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Bouyahya A, El Omari N, Bakha M, Aanniz T, El Menyiy N, El Hachlafi N, El Baaboua A, El-Shazly M, Alshahrani MM, Al Awadh AA, Lee LH, Benali T, Mubarak MS. Pharmacological Properties of Trichostatin A, Focusing on the Anticancer Potential: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101235. [PMID: 36297347 PMCID: PMC9612318 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichostatin A (TSA), a natural derivative of dienohydroxamic acid derived from a fungal metabolite, exhibits various biological activities. It exerts antidiabetic activity and reverses high glucose levels caused by the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in Schwann cells, anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the expression of various cytokines, and significant antioxidant activity by suppressing oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms. Most importantly, TSA exhibits potent inhibitory activity against different types of cancer through different pathways. The anticancer activity of TSA appeared in many in vitro and in vivo investigations that involved various cell lines and animal models. Indeed, TSA exhibits anticancer properties alone or in combination with other drugs used in chemotherapy. It induces sensitivity of some human cancers toward chemotherapeutical drugs. TSA also exhibits its action on epigenetic modulators involved in cell transformation, and therefore it is considered an epidrug candidate for cancer therapy. Accordingly, this work presents a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in utilizing this natural compound for the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases, including cancer, along with the multiple mechanisms of action. In addition, this review summarizes the most recent and relevant literature that deals with the use of TSA as a therapeutic agent against various diseases, emphasizing its anticancer potential and the anticancer molecular mechanisms. Moreover, TSA has not been involved in toxicological effects on normal cells. Furthermore, this work highlights the potential utilization of TSA as a complementary or alternative medicine for preventing and treating cancer, alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10106, Morocco
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.-H.L.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Bakha
- Unit of Plant Biotechnology and Sustainable Development of Natural Resources “B2DRN”, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Mghila, P.O. Box 592, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat B.P. 6203, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Agency of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Taounate 34025, Morocco
| | - Naoufal El Hachlafi
- Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules Laboratory, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Sidi Mohmed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road Fez, Fez 30050, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group (NBDD), Microbiome and Bioresource Research Strength (MBRS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.-H.L.); (M.S.M.)
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid B.P. 4162, Morocco
| | - Mohammad S. Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amma 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence: (A.B.); (L.-H.L.); (M.S.M.)
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Shanmugam G, Rakshit S, Sarkar K. HDAC inhibitors: Targets for tumor therapy, immune modulation and lung diseases. Transl Oncol 2022; 16:101312. [PMID: 34922087 PMCID: PMC8688863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that play a key role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by remodeling chromatin. Inhibition of HDACs is a prospective therapeutic approach for reversing epigenetic alteration in several diseases. In preclinical research, numerous types of HDAC inhibitors were discovered to exhibit powerful and selective anticancer properties. However, such research has revealed that the effects of HDAC inhibitors may be far broader and more intricate than previously thought. This review will provide insight into the HDAC inhibitors and their mechanism of action with special emphasis on the significance of HDAC inhibitors in the treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and lung cancer. Nanocarrier-mediated HDAC inhibitor delivery and new approaches for targeting HDACs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Sudeshna Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
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Sarkargar F, Mazaheri M, Zare A, Hajihosseini R. Investigation of epigenetic modifier on HDAC1 and microRNA-410 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yap ZH, Kong WY, Azeez AR, Fang CM, Ngai SC. Anti-cancer Effects of Epigenetics Drugs Scriptaid and Zebularine in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1582-1591. [PMID: 34102995 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High relapse and metastasis progression in breast cancer patients have prompted the need to explore alternative treatments. Epigenetic therapy has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy due to the reversibility of epigenome structures. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the anti-cancer effects of epigenetic drugs scriptaid and zebularine in human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. METHODS First, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of scriptaid, zebularine and the combination of both drugs on human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells was determined. Next, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells were treated with scriptaid, zebularine and the combination of both. After treatments, the anti-cancer effects were evaluated via cell migration assay, cell cycle analysis and apoptotic studies, which included histochemical staining and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the apoptotic genes. RESULTS Both epigenetic drugs inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with 2 nM scriptaid, 8 µM zebularine and combination of 2 nM scriptaid and 2 µM zebularine. Both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells exhibited a reduction in cell migration after the treatments. In particular, MDA-MB-231 cells exhibited a significant reduction in cell migration (p < 0.05) after the treatments of zebularine and the combination of scriptaid and zebularine. Besides, cell cycle analysis demonstrated that scriptaid and the combination of both drugs could induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, histochemical staining allowed the observation of apoptotic features, such as nuclear chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, nuclear chromatin fragmentation and cytoplasmic extension, in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells after the treatments. Further apoptotic studies revealed that the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and elevation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were found in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with zebularine and MCF-7 cells treated with all drug regimens. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings suggest that scriptaid and zebularine are potential anti-cancer drugs, either single or in combination, for the therapy of breast cancer. Further investigations of the gene regulatory pathways directed by scriptaid and zebularine are definitely warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hung Yap
