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Gogishvili D, Honey MIJ, Verberk IMW, Vermunt L, Hol EM, Teunissen CE, Abeln S. The GFAP proteoform puzzle: How to advance GFAP as a fluid biomarker in neurological diseases. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 39289040 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a well-established biomarker of reactive astrogliosis in the central nervous system because of its elevated levels following brain injury and various neurological disorders. The advent of ultra-sensitive methods for measuring low-abundant proteins has significantly enhanced our understanding of GFAP levels in the serum or plasma of patients with diverse neurological diseases. Clinical studies have demonstrated that GFAP holds promise both as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, including but not limited to individuals with Alzheimer's disease. GFAP exhibits diverse forms and structures, herein referred to as its proteoform complexity, encompassing conformational dynamics, isoforms and post-translational modifications (PTMs). In this review, we explore how the proteoform complexity of GFAP influences its detection, which may affect the differential diagnostic performance of GFAP in different biological fluids and can provide valuable insights into underlying biological processes. Additionally, proteoforms are often disease-specific, and our review provides suggestions and highlights areas to focus on for the development of new assays for measuring GFAP, including isoforms, PTMs, discharge mechanisms, breakdown products, higher-order species and interacting partners. By addressing the knowledge gaps highlighted in this review, we aim to support the clinical translation and interpretation of GFAP in both CSF and blood and the development of reliable, reproducible and specific prognostic and diagnostic tests. To enhance disease pathology comprehension and optimise GFAP as a biomarker, a thorough understanding of detected proteoforms in biofluids is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Gogishvili
- Bioinformatics, Computer Science Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AI Technology for Life, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Madison I J Honey
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Vermunt
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Abeln
- Bioinformatics, Computer Science Department, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- AI Technology for Life, Department of Computing and Information Sciences, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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2
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Lee H, Pearse RV, Lish AM, Pan C, Augur ZM, Terzioglu G, Gaur P, Liao M, Fujita M, Tio ES, Duong DM, Felsky D, Seyfried NT, Menon V, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Young-Pearse TL. Contributions of genetic variation in astrocytes to cell and molecular mechanisms of risk and resilience to late onset Alzheimer's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.31.605928. [PMID: 39211227 PMCID: PMC11361137 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.31.605928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and several AD genetic risk variants are associated with genes highly expressed in astrocytes. However, the contribution of genetic risk within astrocytes to cellular processes relevant to the pathogenesis of AD remains ill-defined. Here we present a resource for studying AD genetic risk in astrocytes using a large collection of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines from deeply phenotyped individuals with a range of neuropathological and cognitive outcomes. IPSC lines from forty-four individuals were differentiated into astrocytes followed by unbiased molecular profiling using RNA sequencing and tandem mass tag-mass spectrometry. We demonstrate the utility of this resource in examining gene- and pathway-level associations with clinical and neuropathological traits, as well as in analyzing genetic risk and resilience factors through parallel analyses of iPSC-astrocytes and brain tissue from the same individuals. Our analyses reveal that genes and pathways altered in iPSC-derived astrocytes from AD individuals are concordantly dysregulated in AD brain tissue. This includes increased prefoldin proteins, extracellular matrix factors, COPI-mediated trafficking components and reduced proteins involved in cellular respiration and fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, iPSC-derived astrocytes from individuals resilient to high AD neuropathology show elevated basal levels of interferon response proteins and increased secretion of interferon gamma. Correspondingly, higher polygenic risk scores for AD are associated with lower levels of interferon response proteins. This study establishes an experimental system that integrates genetic information with a heterogeneous set of iPSCs to identify genetic contributions to molecular pathways affecting AD risk and resilience.
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3
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Beckers E, Van Egroo M, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Vandewalle G, Zetterberg H, Poser BA, Jacobs HIL. Microstructural associations between locus coeruleus, cortical, and subcortical regions are modulated by astrocyte reactivity: a 7T MRI adult lifespan study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae261. [PMID: 38904081 PMCID: PMC11190376 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system plays a key role in supporting brain health along the lifespan, notably through its modulatory effects on neuroinflammation. Using ultra-high field diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, we examined whether microstructural properties (neurite density index and orientation dispersion index) in the locus coeruleus were related to those in cortical and subcortical regions, and whether this was modulated by plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein levels, as a proxy of astrocyte reactivity. In our cohort of 60 healthy individuals (30 to 85 yr, 50% female), higher glial fibrillary acidic protein correlated with lower neurite density index in frontal cortical regions, the hippocampus, and the amygdala. Furthermore, under higher levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (above ~ 150 pg/mL for cortical and ~ 145 pg/mL for subcortical regions), lower locus coeruleus orientation dispersion index was associated with lower orientation dispersion index in frontotemporal cortical regions and in subcortical regions. Interestingly, individuals with higher locus coeruleus orientation dispersion index exhibited higher orientation dispersion index in these (sub)cortical regions, despite having higher glial fibrillary acidic protein levels. Together, these results suggest that the interaction between locus coeruleus-norepinephrine cells and astrocytes can signal a detrimental or neuroprotective pathway for brain integrity and support the importance of maintaining locus coeruleus neuronal health in aging and in the prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Beckers
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GIGA-CRC Human Imaging, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Maxime Van Egroo
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas J Ashton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, 431 41 Mölndal, Sweden
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Maurice Wohl Institute Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London SE5 9RT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health and Biomedical Research Unit for Dementia at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, 4011 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, 431 41 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Paris Brain Institute, ICM, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, 75013 Paris, France
- Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei 230036, China
| | | | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, 431 41 Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 431 80 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London W1T 7NF, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Benedikt A Poser
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kumar NH, Kluever V, Barth E, Krautwurst S, Furlan M, Pelizzola M, Marz M, Fornasiero EF. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis reveals altered mRNA splicing and post-transcriptional changes in the aged mouse brain. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2865-2885. [PMID: 38471806 PMCID: PMC11014377 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of molecular changes during brain aging is essential to mitigate cognitive decline and delay neurodegenerative diseases. The interpretation of mRNA alterations during brain aging is influenced by the health and age of the animal cohorts studied. Here, we carefully consider these factors and provide an in-depth investigation of mRNA splicing and dynamics in the aging mouse brain, combining short- and long-read sequencing technologies with extensive bioinformatic analyses. Our findings encompass a spectrum of age-related changes, including differences in isoform usage, decreased mRNA dynamics and a module showing increased expression of neuronal genes. Notably, our results indicate a reduced abundance of mRNA isoforms leading to nonsense-mediated RNA decay and suggest a regulatory role for RNA-binding proteins, indicating that their regulation may be altered leading to the reshaping of the aged brain transcriptome. Collectively, our study highlights the importance of studying mRNA splicing events during brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Hemandhar Kumar
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Kluever
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Emanuel Barth
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Krautwurst
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mattia Furlan
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Mattia Pelizzola
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Manja Marz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research, FLI, Beutenbergstraße 11, Jena 07743, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center, Friedrich Schiller University, Leutragraben 1, Jena 07743, Germany
- German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstraße 4, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Michael Stifel Center Jena, Friedrich Schiller University, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, Jena 07743, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University, Fuerstengraben 1, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Eugenio F Fornasiero
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Harley J, Santosa MM, Ng CY, Grinchuk OV, Hor JH, Liang Y, Lim VJ, Tee WW, Ong DST, Ng SY. Telomere shortening induces aging-associated phenotypes in hiPSC-derived neurons and astrocytes. Biogerontology 2024; 25:341-360. [PMID: 37987889 PMCID: PMC10998800 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Telomere shortening is a well-established hallmark of cellular aging. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) plays a crucial role in maintaining the length of telomeres, which are specialised protective caps at the end of chromosomes. The lack of in vitro aging models, particularly for the central nervous system (CNS), has impeded progress in understanding aging and age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to explore the possibility of inducing aging-associated features in cell types of the CNS using hiPSC (human induced pluripotent stem cell) technology. To achieve this, we utilised CRISPR/Cas9 to generate hiPSCs with a loss of telomerase function and shortened telomeres. Through directed differentiation, we generated motor neurons and astrocytes to investigate whether telomere shortening could lead to age-associated phenotypes. Our findings revealed that shortened telomeres induced age-associated characteristics in both motor neurons and astrocytes including increased cellular senescence, heightened inflammation, and elevated DNA damage. We also observed cell-type specific age-related morphology changes. Additionally, our study highlighted the fundamental role of TERT and telomere shortening in neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and neuronal differentiation. This study serves as a proof of concept that telomere shortening can effectively induce aging-associated phenotypes, thereby providing a valuable tool to investigate age-related decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Harley
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Munirah Mohamad Santosa
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Chong Yi Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Oleg V Grinchuk
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hui Hor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Yajing Liang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Valerie Jingwen Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Wee Wei Tee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Derrick Sek Tong Ong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore
| | - Shi-Yan Ng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR Research Entities, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593, Singapore.
