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Iverson ET, Legendre H, Killgore JP, Grunlan JC, Kolibaba TJ. Remarkable Dielectric Breakdown Strength of Printable Polyelectrolyte Photopolymer Complexes. ACS Macro Lett 2024:1325-1331. [PMID: 39292757 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.4c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-based dielectrics are struggling to keep pace with the increasing demands of modern electronics. This lag in dielectric performance has spurred significant interest in the production of advanced dielectrics via novel chemistries and processing techniques. Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) have recently shown great promise as dielectric insulation, but processing challenges presented by these ionically bound networks limit their use to conformal thin films. Recent advances have enabled the additive manufacturing of PECs with vat photopolymerization, allowing the creation of a polyelectrolyte complex of arbitrary shape. Herein, multiple polyelectrolyte resin formulations, comprised of polyethylenimine and methacrylic acid (with varying amounts of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and/or N,N-dimethylacrylamide), are investigated for the production of additively manufactured dielectric insulators. These dielectrics not only possess high dielectric breakdown strengths (>300 kV/mm), but their dielectric behavior can also be readily tailored through resin formulation and post-processing conditions. The presented vat photopolymerization of PECs allows for the creation of bulk dielectrics with arbitrary geometry, while the novel chemistry provides a practical route forward to produce dielectrics with precisely tailored properties for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan T Iverson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hudson Legendre
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jason P Killgore
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Jaime C Grunlan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Thomas J Kolibaba
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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2
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Gong Y, Zhang K, Lei IM, Wang Y, Zhong J. Advances in Piezoelectret Materials-Based Bidirectional Haptic Communication Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405308. [PMID: 38895922 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Bidirectional haptic communication devices accelerate the revolution of virtual/augmented reality and flexible/wearable electronics. As an emerging kind of flexible piezoelectric materials, piezoelectret materials can effortlessly convert mechanical force into electrical signals and respond to electrical fields in a deformation manner, exhibiting enormous potential in the construction of bidirectional haptic communication devices. Existing reviews on piezoelectret materials primarily focus on flexible energy harvesters and sensors, and the recent development of piezoelectret-based bidirectional haptic communication devices has not been comprehensively reviewed. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the materials construction, along with the recent advances in bidirectional haptic communication devices, is provided. First, the development timeline, key characteristics, and various fabrication methods of piezoelectret materials are introduced. Subsequently, following the underlying mechanisms of bidirectional electromechanical signal conversion of piezoelectret, strategies to improve the d33 coefficients of materials are proposed. The principles of haptic perception and feedback are also highlighted, and representative works and progress in this area are summarized. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with improving the overall practicability of piezoelectret materials-based bidirectional haptic communication devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Gong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Kaijun Zhang
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Iek Man Lei
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Junwen Zhong
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering and Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, China
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3
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White A, Little I, Artyuk A, McKibben N, Kouchi FR, Chen C, Estrada D, Deng Z. On-demand fabrication of piezoelectric sensors for in-space structural health monitoring. SMART MATERIALS & STRUCTURES 2024; 33:055053. [PMID: 39119070 PMCID: PMC11308337 DOI: 10.1088/1361-665x/ad3d16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Inflatable structures, promising for future deep space exploration missions, are vulnerable to damage from micrometeoroid and orbital debris impacts. Polyvinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene (PVDF-trFE) is a flexible, biocompatible, and chemical-resistant material capable of detecting impact forces due to its piezoelectric properties. This study used a state-of-the-art material extrusion system that has been validated for in-space manufacturing, to facilitate fast-prototyping of consistent and uniform PVDF-trFE films. By systematically investigating ink synthesis, printer settings, and post-processing conditions, this research established a comprehensive understanding of the process-structure-property relationship of printed PVDF-trFE. Consequently, this study consistently achieved the printing of PVDF-trFE films with a thickness of around 40 μm, accompanied by an impressive piezoelectric coefficient of up to 25 pC N-1. Additionally, an all-printed dynamic force sensor, featuring a sensitivity of 1.18 V N-1, was produced by mix printing commercial electrically-conductive silver inks with the customized PVDF-trFE inks. This pioneering on-demand fabrication technique for PVDF-trFE films empowers future astronauts to design and manufacture piezoelectric sensors while in space, thereby significantly enhancing the affordability and sustainability of deep space exploration missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda White
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America
| | - Isaac Little
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America
| | - Anastasiya Artyuk
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America
| | - Nicholas McKibben
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America
| | - Fereshteh Rajabi Kouchi
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America
| | - Claire Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - David Estrada
- Micron School of Materials Science and Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES), Idaho Falls, ID 83401, United States of America
| | - Zhangxian Deng
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725, United States of America
- Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES), Idaho Falls, ID 83401, United States of America
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4
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Fu J, Deng Z, Liu C, Liu C, Luo J, Wu J, Peng S, Song L, Li X, Peng M, Liu H, Zhou J, Qiao Y. Intelligent, Flexible Artificial Throats with Sound Emitting, Detecting, and Recognizing Abilities. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1493. [PMID: 38475029 DOI: 10.3390/s24051493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a notable rise in the number of patients afflicted with laryngeal diseases, including cancer, trauma, and other ailments leading to voice loss. Currently, the market is witnessing a pressing demand for medical and healthcare products designed to assist individuals with voice defects, prompting the invention of the artificial throat (AT). This user-friendly device eliminates the need for complex procedures like phonation reconstruction surgery. Therefore, in this review, we will initially give a careful introduction to the intelligent AT, which can act not only as a sound sensor but also as a thin-film sound emitter. Then, the sensing principle to detect sound will be discussed carefully, including capacitive, piezoelectric, electromagnetic, and piezoresistive components employed in the realm of sound sensing. Following this, the development of thermoacoustic theory and different materials made of sound emitters will also be analyzed. After that, various algorithms utilized by the intelligent AT for speech pattern recognition will be reviewed, including some classical algorithms and neural network algorithms. Finally, the outlook, challenge, and conclusion of the intelligent AT will be stated. The intelligent AT presents clear advantages for patients with voice impairments, demonstrating significant social values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Fu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhikang Deng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuting Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jinan Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jingzhi Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shiqi Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lei Song
