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Sun Y, Zhao N, Sun H, Xu S, Lu Y, Xi H, Guo Z, Shi H. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Molecular Responses to Salt Stress in Common Vetch ( Vicia sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:714. [PMID: 38475559 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an important annual diploid leguminous forage. In the present study, transcriptomic profiling in common vetch in response to salt stress was conducted using a salt-tolerant line (460) and a salt-sensitive line (429). The common responses in common vetch and the specific responses associated with salt tolerance in 460 were analyzed. Several KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways, including plant hormone and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling, galactose metabolism, and phenylpropanoid phenylpropane biosynthesis, were enriched in both lines, though some differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed distinct expression patterns. The roots in 460 showed higher levels of lignin than in 429. α-linolenic acid metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, the photosynthesis-antenna pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways were specifically enriched in salt-tolerant line 460, with higher levels of accumulated soluble sugars in the leaves. In addition, higher transcript levels of genes involved in ion homeostasis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging were observed in 460 than in 429 in response to salt stress. The transcriptomic analysis in common vetch in response to salt stress provides useful clues for further investigations on salt tolerance mechanism in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongjian Sun
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haojie Xi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haifan Shi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Grass Germplasm Resources Innovation and Utilization in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Tamaki I, Mizuno M, Ohtsuki T, Shutoh K, Tabata R, Tsunamoto Y, Suyama Y, Nakajima Y, Kubo N, Ito T, Noma N, Harada E. Phylogenetic, population structure, and population demographic analyses reveal that Vicia sepium in Japan is native and not introduced. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20746. [PMID: 38007576 PMCID: PMC10676423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vicia sepium (bush vetch) is a perennial legume widely distributed throughout the Eurasian continent. However, its distribution in Japan is limited to Mt. Ibuki and small parts of central and southern Hokkaido. Therefore, each Japanese V. sepium lineage has been considered to have been introduced separately from Europe. Here, we examined whether the species was introduced or not on the basis of cpDNA sequences and genome-wide SNPs from Japanese and overseas samples. Both the cpDNA haplotype network and the nuclear DNA phylogenetic tree showed that Japanese V. sepium is monophyletic. Furthermore, although the nuclear DNA phylogenetic tree also showed that each lineage is clearly monophyletic, genetic admixture of the genetic cluster dominated in the Hokkaido lineage was also detected in the Mt. Ibuki lineage. Population divergence analysis showed that the two lineages diverged during the last glacial period. The Mt. Ibuki lineage showed a sudden population decline 300-400 years ago, indicating that some anthropogenic activity might be involved, while the Hokkaido lineage showed a gradual population decline from 5000 years ago. Consequently, these two lineages show low current genetic diversity compared with overseas lineages. These results show that the Japanese V. sepium is not introduced but is native.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Tamaki
- Gifu Academy of Forest Science and Culture, 88 Sodai, Mino, Gifu, 501-3714, Japan
- Gifu Prefectural Research Institute for Forests, 1128-1 Sodai, Mino, Gifu, 501-3714, Japan
| | - Mizuo Mizuno
- Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-Higashi, Gifu, 502-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ohtsuki
- Lake Biwa Museum, 1091 Oroshimo, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-0001, Japan
| | - Kohtaroh Shutoh
- The Hokkaido University Museum, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Tabata
- Lake Biwa Museum, 1091 Oroshimo, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-0001, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tsunamoto
- Research Institute of Energy, Environment and Geology, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kita 19 Nishi 12, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan
- Kawatabi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-Onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Suyama
- Kawatabi Field Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 232-3 Yomogida, Naruko-Onsen, Osaki, Miyagi, 989-6711, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakajima
- School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Naoki Kubo
- School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Takeru Ito
- School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Naohiko Noma
- School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan
| | - Emiko Harada
- School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka, Hikone, Shiga, 522-8533, Japan.
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Sun Y, Lu Y, Xi H, Geng B, Shi H, Zhao N, Guo Z. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the candidate metabolic pathways and genes associated with cold tolerance in a mutant without anthocyanin accumulation in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107770. [PMID: 37216823 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is a leguminous crop used to feed livestock with vegetative organs or fertilize soils by returning to the field. Survival of fall-seeded plants is often affected by freezing damage during overwintering. This study aims to investigate the transcriptomic profiling in response to cold in a mutant with reduced accumulation of anthocyanins under normal growth and low-temperature conditions for understanding the underlying mechanisms. The mutant had increased cold a tolerance with higher survival rate and biomass during overwintering compared to the wild type, which led to increased forage production. Transcriptomic analysis in combination with qRT-PCR and physiological measurements revealed that reduced anthocyanins accumulation in the mutant resulted from reduced expression of serial genes involving in anthocyanin biosynthesis, which led to the altered metabolism, with an increased accumulation of free amino acids and polyamines. The higher levels of free amino acids and proline in the mutant under low temperature were associated with improved cold tolerance. The altered expression of some genes involved in ABA and GA signaling was also associated with increased cold tolerance in the mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yiwen Lu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Haojie Xi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Bohao Geng
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Haifan Shi
