galvez Silva JR, Zweidler-McKay PA. The challenge of targeting notch in hematologic malignancies. Front Pediatr 2014; 2:54. [PMID: 24959528 PMCID: PMC4051192 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2014.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling can play oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles depending on cell type. Hematologic malignancies encompass a wide range of transformed cells, and consequently the roles of Notch are diverse in these diseases. For example Notch is a potent T-cell oncogene, with >50% of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cases carry activating mutations in the Notch1 receptor. Targeting Notch signaling in T-ALL with gamma-secretase inhibitors, which prevent Notch receptor activation, has shown pre-clinical activity, and is under evaluation clinically. In contrast, Notch signaling inhibits acute myeloblastic leukemia growth and survival, and although targeting Notch signaling in AML with Notch activators appears to have pre-clinical activity, no Notch agonists are clinically available at this time. As such, despite accumulating evidence about the biology of Notch signaling in different hematologic cancers, which provide compelling clinical promise, we are only beginning to target this pathway clinically, either on or off. In this review, we will summarize the evidence for oncogenic and tumor suppressor roles of Notch in a wide range of leukemias and lymphomas, and describe therapeutic opportunities for now and the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge R Galvez Silva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
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30
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Song X, Xia R, Li J, Long Z, Ren H, Chen W, Mao L. Common and complex Notch1 mutations in Chinese oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:701-10. [PMID: 24277457 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine Notch1 mutation status in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) from Chinese population and its potential clinical implications. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Surgically resected OSCC tissues from 51 Chinese patients and 13 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines were sequenced for mutations in the entire coding regions of Notch1 and TP53 using a next-generation sequencing platform. Sequences of the genes were also determined in corresponding normal tissues from 46 of the 51 patients. Mutations and their association with clinical parameters were analyzed. RESULTS Six mutations in Notch1 and 11 mutations in TP53 coding regions were detected in 4 (31%) and 10 (77%) of the 13 HNSCC cell lines, respectively. Forty-two somatic Notch1 mutations, including 7 nonsense mutations and 11 mutations within the domain commonly harboring potential activating mutations in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, were detected in 22 (43%) of the 51 Chinese OSCC tumors. In comparison, 25 somatic TP53 mutations were observed in 21 (41%) of the 51 tumors. Patients whose tumors carried Notch1 mutation had significantly shorter overall and disease-free survivals (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively, by log-rank test) compared with those whose tumors carried no Notch1 mutation. Multivariate analysis showed that both Notch1 mutation and lymph node metastasis are independent prognostic factors in the patient population (P = 0.001). All 15 patients with both Notch1 mutation and nodal metastasis recurred or metastasized within 2 years after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Notch1 mutation is common in Chinese OSCC and associates with clinical outcomes. The complexity of the mutation spectrum warrants further investigation of Notch1 in Chinese patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Song
- Authors' Affiliations: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore; and Personal Diagnostix Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland
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31
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Candy PA, Phillips MR, Redfern AD, Colley SM, Davidson JA, Stuart LM, Wood BA, Zeps N, Leedman PJ. Notch-induced transcription factors are predictive of survival and 5-fluorouracil response in colorectal cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1023-30. [PMID: 23900217 PMCID: PMC3749585 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of Notch-induced transcription factors (NTFs) HEY1, HES1 and SOX9 in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients to determine their clinicopathologic and prognostic significance. Methods: Levels of HEY1, HES1 and SOX9 protein were measured by immunohistochemistry in a nonmalignant and malignant tissue microarray of 441 CRC patients, and the findings correlated with pathologic, molecular and clinical variables. Results: The NTFs HEY1, HES1 and SOX9 were overexpressed in tumours relative to colonic mucosa (OR=3.44, P<0.0001; OR=7.40, P<0.0001; OR=4.08 P<0.0001, respectively). HEY1 overexpression was a negative prognostic factor for all CRC patients (HR=1.29, P=0.023) and strongly correlated with perineural and vascular invasion and lymph node (LN) metastasis. In 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-treated patients, the tumour overexpression of SOX9 correlated with markedly poorer survival (HR=8.72, P=0.034), but had no predictive effect in untreated patients (HR=0.70, P=0.29). When HEY1, HES1 and SOX9 expression were combined to predict survival with chemotherapy, in treated patients there was an additive increase in the risk of death with each NTF overexpressed (HR=2.09, P=0.01), but no prognostic import in the untreated patient group (HR=0.74, P=0.19). Conclusion: The present study is the first to discover that HEY1 overexpression correlates with poorer outcome in CRC, and NTF expression is predictive of CRC patient survival with 5-FU chemotherapy. If confirmed in future studies, testing of NTF expression has the potential to enter routine pathological practice for the selection of patients to undergo chemotherapy alone or in combination with Notch inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Candy
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, Western Australian Institute for Medical Research, Perth, Western Australia 6000, Australia