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Minli Peng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Houfang Liu
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yancong Qiao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Tsyganov A, Vikulova M, Zotov I, Artyukhov D, Burmistrov I, Gorokhovsky A, Gorshkov N. Significantly Enhanced Balance of Dielectric Properties of Polyvinylidene Difluoride Three-Phase Composites by Silver Deposited on K 2Ni 0.93Ti 7.07O 16 Hollandite Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:223. [PMID: 38257024 PMCID: PMC10820297 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-phase polymer composites are promising materials for creating electronic device components. The qualitative and quantitative composition of such composites has a significant effect on their functional, in particular dielectric properties. In this study, ceramic filler K2Ni0.93Ti7.07O16 (KNTO) with Ag coating as conductive additive (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 wt.%) was introduced into the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) polymer matrix in amounts of 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 vol.%. to optimize the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. The filler was characterized by X-ray phase analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and Scanning electron microscopy methods. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent, and conductivity of three-phase composites KNTO@Ag-PVDF were studied in comparison with two-phase composites KNTO-PVDF in the frequency range from 102 Hz to 106 Hz. The dielectric constant values of composites containing 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 vol.% filler were 12, 13, 17.4, 19.2 for pure KNTO and 13, 19, 25, 31 for KNTO@Ag filler (2.5 wt.%) at frequency 10 kHz. The dielectric loss tangent ranged from 0.111 to 0.340 at a filler content of 7.5 to 30 vol.%. A significantly enhanced balance of dielectric properties of PVDF-based composites was found with K2Ni0.93Ti7.07O16 as ceramic filler for 1 wt.% of silver. Composites KNTO@Ag(1 wt.%)-PVDF can be applied as dielectrics for passive elements of flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tsyganov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Maria Vikulova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ilya Zotov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Denis Artyukhov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Power and Electrical Engineering, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Igor Burmistrov
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Gorokhovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Nikolay Gorshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
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Toporovsky V, Samarkin V, Kudryashov A, Galaktionov I, Panich A, Malykhin A. Investigation of PZT Materials for Reliable Piezostack Deformable Mirror with Modular Design. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2004. [PMID: 38004862 PMCID: PMC10673196 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a study of the electrophysical properties of a piezoceramic material for use in adaptive optics. The key characteristics that may be important for the manufacturing of piezoelectric deformable mirrors are the following: piezoelectric constants (d31, d33, d15), capacitance, elastic compliance values s for different crystal directions, and the dielectric loss tangent (tgδ). Based on PZT ceramics, the PKP-12 material was developed with high values of the dielectric constant, piezoelectric modulus, and electromechanical coupling coefficients. The deformable mirror control elements are made from the resulting material-piezoceramic combs with five individual actuators in a row. In this case, the stroke of the actuator is in the range of 4.1-4.3 microns and the capacitance of the actuator is about 12 nF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Toporovsky
- Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 38/1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (I.G.)
| | - Vadim Samarkin
- Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 38/1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (I.G.)
| | - Alexis Kudryashov
- Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 38/1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (I.G.)
- Department of Physics, Moscow Polytechnic University, Bolshaya Semenovskaya Str. 38, Moscow 107023, Russia
| | - Ilya Galaktionov
- Sadovsky Institute of Geosphere Dynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Pr. 38/1, Moscow 119334, Russia; (V.S.); (A.K.); (I.G.)
| | - Alexander Panich
- STCB ‘Piezopribor’, Institute for Advanced Technologies and Piezotechnics SFEDU, Milchakova Str. 10, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Anatoliy Malykhin
- STCB ‘Piezopribor’, Institute for Advanced Technologies and Piezotechnics SFEDU, Milchakova Str. 10, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
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Han Y, He L, Sun L, Wang H, Zhang Z, Cheng G. A review of piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvesters for different applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:101501. [PMID: 37796092 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Social progress is inseparable from the utilization of energy, signals of extreme consumption of fossil energy and energy crisis appear frequently around the world. Human beings are paying more and more attention to new technologies and the sustainable development of energy collection and conversion. The emergence of piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic, and triboelectric mechanisms provides a variety of effective methods for new environmental energy collection and conversion technologies. Among them, the piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester (P-EHEH) has been widely studied due to its high output power, simple structure, and easy miniaturization. Continuous progress has been made in the research of P-EHEH through theoretical exploration, structural optimization, and performance improvement. This Review focuses on the review of P-EHEH at the application level. A detailed introduction summarizes the research status of P-EHEH applied to human body devices, monitoring sensors, and power supply devices, as well as the development status of back-end electronic modules and interface circuits. The future challenges and development prospects of P-EHEH are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Han
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Lipeng He
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- Key Laboratory of CNC Equipment Reliability, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- Institute of Precision Machinery, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
| | - Guangming Cheng
- Institute of Precision Machinery, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China
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8
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Azarnoush A, Dambri OA, Karatop EU, Makrakis D, Cherkaoui S. Simulation and Performance Evaluation of a Bio-Inspired Nanogenerator for Medical Applications. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2023; 70:2616-2623. [PMID: 37030752 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3260200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Providing sufficient energy for autonomous systems at the nanoscale is one of the major challenges of the Internet of Nano Things (IoNT). Existing battery technologies and conventional integrated circuits cannot be used in such small dimensions. Even if they are small enough to be used at the nano level, they still cannot be used in medical applications due to biocompatibility issues. M13 is a very promising virus with piezoelectric properties, which has attracted much interest in the scientific community as a bioenergy harvester. However, M13 studies presented so far in the literature are designed only for macroscale systems. In this paper, we simulate two designs of a bio-inspired nanogenerator based on the properties of M13 for nanosystems. We derive the stiffness matrix of M13, its dielectric and piezoelectric matrices and its density. We verify our calculated values by comparing our simulations with the results of experimental studies presented in the literature. We also evaluate the system's performance in terms of frequency response and loading characteristics. The results presented in this study show that a single M13 is a very promising nano-generator that can be used for medical applications.