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6
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Fernández-Albarral JA, Ramírez AI, de Hoz R, Matamoros JA, Salobrar-García E, Elvira-Hurtado L, López-Cuenca I, Sánchez-Puebla L, Salazar JJ, Ramírez JM. Glaucoma: from pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1354569. [PMID: 38333055 PMCID: PMC10850296 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1354569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease of the retina characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) leading to visual loss. Degeneration of RGCs and loss of their axons, as well as damage and remodeling of the lamina cribrosa are the main events in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Different molecular pathways are involved in RGC death, which are triggered and exacerbated as a consequence of a number of risk factors such as elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), age, ocular biomechanics, or low ocular perfusion pressure. Increased IOP is one of the most important risk factors associated with this pathology and the only one for which treatment is currently available, nevertheless, on many cases the progression of the disease continues, despite IOP control. Thus, the IOP elevation is not the only trigger of glaucomatous damage, showing the evidence that other factors can induce RGCs death in this pathology, would be involved in the advance of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. The underlying mechanisms driving the neurodegenerative process in glaucoma include ischemia/hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. In glaucoma, like as other neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is involved and immunoregulation is conducted mainly by glial cells, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells. The increase in IOP produces the activation of glial cells in the retinal tissue. Chronic activation of glial cells in glaucoma may provoke a proinflammatory state at the retinal level inducing blood retinal barrier disruption and RGCs death. The modulation of the immune response in glaucoma as well as the activation of glial cells constitute an interesting new approach in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Fernández-Albarral
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana I. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa de Hoz
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Matamoros
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Salobrar-García
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Elvira-Hurtado
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés López-Cuenca
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Sánchez-Puebla
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J. Salazar
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Ramírez
- Ramon Castroviejo Ophthalmological Research Institute, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Grupo UCM 920105, IdISSC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Rodríguez JJ, Zallo F, Gardenal E, Cabot J, Busquets X. Prominent and conspicuous astrocyte atrophy in human sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:2103-2113. [PMID: 37730895 PMCID: PMC10587264 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Pathophysiology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (SAD) and familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) remains poorly known, including the exact role of neuroglia and specifically astroglia, in part because studies of astrocytes in human Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain samples are scarce. As far as we know, this is the first study of a 3-D immunohistochemical and microstructural analysis of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)- and glutamine synthetase (GS)-positive astrocytes performed in the entorhinal cortex (EC) of human SAD and FAD samples. In this study, we report prominent atrophic changes in GFAP and GS astrocytes in the EC of both SAD and FAD characterised by a decrease in area and volume when compared with non-demented control samples (ND). Furthermore, we did not find neither astrocytic loss nor astrocyte proliferation or hypertrophy (gliosis). In contrast with the astrogliosis classically accepted hypothesis, our results show a highly marked astrocyte atrophy that could have a major relevance in AD pathological processes being fundamental and key for AD mnesic and cognitive alterations equivalent in both SAD and FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Rodríguez
- Functional Neuroanatomy Group; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48009/48940, Bilbao/Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
| | - F Zallo
- Functional Neuroanatomy Group; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48009/48940, Bilbao/Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - E Gardenal
- Functional Neuroanatomy Group; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Department of Neurosciences, Medical Faculty, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48009/48940, Bilbao/Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Joan Cabot
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain
| | - X Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122, Palma, Spain
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8
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Thakolwiboon S, Mills EA, Yang J, Doty J, Belkin MI, Cho T, Schultz C, Mao-Draayer Y. Immunosenescence and multiple sclerosis: inflammaging for prognosis and therapeutic consideration. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1234572. [PMID: 37900152 PMCID: PMC10603254 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1234572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive decline of innate and adaptive immune responses, called immunosenescence. This phenomenon links to different multiple sclerosis (MS) disease courses among different age groups. While clinical relapse and active demyelination are mainly related to the altered adaptive immunity, including invasion of T- and B-lymphocytes, impairment of innate immune cell (e.g., microglia, astrocyte) function is the main contributor to disability progression and neurodegeneration. Most patients with MS manifest the relapsing-remitting phenotype at a younger age, while progressive phenotypes are mainly seen in older patients. Current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) primarily targeting adaptive immunity are less efficacious in older patients, suggesting that immunosenescence plays a role in treatment response. This review summarizes the recent immune mechanistic studies regarding immunosenescence in patients with MS and discusses the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A. Mills
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jonathan Doty
- Michigan Institute for Neurological Disorders, Farmington Hills, MI, United States
| | - Martin I. Belkin
- Michigan Institute for Neurological Disorders, Farmington Hills, MI, United States
| | - Thomas Cho
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Charles Schultz
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yang Mao-Draayer
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Michigan Institute for Neurological Disorders, Farmington Hills, MI, United States
- Autoimmune Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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9
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Eugenín J, Eugenín-von Bernhardi L, von Bernhardi R. Age-dependent changes on fractalkine forms and their contribution to neurodegenerative diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1249320. [PMID: 37818457 PMCID: PMC10561274 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1249320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemokine fractalkine (FKN, CX3CL1), a member of the CX3C subfamily, contributes to neuron-glia interaction and the regulation of microglial cell activation. Fractalkine is expressed by neurons as a membrane-bound protein (mCX3CL1) that can be cleaved by extracellular proteases generating several sCX3CL1 forms. sCX3CL1, containing the chemokine domain, and mCX3CL1 have high affinity by their unique receptor (CX3CR1) which, physiologically, is only found in microglia, a resident immune cell of the CNS. The activation of CX3CR1contributes to survival and maturation of the neural network during development, glutamatergic synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, cognition, neuropathic pain, and inflammatory regulation in the adult brain. Indeed, the various CX3CL1 forms appear in some cases to serve an anti-inflammatory role of microglia, whereas in others, they have a pro-inflammatory role, aggravating neurological disorders. In the last decade, evidence points to the fact that sCX3CL1 and mCX3CL1 exhibit selective and differential effects on their targets. Thus, the balance in their level and activity will impact on neuron-microglia interaction. This review is focused on the description of factors determining the emergence of distinct fractalkine forms, their age-dependent changes, and how they contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Changes in the balance among various fractalkine forms may be one of the mechanisms on which converge aging, chronic CNS inflammation, and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Eugenín
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
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Van Houcke J, Mariën V, Zandecki C, Ayana R, Pepermans E, Boonen K, Seuntjens E, Baggerman G, Arckens L. A short dasatinib and quercetin treatment is sufficient to reinstate potent adult neuroregenesis in the aged killifish. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:31. [PMID: 37328477 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The young African turquoise killifish has a high regenerative capacity, but loses it with advancing age, adopting several aspects of the limited form of mammalian regeneration. We deployed a proteomic strategy to identify pathways that underpin the loss of regenerative power caused by aging. Cellular senescence stood out as a potential brake on successful neurorepair. We applied the senolytic cocktail Dasatinib and Quercetin (D + Q) to test clearance of chronic senescent cells from the aged killifish central nervous system (CNS) as well as rebooting the neurogenic output. Our results show that the entire aged killifish telencephalon holds a very high senescent cell burden, including the parenchyma and the neurogenic niches, which could be diminished by a short-term, late-onset D + Q treatment. Reactive proliferation of non-glial progenitors increased substantially and lead to restorative neurogenesis after traumatic brain injury. Our results provide a cellular mechanism for age-related regeneration resilience and a proof-of-concept of a potential therapy to revive the neurogenic potential in an already aged or diseased CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Van Houcke
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Mariën
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Zandecki
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rajagopal Ayana
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elise Pepermans
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Kurt Boonen
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Health Unit, VITO, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
- Health Unit, VITO, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - Lutgarde Arckens
- Laboratory of Neuroplasticity and Neuroproteomics, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- KU Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Villablanca C, Vidal R, Gonzalez-Billault C. Are cytoskeleton changes observed in astrocytes functionally linked to aging? Brain Res Bull 2023; 196:59-67. [PMID: 36935053 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are active participants in the performance of the Central Nervous System (CNS) in both health and disease. During aging, astrocytes are susceptible to reactive astrogliosis, a molecular state characterized by functional changes in response to pathological situations, and cellular senescence, characterized by loss of cell division, apoptosis resistance, and gain of proinflammatory functions. This results in two different states of astrocytes, which can produce proinflammatory phenotypes with harmful consequences in chronic conditions. Reactive astrocytes and senescent astrocytes share morpho-functional features that are dependent on the organization of the cytoskeleton. However, such changes in the cytoskeleton have yet to receive the necessary attention to explain their role in the alterations of astrocytes that are associated with aging and pathologies. In this review, we summarize all the available findings that connect changes in the cytoskeleton of the astrocytes with aging. In addition, we discuss future avenues that we believe will guide such a novel topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristopher Villablanca
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - René Vidal
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- Laboratory of Cell and Neuronal Dynamics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute for Nutrition and Food Technologies, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Fazeli B, Huss A, Gómez de San José N, Otto M, Tumani H, Halbgebauer S. Development of an ultrasensitive microfluidic assay for the analysis of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in blood. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1175230. [PMID: 37168256 PMCID: PMC10164994 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1175230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: A rapid and reliable detection of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in biological samples could assist in the diagnostic evaluation of neurodegenerative disorders. Sensitive assays applicable in the routine setting are needed to validate the existing GFAP tests. This study aimed to develop a highly sensitive and clinically applicable microfluidic immunoassay for the measurement of GFAP in blood. Methods: A microfluidic GFAP assay was developed and validated regarding its performance. Subsequently, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and control patients were analyzed with the established assay, and levels were compared to the commercial GFAP Simoa discovery kit. Results: The developed GFAP assay showed a good performance with a recovery of 85% of spiked GFAP in serum and assay variations below 15%. The established assay was highly sensitive with a calculated lower limit of quantification and detection of 7.21 pg/mL and 2.37 pg/mL, respectively. GFAP levels were significantly increased in AD compared to control patients with advanced age (p = 0.002). However, GFAP levels revealed no significant increase in MS compared to control patients in the same age range (p = 0.140). Furthermore, serum GFAP levels evaluated with the novel microfluidic assay strongly correlated with Simoa concentrations (r = 0.88 (95% CI: 0.81-0.93), p < 0.0001). Conclusion: We successfully developed a sensitive and easy-to-use microfluidic assay to measure GFAP in blood. Furthermore, we could confirm previous findings of elevated GFAP levels in AD by applying the assay in a cohort of clinically characterized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrieh Fazeli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - André Huss
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE e.V.), Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hayrettin Tumani
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE e.V.), Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Halbgebauer
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE e.V.), Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Steffen Halbgebauer,
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13