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Wei Yang Kong
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Abdur Rahmaan Azeez
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Chee-Mun Fang
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
| | - Siew Ching Ngai
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor. Malaysia
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Mastoraki A, Schizas D, Charalampakis N, Naar L, Ioannidi M, Tsilimigras D, Sotiropoulou M, Moris D, Vassiliu P, Felekouras E. Contribution of Histone Deacetylases in Prognosis and Therapeutic Management of Cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 24:175-184. [PMID: 32125662 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelium of the biliary tract, has a very poor prognosis because affected patients are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and recurrence after resection is common. Over the last two decades, our understanding of the molecular biology of this malignancy has expanded, and various studies have explored targeted therapy for CCA in order to improve patient survival. The histone acetylation/deacetylation equilibrium is affected in carcinogenesis, leading to altered chromatin structure and therefore changes in gene expression. Understanding the molecular identity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), their cellular interactions and potential role as anticancer agents will help us develop new therapeutic strategies for CCA-affected patients. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitors act on cellular stress response pathways and decrease cancer angiogenesis. Downregulation of pro-angiogenic genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibit formation of new vessels and can negatively affect the metastatic process. Finally, recent clinical trials prove that administration of both HDAC inhibitors and DNA-targeting chemotherapeutic agents, such as topoisomerase inhibitors, DNA intercalating agents, inhibitors of DNA synthesis, covalently modifying DNA agents, and ionizing radiation, maximizes the anticancer effect by increasing the cytotoxic efficiency of a variety of DNA-damaging anticancer drugs. Therefore, combination therapy of classic chemotherapeutic drugs with HDAC inhibitors can act synergistically for the patients' benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Mastoraki
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece.
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Leon Naar
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Ioannidi
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Diamantis Tsilimigras
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Dimitrios Moris
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pantelis Vassiliu
- Fourth Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Str, 12462, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- First Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Cho YD, Kim BS, Kim WJ, Kim HJ, Baek JH, Woo KM, Seol YJ, Ku Y, Ryoo HM. Histone acetylation together with DNA demethylation empowers higher plasticity in adipocytes to differentiate into osteoblasts. Gene 2020; 733:144274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mazzu YZ, Yoshikawa Y, Nandakumar S, Chakraborty G, Armenia J, Jehane LE, Lee GSM, Kantoff PW. Methylation-associated miR-193b silencing activates master drivers of aggressive prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1944-1958. [PMID: 31225930 PMCID: PMC6717747 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of miRNA is a primary mechanism of aberrant miRNA expression in cancer, and hypermethylation of miRNA promoters has been reported to contribute to prostate cancer initiation and progression. Recent data have shown that the miR‐193b promoter is hypermethylated in prostate cancer compared with normal tissue, but studies assessing its functional significance have not been performed. We aimed to elucidate the function of miR‐193b and identify its critical targets in prostate cancer. We observed an inverse correlation between miR‐193b level and methylation of its promoter in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. Overexpression of miR‐193b in prostate cancer cell lines inhibited invasion and induced apoptosis. We found that a majority of the top 150 genes downregulated when miR‐193b was overexpressed in liposarcoma are overexpressed in metastatic prostate cancer and that 41 miR‐193b target genes overlapped with the 86 genes in the aggressive prostate cancer subtype 1 (PCS1) signature. Overexpression of miR‐193b led to the inhibition of the majority of the 41 genes in prostate cancer cell lines. High expression of the 41 genes was correlated with recurrence of prostate cancer. Knockdown of miR‐193b targets FOXM1 and RRM2 in prostate cancer cells phenocopied overexpression of miR‐193b. Dual treatment with DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors decreased miR‐193b promoter methylation and restored inhibition of FOXM1 and RRM2. Our data suggest that silencing of miR‐193b through promoter methylation may release the inhibition of PCS1 genes, contributing to prostate cancer progression and suggesting a possible therapeutic strategy for aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Z Mazzu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lina E Jehane
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Uribe D, Cardona A, Esposti DD, Cros MP, Cuenin C, Herceg Z, Camargo M, Cortés-Mancera FM. Antiproliferative Effects of Epigenetic Modifier Drugs Through E-cadherin Up-regulation in Liver Cancer Cell Lines. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:444-460. [PMID: 29735783 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0011.7389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Epigenetic alterations play an essential role in cancer onset and progression, thus studies of drugs targeting the epigenetic machinery are a principal concern for cancer treatment. Here, we evaluated the potential of the combination of the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5aza-dC) and the pan-deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA), at low cytotoxic concentrations, to modulate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in liver cancer cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pyrosequencing was used for DNA methylation analyses of LINE-1 sequences and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway antagonist DKK3, SFRP1, WIF1 and CDH1. qRT-PCR was employed to verify the expression of the antagonist. Pathway regulation were evaluated looking at the expression of β-catenin and E-cadherin by confocal microscopy and the antitumoral effects of the drugs was studied by wound healing and clonogenic assays. RESULTS Our result suggest that 5aza-dC and TSA treatments were enough to induce a significant expression of the pathway antagonists, decrease of β-catenin protein levels, re-localization of the protein to the plasma membrane, and pathway transcriptional activity reduction. These important effects exerted an antitumoral outcome shown by the reduction of the migration and clonogenic capabilities of the cells. CONCLUSION We were able to demonstrate Wnt/ β-catenin pathway modulation through E-cadherin up-regulation induced by 5aza-dC and TSA treatments, under an activation-pathway background, like CTNNB1 and TP53 mutations. These findings provide evidences of the potential effect of epigenetic modifier drugs for liver cancer treatment. However, further research needs to be conducted, to determine the in vivo potential of this treatment regimen for the management of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Uribe