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32
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Dailey DD, Anfinsen KP, Pfaff LE, Ehrhart EJ, Charles JB, Bønsdorff TB, Thamm DH, Powers BE, Jonasdottir TJ, Duval DL. HES1, a target of Notch signaling, is elevated in canine osteosarcoma, but reduced in the most aggressive tumors. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:130. [PMID: 23816051 PMCID: PMC3701487 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1), a basic helix-loop-helix transcriptional repressor, is a downstream target of Notch signaling. Notch signaling and HES1 expression have been linked to growth and survival in a variety of human cancer types and have been associated with increased metastasis and invasiveness in human osteosarcoma cell lines. Osteosarcoma (OSA) is an aggressive cancer demonstrating both high metastatic rate and chemotherapeutic resistance. The current study examined expression of Notch signaling mediators in primary canine OSA tumors and canine and human osteosarcoma cell lines to assess their role in OSA development and progression. RESULTS Reverse transcriptase - quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was utilized to quantify HES1, HEY1, NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 gene expression in matched tumor and normal metaphyseal bone samples taken from dogs treated for appendicular OSA at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Gene expression was also assessed in tumors from dogs with a disease free interval (DFI) of <100 days compared to those with a DFI > 300 days following treatment with surgical amputation followed by standard chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm expression of HES1. Data from RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical (IHC) experiments were analyzed using REST2009 software and survival analysis based on IHC expression employed the Kaplan-Meier method and log rank analysis. Unbiased clustered images were generated from gene array analysis data for Notch/HES1 associated genes. Gene array analysis of Notch/HES1 associated genes suggested alterations in the Notch signaling pathway may contribute to the development of canine OSA. HES1 mRNA expression was elevated in tumor samples relative to normal bone, but decreased in tumor samples from dogs with a DFI < 100 days relative to those with a DFI > 300 days. NOTCH2 and HEY1 mRNA expression was also elevated in tumors relative to normal bone, but was not differentially expressed between the DFI tumor groups. Survival analysis confirmed an association between decreased HES1 immunosignal and shorter DFI. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that activation of Notch signaling occurs and may contribute to the development of canine OSA. However, association of low HES1 expression and shorter DFI suggests that mechanisms that do not alter HES1 expression may drive the most aggressive tumors.
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van Nes J, Chan A, van Groningen T, van Sluis P, Koster J, Versteeg R. A NOTCH3 transcriptional module induces cell motility in neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3485-94. [PMID: 23649002 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is a childhood tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system with an often lethal outcome due to metastatic disease. Migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions have been implicated in metastasis but they are hardly investigated in neuroblastoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cell migration of 16 neuroblastoma cell lines was quantified in Transwell migration assays. Gene expression profiling was used to derive a migration signature, which was applied to classify samples in a neuroblastoma tumor series. Differential expression of transcription factors was analyzed in the subsets. NOTCH3 was prioritized, and inducible transgene expression studies in cell lines were used to establish whether it functions as a master switch for motility. RESULTS We identified a 36-gene expression signature that predicts cell migration. This signature was used to analyse expression profiles of 88 neuroblastoma tumors and identified a group with distant metastases and a poor prognosis. This group also expressed a known mesenchymal gene signature established in glioblastoma. Neuroblastomas recognized by the motility and mesenchymal signatures strongly expressed genes of the NOTCH pathway. Inducible expression of a NOTCH intracellular (NOTCH3-IC) transgene conferred a highly motile phenotype to neuroblastoma cells. NOTCH3-IC strongly induced expression of motility- and mesenchymal marker genes. Many of these genes were significantly coexpressed with NOTCH3 in neuroblastoma, as well as colon, kidney, ovary, and breast tumor series. CONCLUSION The NOTCH3 transcription factor is a master regulator of motility in neuroblastoma. A subset of neuroblastoma with high expression of NOTCH3 and its downstream-regulated genes has mesenchymal characteristics, increased incidence of metastases, and a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan van Nes
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Zage PE, Sirisaengtaksin N, Liu Y, Gireud M, Brown BS, Palla S, Richards KN, Hughes DPM, Bean AJ. UBE4B levels are correlated with clinical outcomes in neuroblastoma patients and with altered neuroblastoma cell proliferation and sensitivity to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Cancer 2012; 119:915-23. [PMID: 22990745 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.27785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UBE4B gene, which is located on chromosome 1p36, encodes a ubiquitin ligase that interacts with hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs), a protein involved in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) trafficking, suggesting a link between EGFR trafficking and neuroblastoma pathogenesis. The authors analyzed the roles of UBE4B in the outcomes of patients with neuroblastoma and in neuroblastoma tumor cell proliferation, EGFR trafficking, and response to EGFR inhibition. METHODS The association between UBE4B expression and the survival of patients with neuroblastoma was examined using available microarray data sets. UBE4B and EGFR protein levels