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Van Daele L, Chausse V, Parmentier L, Brancart J, Pegueroles M, Van Vlierberghe S, Dubruel P. 3D-Printed Shape Memory Poly(alkylene terephthalate) Scaffolds as Cardiovascular Stents Revealing Enhanced Endothelialization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303498. [PMID: 38329408 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and current treatments such as stents still suffer from disadvantages. Balloon expansion causes damage to the arterial wall and limited and delayed endothelialization gives rise to restenosis and thrombosis. New more performing materials that circumvent these disadvantages are required to improve the success rate of interventions. To this end, the use of a novel polymer, poly(hexamethylene terephthalate), is investigated for this application. The synthesis to obtain polymers with high molar masses up to 126.5 kg mol-1 is optimized and a thorough chemical and thermal analysis is performed. The polymers are 3D-printed into personalized cardiovascular stents using the state-of-the-art solvent-cast direct-writing technique, the potential of these stents to expand using their shape memory behavior is established, and it is shown that the stents are more resistant to compression than the poly(l-lactide) benchmark. Furthermore, the polymer's hydrolytic stability is demonstrated in an accelerated degradation study of 6 months. Finally, the stents are subjected to an in vitro biological evaluation, revealing that the polymer is non-hemolytic and supports significant endothelialization after only 7 days, demonstrating the enormous potential of these polymers to serve cardiovascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Van Daele
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Victor Chausse
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Laurens Parmentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Joost Brancart
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Marta Pegueroles
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EEBE, Barcelona, 08019, Spain
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium
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2
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Van Daele L, Van de Voorde B, Colenbier R, De Vos L, Parmentier L, Van der Meeren L, Skirtach A, Dmitriev RI, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Effect of molar mass and alkyl chain length on the surface properties and biocompatibility of poly(alkylene terephthalate)s for potential cardiovascular applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10158-10173. [PMID: 37850250 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01889j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Treatments for occluded arteries include balloon angioplasty with or without stenting and bypass grafting surgery. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) is frequently used as a vascular graft material, but its high stiffness leads to compliance mismatch with the human blood vessels, resulting in altered hemodynamics, thrombus formation and graft failure. Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s (PATs) with longer alkyl chain lengths hold great potential for improving the compliance. In this work, the effect of the polymer molar mass and the alkyl chain length on the surface roughness and wettability of spin-coated PAT films was investigated, as well as the endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation on these samples. We found that surface roughness generally increases with increasing molar mass and alkyl chain length, while no trend for the wettability could be observed. All investigated PATs are non-cytotoxic and support endothelial cell adhesion and growth. For some PATs, the endothelial cells even reorganized into a tubular-like structure, suggesting angiogenic maturation. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the biocompatibility of PATs and their potential to be applied as materials serving cardiovascular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Van Daele
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Babs Van de Voorde
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Robin Colenbier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Tissue engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human structure and repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 6B3, UZP123, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lobke De Vos
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Laurens Parmentier
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - André Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Proeftuinstraat 86, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- Tissue engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of Human structure and repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 6B3, UZP123, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Zhou D, Wu F, Peng Y, Qazi MA, Li R, Wang Y, Wang Q. Multi-step biosynthesis of the biodegradable polyester monomer 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid from glucose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:92. [PMID: 37264438 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2-Pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a chemically stable pseudoaromatic dicarboxylic acid, represents a promising building block for the manufacture of biodegradable polyesters. Microbial production of PDC has been extensively investigated, but low titers and yields have limited industrial applications. RESULTS In this study, a multi-step biosynthesis strategy for the microbial production of PDC was demonstrated using engineered Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalysts. The PDC biosynthetic pathway was first divided into three synthetic modules, namely the 3-dehydroshikimic acid (DHS) module, the protocatechuic acid (PCA) module and the PDC module. Several effective enzymes, including 3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase for the PCA module as well as protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase and 4-carboxy-2-hydroxymuconate-6-semialdehyde dehydrogenase for the PDC module were isolated and characterized. Then, the highly efficient whole-cell bioconversion systems for producing PCA and PDC were constructed and optimized, respectively. Finally, the efficient multi-step biosynthesis of PDC from glucose was achieved by smoothly integrating the above three biosynthetic modules, resulting in a final titer of 49.18 g/L with an overall 27.2% molar yield, which represented the highest titer for PDC production from glucose reported to date. CONCLUSIONS This study lays the foundation for the microbial production of PDC, including one-step de novo biosynthesis from glucose as well as the microbial transformation of monoaromatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Fengli Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Yanfeng Peng
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Muneer Ahmed Qazi
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur, 66020, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ruosong Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Yongzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