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Loonstra FC, de Ruiter LRJ, Koel-Simmelink MJA, Schoonheim MM, Strijbis EMM, Moraal B, Barkhof F, Uitdehaag BMJ, Teunissen C, Killestein J. Neuroaxonal and Glial Markers in Patients of the Same Age With Multiple Sclerosis. NEUROLOGY(R) NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2022; 10:10/2/e200078. [PMID: 36543540 PMCID: PMC9773420 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The specificity of novel blood biomarkers for multiple sclerosis (MS)-related neurodegeneration is unclear because neurodegeneration also occurs during normal aging. To understand which aspects of neurodegeneration the serum biomarkers neurofilament light (sNfL), serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP), and serum contactin-1 (sCNTN1) reflect, we here explore their cross-sectional association with disability outcome measures and MRI volumes in a unique cohort of people with MS (PwMS) of the same age. METHODS sNfL, sGFAP (both singe-molecule array technology) and sCNTN1 (Luminex) were measured in serum samples of 288 PwMS and 125 healthy controls (HCs) of the Project Y cohort, a population-based cross-sectional study of PwMS born in the Netherlands in 1966 and age-matched HC. RESULTS sNfL (9.83 pg/mL [interquartile range {IQR}: 7.8-12.0]) and sGFAP (63.7 pg/mL [IQR: 48.5-84.5]) were higher in PwMS compared with HC (sNfL: 8.8 pg/mL [IQR: 7.0-10.5]; sGFAP: 51.7 pg/mL [IQR: 40.1-68.3]) (p < 0.001), whereas contactin-1 (7,461.3 pg/mL [IQR: 5,951.8-9,488.6]) did not significantly differ between PwMS compared with HC (7,891.2 pg/mL [IQR: 6,120.0-10,265.8]) (p = 0.068). sNfL and sGFAP levels were 1.2-fold higher in secondary progressive patients (SPMS) compared with relapsing remitting patients (p = 0.009 and p = 0.043). Stratified by MS subtype, no relations were seen for CNTN1, whereas sNfL and sGFAP correlated with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (ρ = 0.43 and ρ = 0.39), Nine-Hole Peg Test, Timed 25-Foot Walk Test, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (average ρ = 0.38) only in patients with SPMS. Parallel to these clinical findings, correlations were only found for sNfL and sGFAP with MRI volumes. The strongest correlations were observed between sNfL and thalamic volume (ρ = -0.52) and between sGFAP with deep gray matter volume (ρ = - 0.56) in primary progressive patients. DISCUSSION In our cohort of patients of the same age, we report consistent correlations of sNfL and sGFAP with a range of metrics, especially in progressive MS, whereas contactin-1 was not related to clinical or MRI measures. This demonstrates the potential of sNfL and sGFAP as complementary biomarkers of neurodegeneration, reflected by disability, in progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor C Loonstra
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lodewijk R J de Ruiter
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marleen J A Koel-Simmelink
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Menno M Schoonheim
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bastiaan Moraal
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard M J Uitdehaag
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Teunissen
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Joep Killestein
- From the MS Center Amsterdam (F.C.L., L.R.J.R., E.M.M.S., B.M.J.U., J.K.), Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; Neurochemistry Laboratory (M.J.A.K.-S., C.T.), Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (M.M.S.), Anatomy and Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; MS Center Amsterdam (B.M., F.B.), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, The Netherlands; andQueen Square Institute of Neurology and Centre for Medical Image Computing (F.B.), University College London, United Kingdom
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14
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Gonzales MM, Wiedner C, Wang C, Liu Q, Bis JC, Li Z, Himali JJ, Ghosh S, Thomas EA, Parent DM, Kautz TF, Pase MP, Aparicio HJ, Djoussé L, Mukamal KJ, Psaty BM, Longstreth WT, Mosley TH, Gudnason V, Mbangdadji D, Lopez OL, Yaffe K, Sidney S, Bryan RN, Nasrallah IM, DeCarli CS, Beiser AS, Launer LJ, Fornage M, Tracy RP, Seshadri S, Satizabal CL. A population-based meta-analysis of circulating GFAP for cognition and dementia risk. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:1574-1585. [PMID: 36056631 PMCID: PMC9539381 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of reactive astrocytosis, colocalizes with neuropathology in the brain. Blood levels of GFAP have been associated with cognitive decline and dementia status. However, further examinations at a population-based level are necessary to broaden generalizability to community settings. METHODS Circulating GFAP levels were assayed using a Simoa HD-1 analyzer in 4338 adults without prevalent dementia from four longitudinal community-based cohort studies. The associations between GFAP levels with general cognition, total brain volume, and hippocampal volume were evaluated with separate linear regression models in each cohort with adjustment for age, sex, education, race, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive medication, body mass index, apolipoprotein E ε4 status, site, and time between GFAP blood draw and the outcome. Associations with incident all-cause and Alzheimer's disease dementia were evaluated with adjusted Cox proportional hazard models. Meta-analysis was performed on the estimates derived from each cohort using random-effects models. RESULTS Meta-analyses indicated that higher circulating GFAP associated with lower general cognition (ß = -0.09, [95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.15 to -0.03], p = 0.005), but not with total brain or hippocampal volume (p > 0.05). However, each standard deviation unit increase in log-transformed GFAP levels was significantly associated with a 2.5-fold higher risk of incident all-cause dementia (Hazard Ratio [HR]: 2.47 (95% CI: 1.52-4.01)) and Alzheimer's disease dementia (HR: 2.54 [95% CI: 1.42-4.53]) over up to 15-years of follow-up. INTERPRETATION Results support the potential role of circulating GFAP levels for aiding dementia risk prediction and improving clinical trial stratification in community settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi M. Gonzales
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Crystal Wiedner
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Chen‐Pin Wang
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Geriatric ResearchEducation & Clinical CenterSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Joshua C. Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Zhiguang Li
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jayandra J. Himali
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Saptaparni Ghosh
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Emy A. Thomas
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Danielle M. Parent
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biochemistry, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Tiffany F. Kautz
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
| | - Matthew P. Pase
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental HealthMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hugo J. Aparicio
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Mukamal
- Department of MedicineBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research UnitUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of Health Systems and Population HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - William T. Longstreth
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- The MIND CenterUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterJacksonMississippiUSA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association Research InstituteKópavogurIceland
- Department of CardiologyUniversity of IcelandReykjavikIceland
| | - Djass Mbangdadji
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Oscar L. Lopez
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- San Francisco VA Medical CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Stephen Sidney
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Center ProgramOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - R. Nick Bryan
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ilya M. Nasrallah
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Alexa S. Beiser
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, and Biochemistry, Larner College of MedicineUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVermontUSA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Claudia L. Satizabal
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexasUSA
- The Framingham Heart StudyFraminghamMassachusettsUSA
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15
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Łuc M, Woźniak M, Rymaszewska J. Neuroinflammation in Dementia—Therapeutic Directions in a COVID-19 Pandemic Setting. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192959. [PMID: 36230921 PMCID: PMC9562181 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dementia is a heterogenous group of diseases, inflammation has been shown to play a central role in all of them and provides a common link in their pathology. This review aims to highlight the importance of immune response in the most common types of dementia. We describe molecular aspects of pro-inflammatory signaling and sources of inflammatory activation in the human organism, including a novel infectious agent, SARS-CoV-2. The role of glial cells in neuroinflammation, as well as potential therapeutic approaches, are then discussed. Peripheral immune response and increased cytokine production, including an early surge in TNF and IL-1β concentrations activate glia, leading to aggravation of neuroinflammation and dysfunction of neurons during COVID-19. Lifestyle factors, such as diet, have a large impact on future cognitive outcomes and should be included as a crucial intervention in dementia prevention. While the use of NSAIDs is not recommended due to inconclusive results on their efficacy and risk of side effects, the studies focused on the use of TNF antagonists as the more specific target in neuroinflammation are still very limited. It is still unknown, to what degree neuroinflammation resulting from COVID-19 may affect neurodegenerative process and cognitive functioning in the long term with ongoing reports of chronic post-COVID complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Łuc
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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16
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Yang Z, Arja RD, Zhu T, Sarkis GA, Patterson RL, Romo P, Rathore DS, Moghieb A, Abbatiello S, Robertson CS, Haskins WE, Kobeissy F, Wang KKW. Characterization of Calpain and Caspase-6-Generated Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Breakdown Products Following Traumatic Brain Injury and Astroglial Cell Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8960. [PMID: 36012232 PMCID: PMC9409281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the major intermediate filament III protein of astroglia cells which is upregulated in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here we reported that GFAP is truncated at both the C- and N-terminals by cytosolic protease calpain to GFAP breakdown products (GBDP) of 46-40K then 38K following pro-necrotic (A23187) and pro-apoptotic (staurosporine) challenges to primary cultured astroglia or neuron-glia mixed cells. In addition, with another pro-apoptotic challenge (EDTA) where caspases are activated but not calpain, GFAP was fragmented internally, generating a C-terminal GBDP of 20 kDa. Following controlled cortical impact in mice, GBDP of 46-40K and 38K were formed from day 3 to 28 post-injury. Purified GFAP protein treated with calpain-1 and -2 generates (i) major N-terminal cleavage sites at A-56*A-61 and (ii) major C-terminal cleavage sites at T-383*Q-388, producing a limit fragment of 38K. Caspase-6 treated GFAP was cleaved at D-78/R-79 and D-225/A-226, where GFAP was relatively resistant to caspase-3. We also derived a GBDP-38K N-terminal-specific antibody which only labels injured astroglia cell body in both cultured astroglia and mouse cortex and hippocampus after TBI. As a clinical translation, we observed that CSF samples collected from severe human TBI have elevated levels of GBDP-38K as well as two C-terminally released GFAP peptides (DGEVIKES and DGEVIKE). Thus, in addition to intact GFAP, both the GBDP-38K as well as unique GFAP released C-terminal proteolytic peptides species might have the potential in tracking brain injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rawad Daniel Arja
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tian Zhu
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - George Anis Sarkis
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division/Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Robert Logan Patterson
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Pammela Romo
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Disa S. Rathore
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ahmed Moghieb
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- National Laboratory, Biological Sciences Division/Integrative Omics, Pacific Northwest, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Susan Abbatiello
- The Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - William E. Haskins
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kevin K. W. Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Departments of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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de Siqueira Mendes FDCC, de Almeida MNF, Falsoni M, Andrade MLF, Felício APG, da Paixão LTVB, Júnior FLDA, Anthony DC, Brites D, Diniz CWP, Sosthenes MCK. The Sedentary Lifestyle and Masticatory Dysfunction: Time to Review the Contribution to Age-Associated Cognitive Decline and Astrocyte Morphotypes in the Dentate Gyrus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116342. [PMID: 35683023 PMCID: PMC9180988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As aging and cognitive decline progresses, the impact of a sedentary lifestyle on the appearance of environment-dependent cellular morphologies in the brain becomes more apparent. Sedentary living is also associated with poor oral health, which is known to correlate with the rate of cognitive decline. Here, we will review the evidence for the interplay between mastication and environmental enrichment and assess the impact of each on the structure of the brain. In previous studies, we explored the relationship between behavior and the morphological features of dentate gyrus glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive astrocytes during aging in contrasting environments and in the context of induced masticatory dysfunction. Hierarchical cluster and discriminant analysis of GFAP-positive astrocytes from the dentate gyrus molecular layer revealed that the proportion of AST1 (astrocyte arbors with greater complexity phenotype) and AST2 (lower complexity) are differentially affected by environment, aging and masticatory dysfunction, but the relationship is not straightforward. Here we re-evaluated our previous reconstructions by comparing dorsal and ventral astrocyte morphologies in the dentate gyrus, and we found that morphological complexity was the variable that contributed most to cluster formation across the experimental groups. In general, reducing masticatory activity increases astrocyte morphological complexity, and the effect is most marked in the ventral dentate gyrus, whereas the effect of environment was more marked in the dorsal dentate gyrus. All morphotypes retained their basic structural organization in intact tissue, suggesting that they are subtypes with a non-proliferative astrocyte profile. In summary, the increased complexity of astrocytes in situations where neuronal loss and behavioral deficits are present is counterintuitive, but highlights the need to better understand the role of the astrocyte in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola de Carvalho Chaves de Siqueira Mendes
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.d.S.M.); (M.N.F.d.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.F.A.); (A.P.G.F.); (L.T.V.B.d.P.); (F.L.d.A.J.); (C.W.P.D.)
