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Zhang D, Gu M. Re: Hydrocortisone to reduce dexamethasone-induced neurobehavioral side-effects in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-results of a double-blind, randomised controlled trial with cross-over design. Eur J Cancer 2023; 191:112979. [PMID: 37532597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.112979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Endocrine and Metabolism, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, China.
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2
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Scarponi D, Sarti P, Rivi V, Colliva C, Marconi E, Pession A, Blom JMC. Emotional, Behavioral, and Physical Health Consequences in Caregivers of Children with Cancer: A Network Analysis Differentiation in Mothers' and Fathers' Reactivity. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3496. [PMID: 37444606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric cancer presents mental and physical challenges for patients and their caregivers. However, parental distress has been understudied despite its negative impact on quality of life, disability, and somatic disorders. Parents of oncopediatric patients experience high levels of suffering with their resilience tested throughout their children's illness. Identifying at-risk parents and offering specific treatments is crucial and urgent to prevent or alleviate negative outcomes. METHODS This study used statistical and network analyses to examine symptom patterns assessed by the Kellner Symptom Questionnaire in 16 fathers and 23 mothers at different time points: diagnosis, treatment, and discharge. RESULTS The results indicated significantly higher distress levels in parents of oncopediatric children compared to the control reference population. Gender-specific differences in symptom profiles were observed at each time point, and symptoms showed a gradual but non-significant decrease over time. CONCLUSIONS The network analysis yielded valuable insights that, when applied in clinical practice, can guide the implementation of timely treatments to prevent and manage parental distress, thus addressing long-term, stress-related issues in primary caregivers of children diagnosed and treated for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorella Scarponi
- Unità Operativa Pediatria Pession, IRSSC S. Orsola, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Sarti
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Veronica Rivi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Marconi
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiation Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Johanna M C Blom
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Centre for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Christen S, Roser K, Harju E, Gumy-Pause F, Mader L, Vetsch J, von Bueren AO, Michel G. Worries and anxiety in parents of adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Swiss Childhood Cancer Survivor Study-Parents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30246. [PMID: 36772880 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Having a child diagnosed with cancer is distressing for parents. We aimed to compare worries and anxiety in parents of adult childhood cancer survivors with parents of the Swiss general population (GP-parents), and to evaluate characteristics associated with worry in parents of survivors. METHODS We conducted a nationwide, population-based study in parents of survivors (survivors aged ≥20 years at study, ≤16 years at diagnosis, >5 years post diagnosis) and GP-parents (≥1 child aged ≥20 years at study). We used the Worry and Anxiety Questionnaire (WAQ), and computed the WAQ total score (worries; possible range 0-80) and caseness for generalized anxiety disorder (anxiety), cognitive, somatic, and any criteria. We used multilevel, multivariable linear regression to identify characteristics associated with worries in parents of survivors. RESULTS We included 787 parents of 513 survivors (41.0% fathers) and 478 GP-parents (42.3% fathers). Parents of survivors and GP-parents did not differ regarding worries (16.6 vs. 17.1, p = .977), anxiety (2.7% vs. 3.6%, p = .536), cognitive (p = .440), and somatic criteria (p = .067). Less parents of survivors met any criteria (17.7% vs. 24.0%, p = .039). Half of parents reported current cancer-related worries. Higher cancer-related worries were reported by mothers (β = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.0-6.2), parents with one child (β = 5.9; 95% CI: 2.0-9.7), currently experiencing disadvantages because of their child's former disease (β = 7.3; 95% CI: 4.0-10.6), or with support needs (β = 9.0; 95% CI: 3.9-14.2; p = .001). CONCLUSIONS It is encouraging that most parents of adult survivors report similar worries and anxiety as GP-parents, but cancer-related worries are still prevalent. Efforts should be made to empower parents to seek psycho-social support if required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Christen
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Roser
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Erika Harju
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- CANSEARCH Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Luzius Mader
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Janine Vetsch
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Applied, Nursing Science, Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Andre O von Bueren
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit, Department of Women, Child and Adolescent, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- CANSEARCH Research Platform for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gisela Michel