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica - GI2B, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, ITM. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andres Cardona
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica - GI2B, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, ITM. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Davide Degli Esposti
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Cros
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Cuenin
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. Lyon, France
| | - Zdenko Herceg
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, IARC. Lyon, France
| | - Mauricio Camargo
- Grupo Genética, Regeneración y Cáncer - GRC, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, SIU Lab 432, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA. Medellín, Colombia
| | - Fabian M Cortés-Mancera
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica - GI2B, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, ITM. Medellín, Colombia
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Daskalakis M, Brocks D, Sheng YH, Islam MS, Ressnerova A, Assenov Y, Milde T, Oehme I, Witt O, Goyal A, Kühn A, Hartmann M, Weichenhan D, Jung M, Plass C. Reactivation of endogenous retroviral elements via treatment with DNMT- and HDAC-inhibitors. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:811-822. [PMID: 29633898 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1442623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTis) or histone deacetylases (HDACis) are epigenetic drugs which are investigated since decades. Several have been approved and are applied in the treatment of hematopoietic and lymphatic malignancies, although their mode of action has not been fully understood. Two recent findings improved mechanistic insights: i) activation of human endogenous retroviral elements (HERVs) with concomitant synthesis of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), and ii) massive activation of promoters from long terminal repeats (LTRs) which originated from past HERV invasions. These dsRNAs activate an antiviral response pathway followed by apoptosis. LTR promoter activation leads to synthesis of non-annotated transcripts potentially encoding novel or cryptic proteins. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of the molecular effects exerted by epigenetic drugs with a focus on DNMTis and HDACis. We highlight the role in LTR activation and provide novel data from both in vitro and in vivo epigenetic drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Daskalakis
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - David Brocks
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Yi-Hua Sheng
- b School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alzbeta Ressnerova
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Yassen Assenov
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Till Milde
- c Translational Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ) , Germany.,d CCU Pediatric Oncology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology , University Hospital, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, DKFZ , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ina Oehme
- c Translational Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ) , Germany.,d CCU Pediatric Oncology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology , University Hospital, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, DKFZ , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- c Translational Program, Hopp Children's Cancer Center at NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ) , Germany.,d CCU Pediatric Oncology , German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany.,e Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology , University Hospital, and Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, DKFZ , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ashish Goyal
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Alexander Kühn
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Mark Hartmann
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany.,g Regulation of Cellular Differentiation Group , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Dieter Weichenhan
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- h Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg , Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- a Division of Epigenomics and Cancer Risk Factors , German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK) , Heidelberg , Germany
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Anticancer Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071414. [PMID: 28671573 PMCID: PMC5535906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 797] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis cannot be explained only by genetic alterations, but also involves epigenetic processes. Modification of histones by acetylation plays a key role in epigenetic regulation of gene expression and is controlled by the balance between histone deacetylases (HDAC) and histone acetyltransferases (HAT). HDAC inhibitors induce cancer cell cycle arrest, differentiation and cell death, reduce angiogenesis and modulate immune response. Mechanisms of anticancer effects of HDAC inhibitors are not uniform; they may be different and depend on the cancer type, HDAC inhibitors, doses, etc. HDAC inhibitors seem to be promising anti-cancer drugs particularly in the combination with other anti-cancer drugs and/or radiotherapy. HDAC inhibitors vorinostat, romidepsin and belinostat have been approved for some T-cell lymphoma and panobinostat for multiple myeloma. Other HDAC inhibitors are in clinical trials for the treatment of hematological and solid malignancies. The results of such studies are promising but further larger studies are needed. Because of the reversibility of epigenetic changes during cancer development, the potency of epigenetic therapies seems to be of great importance. Here, we summarize the data on different classes of HDAC inhibitors, mechanisms of their actions and discuss novel results of preclinical and clinical studies, including the combination with other therapeutic modalities.
