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Barone E, Cenini G, Di Domenico F, Noel T, Wang C, Perluigi M, St Clair DK, Butterfield DA. Basal brain oxidative and nitrative stress levels are finely regulated by the interplay between superoxide dismutase 2 and p53. J Neurosci Res 2015; 93:1728-39. [PMID: 26251011 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes of the cell and catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals O2- to H2O2 and molecular oxygen (O2). Among the three forms of SOD identified, manganese-containing SOD (MnSOD, SOD2) is a homotetramer located wholly in the mitochondrial matrix. Because of the SOD2 strategic location, it represents the first mechanism of defense against the augmentation of ROS/reactive nitrogen species levels in the mitochondria for preventing further damage. This study seeks to understand the effects that the partial lack (SOD2(-/+) ) or the overexpression (TgSOD2) of MnSOD produces on oxidative/nitrative stress basal levels in different brain isolated cellular fractions (i.e., mitochondrial, nuclear, cytosolic) as well as in the whole-brain homogenate. Furthermore, because of the known interaction between SOD2 and p53 protein, this study seeks to clarify the impact that the double mutation has on oxidative/nitrative stress levels in the brain of mice carrying the double mutation (p53(-/-) × SOD2(-/+) and p53(-/-) × TgSOD2). We show that each mutation affects mitochondrial, nuclear, and cytosolic oxidative/nitrative stress basal levels differently, but, overall, no change or reduction of oxidative/nitrative stress levels was found in the whole-brain homogenate. The analysis of well-known antioxidant systems such as thioredoxin-1 and Nrf2/HO-1/BVR-A suggests their potential role in the maintenance of the cellular redox homeostasis in the presence of changes of SOD2 and/or p53 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Barone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli,", Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy.,Facultad de Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanna Cenini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli,", Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Teresa Noel
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Chi Wang
- Biostatistics Core, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi-Fanelli,", Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Daret K St Clair
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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Martínez-Acedo P, Núñez E, Gómez FJS, Moreno M, Ramos E, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, Miró-Casas E, Mesa R, Rodriguez P, Martínez-Ruiz A, Dorado DG, Lamas S, Vázquez J. A novel strategy for global analysis of the dynamic thiol redox proteome. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:800-13. [PMID: 22647871 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.016469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroxidative stress in cells occurs mainly through the action of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) on protein thiol groups. Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species-mediated protein modifications are associated with pathophysiological states, but can also convey physiological signals. Identification of Cys residues that are modified by oxidative stimuli still poses technical challenges and these changes have never been statistically analyzed from a proteome-wide perspective. Here we show that GELSILOX, a method that combines a robust proteomics protocol with a new computational approach that analyzes variance at the peptide level, allows a simultaneous analysis of dynamic alterations in the redox state of Cys sites and of protein abundance. GELSILOX permits the characterization of the major endothelial redox targets of hydrogen peroxide in endothelial cells and reveals that hypoxia induces a significant increase in the status of oxidized thiols. GELSILOX also detected thiols that are redox-modified by ischemia-reperfusion in heart mitochondria and demonstrated that these alterations are abolished in ischemia-preconditioned animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Martínez-Acedo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Dermal toxicity and environmental contamination: electron transfer, reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, cell signaling, and protection by antioxidants. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 203:119-138. [PMID: 19957119 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1352-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Large numbers of chemicals are known to produce diverse types of skin injury, and these substances fit into a wide variety of both organic and inorganic chemical classes. Skin contact with toxins is difficult to avoid, because they are widely distributed, e.g., in industrial substances, agricultural chemicals, household products, and plants. Although various hypotheses have been advanced, there is no universal agreement as to how dermal toxins act to produce their effects. In this review, we provide evidence and numerous literature citations to support the view that oxidative stress (OS) and electron transfer (ET) comprise a portion of a key mechanism, and perhaps unifying theme that underlie the action of dermatotoxins. We apply the concept that ET and OS are key elements in the induction of dermatotoxic effects to all of the main classes of toxins, and to other toxins, as well. We believe it is not coincidental that the vast majority of dermatotoxic substances incorporate recurrent ET chemical functionalities (i.e., quinone, metal complexes, ArNO2, or conjugated iminium), either per se or as metabolites; such entities potentially give rise to reactive oxygen species (ROS) by redox cycling. However, in some categories, wherein agents cause dermal damage, e.g., peroxides and radiation, it appears that ROS are generated by non-ET routes. As expected, if ET and oxidative process do constitute the mechanistic framework by which most dermal toxins act, then antioxidants (AOs), if present, should prevent or mitigate effects. This is exactly what has been discovered to occur. Because ET and OS either cause or contribute to dermal toxicity, and AOs may offer protection therefrom, policy makers and researchers may be better positioned to prevent human dermatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
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Montesano Gesualdi N, Chirico G, Catanese MT, Pirozzi G, Esposito F. AROS-29 is involved in adaptive response to oxidative stress. Free Radic Res 2009; 40:467-76. [PMID: 16551573 DOI: 10.1080/10715760600570547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transient adaptation to mild oxidative stress was induced in human osteosarcoma cells chronically grown in sub-toxic concentrations of diethylmaleate (DEM), a glutathione (GSH) depleting agent. The adapted cells, compared to untreated cells, contain increased concentrations of GSH (4-6 fold) which, upon DEM withdrawal from the culture medium, return to normal values and are more resistant to subsequent oxidizing stress induced either by toxic concentrations of the same agent or by (H(2)O(2)) treatment. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the adaptive response to oxidative stress, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of DEM-adapted cells by differential display. The expression of adaptive response to oxidative stress (AROS)-29 gene, coding for a transmembrane protein of unknown function, as well as of some known genes involved in energy metabolism, protein folding and membrane traffic is up-regulated in adapted cells. The increased resistance to both DNA damage and apoptosis, in cells stably overexpressing AROS-29, demonstrated its functional role in the protection against oxidative stress.
