1
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Baek S, Lee J, Kim H, Cha I, Song C. Self-Healable and Recyclable Biomass-Derived Polyurethane Networks through Carbon Dioxide Immobilization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4381. [PMID: 34960932 PMCID: PMC8707029 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to growing environmental issues, research on carbon dioxide (CO2) use is widely conducted and efforts are being made to produce useful materials from biomass-derived resources. However, polymer materials developed by a combined strategy (i.e., both CO2-immobilized and biomass-derived) are rare. In this study, we synthesized biomass-derived poly(carbonate-co-urethane) (PCU) networks using CO2-immobilized furan carbonate diols (FCDs) via an ecofriendly method. The synthesis of FCDs was performed by directly introducing CO2 into a biomass-derived 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan. Using mechanochemical synthesis (ball-milling), the PCU networks were effortlessly prepared from FCDs, erythritol, and diisocyanate, which were then hot-pressed into films. The thermal and thermomechanical properties of the PCU networks were thoroughly characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic (thermal) mechanical analysis, and using a rheometer. The self-healing and recyclable properties of the PCU films were successfully demonstrated using dynamic covalent bonds. Interestingly, transcarbamoylation (urethane exchange) occurred preferentially as opposed to transcarbonation (carbonate exchange). We believe our approach presents an efficient means for producing sustainable polyurethane copolymers using biomass-derived and CO2-immobilized diols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Changsik Song
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (S.B.); (J.L.); (H.K.); (I.C.)
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2
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Synthesis of ester-free type poly(trimethylene carbonate) derivatives bearing cycloalkyl side groups. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Wang M, Wang E, Cao H, Liu S, Wang X, Wang F. Construction of
Self‐Reporting
Biodegradable
CO
2
‐Based
Polycarbonates for the Visualization of Thermoresponsive Behavior with
Aggregation‐Induced
Emission Technology
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Enhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Han Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shunjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Jilin 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China
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4
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Amsden B. In Vivo Degradation Mechanisms of Aliphatic Polycarbonates and Functionalized Aliphatic Polycarbonates. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100085. [PMID: 33893715 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aliphatic polycarbonates (APCs) have been studied for decades but have not been as utilized as aliphatic polyesters in biomaterial applications such as drug delivery and tissue engineering. With the recognition that functionalized aliphatic polymers can be readily synthesized, increased attention is being paid to these materials. A frequently provided reason for utilizing these polymers is that they degrade to form diols and carbon dioxide. However, depending on the structure and molecular weight of the APC, degradation may not occur. In this review, the mechanisms by which APCs and functionalized APCs have been found to degrade in vivo are examined with the objective of providing guidance in the continued development of these polymers as biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Amsden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, K7L 3N6, Canada
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5
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Xia S, Song Y, Li X, Li H, He LN. Ionic Liquid-Promoted Three-Component Domino Reaction of Propargyl Alcohols, Carbon Dioxide and 2-Aminoethanols: A Thermodynamically Favorable Synthesis of 2-Oxazolidinones. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113033. [PMID: 30463369 PMCID: PMC6280151 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To circumvent the thermodynamic limitation of the synthesis of oxazolidinones starting from 2-aminoethanols and CO₂ and realize incorporation CO₂ under atmospheric pressure, a protic ionic liquid-facilitated three-component reaction of propargyl alcohols, CO₂ and 2-aminoethanols was developed to produce 2-oxazolidinones along with equal amount of α-hydroxyl ketones. The ionic liquid structure, reaction temperature and reaction time were in detail investigated. And 15 mol% 1,5,7-triazabicylo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene ([TBDH][TFE]) trifluoroethanol was found to be able to synergistically activate the substrate and CO₂, thus catalyzing this cascade reaction under atmospheric CO₂ pressure. By employing this task-specific ionic liquid as sustainable catalyst, 2-aminoethanols with different substituents were successfully transformed to 2-oxazolidinones with moderate to excellent yield after 12 h at 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Xia
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xuedong Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hongru Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China.