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11
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Berndsen RH, Abdul UK, Weiss A, Zoetemelk M, te Winkel MT, Dyson PJ, Griffioen AW, Nowak-Sliwinska P. Epigenetic approach for angiostatic therapy: promising combinations for cancer treatment. Angiogenesis 2017; 20:245-267. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9551-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Brockmeyer P, Hemmerlein B. Epigenetic modification suppresses proliferation, migration and invasion of urothelial cancer cell lines. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1693-1700. [PMID: 27602104 PMCID: PMC4998357 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic approaches offer additional therapeutic options, including apoptosis induction, modification of cell cycle regulating proteins and the re-expression of pharmaceutical targets, such as hormone receptors. The present study analyzed the effect of the epigenetic modifiers 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and Trichostatin A on the proliferative, migratory and invasive behavior of four urinary bladder cancer cell lines (RT-4, RT-112, VMCUB-1 and T-24), and the expression of various matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Cell proliferation, migration and invasion assays revealed that treatment with the two epigenetic modifiers resulted in proliferation inhibition in all cell lines, and migration and invasion inhibition in RT-4, RT-112 and T-24 cell lines. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that the mRNA expression of a broad selection of MMPs and their TIMPs was induced in all cell lines, and MMP-14 mRNA expression was suppressed in all cell lines, with the exception of RT-4. In conclusion, epigenetic modifications suppressed the motility and invasiveness of three out of four urothelial cancer cell lines. The inhibitory effect on cell motility appears to be crucial for reduced invasive properties. However, even a broad spectrum of mRNA analysis does not sufficiently explain the loss of invasiveness, as it does not allow for functional conclusions. Further complex urothelial tumour models should be applied to investigate whether epigenetic therapeutic approaches may be an option in urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Brockmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen D-37075, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmerlein
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Göttingen D-37075, Germany; Department of Pathology, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld D-47805, Germany
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13
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Abdelfatah E, Kerner Z, Nanda N, Ahuja N. Epigenetic therapy in gastrointestinal cancer: the right combination. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9:560-79. [PMID: 27366224 PMCID: PMC4913338 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16644247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics is a relatively recent field of molecular biology that has arisen over the past 25 years. Cancer is now understood to be a disease of widespread epigenetic dysregulation that interacts extensively with underlying genetic mutations. The development of drugs targeting these processes has rapidly progressed; with several drugs already FDA approved as first-line therapy in hematological malignancies. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers possess high degrees of epigenetic dysregulation, exemplified by subtypes such as CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), and the potential benefit of epigenetic therapy in these cancers is evident. The application of epigenetic drugs in solid tumors, including GI cancers, is just emerging, with increased understanding of the cancer epigenome. In this review, we provide a brief overview of cancer epigenetics and the epigenetic targets of therapy including deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling. We discuss the epigenetic drugs currently in use, with a focus on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and explain the pharmacokinetic and mechanistic challenges in their application. We present the strategies employed in incorporating these drugs into the treatment of GI cancers, and explain the concept of the cancer stem cell in epigenetic reprogramming and reversal of chemo resistance. We discuss the most promising combination strategies in GI cancers including: (1) epigenetic sensitization to radiotherapy, (2) epigenetic sensitization to cytotoxic chemotherapy, and (3) epigenetic immune modulation and priming for immune therapy. Finally, we present preclinical and clinical trial data employing these strategies thus far in various GI cancers including colorectal, esophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eihab Abdelfatah
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zachary Kerner
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nainika Nanda
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, 1650 Orleans St. Room 342, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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l-carnosine dipeptide overcomes acquired resistance to 5-fluorouracil in HT29 human colon cancer cells via downregulation of HIF1-alpha and induction of apoptosis. Biochimie 2016; 127:196-204. [PMID: 27234614 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) protein is over-expressed in many human cancers and is a major cause of resistance to drugs. HIF-1α up-regulation decreases the effectiveness of several anticancer agents, including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), because it induces the expression of drug efflux transporters, alters DNA repair mechanisms and modifies the balance between pro- and antiapoptotic factors. These findings suggest that inhibition of HIF-1α activity may sensitize cancer cells to cytotoxic drugs. We previously reported that l-carnosine reduces HIF-1α expression by inhibiting the proliferation of colon cancer cells. In the present study we investigated the effect of l-carnosine on HT29 colon cancer cells with acquired resistance to 5-FU. We found that l-carnosine reduces colon cancer cell viability, decreases HIF-1α and multi-drug resistant protein MDR1-pg expression, and induces apoptosis. Moreover, the l-carnosine/5-FU combination lowers the expression of some chemoresistance markers. The combination index evaluated in vitro on the HT29-5FU cell line by median drug effect analysis reveals a significant synergistic effect.