- Curso de Medicina, Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará, Belém 66613-903, PA, Brazil
| | - Marina Negrão Frota de Almeida
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.d.S.M.); (M.N.F.d.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.F.A.); (A.P.G.F.); (L.T.V.B.d.P.); (F.L.d.A.J.); (C.W.P.D.)
| | - Manoela Falsoni
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.d.S.M.); (M.N.F.d.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.F.A.); (A.P.G.F.); (L.T.V.B.d.P.); (F.L.d.A.J.); (C.W.P.D.)
| | - Marcia Lorena Ferreira Andrade
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.d.S.M.); (M.N.F.d.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.F.A.); (A.P.G.F.); (L.T.V.B.d.P.); (F.L.d.A.J.); (C.W.P.D.)
| | - André Pinheiro Gurgel Felício
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.d.S.M.); (M.N.F.d.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.F.A.); (A.P.G.F.); (L.T.V.B.d.P.); (F.L.d.A.J.); (C.W.P.D.)
| | - Luisa Taynah Vasconcelos Barbosa da Paixão
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.d.S.M.); (M.N.F.d.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.F.A.); (A.P.G.F.); (L.T.V.B.d.P.); (F.L.d.A.J.); (C.W.P.D.)
| | - Fábio Leite do Amaral Júnior
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.d.S.M.); (M.N.F.d.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.F.A.); (A.P.G.F.); (L.T.V.B.d.P.); (F.L.d.A.J.); (C.W.P.D.)
| | - Daniel Clive Anthony
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK;
| | - Dora Brites
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristovam Wanderley Picanço Diniz
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.d.S.M.); (M.N.F.d.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.F.A.); (A.P.G.F.); (L.T.V.B.d.P.); (F.L.d.A.J.); (C.W.P.D.)
| | - Marcia Consentino Kronka Sosthenes
- Laboratório de Investigações em Neurodegeneração e Infecção, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil; (F.d.C.C.d.S.M.); (M.N.F.d.A.); (M.F.); (M.L.F.A.); (A.P.G.F.); (L.T.V.B.d.P.); (F.L.d.A.J.); (C.W.P.D.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Manouchehri N, Salinas VH, Rabi Yeganeh N, Pitt D, Hussain RZ, Stuve O. Efficacy of Disease Modifying Therapies in Progressive MS and How Immune Senescence May Explain Their Failure. Front Neurol 2022; 13:854390. [PMID: 35432156 PMCID: PMC9009145 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.854390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of disease modifying therapies (DMT) in the past two decades has been the cornerstone of successful clinical management of multiple sclerosis (MS). Despite the great strides made in reducing the relapse frequency and occurrence of new signal changes on neuroimaging in patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) by approved DMT, it has been challenging to demonstrate their effectiveness in non-active secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and primary progressive MS (PPMS) disease phenotypes. The dichotomy of DMT effectiveness between RRMS and progressive MS informs on distinct pathogeneses of the different MS phenotypes. Conversely, factors that render patients with progressive MS resistant to therapy are not understood. Thus far, age has emerged as the main correlate of the transition from RRMS to SPMS. Whether it is aging and age-related factors or the underlying immune senescence that qualitatively alter immune responses as the disease transitions to SPMS, that diminish DMT effectiveness, or both, is currently not known. Here, we will discuss the role of immune senescence on different arms of the immune system, and how it may explain relative DMT resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Manouchehri
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Victor H. Salinas
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Negar Rabi Yeganeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - David Pitt
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Rehana Z. Hussain
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Olaf Stuve
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Neurology Section, VA North Texas Health Care System, Medical Service Dallas, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Olaf Stuve
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19
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Bouvier DS, Fixemer S, Heurtaux T, Jeannelle F, Frauenknecht KBM, Mittelbronn M. The Multifaceted Neurotoxicity of Astrocytes in Ageing and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Translational Perspective. Front Physiol 2022; 13:814889. [PMID: 35370777 PMCID: PMC8969602 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.814889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In a healthy physiological context, astrocytes are multitasking cells contributing to central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, defense, and immunity. In cell culture or rodent models of age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), numerous studies have shown that astrocytes can adopt neurotoxic phenotypes that could enhance disease progression. Chronic inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, unbalanced phagocytosis, or alteration of their core physiological roles are the main manifestations of their detrimental states. However, if astrocytes are directly involved in brain deterioration by exerting neurotoxic functions in patients with NDDs is still controversial. The large spectrum of NDDs, with often overlapping pathologies, and the technical challenges associated with the study of human brain samples complexify the analysis of astrocyte involvement in specific neurodegenerative cascades. With this review, we aim to provide a translational overview about the multi-facets of astrocyte neurotoxicity ranging from in vitro findings over mouse and human cell-based studies to rodent NDDs research and finally evidence from patient-related research. We also discuss the role of ageing in astrocytes encompassing changes in physiology and response to pathologic stimuli and how this may prime detrimental responses in NDDs. To conclude, we discuss how potentially therapeutic strategies could be adopted to alleviate or reverse astrocytic toxicity and their potential to impact neurodegeneration and dementia progression in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Bouvier
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: David S. Bouvier,
| | - Sonja Fixemer
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Tony Heurtaux
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Félicia Jeannelle
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Katrin B. M. Frauenknecht
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- National Center of Pathology (NCP), Laboratoire National de Santé (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg (UL), Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Center of Neuropathology (LCNP), Dudelange, Luxembourg
- Department of Cancer Research (DOCR), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology, and Medicine (FSTM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine (DLSM), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Michel Mittelbronn,
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Katsipis G, Tzekaki EE, Tsolaki M, Pantazaki AA. Salivary GFAP as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease and its correlation with neuroinflammation and apoptosis. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 361:577744. [PMID: 34655990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is the main constituent of the astrocytic cytoskeleton, overexpressed during reactive astrogliosis-a hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). GFAP and established biomarkers of neurodegeneration, inflammation, and apoptosis have been determined in the saliva of amnestic-single-domain Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (Ν = 20), AD (Ν = 20) patients, and cognitively healthy Controls (Ν = 20). Salivary GFAP levels were found significantly decreased in MCI and AD patients and were proven an excellent biomarker for discriminating Controls from MCI or AD patients. GFAP levels correlate with studied biomarkers and Aβ42, IL-1β, and caspase-8 are its main predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katsipis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elena E Tzekaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Magda Tsolaki
- First Neurology Department, "AHEPA" University General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Greek Association of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders - GAADRD, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases (LND), 57001 Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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21
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Yagita K, Honda H, Ohara T, Hamasaki H, Koyama S, Noguchi H, Mihara A, Nakazawa T, Hata J, Ninomiya T, Iwaki T. A Comparative Study of Site-Specific Distribution of Aging-Related Tau Astrogliopathy and Its Risk Factors Between Alzheimer Disease and Cognitive Healthy Brains: The Hisayama Study. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 81:106-116. [PMID: 34875089 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of aging-related tau astrogliopathy (ARTAG) in healthy elderly individuals remains incomplete and studies to date have not focused on the olfactory nerve, which is a vulnerable site of various neurodegenerative disease pathologies. We performed a semiquantitative evaluation of ARTAG in 110 autopsies in the Japanese general population (Hisayama study). Our analysis focused on Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitive healthy cases (HC), including primary age-related tauopathy. Among the various diseased and nondiseased brains, ARTAG was frequently observed in the amygdala. The ARTAG of HC was exclusively limited to the amygdala whereas gray matter ARTAG in AD cases was prominent in the putamen and middle frontal gyrus following the amygdala. ARTAG of the olfactory nerve mainly consists of subpial pathology that was milder in the amygdala. A logistic regression analysis revealed that age at death and neurofibrillary tangle Braak stage significantly affected the ARTAG of HC. In AD, age at death and male gender had significant effects on ARTAG. In addition, the Thal phase significantly affected the presence of white matter ARTAG. In conclusion, our research revealed differences in the distribution of ARTAG and affected variables across AD and HC individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Yagita
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Tomoyuki Ohara
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Hideomi Hamasaki
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Sachiko Koyama
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Hideko Noguchi
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Akane Mihara
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Taro Nakazawa
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Jun Hata
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
| | - Toru Iwaki
- From the Department of Neuropathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (KY, HHo, HHa, SK, HN, TI); Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TO, AM, TNa, JH, TNi); Department of Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH, TNi); and Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (JH)
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Tang H, Harte M. Investigating Markers of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in Alzheimer's Disease: A Human Post-Mortem Study. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111753. [PMID: 34828359 PMCID: PMC8622528 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory mechanisms with glial cell activation have been implicated in the pathogenic process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is an essential component of the neuroinflammatory response. A role for NLRP3 activation in AD is supported by both in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies with little direct investigation of AD brain tissue. RNA expression of genes of three glial cell markers, HLA-DRA, AIF-1 and GFAP; the components of the NLRP3 inflammasome NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1; and downstream pre-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 β and IL-18, were investigated in the temporal cortex of AD patients and age- and sex-matched controls. Protein expression of GFAP was also assessed. Increases in both mRNA and protein expression were observed for GFAP in AD. There were no significant changes in other NLRP3 activation markers between groups. Our results indicate the involvement of astrocyte activation in AD, particularly in more severe patients. We found no evidence for the specific involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Michael Harte