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Wilson SJ, Cavanagh CC, Lesher AM, Frey AJ, Russell SE, Smyth EM. Activation-dependent stabilization of the human thromboxane receptor: role of reactive oxygen species. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:1047-56. [PMID: 19151335 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800447-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)), the principle product of platelet COX-1-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism, directs multiple pro-atherogenic processes via its receptor, TP. Oxidative challenge offsets TP degradation, a key component in limiting TxA(2)'s actions. Following TP activation, we observed cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation coincident with increased TP expression. We examined the link between TP-evoked ROS and TP regulation. TP expression was augmented in TPalpha-transfected cells treated with a TxA(2) analog [1S-1alpha,2beta(5Z),3alpha(1E,3R*),4alpha]]-7-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4'-iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyclo-[2.2.1]heptan-2-yl]-5-heptenoic acid (IBOP). This was reduced with a cellular antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine, or two distinct NADPH oxidase inhibitors, diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin. Homologous upregulation of the native TP was also reduced in apocynin-treated aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) and was absent in ASMCs lacking an NADPH oxidase subunit (p47(-/-)). TP transcription was not increased in IBOP-treated cells, indicating a posttranscriptional mechanism. IBOP induced translocation of TPalpha to the Golgi and reduced degradation of the immature form of the receptor. These data are consistent with a ROS-dependent mechanism whereby TP activation enhanced TP stability early in posttranscriptional biogenesis. Given the significant role played by TP and ROS in perturbed cardiovascular function, the convergence of TP on ROS-generating pathways for regulation of TxA(2)-dependent events may be critical for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Wilson
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Wu HL, Li YH, Lin YH, Wang R, Li YB, Tie L, Song QL, Guo DA, Yu HM, Li XJ. Salvianolic acid B protects human endothelial cells from oxidative stress damage: a possible protective role of glucose-regulated protein 78 induction. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:148-58. [PMID: 18815184 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The purposes of the present study were to both evaluate the protective effects of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and to determine the possible molecular mechanisms by which Sal B protects endothelial cells from damage caused by oxidative stress. METHODS AND RESULTS Pretreatment with Sal B markedly attenuated H(2)O(2)-induced viability loss, lactate dehydrogenase leakage and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The mechanism of Sal B protection was studied using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Database searching implicated that glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a central regulator for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, was up-regulated in Sal B-exposed HUVECs. GRP78 expression regulation was confirmed by western blot and RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) analyses. Additionally, GRP94, which shares significant sequence homology with GRP78, was also up-regulated in Sal B-treated cells. Sal B caused pancreatic ER kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase (PERK) activation followed by the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2 alpha) and the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Knockdown of endogenous ATF4 expression partially repressed Sal B-induced GRP78 induction. Further investigation showed that ATF6 was also activated by Sal B. Knockdown of GRP78 by siRNA significantly reduced the protective effects of Sal B. CONCLUSION The results suggest that Sal B induces the expression of GRP78 by activating ATF6 and the PERK-eIF2 alpha-ATF4 pathway. Furthermore, up-regulation of GRP78 by Sal B may play an important role in protecting human endothelial cells from oxidative stress-induced cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Peking University, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
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PGK1 induction by a hydrogen peroxide treatment is suppressed by antioxidants in human colon carcinoma cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72:1799-808. [PMID: 18603805 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Few protein biomarkers for oxidative stress have been reported. In this study, we attempted to identify the proteins selectively overexpressed in human colon tumor cells by treating with hydrogen peroxide as oxidative stress. A proteomic analysis followed by western blotting showed that phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) was induced by hydrogen peroxide in a dose-dependent manner, while its expression was suppressed by a co-treatment with delphinidin, a known antioxidant. Furthermore, several antioxidants, including alpha-tocopherol, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and Trolox, also inhibited the PGK1 induction caused by hydrogen peroxide. The data suggest that PGK1 might be a potential protein biomarker of intracellular oxidative status.