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15
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Canonical and new generation anticancer drugs also target energy metabolism. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1327-50. [PMID: 24792321 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Significant efforts have been made for the development of new anticancer drugs (protein kinase or proteasome inhibitors, monoclonal humanized antibodies) with presumably low or negligible side effects and high specificity. However, an in-depth analysis of the side effects of several currently used canonical (platin-based drugs, taxanes, anthracyclines, etoposides, antimetabolites) and new generation anticancer drugs as the first line of clinical treatment reveals significant perturbation of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Canonical and new generation drug side effects include decreased (1) intracellular ATP levels, (2) glycolytic/mitochondrial enzyme/transporter activities and/or (3) mitochondrial electrical membrane potentials. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative effects of these drugs are markedly attenuated in tumor rho (0) cells, in which functional mitochondria are absent; in addition, several anticancer drugs directly interact with isolated mitochondria affecting their functions. Therefore, several anticancer drugs also target the energy metabolism, and hence, the documented inhibitory effect of anticancer drugs on cancer growth should also be linked to the blocking of ATP supply pathways. These often overlooked effects of canonical and new generation anticancer drugs emphasize the role of energy metabolism in maintaining cancer cells viable and its targeting as a complementary and successful strategy for cancer treatment.
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16
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Fiorini C, Gotte G, Donnarumma F, Picone D, Donadelli M. Bovine seminal ribonuclease triggers Beclin1-mediated autophagic cell death in pancreatic cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:976-84. [PMID: 24487065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Among the large number of variants belonging to the pancreatic-type secretory ribonuclease (RNase) superfamily, bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) is the proto-type and bovine seminal RNase (BS-RNase) represents the unique natively dimeric member. In the present manuscript, we evaluate the anti-tumoral property of these RNases in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines and in nontumorigenic cells as normal control. We demonstrate that BS-RNase stimulates a strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect in cancer cells, while RNase A is largely ineffective. Notably, we reveal for the first time that BS-RNase triggers Beclin1-mediated autophagic cancer cell death, providing evidences that high proliferation rate of cancer cells may render them more susceptible to autophagy by BS-RNase treatment. Notably, to improve the autophagic response of cancer cells to BS-RNase we used two different strategies: the more basic (as compared to WT enzyme) G38K mutant of BS-RNase, known to interact more strongly than wt with the acidic membrane of cancer cells, or BS-RNase oligomerization (tetramerization or formation of larger oligomers). Both mutant BS-RNase and BS-RNase oligomers potentiated autophagic cell death as compared to WT native dimer of BS-RNase, while the various RNase A oligomers remained completely ineffective. Altogether, our results shed more light on the mechanisms lying at the basis of BS-RNase antiproliferative effect in cancer cells, and support its potential use to develop new anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fiorini
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Gotte
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Federica Donnarumma
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Delia Picone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Life and Reproduction Sciences, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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17
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Kisiel JB, Li J, Zou H, Oseini AM, Strauss BB, Gulaid KH, Moser CD, Aderca I, Ahlquist DA, Roberts LR, Shire AM. Methylated Bone Morphogenetic Protein 3 (BMP3) Gene: Evaluation of Tumor Suppressor Function and Biomarker Potential in Biliary Cancer. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS & DIAGNOSIS 2013; 4:1000145. [PMID: 25077038 PMCID: PMC4112127 DOI: 10.4172/2155-9929.1000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is an uncommon and highly lethal malignancy, early detection enables the application of potentially curative therapies and improves survival. Consequently, tools to improve the early diagnosis of CC are urgently needed. During a screen for genes epigenetically suppressed by methylation in CC that might serve as methylation markers for CC, we found that the BMP3 gene is methylated in CC cell lines, but the potential diagnostic value and the function of BMP3 in CC are unknown. METHODS We aimed to quantitatively assess BMP3 methylation in resected CC tumor specimens using methylation specific PCR and evaluate the tumor suppressor role of BMP3 in biliary cancer cell lines in comparison to an immortalized normal cholangiocyte cell line. Expression of BMP3 was quantified by mRNA levels before and after treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A. After transfection with a BMP3-containing plasmid, cell viability was measured using the bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assay and apoptosis quantified by caspase assay. RESULTS In primary CC tumor tissue specimens significantly more methylated BMP3 copies were found when compared to matched benign bile duct epithelium from the same patient, with high specificity. BMP3 expression was absent in cell lines with BMP3 methylation; this suppression of BMP3 expression was reversed by treatment with a DNA demethylating agent and histone de-acetylase inhibitor. Transfection of a BMP3-expressing construct into a BMP3-negative biliary cancer cell line restored BMP3 mRNA expression and reduced cell proliferation and cell viability while increasing the rate of apoptosis. CONCLUSION These findings strongly support a tumor suppressor role for BMP3 in CC and suggest that BMP3 methylation may be a new biomarker for early detection of CCs. of the peptidome are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hongzhi Zou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA