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
- Correspondence:
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Kiris I, Skalicka-Wozniak K, Basar MK, Sahin B, Gurel B, Baykal AT. Molecular Effects of Pteryxin and Scopoletin in the 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2937-2950. [PMID: 34455957 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210827152914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent diseases with rapidly increasing numbers, but there is still no medication to treat or stop the disease. Previous data on coumarins suggests that scopoletin may have potential benefits in AD. OBJECTIVE Evaluate the therapeutic potential of the coumarins with natural origin - scopoletin and pteryxin in a 5xFAD mouse model of AD Methods: Both compounds were administered at two doses to 12-month-old mice, which represent severe AD pathology. The effects of coumarins were assessed on cognition in mouse experiments. Changes in the overall brain proteome were evaluated using LC-MS/MS analyses. RESULTS The Morris water maze test implicated that a higher dose of pteryxin (16 mg/kg) significantly improved learning, and the proteome analysis showed pronounced changes of specific proteins upon pteryxin administration. The amyloid-β precursor protein, glial fibrillary acid protein, and apolipoprotein E protein which are highly associated with AD, were among the differentially expressed proteins at the higher dose of the pteryxin. CONCLUSION Overall, pteryxin may be evaluated further as a disease-modifying agent in AD pathology in the late stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kiris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | | | - Merve Karayel Basar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Betul Sahin
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, R&D Center, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Busra Gurel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul. Turkey
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24
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Pannese E. Quantitative, structural and molecular changes in neuroglia of aging mammals: A review. Eur J Histochem 2021; 65. [PMID: 34346664 PMCID: PMC8239453 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2021.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroglia of the central and peripheral nervous systems undergo numerous changes during normal aging. Astrocytes become hypertrophic and accumulate intermediate filaments. Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells undergo alterations that are often accompanied by degenerative changes to the myelin sheath. In microglia, proliferation in response to injury, motility of cell processes, ability to migrate to sites of neural injury, and phagocytic and autophagic capabilities are reduced. In sensory ganglia, the number and extent of gaps between perineuronal satellite cells – that leave the surfaces of sensory ganglion neurons directly exposed to basal lamina – increase significantly. The molecular profiles of neuroglia also change in old age, which, in view of the interactions between neurons and neuroglia, have negative consequences for important physiological processes in the nervous system. Since neuroglia actively participate in numerous nervous system processes, it is likely that not only neurons but also neuroglia will prove to be useful targets for interventions to prevent, reverse or slow the behavioral changes and cognitive decline that often accompany senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Pannese
- Emeritus, Full Professor of Normal Human Anatomy and Neurocytology at the University of Milan.
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25
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Kiris I, Basar MK, Sahin B, Gurel B, Coskun J, Mroczek T, Baykal AT. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effect of Lycoramine on Alzheimer's Disease in Mouse Model. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3449-3473. [PMID: 33200692 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999201116193126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is one of the leading health problems characterized by the accumulation of Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau that account for the senile plaque formations causing extensive cognitive decline. Many of the clinical diagnoses of Alzheimer's disease are made in the late stages, when the pathological changes have already progressed. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the promising therapeutic effects of a natural compound, lycoramine, which has been shown to have therapeutic potential in several studies and to understand its mechanism of action on the molecular level via differential protein expression analyses. METHODS Lycoramine and galantamine, an FDA approved drug used in the treatment of mild to moderate AD, were administered to 12 month-old 5xFAD mice. Effects of the compounds were investigated by Morris water maze, immunohistochemistry and label- free differential protein expression analyses. RESULTS Here we demonstrated the reversal of cognitive decline via behavioral testing and the clearance of Aβ plaques. Proteomics analysis provided in-depth information on the statistically significant protein perturbations in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum sections to hypothesize the possible clearance mechanisms of the plaque formation and the molecular mechanism of the reversal of cognitive decline in a transgenic mouse model. Bioinformatics analyses showed altered molecular pathways that can be linked with the reversal of cognitive decline observed after lycoramine administration but not with galantamine. CONCLUSION Lycoramine shows therapeutic potential to halt and reverse cognitive decline at the late stages of disease progression, and holds great promise for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Kiris
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Karayel Basar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Sahin
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Gurel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julide Coskun
- Acibadem Labmed Clinical Laboratories, R&D Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ahmet Tarik Baykal
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Spanos F, Liddelow SA. An Overview of Astrocyte Responses in Genetically Induced Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. Cells 2020; 9:E2415. [PMID: 33158189 PMCID: PMC7694249 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Despite many years of intense research, there is currently still no effective treatment. Multiple cell types contribute to disease pathogenesis, with an increasing body of data pointing to the active participation of astrocytes. Astrocytes play a pivotal role in the physiology and metabolic functions of neurons and other cells in the central nervous system. Because of their interactions with other cell types, astrocyte functions must be understood in their biologic context, thus many studies have used mouse models, of which there are over 190 available for AD research. However, none appear able to fully recapitulate the many functional changes in astrocytes reported in human AD brains. Our review summarizes the observations of astrocyte biology noted in mouse models of familial and sporadic AD. The limitations of AD mouse models will be discussed and current attempts to overcome these disadvantages will be described. With increasing understanding of the non-neuronal contributions to disease, the development of new methods and models will provide further insights and address important questions regarding the roles of astrocytes and other non-neuronal cells in AD pathophysiology. The next decade will prove to be full of exciting opportunities to address this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fokion Spanos
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Shane A. Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Turati J, Ramírez D, Carniglia L, Saba J, Caruso C, Quarleri J, Durand D, Lasaga M. Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of mGlu3 receptor activation on astrocytes aged in vitro. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104837. [PMID: 32858088 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes play a key role by providing antioxidant support to nearby neurons under oxidative stress. We have previously demonstrated that in vitro astroglial subtype 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu3R) is neuroprotective. However, its role during aging has been poorly explored. Our study aimed to determine whether LY379268, an mGlu3R agonist, exerts an antioxidant effect on aged cultured rat astrocytes. Aged cultured astrocytes obtained after 9-weeks (9w) in vitro were positive for β-galactosidase stain, showed decreased mGlu3R and glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, while nuclear erythroid factor 2 (Nrf2) protein levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis were increased. Treatment of 9w astrocytes with LY379268 resulted in an increase in mGlu3R and Nrf2 protein levels and SOD activity, and decreased mitochondrial ROS levels and apoptosis. mGlu3R activation in aged astrocytes also prevented hippocampal neuronal death induced by Aβ1-42 in co-culture assays. We conclude that activation of mGlu3R in aged astrocytes had an anti-oxidant effect and protected hippocampal neurons against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. The present study suggests mGlu3R activation in aging astrocytes as a therapeutic strategy to slow down age-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Turati
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Delia Ramírez
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lila Carniglia
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Saba
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Caruso
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Quarleri
- INBIRS - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Durand
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- INBIOMED - Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UBA-CONICET, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Type III intermediate filaments as targets and effectors of electrophiles and oxidants. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101582. [PMID: 32711378 PMCID: PMC7381704 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments (IFs) play key roles in cell mechanics, signaling and homeostasis. Their assembly and dynamics are finely regulated by posttranslational modifications. The type III IFs, vimentin, desmin, peripherin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), are targets for diverse modifications by oxidants and electrophiles, for which their conserved cysteine residue emerges as a hot spot. Pathophysiological examples of these modifications include lipoxidation in cell senescence and rheumatoid arthritis, disulfide formation in cataracts and nitrosation in endothelial shear stress, although some oxidative modifications can also be detected under basal conditions. We previously proposed that cysteine residues of vimentin and GFAP act as sensors for oxidative and electrophilic stress, and as hinges influencing filament assembly. Accumulating evidence indicates that the structurally diverse cysteine modifications, either per se or in combination with other posttranslational modifications, elicit specific functional outcomes inducing distinct assemblies or network rearrangements, including filament stabilization, bundling or fragmentation. Cysteine-deficient mutants are protected from these alterations but show compromised cellular performance in network assembly and expansion, organelle positioning and aggresome formation, revealing the importance of this residue. Therefore, the high susceptibility to modification of the conserved cysteine of type III IFs and its cornerstone position in filament architecture sustains their role in redox sensing and integration of cellular responses. This has deep pathophysiological implications and supports the potential of this residue as a drug target. Type III intermediate filaments can be modified by many oxidants and electrophiles. Oxidative modifications of type III IFs occur in normal and pathological conditions. The conserved cysteine residue acts as a hub for redox/electrophilic modifications. Cysteine modifications elicit structure-dependent type III IF rearrangements. Type III intermediate filaments act as sensors for oxidative and electrophilic stress.