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Tang T, Shen Z, Wang J, Xu S, Jiang J, Chang J, Guo M, Fan Y, Xiao Y, Dong Z, Huang H, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang D, Chen LQ, Wang K, Zhang S, Nan CW, Shen Y. Stretchable polymer composites with ultrahigh piezoelectric performance. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad177. [PMID: 37485000 PMCID: PMC10359065 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible piezoelectric materials capable of withstanding large deformation play key roles in flexible electronics. Ferroelectric ceramics with a high piezoelectric coefficient are inherently brittle, whereas polar polymers exhibit a low piezoelectric coefficient. Here we report a highly stretchable/compressible piezoelectric composite composed of ferroelectric ceramic skeleton, elastomer matrix and relaxor ferroelectric-based hybrid at the ceramic/matrix interface as dielectric transition layers, exhibiting a giant piezoelectric coefficient of 250 picometers per volt, high electromechanical coupling factor keff of 65%, ultralow acoustic impedance of 3MRyl and high cyclic stability under 50% compression strain. The superior flexibility and piezoelectric properties are attributed to the electric polarization and mechanical load transfer paths formed by the ceramic skeleton, and dielectric mismatch mitigation between ceramic fillers and elastomer matrix by the dielectric transition layer. The synergistic fusion of ultrahigh piezoelectric properties and superior flexibility in these polymer composites is expected to drive emerging applications in flexible smart electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiang Tang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhonghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiqi Xu
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiaxi Jiang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiahui Chang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mengfan Guo
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Youjun Fan
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhihao Dong
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Houbing Huang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ke Wang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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10
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Zhang W, Wu G, Zeng H, Li Z, Wu W, Jiang H, Zhang W, Wu R, Huang Y, Lei Z. The Preparation, Structural Design, and Application of Electroactive Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-Based Materials for Wearable Sensors and Human Energy Harvesters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2766. [PMID: 37447413 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their biocompatibility, chemical stability, film-forming ability, cost-effectiveness, and excellent electroactive properties, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and PVDF-based polymers are widely used in sensors, actuators, energy harvesters, etc. In this review, the recent research progress on the PVDF phase structures and identification of different phases is outlined. Several approaches for obtaining the electroactive phase of PVDF and preparing PVDF-based nanocomposites are described. Furthermore, the potential applications of these materials in wearable sensors and human energy harvesters are discussed. Finally, some challenges and perspectives for improving the properties and boosting the applications of these materials are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Zhang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Guohua Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Hailan Zeng
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Haiyun Jiang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Ruomei Wu
- School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yiyang Huang
- Shenzhen Glareway Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- Shenzhen Glareway Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China
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11
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Wang Y, Hong M, Venezuela J, Liu T, Dargusch M. Expedient secondary functions of flexible piezoelectrics for biomedical energy harvesting. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:291-311. [PMID: 36263099 PMCID: PMC9556936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flexible piezoelectrics realise the conversion between mechanical movements and electrical power by conformally attaching onto curvilinear surfaces, which are promising for energy harvesting of biomedical devices due to their sustainable body movements and/or deformations. Developing secondary functions of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters is becoming increasingly significant in recent years via aiming at issues that cannot be addressed or mitigated by merely increasing piezoelectric efficiencies. These issues include loose interfacial contact and pucker generation by stretching, power shortage or instability induced by inadequate mechanical energy, and premature function degeneration or failure caused by fatigue fracture after cyclic deformations. Herein, the expedient secondary functions of flexible piezoelectrics to mitigate above issues are reviewed, including stretchability, hybrid energy harvesting, and self-healing. Efforts have been devoted to understanding the state-of-the-art strategies and their mechanisms of achieving secondary functions based on piezoelectric fundamentals. The link between structural characteristic and function performance is unravelled by providing insights into carefully selected progresses. The remaining challenges of developing secondary functions are proposed in the end with corresponding outlooks. The current work hopes to help and inspire future research in this promising field focusing on developing the secondary functions of flexible piezoelectric energy harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Min Hong
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, 4300, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Venezuela
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ting Liu
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew Dargusch
- Centre for Advanced Materials Processing and Manufacturing (AMPAM), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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12
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Electron beam irradiation and carbon nanotubes influence on PVDF-PZT composites for energy harvesting and storage applications: changes in dynamic-mechanical and dielectric properties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2023.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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13
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Rathinasamy SK, Maheswar R, Lorincz J. Silk Fibroin-Based Piezoelectric Sensor with Carbon Nanofibers for Wearable Health Monitoring Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:1373. [PMID: 36772412 PMCID: PMC9919155 DOI: 10.3390/s23031373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The continuous real-time monitoring of human health using biomedical sensing devices has recently become a promising approach to the realization of distant health monitoring. In this paper, the piezoelectric characteristics of the silk fibroin (SF) natural polymer were analyzed as the material used for obtaining sensing information in the application of distance health monitoring. To enhance the SF piezoelectricity, this paper presents the development of a novel SF-based sensor realized by combining SF with different carbon nanofiber (CNF) densities, and for such newly developed SF-based sensors comprehensive performance analyses have been performed. Versatile methods including the scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman and X-ray diffraction measurements and impedance analysis were used to study the morphologic, mechanical and electrical properties of the developed SF-based sensor. The SF with CNF samples was analyzed for three different pressure loads (40 N, 60 N and 80 N) in 500 compression test cycles. The analyses thoroughly describe how combining natural polymer SF with different CNF densities impacts the piezoelectricity and mechanical strength of the proposed SF-based sensor. The developed piezoelectric SF-based sensors were further tested on humans in real medical applications to detect generated piezoelectric voltage in versatile body movements. The maximum piezoelectricity equal to 2.95 ± 0.03 V was achieved for the jumping movement, and the SF sample with a CNF density equal to 0.4% was tested. Obtained results also show that the proposed SF-based sensor has an appropriate piezoelectric sensitivity for each of the analyzed body movement types, and that the proposed SF-based sensor can be applied in real medical applications as a biomedical sensing device. The proposed SF-based sensor's practical implementation is further confirmed by the results of cytotoxicity analyses, which show that the developed sensor has a non-toxic and biocompatible nature and can be efficiently used in skin contact for biomedical wearable health monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Kumar Rathinasamy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, India
| | - Rajagopal Maheswar
- Department of ECE, Centre for IoT and AI (CITI), KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore 641407, India
| | - Josip Lorincz
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture (FESB), University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
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14
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Modeling of Single-Process 3D-Printed Piezoelectric Sensors with Resistive Electrodes: The Low-Pass Filtering Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010158. [PMID: 36616507 PMCID: PMC9824225 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing by material extrusion enables the production of fully functional dynamic piezoelectric sensors in a single process. Because the complete product is finished without additional processes or assembly steps, single-process manufacturing opens up new possibilities in the field of smart dynamic structures. However, due to material limitations, the 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors contain electrodes with significantly higher electrical resistance than classical piezoelectric sensors. The continuous distribution of the capacitance of the piezoelectric layer and the resistance of the electrodes results in low-pass filtering of the collected charge. Consequently, the usable frequency range of 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors is limited not only by the structural properties but also by the electrical properties. This research introduces an analytical model for determining the usable frequency range of a 3D-printed piezoelectric sensor with resistive electrodes. The model was used to determine the low-pass cutoff frequency and thus the usable frequency range of the 3D-printed piezoelectric sensor. The low-pass electrical cutoff frequency of the 3D-printed piezoelectric sensor was also experimentally investigated and good agreement was found with the analytical model. Based on this research, it is possible to design the electrical and dynamic characteristics of 3D-printed piezoelectric sensors. This research opens new possibilities for the design of future intelligent dynamic systems 3D printed in a single process.