| | - Liang-Nian He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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6
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Wu PX, Cheng HY, Shi RH, Jiang S, Wu QF, Zhang C, Arai M, Zhao FY. Synthesis of Polyurea via the Addition of Carbon Dioxide to a Diamine Catalyzed by Organic and Inorganic Bases. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei; Anhui 230026 People's Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Masahiko Arai
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Process; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
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7
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Wang Y, Darensbourg DJ. Carbon dioxide-based functional polycarbonates: Metal catalyzed copolymerization of CO2 and epoxides. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Hauenstein O, Agarwal S, Greiner A. Bio-based polycarbonate as synthetic toolbox. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11862. [PMID: 27302694 PMCID: PMC4912624 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Completely bio-based poly(limonene carbonate) is a thermoplastic polymer, which can be synthesized by copolymerization of limonene oxide (derived from limonene, which is found in orange peel) and CO2. Poly(limonene carbonate) has one double bond per repeating unit that can be exploited for further chemical modifications. These chemical modifications allow the tuning of the properties of the aliphatic polycarbonate in nearly any direction. Here we show synthetic routes to demonstrate that poly(limonene carbonate) is the perfect green platform polymer, from which many functional materials can be derived. The relevant examples presented in this study are the transformation from an engineering thermoplastic into a rubber, addition of permanent antibacterial activity, hydrophilization and even pH-dependent water solubility of the polycarbonate. Finally, we show a synthetic route to yield the completely saturated counterpart that exhibits improved heat processability due to lower reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hauenstein
- Macromolecular Chemistry II and Center for Colloids and Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Agarwal
- Macromolecular Chemistry II and Center for Colloids and Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A Greiner
- Macromolecular Chemistry II and Center for Colloids and Interfaces, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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9
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Wang Y, Fan J, Darensbourg DJ. Construction of Versatile and Functional Nanostructures Derived from CO2 -based Polycarbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10206-10. [PMID: 26177634 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The construction of amphiphilic polycarbonates through epoxides/CO2 coupling is a challenging aim to provide more diverse CO2 -based functional materials. In this report, we demonstrate the facile preparation of diverse and functional nanoparticles derived from a CO2 -based triblock polycarbonate system. By the judicious use of water as chain-transfer reagent in the propylene oxide/CO2 polymerization, poly(propylene carbonate (PPC) diols are successfully produced and serve as macroinitiators in the subsequent allyl glycidyl ether/CO2 coupling reaction. The resulting ABA triblock polycarbonate can be further functionalized with various thiols by radical mediated thiol-ene click chemistry, followed by self-assembly in deionized water to construct a versatile and functional nanostructure system. This class of amphiphilic polycarbonates could embody a powerful platform for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 (USA)
| | - Jingwei Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 (USA)
| | - Donald J Darensbourg
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843 (USA).
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10
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Wang Y, Fan J, Darensbourg DJ. Construction of Versatile and Functional Nanostructures Derived from CO2-based Polycarbonates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Konieczynska MD, Lin X, Zhang H, Grinstaff MW. Synthesis of Aliphatic Poly(ether 1,2-glycerol carbonate)s via Copolymerization of CO 2 with Glycidyl Ethers Using a Cobalt Salen Catalyst and Study of a Thermally Stable Solid Polymer Electrolyte. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:533-537. [PMID: 35596282 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of linear poly(ether 1,2-glycerol carbonate)s derivatized with pendant butyl, octyl, or stearyl tethers are reported. The polymers are obtained via the ring-opening copolymerization of butyl, octyl, or stearic glycidyl ethers with carbon dioxide using the [rac-SalcyCoIIIDNP] catalyst bearing a quaternary ammonium salt. Synthesized polymers were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and rheometry. Polymers with controlled molecular weights in the range of 8970-31 900 g/mol were obtained with low polydispersities between 1.1 and 1.4. Thermal properties of the materials confirm amorphous structures of the polymers with butyl and octyl chains, with glass transition temperatures of -24 and -34 °C, respectively. The stearyl tether polymer exhibited a melting point of 55 °C. Additionally, the potential of poly(butyl ether 1,2-glycerol carbonate) as a thermally stable solid polymer electrolyte was investigated, and it exhibits temperature-dependent conductivity with values comparable to those of optimized PEO-based electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena D. Konieczynska
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Xinrong Lin
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Heng Zhang
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Chemistry
and Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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12
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Liu J, Ren W, Lu X. Fully degradable brush polymers with polycarbonate backbones and polylactide side chains. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Darensbourg DJ, Wang Y. Terpolymerization of propylene oxide and vinyl oxides with CO2: copolymer cross-linking and surface modification via thiol–ene click chemistry. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01612b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Terpolymerization of epoxides containing vinyl pendant groups, propylene oxide, and carbon dioxide afforded polycarbonates which were cross-linked and surface modified via thiol–ene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- 3255 TAMU
- College Station
- USA
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14
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Paul S, Zhu Y, Romain C, Brooks R, Saini PK, Williams CK. Ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP): synthesis and properties of polyesters and polycarbonates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6459-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc10113h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This feature article highlights the opportunities presented by ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) as a controlled route to prepare polyesters and polycarbonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyeni Paul
- Dept. Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | - Yunqing Zhu
- Dept. Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
| | | | - Rachel Brooks
- Dept. Chemistry
- Imperial College London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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15
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Wu X, Zhao H, Nörnberg B, Theato P, Luinstra GA. Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyl-Functionalized Poly(propylene carbonate). Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Zhao
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Nörnberg
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit A. Luinstra
- Institut für Technische
und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße
45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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16
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Darensbourg DJ, Yeung AD. A concise review of computational studies of the carbon dioxide–epoxide copolymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The production of polycarbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides is an important route by which waste CO2 is converted into useful products. This review surveys the use of computational chemistry toward understanding this reaction.
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17
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Hilf J, Frey H. Propargyl-Functional Aliphatic Polycarbonate Obtained from Carbon Dioxide and Glycidyl Propargyl Ether. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1395-400. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Hilf
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg, 10-14; Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Holger Frey
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Duesbergweg, 10-14; Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz; D-55128 Mainz Germany
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18
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Gu L, Qin Y, Gao Y, Wang X, Wang F. Hydrophilic CO2-based biodegradable polycarbonates: Synthesis and rapid thermo-responsive behavior. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100039 People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
| | - Fosong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Renmin Street 5625 Changchun 130022 People's Republic of China
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