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Han X, Zhang T, Liu H, Mi Y, Gou X. Astrocyte Senescence and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:148. [PMID: 32581763 PMCID: PMC7297132 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are the largest group of glial cells in the brain and participate in several essential functions of the central nervous system (CNS). Disruption of their normal physiological function can lead to metabolism disequilibrium and the pathology of CNS. As an important mechanism of aging, cellular senescence has been considered as a primary inducing factor of age-associated neurodegenerative disorders. Senescent astrocytes showed decreased normal physiological function and increased secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, which contribute to Aβ accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and the deposition of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Astrocyte senescence also leads to a number of detrimental effects, including induced glutamate excitotoxicity, impaired synaptic plasticity, neural stem cell loss, and blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. In this review article, we have summarized the growing findings regarding astrocyte senescence and its putative role in the pathologic progress of AD. Additionally, we also focus on the significance of targeting astrocyte senescence as a novel and feasible therapeutic approach for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Han
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianying Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajing Mi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Long-Term Dabigatran Treatment Delays Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis in the TgCRND8 Mouse Model. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 74:1910-1923. [PMID: 31601371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder with important vascular and hemostatic alterations that should be taken into account during diagnosis and treatment. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates whether anticoagulation with dabigatran, a clinically approved oral direct thrombin inhibitor with a low risk of intracerebral hemorrhage, ameliorates AD pathogenesis in a transgenic mouse model of AD. METHODS TgCRND8 AD mice and their wild-type littermates were treated for 1 year with dabigatran etexilate or placebo. Cognition was evaluated using the Barnes maze, and cerebral perfusion was examined by arterial spin labeling. At the molecular level, Western blot and histochemical analyses were performed to analyze fibrin content, amyloid burden, neuroinflammatory activity, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. RESULTS Anticoagulation with dabigatran prevented memory decline, cerebral hypoperfusion, and toxic fibrin deposition in the AD mouse brain. In addition, long-term dabigatran treatment significantly reduced the extent of amyloid plaques, oligomers, phagocytic microglia, and infiltrated T cells by 23.7%, 51.8%, 31.3%, and 32.2%, respectively. Dabigatran anticoagulation also prevented AD-related astrogliosis and pericyte alterations, and maintained expression of the water channel aquaporin-4 at astrocytic perivascular endfeet of the BBB. CONCLUSIONS Long-term anticoagulation with dabigatran inhibited thrombin and the formation of occlusive thrombi in AD; preserved cognition, cerebral perfusion, and BBB function; and ameliorated neuroinflammation and amyloid deposition in AD mice. Our results open a field for future investigation on whether the use of direct oral anticoagulants might be of therapeutic value in AD.
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Abbink MR, Kotah JM, Hoeijmakers L, Mak A, Yvon-Durocher G, van der Gaag B, Lucassen PJ, Korosi A. Characterization of astrocytes throughout life in wildtype and APP/PS1 mice after early-life stress exposure. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:91. [PMID: 32197653 PMCID: PMC7083036 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early-life stress (ES) is an emerging risk factor for later life development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We have previously shown that ES modulates amyloid-beta pathology and the microglial response to it in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model. Because astrocytes are key players in the pathogenesis of AD, we studied here if and how ES affects astrocytes in wildtype (WT) and APP/PS1 mice and how these relate to the previously reported amyloid pathology and microglial profile. Methods We induced ES by limiting nesting and bedding material from postnatal days (P) 2–9. We studied in WT mice (at P9, P30, and 6 months) and in APP/PS1 mice (at 4 and 10 months) (i) GFAP coverage, cell density, and complexity in hippocampus (HPC) and entorhinal cortex (EC); (ii) hippocampal gene expression of astrocyte markers; and (iii) the relationship between astrocyte, microglia, and amyloid markers. Results In WT mice, ES increased GFAP coverage in HPC subregions at P9 and decreased it at 10 months. APP/PS1 mice at 10 months exhibited both individual cell as well as clustered GFAP signals. APP/PS1 mice when compared to WT exhibited reduced total GFAP coverage in HPC, which is increased in the EC, while coverage of the clustered GFAP signal in the HPC was increased and accompanied by increased expression of several astrocytic genes. While measured astrocytic parameters in APP/PS1 mice appear not be further modulated by ES, analyzing these in the context of ES-induced alterations to amyloid pathology and microglial shows alterations at both 4 and 10 months of age. Conclusions Our data suggest that ES leads to alterations to the astrocytic response to amyloid-β pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maralinde R Abbink
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janssen M Kotah
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Hoeijmakers
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aline Mak
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Genevieve Yvon-Durocher
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van der Gaag
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aniko Korosi
- Brain Plasticity Group, Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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López-González I, Tebé Cordomí C, Ferrer I. Regional Gene Expression of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Responses Does Not Predict Neurodegeneration in Aging. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2020; 76:135-150. [PMID: 28158670 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlw117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aging is accompanied by increased oxidative stress and what has been termed "neuroinflammation," which might contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We analyzed expression in the transcription of innate inflammatory response genes in eleven representative regions including frontal, parietal, inferior temporal, cingulate, occipital, entorhinal cortex, caudate, putamen, thalamus, substantia nigra, and cerebellar vermis in aging human brains. We probed members of the complement system, colony stimulating factor receptors, toll-like receptors, and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the brains of subjects with no neurological disease and neurofibrillary tangles (mean age: 47.1 ± 5.7 years) and those with no neurological disease and neurofibrillary pathology stages I-II (mean age: 70.6 ± 6.3 years). Although the entorhinal and frontal cortex were most altered, gene regulation patterns did not match regions with increased vulnerability. Analysis of false discovery rate thresholds revealed no differences for any gene in any region between the 2 groups, including cases in which individual comparisons analyzed using Student t or nonparametric tests showed apparent differences between groups. Moreover, gene expression of major anti-oxidative stress responses did not match neuroinflammation in aging or increased regional susceptibility to major neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene López-González
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital (IL-G, IF); Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IL-G, CTC, IF); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili University, Reus (CTC); Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IF); Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona (IF); and CIBERNED (Biomedical Research Center Network for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain (IF)
| | - Cristian Tebé Cordomí
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital (IL-G, IF); Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IL-G, CTC, IF); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili University, Reus (CTC); Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IF); Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona (IF); and CIBERNED (Biomedical Research Center Network for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain (IF)
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- From the Institute of Neuropathology, Service of Pathologic Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital (IL-G, IF); Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IL-G, CTC, IF); Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Rovira i Virgili University, Reus (CTC); Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (IF); Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona (IF); and CIBERNED (Biomedical Research Center Network for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain (IF)
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Abstract
Aging brain becomes susceptible to neurodegenerative diseases due to the shifting of microglia and astrocyte phenotypes to an active “pro-inflammatory” state, causing chronic low-grade neuroinflammation. Despite the fact that the role of neuroinflammation during aging has been extensively studied in recent years, the underlying causes remain unclear. The identification of relevant proteins and understanding their potential roles in neuroinflammation can help explain their potential of becoming biomarkers in the aging brain and as drug targets for prevention and treatment. This will eventually reduce the chances of developing neurodegenerative diseases and promote healthier lives in the elderly. In this review, we have summarized the morphological and cellular changes in the aging brain, the effects of age-related neuroinflammation, and the potential role of cofilin-1 during neuroinflammation. We also discuss other factors contributing to brain aging and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amsha S Alsegiani
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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Abdelkarim D, Zhao Y, Turner MP, Sivakolundu DK, Lu H, Rypma B. A neural-vascular complex of age-related changes in the human brain: Anatomy, physiology, and implications for neurocognitive aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:927-944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cohen J, Torres C. Astrocyte senescence: Evidence and significance. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12937. [PMID: 30815970 PMCID: PMC6516680 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes participate in numerous aspects of central nervous system (CNS) physiology ranging from ion balance to metabolism, and disruption of their physiological roles can therefore be a contributor to CNS dysfunction and pathology. Cellular senescence, one of the mechanisms of aging, has been proposed as a central component of the age dependency of neurodegenerative disorders. Cumulative evidence supports an integral role of astrocytes in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disease and cognitive decline with aging. The loss of astrocyte function or the gain of neuroinflammatory function as a result of cellular senescence could have profound implications for the aging brain and neurodegenerative disorders, and we propose the term “astrosenescence” to describe this phenotype. This review summarizes the current evidence pertaining to astrocyte senescence from early evidence, in vitro characterization and relationship to age‐related neurodegenerative disease. We discuss the significance of targeting senescent astrocytes as a novel approach toward therapies for age‐associated neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Claudio Torres
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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36
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Astrocyte activation and altered metabolism in normal aging, age-related CNS diseases, and HAND. J Neurovirol 2019; 25:722-733. [PMID: 30671779 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-019-00721-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes regulate local cerebral blood flow, maintain ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, provide metabolic support, regulate synaptic activity, and respond to brain injury, insults, and infection. Because of their abundance, extensive connectivity, and multiple roles in the brain, astrocytes are intimately involved in normal functioning of the CNS and their dysregulation can lead to neuronal dysfunction. In normal aging, decreased biological functioning and reduced cognitive abilities are commonly experienced in individuals free of overt neurological disease. Moreover, in several age-related CNS diseases, chronic inflammation and altered metabolism have been reported. Since people with HIV (PWH) are reported to experience rapid aging with chronic inflammation, altered brain metabolism is likely to be exacerbated. In fact, many studies report altered metabolism in astrocytes in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and HIV. This review will address the roles of astrocyte activation and altered metabolism in normal aging, in age-related CNS disease, and in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.