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15
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Mohammadpourfazeli S, Arash S, Ansari A, Yang S, Mallick K, Bagherzadeh R. Future prospects and recent developments of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric polymer; fabrication methods, structure, and electro-mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2022; 13:370-387. [PMID: 36683768 PMCID: PMC9827592 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a favorite polymer with excellent piezoelectric properties due to its mechanical and thermal stability. This article provides an overview of recent developments in the modification of PVDF fibrous structures and prospects for its application with a major focus on energy harvesting devices, sensors and actuator materials, and other types of biomedical engineering and devices. Many sources of energy harvesting are available in the environment, including waste-heated mechanical, wind, and solar energy. While each of these sources can be impactively used to power remote sensors, the structural and biological communities have emphasized scavenging mechanical energy by functional materials, which exhibit piezoelectricity. Piezoelectric materials have received a lot of attention in past decades. Piezoelectric nanogenerators can effectively convert mechanical energy into electrical energy suitable for low-powered electronic devices. Among piezoelectric materials, PVDF and its copolymers have been extensively studied in a diverse range of applications dealing with recent improvements in flexibility, long-term stability, ease of processing, biocompatibility, and piezoelectric generators based on PVDF polymers. This article reviews recent developments in the field of piezoelectricity in PVDF structure, fabrication, and applications, and presents the current state of power harvesting to create completely self-powered devices. In particular, we focus on original approaches and engineering tools to design construction parameters and fabrication techniques in electro-mechanical applications of PVDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Mohammadpourfazeli
- Advanced Fibrous Materials LAB, Institute for Advanced Textile Materials and Technologies (ATMT), Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)TehranIran
| | - Shabnam Arash
- Department of Biomechanics, University of Nebraska OmahaUSA
| | - Afshin Ansari
- Material Engineering Department, Imam Khomeini International University (IKIU)Iran
| | - Shengyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620P.R. China
| | - Kaushik Mallick
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of JohannesburgAuckland ParkSouth Africa
| | - Roohollah Bagherzadeh
- Advanced Fibrous Materials LAB, Institute for Advanced Textile Materials and Technologies (ATMT), Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic)TehranIran,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620P.R. China
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16
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Wang R, Sui J, Wang X. Natural Piezoelectric Biomaterials: A Biocompatible and Sustainable Building Block for Biomedical Devices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17708-17728. [PMID: 36354375 PMCID: PMC10040090 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The piezoelectric effect has been widely observed in biological systems, and its applications in biomedical field are emerging. Recent advances of wearable and implantable biomedical devices bring promise as well as requirements for the piezoelectric materials building blocks. Owing to their biocompatibility, biosafety, and environmental sustainability, natural piezoelectric biomaterials are known as a promising candidate in this emerging field, with a potential to replace conventional piezoelectric ceramics and synthetic polymers. Herein, we provide a thorough review of recent progresses of research on five major types of piezoelectric biomaterials including amino acids, peptides, proteins, viruses, and polysaccharides. Our discussion focuses on their structure- and phase-related piezoelectric properties and fabrication strategies to achieve desired piezoelectric phases. We compare and analyze their piezoelectric performance and further introduce and comment on the approaches to improve their piezoelectric property. Representative biomedical applications of this group of functional biomaterials including energy harvesting, sensing, and tissue engineering are also discussed. We envision that molecular-level understanding of the piezoelectric effect, piezoelectric response improvement, and large-scale manufacturing are three main challenges as well as research and development opportunities in this promising interdisciplinary field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jiajie Sui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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17
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Nivedhitha DM, Jeyanthi S. Polyvinylidene fluoride, an advanced futuristic smart polymer material: A comprehensive review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Li K, Qin Y, Li ZG, Guo TM, An LC, Li W, Li N, Bu XH. Elastic properties related energy conversions of coordination polymers and metal–organic frameworks. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Tsyganov A, Vikulova M, Artyukhov D, Bainyashev A, Goffman V, Gorokhovsky A, Boychenko E, Burmistrov I, Gorshkov N. Permittivity and Dielectric Loss Balance of PVDF/K 1.6Fe 1.6Ti 6.4O 16/MWCNT Three-Phase Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4609. [PMID: 36365603 PMCID: PMC9655006 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
New three-phase composites, destined for application as dielectrics in the manufacturing of passive elements of flexible electronics, and based on polymer (PVDF) matrix filled with powdered ceramics of the hollandite-like (KFTO(H)) structure (5.0; 7.5; 15; 30 vol.%) and carbon (MWCNT) additive (0.5; 1.0; 1.5 wt.% regarding the KFTO(H) amount), were obtained and studied by XRD, FTIR and SEM methods. Chemical composition and stoichiometric formula of the ceramic material synthesized by the sol-gel method were confirmed with the XRF analysis data. The influence of the ceramic and carbon fillers on the electrical properties of the obtained composites was investigated using impedance spectroscopy. The optimal combination of permittivity and dielectric loss values at 1 kHz (77.6 and 0.104, respectively) was found for the compositions containing K1.6Fe1.6Ti6.4O16 (30 vol.%) and MWCNTs (1.0 wt.% regarding the amount of ceramic filler).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Tsyganov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Maria Vikulova
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Denis Artyukhov
- Department of Power and Electrical Engineering, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexey Bainyashev
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Vladimir Goffman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Alexander Gorokhovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Elena Boychenko
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Burmistrov
- Engineering Center, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, 36 Stremyanny Lane, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Gorshkov
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytecnicheskaya Street, 410054 Saratov, Russia
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20
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Investigation of some physical properties of Rochelle salt/polymer composite for flexible electronic applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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21
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Gao Y, Xiao T, Li Q, Chen Y, Qiu X, Liu J, Bian Y, Xuan F. Flexible microstructured pressure sensors: design, fabrication and applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33. [PMID: 35439735 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac6812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible pressure sensors have caused widespread concern for their extensive applications in human activity and health monitoring, robotics and prosthesis, as well as human-machine interface. Flexible pressure sensors in these applications are required to have a high sensitivity, large detective limit, linear response, fast response time, and mechanical stability. The mechanisms of capacitive, piezoresistive, and piezoelectric pressure sensors and the strategies to improve their performance are introduced. Sensing layers with microstructures have shown capability to significantly improve the performances of pressure sensors. Various fabrication methods for these structures are reviewed in terms of their pros and cons. Besides, the interference caused by environmental stimuli and internal stress from different directions leads to the infidelity of the signal transmission. Therefore, the anti-interference ability of flexible pressure sensors is highly desired. Several potential applications for flexible pressure sensors are also briefly discussed. Last, we conclude the future challenges for facilely fabricating flexible pressure sensors with high performance and anti-interference ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of MOE, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of MOE, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of MOE, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of MOE, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunlin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of MOE, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of MOE, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Bian
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of MOE, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuzhen Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of MOE, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
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22
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Marcomini AL, Dias JA, Morelli MR, Bretas RES. Flexible and high dielectric permittivity composites of Na
1/
3
Ca
1
/
3
Bi
1
/
3
Cu
3
Ti
4
O
12
and vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene copolymer (P[
VDF‐co‐TrFE
]). POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andre L. Marcomini
- Federal University of Sao Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering São Carlos Brazil
| | - Jeferson A. Dias
- Federal University of Sao Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering São Carlos Brazil
| | - Marcio R. Morelli
- Federal University of Sao Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering São Carlos Brazil
- Federal University of Sao Carlos Department of Materials Engineering São Carlos Brazil
| | - Rosario E. S. Bretas
- Federal University of Sao Carlos Graduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering São Carlos Brazil
- Federal University of Sao Carlos Department of Materials Engineering São Carlos Brazil
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23
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Yin JY, Boaretti C, Lorenzetti A, Martucci A, Roso M, Modesti M. Effects of Solvent and Electrospinning Parameters on the Morphology and Piezoelectric Properties of PVDF Nanofibrous Membrane. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12060962. [PMID: 35335774 PMCID: PMC8954422 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
PVDF electrospun membranes were prepared by employing different mixtures of solvents and diverse electrospinning parameters. A comprehensive investigation was carried out, including morphology, nanofiber diameter, crystallinity, β-phase fraction, and piezoelectric response under external mechanical strain. It was demonstrated that by using low-toxicity DMSO as the solvent, PVDF membranes with good morphology (bead-free, smooth surface, and uniform nanofiber) can be obtained. All the fabricated membranes showed crystallinity and β-phase fraction above 48% and 80%, respectively; therefore, electrospinning is a good method for preparing PVDF membranes with the piezoelectric properties. Moreover, we considered a potential effect of the solvent properties and the electrospinning parameters on the final piezoelectric properties. When PVDF membranes with different β-phase fractions and crystallinity values are applied to make the piezoelectric transducers, various piezoelectric voltage outputs can be obtained. This paper provides an effective and efficient strategy for regulating the piezoelectric properties of PVDF electrospun membranes by controlling both solvent dipole moment and process parameters. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the influence of a solvent’s dipole moment on the piezoelectric properties of electrospun materials has been reported.