| | - Abdul M Oseini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA
| | - Benjamin B Strauss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA
| | - Kadra H. Gulaid
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA
| | - Catherine D Moser
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA
| | - Ileana Aderca
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA
| | - David A Ahlquist
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA
| | - Abdirashid M Shire
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester Minnesota, USA
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18
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Dom G, Galdo VC, Tarabichi M, Tomás G, Hébrant A, Andry G, De Martelar V, Libert F, Leteurtre E, Dumont JE, Maenhaut C, van Staveren WCG. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine has minor effects on differentiation in human thyroid cancer cell lines, but modulates genes that are involved in adaptation in vitro. Thyroid 2013; 23:317-28. [PMID: 23167291 PMCID: PMC3593687 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In thyroid cancer, the lack of response to specific treatment, for example, radioactive iodine, can be caused by a loss of differentiation characteristics of tumor cells. It is hypothesized that this loss is due to epigenetic modifications. Therefore, drugs releasing epigenetic repression have been proposed to reverse this silencing. METHODS We investigated which genes were reinduced in dedifferentiated human thyroid cancer cell lines when treated with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AzadC) and the histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. These results were compared to the expression patterns in in vitro human differentiated thyrocytes and in in vivo dedifferentiated thyroid cancers. In addition, the effects of 5-AzadC on DNA quantities and cell viability were investigated. RESULTS Among the canonical thyroid differentiation markers, most were not, or only to a minor extent, re-expressed by 5-AzadC, whether or not combined with TSA or forskolin, an inducer of differentiation in normal thyrocytes. Furthermore, 5-AzadC-modulated overall mRNA expression profiles showed only few commonly regulated genes compared to differentiated cultured primary thyrocytes. In addition, most of the commonly strongly 5-AzadC-induced genes in cell lines were either not regulated or upregulated in anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Further analysis of which genes were induced by 5-AzadC showed that they were involved in pathways such as apoptosis, antigen presentation, defense response, and cell migration. A number of these genes had similar expression responses in 5-AzadC-treated nonthyroid cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that 5-AzadC is not a strong inducer of differentiation in thyroid cancer cell lines. Under the studied conditions and with the model used, 5-AzadC treatment does not appear to be a potential redifferentiation treatment for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. However, this may reflect primarily the inadequacy of the model rather than that of the treatment. Moreover, the observation that 5-AzadC negatively affected cell viability in cell lines could still suggest a therapeutic opportunity. Some of the genes that were modulated by 5-AzadC were also induced in nonthyroid cancer cell lines, which might be explained by an epigenetic modification resulting in the adaptation of the cell lines to their culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Dom
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Epigenetics in Friedreich's Ataxia: Challenges and Opportunities for Therapy. GENETICS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:852080. [PMID: 23533785 PMCID: PMC3590757 DOI: 10.1155/2013/852080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by homozygous expansion of a GAA·TTC trinucleotide repeat within the first intron of the FXN gene, leading to reduced FXN transcription and decreased levels of frataxin protein. Recent advances in FRDA research have revealed the presence of several epigenetic modifications that are either directly or indirectly involved in this FXN gene silencing. Although epigenetic marks may be inherited from one generation to the next, modifications of DNA and histones can be reversed, indicating that they are suitable targets for epigenetic-based therapy. Unlike other trinucleotide repeat disorders, such as Huntington disease, the large expansions of GAA·TTC repeats in FRDA do not produce a change in the frataxin amino acid sequence, but they produce reduced levels of normal frataxin. Therefore, transcriptional reactivation of the FXN gene provides a good therapeutic option. The present paper will initially focus on the epigenetic changes seen in FRDA patients and their role in the silencing of FXN gene and will be concluded by considering the potential epigenetic therapies.
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20
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Koutsounas I, Giaginis C, Patsouris E, Theocharis S. Current evidence for histone deacetylase inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:813-28. [PMID: 23430136 PMCID: PMC3574878 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i6.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive human cancers, with more than 200 000 deaths worldwide every year. Despite recent efforts, conventional treatment approaches, such as surgery and classic chemotherapy, have only slightly improved patient outcomes. More effective and well-tolerated therapies are required to reverse the current poor prognosis of this type of neoplasm. Among new agents, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) are now being tested. HDACIs have multiple biological effects related to acetylation of histones and many non-histone proteins that are involved in regulation of gene expression, apoptosis, cell cycle progression and angiogenesis. HDACIs induce cell cycle arrest and can activate the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis in different cancer cell lines. In the present review, the main mechanisms by which HDACIs act in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, as well as their antiproliferative effects in animal models are presented. HDACIs constitute a promising treatment for pancreatic cancer with encouraging anti-tumor effects, at well-tolerated doses.