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37
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Cassé F, Richetin K, Toni N. Astrocytes' Contribution to Adult Neurogenesis in Physiology and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:432. [PMID: 30538622 PMCID: PMC6277517 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is one of the most drastic forms of brain plasticity in adulthood and there is a growing body of evidence showing that, in the hippocampus, this process contributes to mechanisms of memory as well as depression. Interestingly, adult neurogenesis is tightly regulated by the neurogenic niche, which provides a structural and molecular scaffold for stem cell proliferation and the differentiation and functional integration of new neurons. In this review, we highlight the role of astrocytes in the regulation of adult neurogenesis in the context of cognitive function. We also discuss how the changes in astrocytes function may dysregulate adult neurogenesis and contribute to cognitive impairment in the context of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Cassé
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Richetin
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Toni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Serum GFAP as a biomarker for disease severity in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14798. [PMID: 30287870 PMCID: PMC6172254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
While neurofilament light chain (NfL) measurement in serum is a well-established marker of neuroaxonal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS), data on astroglial markers in serum are missing. In our study, glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) and NfL were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of MS patients and patients with other non-inflammatory neurological diseases (OND) using the Simoa technology. Clinical data like age, gender, expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and MRI findings were correlated to neurochemical markers. We included 80 MS patients: 42 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 38 progressive MS (PMS), as well as 20 OND. Serum GFAP levels were higher in PMS compared to RRMS and OND (p < 0.001, p = 0.02 respectively). Serum GFAP levels correlated with disease severity in the whole MS group and PMS (Spearman-rho = 0.5, p < 0.001 in both groups). Serum GFAP correlated with serum NfL in PMS patients (Spearman-rho = 0.4, p = 0.01). Levels of serum GFAP were higher with increasing MRI-lesion count (p = 0.01). in summary, we report elevated levels of GFAP in the serum of MS patients. Since serum levels of GFAP correlate with the clinical severity scores and MRI lesion count, especially in PMS patients, it might be a suitable disease progression marker.
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39
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Abstract
The decline of cognitive function occurs with aging, but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. Astrocytes instruct the formation, maturation, and elimination of synapses, and impairment of these functions has been implicated in many diseases. These findings raise the question of whether astrocyte dysfunction could contribute to cognitive decline in aging. We used the Bac-Trap method to perform RNA sequencing of astrocytes from different brain regions across the lifespan of the mouse. We found that astrocytes have region-specific transcriptional identities that change with age in a region-dependent manner. We validated our findings using fluorescence in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR. Detailed analysis of the differentially expressed genes in aging revealed that aged astrocytes take on a reactive phenotype of neuroinflammatory A1-like reactive astrocytes. Hippocampal and striatal astrocytes up-regulated a greater number of reactive astrocyte genes compared with cortical astrocytes. Moreover, aged brains formed many more A1 reactive astrocytes in response to the neuroinflammation inducer lipopolysaccharide. We found that the aging-induced up-regulation of reactive astrocyte genes was significantly reduced in mice lacking the microglial-secreted cytokines (IL-1α, TNF, and C1q) known to induce A1 reactive astrocyte formation, indicating that microglia promote astrocyte activation in aging. Since A1 reactive astrocytes lose the ability to carry out their normal functions, produce complement components, and release a toxic factor which kills neurons and oligodendrocytes, the aging-induced up-regulation of reactive genes by astrocytes could contribute to the cognitive decline in vulnerable brain regions in normal aging and contribute to the greater vulnerability of the aged brain to injury.
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40
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Santoro A, Spinelli CC, Martucciello S, Nori SL, Capunzo M, Puca AA, Ciaglia E. Innate immunity and cellular senescence: The good and the bad in the developmental and aged brain. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 103:509-524. [PMID: 29389023 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr0118-003r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing studies evidence cellular senescence in undifferentiated and specialized cells from tissues of all ages. Although it is believed that senescence plays a wider role in several stress responses in the mature age, its participation in certain physiological and pathological processes throughout life is coming to light. The "senescence machinery" has been observed in all brain cell populations, including components of innate immunity (e.g., microglia and astrocytes). As the beneficial versus detrimental implications of senescence is an open question, we aimed to analyze the contribution of immune responses in regulatory mechanisms governing its distinct functions in healthy (development, organogenesis, danger patrolling events) and diseased brain (glioma, neuroinflammation, neurodeneration), and the putative connection between cellular and molecular events governing the 2 states. Particularly this review offers new insights into the complex roles of senescence both as a chronological event as age advances, and as a molecular mechanism of brain homeostasis through the important contribution of innate immune responses and their crosstalk with neighboring cells in brain parenchyma. We also highlight the impact of the recently described glymphatic system and brain lymphatic vasculature in the interplay between peripheral and central immune surveillance and its potential implication during aging. This will open new ways to understand brain development, its deterioration during aging, and the occurrence of several oncological and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefania Lucia Nori
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Mario Capunzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy.,Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana," University of Salerno, Via Salvatore Allende, Baronissi, Italy
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41
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Heindryckx F, Li JP. Role of proteoglycans in neuro-inflammation and central nervous system fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:589-601. [PMID: 29382609 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as the thickening and scarring of connective tissue, usually as a consequence of tissue damage. The central nervous system (CNS) is special in the sense that fibrogenic cells are restricted to vascular and meningeal areas. Inflammation and the disruption of the blood-brain barrier can lead to the infiltration of fibroblasts and trigger fibrotic response. While the initial function of the fibrotic tissue is to restore the blood-brain barrier and to limit the site of injury, it also demolishes the structure of extracellular matrix and impedes the healing process by producing inhibitory molecules and forming a physical and biochemical barrier that prevents axon regeneration. As a major constituent in the extracellular matrix, proteoglycans participate in the neuro-inflammation, modulating the fibrotic process. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology of fibrosis during acute injuries of the CNS, as well as during chronic neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and age-related neurodegeneration with focus on the functional roles of proteoglycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology/SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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42
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Ferrer I. Diversity of astroglial responses across human neurodegenerative disorders and brain aging. Brain Pathol 2017; 27:645-674. [PMID: 28804999 PMCID: PMC8029391 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrogliopathy refers to alterations of astrocytes occurring in diseases of the nervous system, and it implies the involvement of astrocytes as key elements in the pathogenesis and pathology of diseases and injuries of the central nervous system. Reactive astrocytosis refers to the response of astrocytes to different insults to the nervous system, whereas astrocytopathy indicates hypertrophy, atrophy/degeneration and loss of function and pathological remodeling occurring as a primary cause of a disease or as a factor contributing to the development and progression of a particular disease. Reactive astrocytosis secondary to neuron loss and astrocytopathy due to intrinsic alterations of astrocytes occur in neurodegenerative diseases, overlap each other, and, together with astrocyte senescence, contribute to disease-specific astrogliopathy in aging and neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal protein aggregates in old age. In addition to the well-known increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein and other proteins in reactive astrocytes, astrocytopathy is evidenced by deposition of abnormal proteins such as β-amyloid, hyper-phosphorylated tau, abnormal α-synuclein, mutated huntingtin, phosphorylated TDP-43 and mutated SOD1, and PrPres , in Alzheimer's disease, tauopathies, Lewy body diseases, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, respectively. Astrocytopathy in these diseases can also be manifested by impaired glutamate transport; abnormal metabolism and release of neurotransmitters; altered potassium, calcium and water channels resulting in abnormal ion and water homeostasis; abnormal glucose metabolism; abnormal lipid and, particularly, cholesterol metabolism; increased oxidative damage and altered oxidative stress responses; increased production of cytokines and mediators of the inflammatory response; altered expression of connexins with deterioration of cell-to-cell networks and transfer of gliotransmitters; and worsening function of the blood brain barrier, among others. Increased knowledge of these aspects will permit a better understanding of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases in old age as complex disorders in which neurons are not the only players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Ferrer
- Department of Pathology and Experimental TherapeuticsUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institute of NeuropathologyPathologic Anatomy Service, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de LlobregatBarcelonaSpain
- Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Biomedical Network Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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43
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Thangavel R, Kempuraj D, Zaheer S, Raikwar S, Ahmed ME, Selvakumar GP, Iyer SS, Zaheer A. Glia Maturation Factor and Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins 2 and 4 Expression in the Temporal Cortex of Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:150. [PMID: 28572767 PMCID: PMC5435744 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of neuropathological lesions containing amyloid plaques (APs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). AD is associated with mitochondrial dysfunctions, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain. We have previously demonstrated enhanced expression of the proinflammatory protein glia maturation factor (GMF) in glial cells near APs and NFTs in the AD brains. Parahippocampal gyrus consisting of entorhinal and perirhinal subdivisions of temporal cortex is the first brain region affected during AD pathogenesis. Current paradigm implicates oxidative stress-mediated neuronal damage contributing to the early pathology in AD with mitochondrial membrane potential regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The inner mitochondrial membrane anion transporters called the uncoupling proteins (UCPs), function as regulators of cellular homeostasis by mitigating oxidative stress. In the present study, we have analyzed the expression of GMF and mitochondrial UCP2 and UCP4 in the parahippocampal gyrus of AD and non-AD brains by immunostaining techniques. APs were detected by thioflavin-S fluorescence staining or immunohistochemistry (IHC) with 6E10 antibody. Our current results suggest that upregulation of GMF expression is associated with down-regulation of UCP2 as well as UCP4 in the parahippocampal gyrus of AD brains as compared to non-AD brains. Further, GMF expression is associated with up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme that induces the production of nitric oxide (NO), as well as nuclear factor kB p65 (NF-κB p65) expression. Also, GMF appeared to localize to the mitochondria in AD brains. Based on our current observations, we propose that enhanced expression of GMF down-regulates mitochondrial UCP2 and UCP4 thereby exacerbating AD pathophysiology and this effect is potentially mediated by iNOS and NF-κB. Thus, GMF functions as an activator protein that interferes with the cytoprotective mechanisms in AD brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Thangavel
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
- Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans HospitalColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Duraisamy Kempuraj
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
- Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans HospitalColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Smita Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Sudhanshu Raikwar
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Mohammad E. Ahmed
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | | | - Shankar S. Iyer
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
| | - Asgar Zaheer
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, United States
- Research Services, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans HospitalColumbia, MO, United States