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24
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Chen JX, Li JW, Cheng CC, Chiu CW. Piezoelectric Property Enhancement of PZT/Poly(vinylidenefluoride- co-trifluoroethylene) Hybrid Films for Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:793-803. [PMID: 35036746 PMCID: PMC8756600 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic particles were added for further improvement. PZT belongs to the perovskite family and exhibits good piezoelectricity. Thus, it was added in this experiment to enhance the piezoelectric response of the poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) copolymer, which produced a voltage output of 1.958 V under a cyclic pressure of 290 N. In addition, to further disperse the PZT particles in the PVDF-TrFE matrix, tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA) was synthesized and employed to modify the PZT surface, after which the surface-modified PZT (m-PZT) particles were added to the PVDF-TrFE matrix. The TDPA on the PZT surface made it difficult for the particles to aggregate, allowing them to disperse in the polymer solution more stably. In this way, the PZT particles with piezoelectric responses could be uniformly dispersed in the PVDF-TrFE film, thereby further enhancing its overall piezoelectric response. The test results showed that upon the addition of 10 wt % m-PZT, the piezoelectric coefficient of m-PZT/PVDF-TrFE 10 wt % was 27 pC/N; and under a cyclic pressure of 290 N, the output voltage reached 3.426 V, which demonstrated a better piezoelectric response than the polymer film with the original PZT particles. Furthermore, the piezoelectric coefficient of m-PZT/PVDF-TrFE 10 wt % was 27.1 pC/N. This was exhibited by maintaining a piezoelectric coefficient of 26.8 pC/N after 2000 cycles. Overall, a flexible piezoelectric film with a high piezoelectric coefficient was prepared by following a simple fabrication process, which showed that this film possesses great commercial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xun Chen
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wun Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate
Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chiu
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, National
Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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25
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Khalifa M, Schoeffmann E, Lammer H, Mahendran AR, Wuzella G, Anandhan S. A study on electroactive PVDF/mica nanosheet composites with an enhanced γ-phase for capacitive and piezoelectric force sensing. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:10891-10902. [PMID: 34807219 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01236c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a multifunctional poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/mica nanosheet composite (PMNC) thin film was developed for preparing a capacitive and piezoelectric force sensor. A high electroactive γ-phase content (89%) of PVDF was achieved through a facile rapid cooling process of PMNC films. The crystallinity of PVDF decreased upon the addition of mica nanosheets, while the dielectric constant increased significantly (∼300%). The capacitance-based PMNC pressure sensor was found to be sensitive to the applied pressure. On the other hand, piezoelectric voltages of 18 V (single layer) and 32 V (multi-layer) were generated for PMNCs loaded with 1% mica nanosheets. Furthermore, a PMNC based nanogenerator generated a power density of 8.8 μW cm-2 and showed excellent durability (>60 000 cycles). High flexibility, lightweight and skin-friendly PMNCs could be a potential material in applications such as energy harvesting, energy storage, actuators, and self-powered and smart wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khalifa
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | | | - Herfried Lammer
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | | | - Guenter Wuzella
- Kompetenzzentrum Holz GmbH, Altenberger Strasse 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria.
| | - S Anandhan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru-575025, India.