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Bingen K, Karst J, Anderson L, Chan S, Jordan A, Morin J, Nichols J, Palou-Torres A, Phelan R, Schmidt D, Yan K, Hoag JA. Evaluation of a transition to survivorship program for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult cancer patients and caregivers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30277. [PMID: 36880713 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivorship education and anticipatory guidance represent an unmet need for pediatric, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors and their caregivers when treatment ends. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a structured transition program, bridging treatment to survivorship, to reduce distress and anxiety and increase perceived preparedness for survivors and caregivers. PROCEDURE Bridge to Next Steps is a two-visit program, within 8 weeks prior to treatment completion and 7 months post treatment, which provides survivorship education, psychosocial screening, and resources. Fifty survivors (age range 1-23 years) and 46 caregivers participated. Participants completed pre- and post-intervention measures: Distress Thermometer and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) anxiety/emotional distress (ages ≥8 years), and perceived preparedness survey (ages ≥14 years). AYA survivors and caregivers completed a post-intervention acceptability survey. RESULTS Most participants (77.8%) completed both visits, and most AYA survivors (57.1%) and caregivers (76.5%) endorsed the program as helpful. Caregivers' distress and anxiety scores decreased from pre to post intervention (p < .01). Survivors' scores remained the same, which were low at baseline. Survivors and caregivers felt more prepared for survivorship from pre to post intervention (p = .02, <.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Bridge to Next Steps was feasible and acceptable for most participants. AYA survivors and caregivers felt more prepared for survivorship care after participation. Caregivers reported decreased anxiety and distress from pre to post Bridge, whereas survivors remained at a low level for both. Effective transition programs that better prepare and support pediatric and AYA cancer survivors and families from active treatment to survivorship care can contribute to healthy adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bingen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jeffrey Karst
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lynnette Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sherilynn Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Anna Jordan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Akasha Palou-Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Rachel Phelan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ke Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jennifer A Hoag
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Kulisch LK, Herrmann J, Herzog K, Graf Einsiedel H, Kamm-Thonwart R, Hoffmann R, Jäschke Y, Martini J, Schepper F. [Screening to Assess Psychosocial Follow-up Needs in Pediatric Oncology (NPO-11) for Self- and Parent-Report]. KLINISCHE PADIATRIE 2023; 235:178-184. [PMID: 37172611 DOI: 10.1055/a-2070-7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children diagnosed with cancer are at increased risk for the development of psychosocial problems. Currently, no qualitative and quantitative tests are available to measure their need for psychosocial follow-up care. The NPO-11 screening was developed to tackle this issue. PATIENTS AND METHODS 11 dichotomous items were generated to measure self- and parent-reported fear of progression, sadness, avolition, self-esteem problems, school and vocational problems, somatic complaints, emotional withdrawal, social disintegration, pseudo-maturity, parent-child conflicts, and parental conflicts. Data from N=101 parent-child dyads were obtained to validate the NPO-11. RESULTS Self- and parent-reported items showed few missing values and response frequencies without floor or ceiling effects. Inter-rater reliability was fair to moderate. Factor analysis confirmed a single-factor model and therefore an overall NPO-11 sum score. Self- and parent-reported sum scores had sufficient to good reliability and large correlations with health-related quality of life. CONCLUSION The NPO-11 is a screening for psychosocial needs in pediatric follow-up care with good psychometric properties. It may help to plan diagnostics and interventions for patients transitioning from in-patient to out-patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessy Herrmann
- Psychosoziale Forschung, Elternhilfe für krebskranke Kinder Leipzig e.V., Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristina Herzog
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hagen Graf Einsiedel
- Selbstständige Abteilung für Pädiatrische Onkologie, Hämatologie und Hämostaseologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Remo Kamm-Thonwart
- Psychosoziale Forschung, Sonnenstrahl e.V. Dresden - Förderkreis für krebskranke Kinder und Jugendliche, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rahel Hoffmann
- Selbstständige Abteilung für Pädiatrische Onkologie, Hämatologie und Hämostaseologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yvonne Jäschke
- Beratungsstelle Ambulante Psychosoziale Nachsorge, Elternhilfe für krebskranke Kinder Leipzig e.V., Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Martini
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und -psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus an der Technischen Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Florian Schepper
- Selbstständige Abteilung für Pädiatrische Onkologie, Hämatologie und Hämostaseologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Huang Y, Chen M, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Dong C. Finding family resilience in adversity: A grounded theory of families with children diagnosed with leukaemia. J Clin Nurs 2023. [PMID: 36597215 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To develop a conceptual framework that explores the process of building family resilience among Chinese families with children diagnosed with leukaemia. BACKGROUND The diagnosis of childhood leukaemia has a devastating effect on the family. Nonetheless, some families were able to positively respond to the crisis. The process through which Chinese families bounce back has received little attention. DESIGN Grounded theory. METHODS This study used purposive and theoretical sampling to select 16 parents who agreed to participate in semistructured interviews after children were diagnosed with leukaemia. Data collection and analysis occurred simultaneously. Data were analysed through a process of open, axial and selective coding. The COREQ checklist was followed for reporting. RESULTS A core category of 'finding family resilience in adversity' was generated. The core category was underpinned by a transition process between two fluid stages: (a) Disrupting the family system, informed by subcategories of negative emotional disturbances and challenges of the diagnosis and treatment journey; (b) Cultivating resilience in families, informed by subcategories of increasing positive attitudes; establishing new family routines; activating good support systems; and practising open family communication. CONCLUSIONS The transition process from the disruption of the family system to the cultivation of family resilience is perceived as a complex family dynamic in response to childhood leukaemia. Our findings can form the basis for further research about resilience-based family interventions that promote family well-being during the early stages of a childhood leukaemia diagnosis. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE It is necessary for healthcare professionals to provide essential support for families to face the challenges of diagnosis and treatment to facilitate the successful transition to family resilience. By understanding the dynamic process of developing family resilience, healthcare professionals are able to focus on these families to provide holistic care that satisfies the specific demands of family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meijia Chen
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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7
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Wakefield CE, Sansom-Daly UM, McGill BC, Hetherington K, Ellis SJ, Robertson EG, Donoghoe MW, McCarthy M, Kelada L, Girgis A, King M, Grootenhuis M, Anazodo A, Patterson P, Lowe C, Dalla-Pozza L, Miles G, Cohn RJ. Providing Psychological Support to Parents of Childhood Cancer Survivors: ' Cascade' Intervention Trial Results and Lessons for the Future. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225597. [PMID: 34830752 PMCID: PMC8615912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We assessed a new group-based cognitive behavior therapy videoconferencing program to support parents of childhood cancer survivors. The trial allocated parents to three groups: Cascade, peer-support, waitlist. Cascade achieved good parent engagement. We successfully delivered Cascade to participants who lived >3200 km apart. Any technical difficulties caused only minor disruptions. Most Cascade parents were satisfied and reported experiencing benefits from the program. However, Cascade did not improve our main outcomes, including parents’ quality of life, depression and anxiety. Cascade parents reported a short-term improvement in their confidence to use the skills they learnt, but this did not translate into actual use. After six months, Cascade parents felt their child survivor had lower psychological health than waitlisted parents. Our findings show that while some parents find Cascade helpful, it may not suit everyone. We used these findings to further improve Cascade and will trial the new version in future. Abstract We conducted a three-armed trial to assess Cascade, a four-module group videoconferencing cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) intervention for parents of childhood cancer survivors currently aged <18 years. We allocated parents to Cascade, an attention control (peer-support group), or a waitlist. The primary outcome was parents’ health-related quality of life (PedsQL-Family Impact/EQ-5D-5L) six months post-intervention. Parents also reported their anxiety/depression, parenting self-agency, fear of recurrence, health service and psychotropic medication use, engagement in productive activities, confidence to use, and actual use of, CBT skills, and their child’s quality of life. Seventy-six parents opted in; 56 commenced the trial. Cascade achieved good parent engagement and most Cascade parents were satisfied and reported benefits. Some parents expressed concerns about the time burden and the group format. Most outcomes did not differ across trial arms. Cascade parents felt more confident to use more CBT skills than peer-support and waitlisted parents, but this did not lead to more use of CBT. Cascade parents reported lower psychosocial health scores for their child than waitlisted parents. Cascade parents’ health service use, psychotropic medication use, and days engaged in productive activities did not improve, despite some improvements in waitlisted parents. Our trial was difficult to implement, but participants were largely satisfied. Cascade did not improve most outcomes, possibly because many parents were functioning well pre-enrolment. We used these findings to improve Cascade and will trial the new version in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Wakefield
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-(2)-9382-3113; Fax: +61-(2)-9382-1789
| | - Ursula M. Sansom-Daly
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Brittany C. McGill
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Kate Hetherington
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Ellis
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Eden G. Robertson
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Mark W. Donoghoe
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Maria McCarthy
- Clinical Sciences, Brain and Mind, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 2052, Australia
| | - Lauren Kelada
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Afaf Girgis
- South West Sydney Clinical Campuses, UNSW Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Madeleine King
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Martha Grootenhuis
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Antoinette Anazodo
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
- Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Pandora Patterson
- Research, Evaluation and Social Policy Unit, Canteen, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia;
- Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Cherie Lowe
- Queensland Children’s Cancer Centre, Queensland Children’s Hospital, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia;
| | - Luciano Dalla-Pozza
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Gordon Miles
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Richard J. Cohn
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; (U.M.S.-D.); (B.C.M.); (K.H.); (S.J.E.); (E.G.R.); (M.W.D.); (L.K.); (A.A.); (R.J.C.)
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
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