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21
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Millioni R, Polati R, Menini M, Puricelli L, Miuzzo M, Tessari P, Novelli E, Righetti PG, Cecconi D. Polar electrophoresis: shape of two-dimensional maps is as important as size. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30911. [PMID: 22292075 PMCID: PMC3264644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The performance of two-dimensional electrophoresis in conventional gels in Cartesian coordinates (2-DE) vs. polar coordinates (2-PE) is here evaluated. Although 2-DE is performed in much longer Immobiline gels in the first dimension (17 cm) vs. barely 7-cm in 2-PE, an equivalent resolving power is found. Moreover, due to the possibility of running up to seven Immobiline strips in the radial gel format, the reproducibility of spot position is seen to be higher, this resulting in a 20% higher matching efficiency. As an extra bonus, strings of “isobaric” spots (i.e. polypeptides of identical mass with different pI values) are more resolved in the radial gel format, especially in the 10 to 30 kDa region, where the gel area fans out leaving extra space for spot resolution. In conclusion, this novel gel format in the second dimension of 2D gels is seen as an important improvement of this technique, still one of the most popular in proteome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rita Polati
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Menini
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Manuela Miuzzo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Tessari
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Novelli
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology and Veterinary Hygiene, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Fujii K, Suzuki N, Ikeda K, Hamada T, Yamamoto T, Kondo T, Iwatsuki K. Proteomic study identified HSP 70 kDa protein 1A as a possible therapeutic target, in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitors, for lymphoid neoplasms. J Proteomics 2011; 75:1401-10. [PMID: 22123078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) demonstrate possible anticancer activities in various malignancies including lymphoid neoplasms. However, the anticancer effects of HDACi are often limited, and combination therapy with other drugs has been undertaken to improve the outcome of patients. Here we conducted proteomic investigation of 33 lymphoid cell lines to identify novel therapeutic targets for enhancing the effects of HDACi. Using the proteomic data in our published 2D-DIGE database, we examined the proteins associated with resistance to valproic acid (VPA). The lymphoid neoplasm cell lines in the database were grouped according to their sensitivity to VPA treatment. A comparative proteomic study of the cell line groups resulted in the identification of 10 protein spots, whose intensity was associated with chemosensitivity. Among the identified proteins, HSPA1A showed higher expression in cell lines with resistance to VPA, and the results were validated by Western blotting. In vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment with KNK-437, an inhibitor of HSPA1A, enhanced the cytotoxic effects of VPA, as well as vorinostat, in the lymphoid neoplasm cell line. Treatment with KNK-437 facilitated the apoptotic effects of VPA. In conclusion, we identified HSPA1A as a possible therapeutic target, in combination with HDACi, for lymphoid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyasu Fujii
- Department of Dermatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry Pharmaceutical Sciences,Okayama 700-0815, Japan.
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23
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Lu B, Zhao J, Xu L, Xu Y, Wang X, Peng J. Identification of Molecular Target Proteins in Berberine-treated Cervix Adenocarcinoma HeLa Cells by Proteomic and Bioinformatic Analyses. Phytother Res 2011; 26:646-56. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binan Lu
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian; 116044; China
| | | | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian; 116044; China
| | - Yousong Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian; 116011; China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian; 116044; China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy; Dalian Medical University; Dalian; 116044; China
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Therapeutic strategies to enhance the anticancer efficacy of histone deacetylase inhibitors. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:514261. [PMID: 21765634 PMCID: PMC3134392 DOI: 10.1155/2011/514261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetylation is a posttranslational modification that plays a role in regulating gene expression. More recently, other nonhistone proteins have been identified to be acetylated which can regulate their function, stability, localization, or interaction with other molecules. Modulating acetylation with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) has been validated to have anticancer effects in preclinical and clinical cancer models. This has led to development and approval of the first HDACi, vorinostat, for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. However, to date, targeting acetylation with HDACi as a monotherapy has shown modest activity against other cancers. To improve their efficacy, HDACi have been paired with other antitumor agents. Here, we discuss several combination therapies, highlighting various epigenetic drugs, ROS-generating agents, proteasome inhibitors, and DNA-damaging compounds that together may provide a therapeutic advantage over single-agent strategies.