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26
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Chang L, Jiang A, Rao M, Ma F, Huang H, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Li B, Hu Y. Progress of low-frequency sound absorption research utilizing intelligent materials and acoustic metamaterials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:37784-37800. [PMID: 35498066 PMCID: PMC9044041 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06493b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the impacts of environmental noises on living creatures as well as the accuracy and stability of precise instruments. Due to inherent properties induced by large wavelength, the attenuation and manipulation of low-frequency sound waves is quite difficult to realize with traditional acoustic absorbers, yet particularly critical to modern designs. The advent of acoustic metamaterials and intelligent materials provides possibilities of energy dissipation mechanisms other than viscous dissipation and heat conduction in conventional porous sound absorbers, and therefore inspires new strategies on the design of subwavelength-scale structures. This short review aims to trace the current advancement on the low-frequency sound absorption research utilizing intelligent materials and metamaterials, including Helmholtz resonators and acoustic metamaterials based on micro-perforated plates, porous media, and decorated membrane, along with the tunable absorbing structures regulated with the function of electroactive polymers or magnetically sensitive materials. The effective principles and prospects were concluded and presented for future investigations of subwavelength-scale acoustic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Chang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Ajuan Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Manting Rao
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Fuyin Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Engineering System, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory for Intelligent Robots, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Haibo Huang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University 610031 Cheng Du Sichuan China
| | - Zicai Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Engineering System, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory for Intelligent Robots, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Engineering System, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory for Intelligent Robots, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Engineering System, Shanxi Province Key Laboratory for Intelligent Robots, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Ying Hu
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Aerospace Structural Parts Forming Technology and Equipment, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
- Anhui Province Key Lab of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230009 China
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Barakat MAY, El-Wakil AEAA. Preparation and characterization of EVA/ZnO composites as piezoelectric elements for ultrasonic transducers. MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS 2021; 8:105304. [DOI: 10.1088/2053-1591/ac29fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Turner BL, Senevirathne S, Kilgour K, McArt D, Biggs M, Menegatti S, Daniele MA. Ultrasound-Powered Implants: A Critical Review of Piezoelectric Material Selection and Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100986. [PMID: 34235886 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound-powered implants (UPIs) represent cutting edge power sources for implantable medical devices (IMDs), as their powering strategy allows for extended functional lifetime, decreased size, increased implant depth, and improved biocompatibility. IMDs are limited by their reliance on batteries. While batteries proved a stable power supply, batteries feature relatively large sizes, limited life spans, and toxic material compositions. Accordingly, energy harvesting and wireless power transfer (WPT) strategies are attracting increasing attention by researchers as alternative reliable power sources. Piezoelectric energy scavenging has shown promise for low power applications. However, energy scavenging devices need be located near sources of movement, and the power stream may suffer from occasional interruptions. WPT overcomes such challenges by more stable, on-demand power to IMDs. Among the various forms of WPT, ultrasound powering offers distinct advantages such as low tissue-mediated attenuation, a higher approved safe dose (720 mW cm-2 ), and improved efficiency at smaller device sizes. This study presents and discusses the state-of-the-art in UPIs by reviewing piezoelectric materials and harvesting devices including lead-based inorganic, lead-free inorganic, and organic polymers. A comparative discussion is also presented of the functional material properties, architecture, and performance metrics, together with an overview of the applications where UPIs are being deployed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L. Turner
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr. Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Seedevi Senevirathne
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research Queen's University 97 Lisburn Rd Belfast BT9 7AE UK
| | - Katie Kilgour
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Darragh McArt
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research Queen's University 97 Lisburn Rd Belfast BT9 7AE UK
| | - Manus Biggs
- Centre for Research in Medical Devices National University of Ireland Newcastle Road Galway H91 W2TY Ireland
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695 USA
| | - Michael A. Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 911 Oval Dr. Raleigh NC 27695 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Carolina State University 890 Oval Dr. Raleigh NC 27695 USA
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30
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Mahapatra SD, Mohapatra PC, Aria AI, Christie G, Mishra YK, Hofmann S, Thakur VK. Piezoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications: Roadmap for Future Smart Materials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2100864. [PMID: 34254467 PMCID: PMC8425885 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric materials are widely referred to as "smart" materials because they can transduce mechanical pressure acting on them to electrical signals and vice versa. They are extensively utilized in harvesting mechanical energy from vibrations, human motion, mechanical loads, etc., and converting them into electrical energy for low power devices. Piezoelectric transduction offers high scalability, simple device designs, and high-power densities compared to electro-magnetic/static and triboelectric transducers. This review aims to give a holistic overview of recent developments in piezoelectric nanostructured materials, polymers, polymer nanocomposites, and piezoelectric films for implementation in energy harvesting. The progress in fabrication techniques, morphology, piezoelectric properties, energy harvesting performance, and underpinning fundamental mechanisms for each class of materials, including polymer nanocomposites using conducting, non-conducting, and hybrid fillers are discussed. The emergent application horizon of piezoelectric energy harvesters particularly for wireless devices and self-powered sensors is highlighted, and the current challenges and future prospects are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmriti Das Mahapatra
- Technology & Manufacturing GroupIntel Corporation5000 West Chandler BoulevardChandlerArizona85226USA
| | - Preetam Chandan Mohapatra
- Technology & Manufacturing GroupIntel Corporation5000 West Chandler BoulevardChandlerArizona85226USA
| | - Adrianus Indrat Aria
- Surface Engineering and Precision CentreSchool of AerospaceTransport and ManufacturingCranfield UniversityCranfieldMK43 0ALUK
| | - Graham Christie
- Institute of BiotechnologyDepartment of Chemical Engineering and BiotechnologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1QTUK
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen InstituteNanoSYDUniversity of Southern DenmarkAlsion 2Sønderborg6400Denmark
| | - Stephan Hofmann
- Division of Electrical EngineeringDepartment of EngineeringUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1PZUK
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research CenterScotland's Rural College (SRUC)Kings BuildingsEdinburghEH9 3JGUK
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringSchool of EngineeringShiv Nadar UniversityDelhiUttar Pradesh201314India
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Piezoelectric and Electromechanical Characteristics of Porous Poly(Ethylene-co-Vinyl Acetate) Copolymer Films for Smart Sensors and Mechanical Energy Harvesting Applications. APPLIED SYSTEM INNOVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/asi4030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates energy harvesting performances of porous piezoelectric polymer films to collect electrical energy from vibrations and power various sensors. The influence of void content on the elastic matrix, dielectric, electrical, and mechanical properties of porous piezoelectric polymer films produced from available commercial poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) using an industrially applicable melt-state extrusion method (EVA) were examined and discussed. Electrical and mechanical characterization showed an increase in the harvested current and a decrease in Young’s modulus with the increasing ratio of voids. Thermal analysis revealed a decrease in piezoelectric constant of the porous materials. The authors present a mathematical model that is able to predict harvested current as a function of matrix characteristics, mechanical excitation and porosity percentage. The output current is directly proportional to the porosity percentage. The harvested power significantly increases with increasing strain or porosity, achieving a power value up to 0.23, 1.55, and 3.87 mW/m3 for three EVA compositions: EVA 0%, EVA 37% and EVA 65%, respectively. In conclusion, porous piezoelectric EVA films has great potential from an energy density viewpoint and could represent interesting candidates for energy harvesting applications. Our work contributes to the development of smart materials, with potential uses as innovative harvester systems of energy generated by different vibration sources such as roads, machines and oceans.
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Ben Dali O, von Seggern H, Sessler GM, Pondrom P, Zhukov S, Zhang X, Kupnik M. Ferroelectret energy harvesting with 3D‐printed air‐spaced cantilever design. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ben Dali
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Heinz von Seggern
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Gerhard Martin Sessler
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Perceval Pondrom
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Sergey Zhukov
- Department of Materials and Earth Sciences Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, School of Physics Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Mario Kupnik
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
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Pullano SA, Critello CD, Bianco MG, Menniti M, Fiorillo AS. PVDF Ultrasonic Sensors for In-Air Applications: A Review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:2324-2335. [PMID: 33956630 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2021.3078069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a material with ferroelectric characteristics, is still extremely topical for the manufacturing of transducers, and different examples, some of which have been actively commercialized since the 1980s, are reported in the literature. In this work, we present a review focused on the PVDF technology for the manufacturing of in-air ultrasonic transducers, which found application in medical robotics, sonar systems, and automation industry (e.g., proximity sensors and obstacle detection). The aim is to provide a comprehensive view on the development of such ultrasonic transducers, highlighting the constructive choices and the advantages/disadvantages in a thorough and concise way.