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Wang Q, Wang J, Dong Y, Zhang X, Hu H, OYoung L, Hu D, Zhu J. Synthesis of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid-based biodegradable copolyesters with excellent gas barrier properties composed of various aliphatic diols. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Effect of oligo(ethylene glycol) length on properties of poly(oligoethylene glycol terephthalate)s and their cyclic oligomers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Goto T, Abe H. Substituent Effects on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Resorcinol‐Based Semiaromatic Polyesters. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Goto
- Bioplastic Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2‐1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351–0198 Japan
| | - Hideki Abe
- Bioplastic Research Team RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science 2‐1 Hirosawa, Wako Saitama 351–0198 Japan
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De Vos L, Van de Voorde B, Van Daele L, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Poly(alkylene terephthalate)s: From current developments in synthetic strategies towards applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Van de Voorde B, Benmeridja L, Giol ED, Van der Meeren L, Van Damme L, Liu Z, Toncheva A, Raquez JM, Van den Brande N, Skirtach A, Declercq H, Dubruel P, Van Vlierberghe S. Potential of poly(alkylene terephthalate)s to control endothelial cell adhesion and viability. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112378. [PMID: 34579897 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is known for its various useful characteristics, including its applicability in cardiovascular applications, more precisely as synthetic bypass grafts for large diameter (≥ 6 mm) blood vessels. Although it is widely used, PET is not an optimal material as it is not interactive with endothelial cells, which is required for bypasses to form a complete endothelium. Therefore, in this study, poly(alkylene terephthalate)s (PATs) have been studied. They were synthesized via a single-step solution polycondensation reaction, which requires mild reaction conditions and avoids the use of a catalyst or additives like heat stabilizers. A homologous series was realized in which the alkyl chain length varied from 5 to 12 methylene groups (n = 5-12). Molar masses up to 28,000 g/mol were obtained, while various odd-even trends were observed with modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) and rapid heat-cool calorimetry (RHC) to access the thermal properties within the homologous series. The synthesized PATs have been subjected to in vitro cell viability assays using Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) and Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HDMECs). The results showed that HUVECs adhere and proliferate most pronounced onto PAT(n=9) surfaces, which could be attributed to the surface roughness and morphology as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (i.e. Rq = 204.7 nm). HDMECs were investigated in the context of small diameter vessels and showed superior adhesion and proliferation after seeding onto PAT(n=6) substrates. These preliminary results already pave the way towards the use of PAT materials as substrates to support endothelial cell adhesion and growth. Indeed, as superior endothelial cell interactivity compared to PET was observed, time-consuming and costly surface modifications of PET grafts could be avoided by exploiting this novel material class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babs Van de Voorde
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; SIM vzw, Technologiepark 48, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Lara Benmeridja
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elena Diana Giol
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louis Van der Meeren
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lana Van Damme
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zhen Liu
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antoniya Toncheva
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons, 23 Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Niko Van den Brande
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - André Skirtach
- Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Heidi Declercq
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Group (PBM), Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Hussain F, Park S, Jeong J, Kang S, Kim J. Structure–property relationship of poly(cyclohexane 1,4‐dimethylene terephthalate) modified with high trans‐1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol and 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylicacid. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiaz Hussain
- Department of Textile Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sangwon Park
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐gu Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 South Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐gu Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 South Korea
| | - Soo‐Jung Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐gu Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 South Korea
| | - Jinhwan Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan University 2066 Seobu‐ro, Jangan‐gu Suwon Gyeonggi 16419 South Korea
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Shi M, Cheng T, Zou H, Zhang N, Huang J, Xian M. The Preparation and Biomedical Application of Biopolyesters. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 20:331-340. [PMID: 31644401 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191015211156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Biopolyesters represent a large family that can be obtained by polymerization of variable bio-derived hydroxyalkanoic acids. The monomer composition, molecular weight of the biopolyesters can affect the properties and applications of the polyesters. The majority of biopolyesters can either be biosynthesized from natural biofeedstocks or semi-synthesized (biopreparation of monomers followed by the chemical polymerization of the monomers). With the fast development of synthetic biology and biosynthesis techniques, the biosynthesis of unnatural biopolyesters (like lactate containing and aromatic biopolyesters) with improved performance and function has been a tendency. The presence of novel preparation methods, novel monomer composition has also significantly affected the properties, functions and applications of the biopolyesters. Due to the properties of biodegradability and biocompatibility, biopolyesters have great potential in biomedical applications (as implanting or covering biomaterials, drug carriers). Moreover, biopolyesters can be fused with other functional ingredients to achieve novel applications or improved functions. This study summarizes and compares the updated preparation methods of representative biopolyesters, also introduces the current status and future trends of their applications in biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxun Shi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Cheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.,State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Huibin Zou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jingling Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
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