were measured in patient tumor samples, EGFR degradation rates were measured in neuroblastoma cell lines, and the effects of UBE4B on neuroblastoma tumor cell growth were analyzed. The effects of the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab were examined in neuroblastoma cells that expressed wild-type and mutant UBE4B. RESULTS Low UBE4B gene expression is associated with poor outcomes in patients with neuroblastoma. UBE4B overexpression reduced neuroblastoma tumor cell proliferation, and UBE4B expression was inversely related to EGFR expression in tumor samples. EGFR degradation rates correlated with cellular UBE4B levels. Enhanced expression of catalytically active UBE4B resulted in reduced sensitivity to EGFR inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrates associations between UBE4B expression and the outcomes of patients with neuroblastoma and between UBE4B and EGFR expression in neuroblastoma tumor samples. Moreover, levels of UBE4B influence neuroblastoma tumor cell proliferation, EGFR degradation, and response to EGFR inhibition. These results suggest UBE4B-mediated growth factor receptor trafficking may contribute to the poor prognosis of patients who have neuroblastoma tumors with 1p36 deletions and that UBE4B expression may be a marker that can predict responses of neuroblastoma tumors to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Kiel MJ, Velusamy T, Betz BL, Zhao L, Weigelin HG, Chiang MY, Huebner-Chan DR, Bailey NG, Yang DT, Bhagat G, Miranda RN, Bahler DW, Medeiros LJ, Lim MS, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ. Whole-genome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic NOTCH2 mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:1553-65. [PMID: 22891276 PMCID: PMC3428949 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20120910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
NOTCH2 mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma are associated with poor prognosis. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), the most common primary lymphoma of spleen, is poorly understood at the genetic level. In this study, using whole-genome DNA sequencing (WGS) and confirmation by Sanger sequencing, we observed mutations identified in several genes not previously known to be recurrently altered in SMZL. In particular, we identified recurrent somatic gain-of-function mutations in NOTCH2, a gene encoding a protein required for marginal zone B cell development, in 25 of 99 (∼25%) cases of SMZL and in 1 of 19 (∼5%) cases of nonsplenic MZLs. These mutations clustered near the C-terminal proline/glutamate/serine/threonine (PEST)-rich domain, resulting in protein truncation or, rarely, were nonsynonymous substitutions affecting the extracellular heterodimerization domain (HD). NOTCH2 mutations were not present in other B cell lymphomas and leukemias, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL; n = 15), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; n = 15), low-grade follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 44), hairy cell leukemia (HCL; n = 15), and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (n = 14). NOTCH2 mutations were associated with adverse clinical outcomes (relapse, histological transformation, and/or death) among SMZL patients (P = 0.002). These results suggest that NOTCH2 mutations play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of SMZL and are associated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J Kiel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Mahoney SE, Yao Z, Keyes CC, Tapscott SJ, Diede SJ. Genome-wide DNA methylation studies suggest distinct DNA methylation patterns in pediatric embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas. Epigenetics 2012; 7:400-8. [PMID: 22419069 DOI: 10.4161/epi.19463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children. While cytogenetic abnormalities have been well characterized in this disease, aberrant epigenetic events such as DNA hypermethylation have not been described in genome-wide studies. We have analyzed the methylation status of 25,500 promoters in normal skeletal muscle, and in cell lines and tumor samples of embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma from pediatric patients. We identified over 1,900 CpG islands that are hypermethylated in rhabdomyosarcomas relative to skeletal muscle. Genes involved in tissue development, differentiation, and oncogenesis such as DNAJA4, HES5, IRX1, BMP8A, GATA4, GATA6, ALX3, and P4HTM were hypermethylated in both RMS cell lines and primary samples, implicating aberrant DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyosarcoma. Furthermore, cluster analysis revealed embryonal and alveolar subtypes had distinct DNA methylation patterns, with the alveolar subtype being enriched in DNA hypermethylation of polycomb target genes. These results suggest that DNA methylation signatures may aid in the diagnosis and risk stratification of pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma and help identify new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Mahoney
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lobry C, Oh P, Aifantis I. Oncogenic and tumor suppressor functions of Notch in cancer: it's NOTCH what you think. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 208:1931-5. [PMID: 21948802 PMCID: PMC3182047 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is often considered a model hematopoietic proto-oncogene because of its role as the main trigger of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Although its role in T-ALL is well characterized and further supported by a high frequency of activating NOTCH1 mutations in T-ALL patients, it still remains an open question whether the effects of Notch signaling are causative in other types of cancer, including solid tumors. Growing evidence supported by recent studies unexpectedly shows that Notch signaling can also have a potent tumor suppressor function in both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. We discuss the intriguing possibility that the pleiotropic functions of Notch can be tumor suppressive or oncogenic depending on the cellular context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lobry
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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