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Oghamian S, Sodir NM, Bashir MU, Shen H, Cullins AE, Carroll CA, Kundu P, Shibata D, Laird PW. Reduction of pancreatic acinar cell tumor multiplicity in Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice. Carcinogenesis 2011; 32:829-35. [PMID: 21362628 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In human pancreatic cancers, promoter CpG island hypermethylation is observed in both benign and malignant tumors. It is thought that silencing of key growth-controlling genes by promoter hypermethylation may play a role in pancreatic oncogenesis. We have shown previously that sufficient levels of DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) 1 expression are required for the development of murine intestinal tumors. Here, we report the results of a large-scale triple cross (progeny n = 761) between Apc(Min/+), Trp53(-/-) and Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice to investigate the role of Dnmt levels in the Apc(Min/+), Trp53(-/-) mouse models of acinar cell pancreatic cancer. Mutations of both APC and TP53 are observed in human pancreatic cancer. We found that tumor burden, but not tumor size, is significantly reduced with decreasing Dnmt1 levels, suggesting that DNA methylation is involved in pancreatic tumorigenesis in this mouse model. Detailed analyses showed that the reduction in tumor burden is the result of a decrease in both early- and late-stage lesions. We observed decreased levels of DNA methylation at candidate genes in the normal pancreas of Dnmt1 hypomorphic mice. Some of these genes showed increased methylation associated with tumorigenesis, suggesting that the tumor-suppressive effects of Dnmt1 hypomorphic alleles may be mediated in part through reduced promoter hypermethylation. Our work is the first in vivo study to show the effects of reduced Dnmt levels on pancreatic tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Oghamian
- Department of Surgery, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9176, USA
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26
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Role of HDAC3 on p53 expression and apoptosis in T cells of patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16795. [PMID: 21346816 PMCID: PMC3035634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) belongs to a family of proteins which plays an important role in protein acetylation, chromatin remodeling and transcription of genes, including those that are involved in cell proliferation and cell death. While increased expression of HDAC3 is seen in neoplastic cells, the role of HDAC3 in T cells and their role in autoimmune disease is not known. Methodology/Principal Findings Applying Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST Array and the mixed effects model for gene set analysis, we compared gene expression profiles between multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and healthy controls (HC). Within the Apoptosis_GO gene set, the constitutive expression level of HDAC3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) was significantly increased in MS patients when compared to controls. Following addition of trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of HDAC3, we examined the expression of p53 by flow cytometry and p53 targeted genes by real time RT-PCR in MS and HC. Culture of PBMC with TSA resulted in increased expression of p53 in HC but not in MS patients. TSA treated T cells from MS patients also showed reduced sensitivity to apoptosis when compared to HC, which was independent of activation of p53 targeted pro-apoptotic genes. Conclusion/Significance MS patients, when compared to controls, show an increased expression of HDAC3 and relative resistance to TSA induced apoptosis in T cells. Increased expression of HDAC3 in PBMC of MS patients may render putative autoreactive lymphocytes resistance to apoptosis and thereby contribute to autoimmunity.
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27
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Cecconi D, Palmieri M, Donadelli M. Proteomics in pancreatic cancer research. Proteomics 2011; 11:816-28. [PMID: 21229586 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we give an overview of the actual role of proteomic technologies in the study of pancreatic cancers (PCs). We describe PC proteomics on the basis of sample origins, i.e. tissues, body fluids, and PC cell lines. As regards PC tissues, we report the identification of a number of candidate biomarkers of precursor lesions that may allow early diagnosis of this neoplasia. Moreover, we describe cytoskeletal and hypoxia-regulated proteins that confirm the involvement of cytoskeleton modifications and metabolism adaptations in carcinogenesis. We also discuss the most important biomarkers identified by proteomic analysis involved in local invasion and distant metastasis, and in the cross-talk between pancreatic tumor and the surrounding stroma. Furthermore, we report novel candidate biomarkers identified in serum, plasma, and pancreatic juice of cancer patients compared with cancer-free controls. Proteomic alterations in PC cell line models as compared to normal controls and studies on cell lines treated with drugs or new agents to understand their mechanism of pharmacological action or the onset of drug resistance are also presented. Finally, we discuss the recent improvements obtained in classical 2-DE and high-throughput proteomic strategies able to allow the overcoming of relevant proteomic drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Milli A, Perego P, Beretta GL, Corvo A, Righetti PG, Carenini N, Corna E, Zuco V, Zunino F, Cecconi D. Proteomic Analysis of Cellular Response to Novel Proapoptotic Agents Related to Atypical Retinoids in Human IGROV-1 Ovarian Carcinoma Cells. J Proteome Res 2010; 10:1191-207. [DOI: 10.1021/pr100963n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Milli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Laboratorio di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni L. Beretta
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alice Corvo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Laboratorio di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Nives Carenini
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Corna
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuco
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Zunino
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Laboratorio di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134, Verona, Italy
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Daniel FI, Cherubini K, Yurgel LS, de Figueiredo MAZ, Salum FG. The role of epigenetic transcription repression and DNA methyltransferases in cancer. Cancer 2010; 117:677-87. [PMID: 20945317 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation have been implicated in the development and progression of various cancers. DNA methylation consists of the reversible addition of a methyl group to the carbon 5 position of cytosine in CpG dinucleotides and is considered essential for normal embryonic development. However, global genomic hypomethylation and aberrant hypermethylation of regulatory regions of tumor suppressor genes have been associated with chromosomal instability and transcription repression, respectively, providing neoplastic cells with a selective advantage. DNA methyltransferases are the enzymes responsible for the addition of methyl groups to CpG dinucleotides, which, together with histone modifiers, initiate the events necessary for transcription repression to occur. It has been demonstrated that increased expression of DNA methyltransferases may contribute to tumor progression through methylation-mediated gene inactivation in various human cancers. Given their importance, this article reviews the main epigenetic mechanisms for regulating transcription and its implications in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Ivan Daniel
- School of Dentistry, Oral Medicine Division, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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