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44
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Koopman ACM, Taziaux M, Bakker J. Age-related changes in the morphology of tanycytes in the human female infundibular nucleus/median eminence. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28295754 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tanycytes are emerging as key players in the neuroendocrine control of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. Rodent studies have demonstrated that the structural relationship between tanycytes and GnRH terminals in the median eminence is highly dynamic, regulated by gonadal steroids and undergoes age-related changes. The present study aimed to determine whether the number and organisation of tanycytes changes throughout life in the female infundibular nucleus/median eminence (INF/ME) region. Post-mortem hypothalamic tissues were collected at the Netherlands Brain Bank and were stained for vimentin by immunohistochemistry. Hypothalami of 22 control female subjects were categorised into three periods: infant/prepubertal, adult and elderly. We measured the fractional area covered by vimentin immunoreactivity in the INF. Qualitative analysis demonstrated a remarkable parallel organisation of vimentin-immunoreactive processes during the infant/prepubertal and adult periods. During the elderly period, this organisation was largely lost. Semi-quantitatively, the fractional area covered in vimentin immunoreactivity was significantly higher at the infant/prepubertal compared to the adult period and almost reached statistical significance compared to the elderly period. By contrast, the number of tanycyte cell bodies did not appear to change throughout life. The results of the present study thus demonstrate that the number and structure of tanycytic processes are altered during ageing, suggesting that tanycytes might be involved in the age-related changes observed in GnRH release.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C M Koopman
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M Taziaux
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - J Bakker
- GIGA Neurosciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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45
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Glial fibrillary acidic protein is differentially expressed across cortical and subcortical regions in healthy brains and downregulated in the thalamus and caudate nucleus of depressed suicides. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:509-15. [PMID: 26033239 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence to suggest aberrant astrocytic function in depression and suicide. Independent studies have reported astrocytic abnormalities in certain brain regions, but it remains unclear whether this is a brain-wide phenomenon. The present study examined this question by measuring glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in postmortem brain samples from suicide completers and matched non-psychiatric controls. Suicide completers were selected based on their recent characterization as low GFAP expressors in the prefrontal cortex, (Brodmann areas 8/9 and 10). Real-time PCR and immunoblotting were used to measure GFAP gene expression and protein levels in BA4 (primary motor cortex), BA17 (primary visual cortex), cerebellar cortex, mediodorsal thalamus and caudate nucleus. We found downregulation of GFAP mRNA and protein in the mediodorsal thalamus and caudate nucleus of depressed suicides compared with controls, whereas GFAP expression in other brain regions was similar between groups. Furthermore, a regional comparison including all samples revealed that GFAP expression in both subcortical regions was, on average, between 11- and 15-fold greater than in cerebellum and neocortex. Examining astrocyte morphology by immunohistochemistry showed that astrocytes in both thalamus and caudate displayed larger cell bodies and extended more ramified processes across larger domains than the previously described cortical astrocytes. This study reveals that astrocytic abnormalities are not brain wide and suggests that they are restricted to cortical and subcortical networks known to be affected in mood disorders. Additionally, our results show a greater diversity in human astrocytic phenotypes than previously thought.
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46
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Lipid-laden cells differentially distributed in the aging brain are functionally active and correspond to distinct phenotypes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23795. [PMID: 27029648 PMCID: PMC4814830 DOI: 10.1038/srep23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized cerebral Oil Red O-positive lipid-laden cells (LLC) of aging mice evaluating their distribution, morphology, density, functional activities and inflammatory phenotype. We identified LLC in meningeal, cortical and neurogenic brain regions. The density of cerebral LLC increased with age. LLC presenting small lipid droplets were visualized adjacent to blood vessels or deeper in the brain cortical and striatal parenchyma of aging mice. LLC with larger droplets were asymmetrically distributed in the cerebral ventricle walls, mainly located in the lateral wall. We also found that LLC in the subventricular region co-expressed beclin-1 or LC3, markers for autophagosome or autophagolysosome formation, and perilipin (PLIN), a lipid droplet-associated protein, suggesting lipophagic activity. Some cerebral LLC exhibited β galactosidase activity indicating a senescence phenotype. Moreover, we detected production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α in cortical PLIN+ LLC. Some cortical NeuN+ neurons, GFAP+ glia limitans astrocytes, Iba-1+ microglia and S100β+ ependymal cells expressed PLIN in the aging brain. Our findings suggest that cerebral LLC exhibit distinct cellular phenotypes and may participate in the age-associated neuroinflammatory processes.
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47
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Boutté AM, Deng-Bryant Y, Johnson D, Tortella FC, Dave JR, Shear DA, Schmid KE. Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Predicts Tissue Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Break-Down Products and Therapeutic Efficacy after Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33:147-56. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angela M. Boutté
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ying Deng-Bryant
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - David Johnson
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Frank C. Tortella
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jitendra R. Dave
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Deborah A. Shear
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Kara E. Schmid
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland
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48
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Correale J, Farez MF. The Role of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Progression. Front Neurol 2015; 6:180. [PMID: 26347709 PMCID: PMC4539519 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder causing central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and axonal injury. Although its etiology remains elusive, several lines of evidence support the concept that autoimmunity plays a major role in disease pathogenesis. The course of MS is highly variable; nevertheless, the majority of patients initially present a relapsing–remitting clinical course. After 10–15 years of disease, this pattern becomes progressive in up to 50% of untreated patients, during which time clinical symptoms slowly cause constant deterioration over a period of many years. In about 15% of MS patients, however, disease progression is relentless from disease onset. Published evidence supports the concept that progressive MS reflects a poorly understood mechanism of insidious axonal degeneration and neuronal loss. Recently, the type of microglial cell and of astrocyte activation and proliferation observed has suggested contribution of resident CNS cells may play a critical role in disease progression. Astrocytes could contribute to this process through several mechanisms: (a) as part of the innate immune system, (b) as a source of cytotoxic factors, (c) inhibiting remyelination and axonal regeneration by forming a glial scar, and (d) contributing to axonal mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, regulatory mechanisms mediated by astrocytes can be affected by aging. Notably, astrocytes might also limit the detrimental effects of pro-inflammatory factors, while providing support and protection for oligodendrocytes and neurons. Because of the dichotomy observed in astrocytic effects, the design of therapeutic strategies targeting astrocytes becomes a challenging endeavor. Better knowledge of molecular and functional properties of astrocytes, therefore, should promote understanding of their specific role in MS pathophysiology, and consequently lead to development of novel and more successful therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Correale
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raúl Carrea, FLENI , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Mauricio F Farez
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Neurological Research Dr. Raúl Carrea, FLENI , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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49
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Inekci D, Jonesco DS, Kennard S, Karsdal MA, Henriksen K. The potential of pathological protein fragmentation in blood-based biomarker development for dementia - with emphasis on Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurol 2015; 6:90. [PMID: 26029153 PMCID: PMC4426721 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of dementia is challenging and early stages are rarely detected limiting the possibilities for early intervention. Another challenge is the overlap in the clinical features across the different dementia types leading to difficulties in the differential diagnosis. Identifying biomarkers that can detect the pre-dementia stage and allow differential diagnosis could provide an opportunity for timely and optimal intervention strategies. Also, such biomarkers could help in selection and inclusion of the right patients in clinical trials of both Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia treatment candidates. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been the most investigated source of biomarkers and several candidate proteins have been identified. However, looking solely at protein levels is too simplistic to provide enough detailed information to differentiate between dementias, as there is a significant crossover between the proteins involved in the different types of dementia. Additionally, CSF sampling makes these biomarkers challenging for presymptomatic identification. We need to focus on disease-specific protein fragmentation to find a fragment pattern unique for each separate dementia type – a form of protein fragmentology. Targeting protein fragments generated by disease-specific combinations of proteins and proteases opposed to detecting the intact protein could reduce the overlap between diagnostic groups as the extent of processing as well as which proteins and proteases constitute the major hallmark of each dementia type differ. In addition, the fragments could be detectable in blood as they may be able to cross the blood–brain barrier due to their smaller size. In this review, the potential of the fragment-based biomarker discovery for dementia diagnosis and prognosis is discussed, especially highlighting how the knowledge from CSF protein biomarkers can be used to guide blood-based biomarker development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Inekci
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research , Herlev , Denmark ; Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby , Denmark
| | | | - Sophie Kennard
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research , Herlev , Denmark
| | | | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers and Research , Herlev , Denmark
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50
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Norden DM, Muccigrosso MM, Godbout JP. Microglial priming and enhanced reactivity to secondary insult in aging, and traumatic CNS injury, and neurodegenerative disease. Neuropharmacology 2014; 96:29-41. [PMID: 25445485 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glia of the central nervous system (CNS) help to maintain homeostasis in the brain and support efficient neuronal function. Microglia are innate immune cells of the brain that mediate responses to pathogens and injury. They have key roles in phagocytic clearing, surveying the local microenvironment and propagating inflammatory signals. An interruption in homeostasis induces a cascade of conserved adaptive responses in glia. This response involves biochemical, physiological and morphological changes and is associated with the production of cytokines and secondary mediators that influence synaptic plasticity, cognition and behavior. This reorganization of host priorities represents a beneficial response that is normally adaptive but may become maladaptive when the profile of microglia is compromised. For instance, microglia can develop a primed or pro-inflammatory mRNA, protein and morphological profile with aging, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disease. As a result, primed microglia exhibit an exaggerated inflammatory response to secondary and sub-threshold challenges. Consequences of exaggerated inflammatory responses by microglia include the development of cognitive deficits, impaired synaptic plasticity and accelerated neurodegeneration. Moreover, impairments in regulatory systems in these circumstances may make microglia more resistant to negative feedback and important functions of glia can become compromised and dysfunctional. Overall, the purpose of this review is to discuss key concepts of microglial priming and immune-reactivity in the context of aging, traumatic CNS injury and neurodegenerative disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Neuroimmunology and Synaptic Function'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Norden
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Megan M Muccigrosso
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan P Godbout
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, 333 W. 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Dr., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, 460 W. 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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