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Lee JH, Roh MR, Bang D, Lee KH. Using proteomics to identify targets of antiendothelial cell antibodies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2007; 3:983-91. [PMID: 20477145 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.6.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Antiendothelial cell antibodies represent a heterogeneous group of antibodies directed against a variety of antigen determinants of endothelial cells. Antibodies reacting with endothelial structures have been detected in sera from patients with autoimmune vasculitis, both primary and secondary to systemic connective tissue diseases. It may interfere with several functions and, therefore, may be a pathophysiological relevance. The analysis of the antigens recognized by antiendothelial cell antibodies showed that the antibodies are directed against a heterogeneous family of both constitutive and nonconstitutive surface endothelial proteins. Proteomics is a field of science that evaluates a large number of proteins expressed from a given cell line or organism. The technology of proteomics has been used as a method for discovering the target protein specific to a particular disease by searching for the expression or modification of the protein. Recently, progress has been made in defining the target antigens of these antibodies and proteomic technologies is one of them. This review will focus on the proteomic technologies in searching autoantigens/autoantibodies associated with disease of the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, 134 Shinchon-Dong, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
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Chucharoen P, Chetsawang B, Putthaprasart C, Srikiatkhachorn A, Govitrapong P. The presence of melatonin receptors and inhibitory effect of melatonin on hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in bovine cerebral blood vessels. J Pineal Res 2007; 43:35-41. [PMID: 17614833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2007.00440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin plays a key role in a variety of important physiological functions including influencing cerebral blood vessels. Therefore, in the present study, we have identified the existence of melatonin receptors and test the effect of melatonin on hydrogen peroxide-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in bovine cerebral arteries. The results indicate that mt1A melatonin receptor mRNA is expressed in bovine cerebral arteries. The relative levels of mt1A melatonin receptor mRNA expression in anterior, posterior, middle and vertebral cerebral arteries were compared. The data show the highest and lowest levels of mRNA expressions in the middle and vertebral cerebral arteries, respectively. The maximal number (B(max)) of different types of melatonin receptors in various regions of cerebral arteries were identified and further characterized by using the selective 2-[(125)I] iodomelatonin binding assay. Saturation studies revealed that the binding represented a single site of high affinity binding for the melatonin receptor with the highest and lowest binding capacities in the middle and vertebral arteries, respectively. In order to elaborate the functional significance of melatonin in cerebral blood vessels, hydrogen peroxide- induced induction in eNOS protein level and phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulain-dependent protein kinase II (phospho-CaMKII) were demonstrated in the bovine isolated cerebral arteries with these effect being abolished by melatonin. This is the first evidence showing expression of mt1A melatonin receptor in the bovine cerebral arteries. However, further studies are necessary to delineate the role of melatonin and its receptors in regulating physiology of the cerebral vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapapun Chucharoen
- Neuro-Behavioural Biology Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakornpathom, Thailand
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Mayr M, Zhang J, Greene AS, Gutterman D, Perloff J, Ping P. Proteomics-based Development of Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 5:1853-64. [PMID: 16733263 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r600007-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Mayr
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College, University of London, London SE59 NU, United Kingdom
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Ha MK, Soo Cho J, Baik OR, Lee KH, Koo HS, Chung KY. Caenorhabditis elegans as a screening tool for the endothelial cell-derived putative aging-related proteins detected by proteomic analysis. Proteomics 2006; 6:3339-51. [PMID: 16673436 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200500395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells go through progressive pathophysiologic modification as cellular senescence progresses. In vitro, endothelial cell senescence is accompanied by failure of proliferation and by perturbations in gene and protein expressions. Moreover, this cellular senescence in culture has been proposed to reflect processes that occur in the organism in vivo and free radical theory is accepted to be the most plausible explanation for this process. We have screened proteins involved in both cellular senescence and reactive oxygen species induced condition using 2-D gel analysis and found that ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1, peroxyredoxin 2, peroxyredoxin 4, fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta-1 subunit were candidate aging-related proteins. To evaluate in vivo function of these proteins, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) knock-down system using RNA interference was applied. Aging-specific expression of lipofucsin and the lifespan of knocked-down C. elegans were observed to assess the outcome. Interestingly, the inhibition of the genes led to short lifespan and earlier accumulation of lipofucsin with increasing age when compared with the wild type. These results suggest that the above genes may be related to cellular senescence process in determining the longevity in C. elegans and that gene inactivation renders animals susceptible to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Kyung Ha
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Current Awareness on Comparative and Functional Genomics. Comp Funct Genomics 2005. [PMCID: PMC2447491 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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