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34
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Chandran AM, Varun S, Mural PKS. Flexible electroactive
PVDF
/
ZnO
nanocomposite with high output power and current density. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash M. Chandran
- Materials Chemistry and Polymer Technology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Calicut Kerala India
| | - S. Varun
- Materials Chemistry and Polymer Technology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Calicut Kerala India
| | - Prasanna Kumar S. Mural
- Materials Chemistry and Polymer Technology Group, Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of Technology Calicut Kerala India
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Guo S, Duan X, Xie M, Aw KC, Xue Q. Composites, Fabrication and Application of Polyvinylidene Fluoride for Flexible Electromechanical Devices: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E1076. [PMID: 33287450 PMCID: PMC7761858 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The technological development of piezoelectric materials is crucial for developing wearable and flexible electromechanical devices. There are many inorganic materials with piezoelectric effects, such as piezoelectric ceramics, aluminum nitride and zinc oxide. They all have very high piezoelectric coefficients and large piezoelectric response ranges. The characteristics of high hardness and low tenacity make inorganic piezoelectric materials unsuitable for flexible devices that require frequent bending. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its derivatives are the most popular materials used in flexible electromechanical devices in recent years and have high flexibility, high sensitivity, high ductility and a certain piezoelectric coefficient. Owing to increasing the piezoelectric coefficient of PVDF, researchers are committed to optimizing PVDF materials and enhancing their polarity by a series of means to further improve their mechanical-electrical conversion efficiency. This paper reviews the latest PVDF-related optimization-based materials, related processing and polarization methods and the applications of these materials in, e.g., wearable functional devices, chemical sensors, biosensors and flexible actuator devices for flexible micro-electromechanical devices. We also discuss the challenges of wearable devices based on flexible piezoelectric polymer, considering where further practical applications could be.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (S.G.); (X.D.); (M.X.)
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (S.G.); (X.D.); (M.X.)
| | - Mengying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (S.G.); (X.D.); (M.X.)
| | - Kean Chin Aw
- Department Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Qiannan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (S.G.); (X.D.); (M.X.)
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36
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Piezoelectric Particulate Composite for Energy Harvesting from Mechanical Vibration. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214925. [PMID: 33147792 PMCID: PMC7663287 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Energy harvesting from mechanical vibration of buildings is usually realized by the use of devices, in which the main element is a prismatic beam with a rectangular cross-section. The beam has been the subject of scientific research; it is usually constructed with a carrying substrate that does not have piezoelectric characteristics and from piezoelectric material. In contrast, this investigation sought to create a beam structure with a piezoelectric composite only. The entire beam structure was made of a prototype piezoelectric particulate composite. Based on courses of voltage obtained in laboratory experiments and known geometry of the specimens, a series of finite element method (FEM) simulations was performed, aiming to estimate the piezoelectric coefficient d31 value at which the mentioned voltage could be achieved. In each specimen, sedimentation caused the formation of two distinct layers: top and bottom. The experiments revealed that the presented prototype piezoelectric particulate composite converts mechanical stress to electric energy in bending mode, which is used in energy harvesting from mechanical vibration. It is self-supporting and thus a carrying substrate is not required in the harvester structure.
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37
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Wittinanon T, Rianyoi R, Chaipanich A. Effect of polyvinylidene fluoride on the fracture microstructure characteristics and piezoelectric and mechanical properties of 0-3 barium zirconate titanate ceramic-cement composites. Ann Ital Chir 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Liu Y, Huang Z, Liu C. Improved Design via Simulation of Micro-Modified PVDF and its Copolymer Energy Harvester with High Electrical Outputs. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5834. [PMID: 33076384 PMCID: PMC7602673 DOI: 10.3390/s20205834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this work, micro-modified polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymer poly(vinylidene-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) with salient enhancement in current output are demonstrated. The influence of surface-modified structure characteristics on electrical properties of energy harvester is systematically analyzed based on the finite element method. For vertical load mode, eight structures consisting of banded and disjunctive groups are compared to evaluate the voltage performance. The cylinder is proved to be the best structure of 3.25 V, compared to the pristine structure of 0.99 V (P(VDF-TrFE)). The relevant experiment has been done to verify the simulation. The relationship between radius, height, force and distance to the voltage output of the cylinder allocation is discussed. For periodical changing load mode, the cylinder modified structure shows a conspicuous enhancement in current output. The suitable resistance, current-voltage and frequency, the relationship between loading speed and current, and the ductility of current loading are studied. For 30 kHz, the peak current is 20 times larger than the flat plate structure. Tip shape mode and fusiform shape mode are found, which show the different shapes of the peak current-frequency curves. Four electrical loading circuit properties are also discussed: the suitable resistance of the system, synchronism of current and voltage, time delay nature of energy harvester and current-loading relationship. The simulation results can provide some theoretical basis for designing the energy harvester and piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Liu
- Department of Astronautic Science and Mechanics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (Z.H.); (C.L.)
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39
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Ferroelectric ceramic dispersion to enhance the β phase of polymer for improving dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Cholleti ER, Stringer J, Kelly P, Bowen C, Aw K. The effect of barium titanate ceramic loading on the stress relaxation behavior of barium titanate‐silicone elastomer composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Stringer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Piaras Kelly
- Department of Engineering Science University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Chris Bowen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Bath Bath UK
| | - Kean Aw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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41
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Wang Z, Yang F, Ma H, Cheng Z, Yang S. Photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) dermoscope with high sensitivity and penetration depth by using a bimorph transducer. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e202000145. [PMID: 32506704 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A bimorph transducer was proposed to improve the detection sensitivity and imaging depth of photoacoustic and ultrasound (PAUS) dermoscope. By applying the bimorph transducer, the imaging depth and sensitivity of PAUS dermoscope were enhanced by simultaneously improving excitation efficiency and reception bandwidth. The integrated design of the imaging head of the dermoscope makes it highly convenient for detecting human skin. The PAUS imaging performance was demonstrated via visualizing subcutaneous tumor and depicting full structures of different skin layers from epidermis to subcutaneous tissue. The results confirm that the dermoscope with the bimorph transducer is well suited for PA and US dual-modality imaging, which can provide multi-information for skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haigang Ma
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongwen Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sihua Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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42
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Costa C, Sabater i Serra R, Andrio Balado A, Gómez Ribelles J, Lanceros-Méndez S. Dielectric relaxation dynamics in poly(vinylidene fluoride)/Pb(Zr0·53Ti0.47)O3 composites. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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43
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Zeng Y, Jiang L, Sun Y, Yang Y, Quan Y, Wei S, Lu G, Li R, Rong J, Chen Y, Zhou Q. 3D-Printing Piezoelectric Composite with Honeycomb Structure for Ultrasonic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11080713. [PMID: 32717887 PMCID: PMC7463429 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Piezoelectric composites are considered excellent core materials for fabricating various ultrasonic devices. For the traditional fabrication process, piezoelectric composite structures are mainly prepared by mold forming, mixing, and dicing-filing techniques. However, these techniques are limited on fabricating shapes with complex structures. With the rapid development of additive manufacturing (AM), many research fields have applied AM technology to produce functional materials with various geometric shapes. In this study, the Mask-Image-Projection-based Stereolithography (MIP-SL) process, one of the AM (3D-printing) methods, was used to build BaTiO3-based piezoelectric composite ceramics with honeycomb structure design. A sintered sample with denser body and higher density was achieved (i.e., density obtained 5.96 g/cm3), and the 3D-printed ceramic displayed the expected piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties using the complex structure (i.e., piezoelectric constant achieved 60 pC/N). After being integrated into an ultrasonic device, the 3D-printed component also presents promising material performance and output power properties for ultrasound sensing (i.e., output voltage reached 180 mVpp). Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of AM technology in fabricating piezoelectric composites with complex structures that cannot be fabricated by dicing-filling. The approach may bring more possibilities to the fabrication of micro-electromechanical system (MEMS)-based ultrasonic devices via 3D-printing methods in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushun Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Laiming Jiang
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yizhe Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA;
| | - Yi Quan
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Shuang Wei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
| | - Gengxi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.J.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Jiahui Rong
- Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
| | - Yong Chen
- Daniel J. Epstein Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA;
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qifa Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.W.); (G.L.); (R.L.)
- Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; (L.J.); (Y.Q.)
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Q.Z.)
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44
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Covaci C, Gontean A. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Solutions: A Review. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123512. [PMID: 32575888 PMCID: PMC7349337 DOI: 10.3390/s20123512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to review current methods of energy harvesting, while focusing on piezoelectric energy harvesting. The piezoelectric energy harvesting technique is based on the materials' property of generating an electric field when a mechanical force is applied. This phenomenon is known as the direct piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric transducers can be of different shapes and materials, making them suitable for a multitude of applications. To optimize the use of piezoelectric devices in applications, a model is needed to observe the behavior in the time and frequency domain. In addition to different aspects of piezoelectric modeling, this paper also presents several circuits used to maximize the energy harvested.
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45
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Development of In-Situ Poled Nanofiber Based Flexible Piezoelectric Nanogenerators for Self-Powered Motion Monitoring. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Energy harvesting technologies have found significant importance over the past decades due to the increasing demand of energy and self-powered design of electronic and implantable devices. Herein, we demonstrate the design and application of in situ poled highly flexible piezoelectric poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) graphene oxide (GO) hybrid nanofibers in aligned mode for multifaceted applications from locomotion sensors to self-powered motion monitoring. Here we exploited the simplest and most versatile method, called electrospinning, to fabricate the in situ poled nanofibers by transforming non-polar α-phase of PVDF to polar β- phase structures for enhanced piezoelectricity under high bias voltage. The flexible piezoelectric device fabricated using the aligned mode generates an improved output voltage of 2.1 V at a uniform force of 12 N. The effective piezoelectric transduction exhibited by the proposed system was tested for its multiple efficacies as a locomotion detector, bio-e-skin, smart chairs and so on.
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Fu J, Hou Y, Zheng M, Zhu M. Flexible Piezoelectric Energy Harvester with Extremely High Power Generation Capability by Sandwich Structure Design Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9766-9774. [PMID: 32013391 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to achieve a high-performance flexible piezoelectric energy harvester (FPEH), a unique sandwich structure, that is, a PVDF film filled with FeTiNbO6 (FTN) semiconductor particles as an intermediate layer and a pure PVDF film as an upper and lower barrier layer, has been designed, and the corresponding PVDF-FTN/PVDFx-PVDF (P-FTNx-P) compact composite has been prepared by hot-pressing technology. The special sandwich structure combined with the introduction of FTN particles is beneficial to enhance the interfacial polarization and the content of the electroactive phase in PVDF. Together with the maximum piezoelectric voltage coefficient and the moderate Young's modulus, the P-FTN15%-P FPEH exhibited the optimal energy-harvesting performance with a high power density of 110 μW/cm3 and a large charge density of 75 μC/m2 in cantilever mode. The outstanding design in this work is expected to provide a new way for the development of high-performance FPEH materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Yudong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Mupeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
| | - Mankang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , China
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Lu H, Du J, Zhang H, Guo X, Du J, Zhang Y, Li C, Dong L, Chen Y. High energy storage capacitance of defluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride and polyvinylidene fluoride blend alloy for capacitor applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Lu
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
| | - Jianxin Du
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
| | - Huilong Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaojie Guo
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
| | - Jiayou Du
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
| | - Yishan Zhang
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
| | - Chenxiang Li
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
| | - Linxi Dong
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
| | - Yingxin Chen
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and DevicesMinistry of Education, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Jianghan University Wuhan China
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Huang L, Lin S, Xu Z, Zhou H, Duan J, Hu B, Zhou J. Fiber-Based Energy Conversion Devices for Human-Body Energy Harvesting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1902034. [PMID: 31206809 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Following the rapid development of lightweight and flexible smart electronic products, providing energy for these electronics has become a hot research topic. The human body produces considerable mechanical and thermal energy during daily activities, which could be used to power most wearable electronics. In this context, fiber-based energy conversion devices (FBECD) are proposed as candidates for effective conversion of human-body energy into electricity for powering wearable electronics. Herein, functional materials, fiber fabrication techniques, and device design strategies for different classes of FBECD based on piezoelectricity, triboelectricity, electrostaticity, and thermoelectricity are comprehensively reviewed. An overview of fiber-based self-powered systems and sensors according to their superior flexibility and cost-effectiveness is also presented. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the field of fiber-based energy conversion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Huang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shizhe Lin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Zisheng Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - He Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jiangjiang Duan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Bin Hu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, P. R. China
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Qin S, Zhang X, Yu Z, Zhao F. Polarization study of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films under cyclic electric fields. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qin
- Department of Modern MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
- National Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation PhysicsInstitute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation PhysicsInstitute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Zheng Yu
- National Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation PhysicsInstitute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
| | - Feng Zhao
- National Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation PhysicsInstitute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang Sichuan 621900 China
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Brunengo E, Castellano M, Conzatti L, Canu G, Buscaglia V, Stagnaro P. PVDF‐based composites containing PZT particles: How processing affects the final properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brunengo
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversità di Genova Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa Italy
| | - Maila Castellano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica IndustrialeUniversità di Genova Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa Italy
| | - Lucia Conzatti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa Italy
| | - Giovanna Canu
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'EnergiaConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa Italy
| | - Vincenzo Buscaglia
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'EnergiaConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa Italy
| | - Paola Stagnaro
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via de Marini 6, 16149 Genoa Italy
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