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Na Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Ramírez-Parra E, De la Rosa L. Designing Novel Strategies for Improving Old Legumes: An Overview from Common Vetch. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1275. [PMID: 36986962 PMCID: PMC10058852 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is a grain legume used in animal feeding, rich in protein content, fatty acid, and mineral composition that makes for a very adequate component to enrich feedstuff. In addition, relevant pharmacological properties have been reported in humans. The common vetch, similar to other legumes, can fix atmospheric nitrogen, a crucial feature for sustainable agricultural systems. These properties enhance the use of vetch as a cover crop and its sowing in intercropping systems. Moreover, several studies have recently pointed out the potential of vetch in the phytoremediation of contaminated soils. These characteristics make vetch a relevant crop, which different potential improvements target. Varieties with different yields, flowering times, shattering resistance, nutritional composition, rhizobacteria associations, drought tolerance, nitrogen fixation capacity, and other agronomic-relevant traits have been identified when different vetch accessions are compared. Recently, the analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data has allowed the development of different molecular markers to be used for assisted breeding purposes, promoting crop improvement. Here, we review the potential of using the variability of V. sativa genetic resources and new biotechnological and molecular tools for selecting varieties with improved traits to be used in sustainable agriculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ramírez-Parra
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, (CBGP, UPM-INIA/CSIC) Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía De la Rosa
- Centro de Recursos Fitogenéticos, (CRF-INIA/CSIC) Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Zhang H, Mascher M, Abbo S, Jayakodi M. Advancing Grain Legumes Domestication and Evolution Studies with Genomics. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1540-1553. [PMID: 35534441 PMCID: PMC9680859 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grain legumes were domesticated in parallel with cereals in several regions of the world and formed the economic basis of early farming cultures. Since then, legumes have played a vital role in human and animal diets and in fostering agrobiodiversity. Increasing grain legume cultivation will be crucial to safeguard nutritional security and the resilience of agricultural ecosystems across the globe. A better understanding of the molecular underpinnings of domestication and crop evolution of grain legumes may be translated into practical approaches in modern breeding programs to stabilize yield, which is threatened by evolving pathogens and changing climates. During recent decades, domestication research in all crops has greatly benefited from the fast progress in genomic technologies. Yet still, many questions surrounding the domestication and diversification of legumes remain unanswered. In this review, we assess the potential of genomic approaches in grain legume research. We describe the centers of origin and the crucial domestication traits of grain legumes. In addition, we survey the effect of domestication on both above-ground and below-ground traits that have economic importance. Finally, we discuss open questions in grain legume domestication and diversification and outline how to bridge the gap between the preservation of historic crop diversity and their utilization in modern plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, Gatersleben, Seeland 06466, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstraße 3, Gatersleben, Seeland 06466, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Shahal Abbo
- The Levi Eshkol School of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Sun Y, Li J, Xing J, Yu X, Lu Y, Xu W, Zhao N, Liu Z, Guo Z. Evaluation of salt tolerance in common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) germplasms and the physiological responses to salt stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 278:153811. [PMID: 36126616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is an important leguminous crop, providing humans with starch from seeds, feeding livestock with vegetative organs, or fertilizing soils by returning to field. It is aimed to evaluate salt tolerance in common vetch collections for breeding programs and to investigate the underlined physiological mechanisms. Relative germination rate and relative seedling growth showed great difference among common vetch collections in response to salt. A lower level of Na+ and higher levels of K+ and K+/Na+ ratio were maintained in both shoots and roots in salt-tolerant collections than in salt-sensitive ones under salt stress. Expression of the genes involved in transportation and redistribution of Na+ and K+ were cooperatively responsible for salt stress. Transcript levels of NHX7, HKT1, AKT2, and HAK17 in leaves and roots were induced after salt stress, with higher transcript levels in salt-tolerant collections compared with the sensitive ones. Proline and P5CS1 transcript levels were increased after salt stress, with higher levels in salt-tolerant collection compared with salt-sensitive ones. Both O2- and H2O2 were accumulated after salt stress, and lower levels were accumulated in salt-tolerant collection compared with salt-sensitive ones. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were altered in response to salt and higher levels were maintained in salt-tolerant collections compared with salt-sensitive ones. It is suggested that salt tolerance in common vetch is associated with maintenance of K+ and Na+ homeostasis and the associated gene expression and promoted proline accumulation and antioxidant defense system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Sun
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jincheng Xing
- Jiangsu Coastal Institute of Agriculture Science, Yancheng, 224002, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Yiwen Lu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Wenkai Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Na Zhao
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Zhenfei Guo
- College of Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Transcriptome and Coexpression Network Analyses Provide In-Sights into the Molecular Mechanisms of Hydrogen Cyanide Synthesis during Seed Development in Common Vetch ( Vicia sativa L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042275. [PMID: 35216390 PMCID: PMC8878228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seed is an ideal plant-based protein food for humans, but its edible value is mainly limited by the presence of cyanogenic glycosides that hydrolyze to produce toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and the genes that regulate HCN synthesis in common vetch are unknown. In this study, seeds from common vetch at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 days after anthesis were sampled, and the seven stages were further divided into five developmental stages, S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5, based on morphological and transcriptome analyses. A total of 16,403 differentially expressed genes were identified in the five developmental stages. The HCN contents of seeds in these five stages were determined by alkaline titration, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to explain the molecular regulatory mechanism of HCN synthesis in common vetch seeds. Eighteen key regulatory genes for HCN synthesis were identified, including the VsGT2, VsGT17 and CYP71A genes, as well as the VsGT1 gene family. VsGT1, VsGT2, VsGT17 and CYP71A jointly promoted HCN synthesis, from 5 to 25 days after anthesis, with VsGT1-1, VsGT1-4, VsGT1-11 and VsGT1-14 playing major roles. The HCN synthesis was mainly regulated by VsGT1, from 25 to 35 days after anthesis. As the expression level of VsGT1 decreased, the HCN content no longer increased. In-depth elucidation of seed HCN synthesis lays the foundations for breeding common vetch with low HCN content.
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