1
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Aivali S, Andrikopoulos KC, Andreopoulou AK. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Pentafluorophenyl-Substituted Quinoline with a Functional Perylene: A Route to the Modification of Semiconducting Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2721. [PMID: 37376367 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A systematic study of the influence of the chemical substitution pattern of semiconducting polymers carrying side chain perylene diimide (PDI) groups is presented. Semiconducting polymers based on perflurophenyl quinoline (5FQ) were modified via a readily accessible nucleophilic substitution reaction. The perfluorophenyl group was studied as an electron-withdrawing reactive functionality on semiconducting polymers that can undergo fast nucleophilic aromatic substitution. A PDI molecule, functionalized with one phenol group on the bay area, was used for the substitution of the fluorine atom at the para position in 6-vinylphenyl-(2-perfluorophenyl)-4-phenyl quinoline. The final product was polymerized under free radical polymerization providing polymers of 5FQ incorporated with PDI side groups. Alternatively, the post-polymerization modification of the fluorine atoms at the para position of the 5FQ homopolymer with the PhOH-di-EH-PDI was also successfully tested. In this case, the PDI units were partially introduced to the perflurophenyl quinoline moieties of the homopolymer. The para-fluoro aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction was confirmed and estimated via 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopies. The two different polymer architectures, namely, fully or partially modified with PDI units, were studied in terms of their optical and electrochemical properties, while their morphology was evaluated using TEM analysis, revealing polymers of tailor-made optoelectronic and morphological properties. This work provides a novel molecule-designing method for semiconducting materials of controlled properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, GR26504 Rio-Patras, Greece
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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2
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Aivali S, Yuan P, Panidi J, Georgiadou DG, Prodromakis T, Kallitsis JK, Keivanidis PE, Andreopoulou AK. Electron Transporting Perylene Diimide-Based Random Terpolymers with Variable Co-Monomer Feed Ratio: A Route to All-Polymer-Based Photodiodes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio- Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Peisen Yuan
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou str., Limassol 3041, CYPRUS
| | - Julianna Panidi
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Building 53 (Mountbatten), Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitra G. Georgiadou
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Building 53 (Mountbatten), Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Themis Prodromakis
- Centre for Electronics Frontiers, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, University Road, Building 53 (Mountbatten), Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio- Patras GR26504, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
| | - Panagiotis E. Keivanidis
- Device Technology and Chemical Physics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou str., Limassol 3041, CYPRUS
| | - Aikaterini K. Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio- Patras GR26504, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
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3
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Hussain M, El-Zohry AM, Hou Y, Toffoletti A, Zhao J, Barbon A, Mohammed OF. Spin-Orbit Charge-Transfer Intersystem Crossing of Compact Naphthalenediimide-Carbazole Electron-Donor-Acceptor Triads. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10813-10831. [PMID: 34542290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Compact electron donor-acceptor triads based on carbazole (Cz) and naphthalenediimide (NDI) were prepared to study the spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC). By variation of the molecular conformation and electron-donating ability of the carbazole moieties, the electronic coupling between the two units was tuned, and as a result charge-transfer (CT) absorption bands with different magnitudes were observed (ε = 4000-18 000 M-1 cm-1). Interestingly, the triads with NDI attached at the 3-C position or with a phenyl spacer at the N position of the Cz moiety, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) was observed. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy indicated fast electron transfer (0.8-1.5 ps) from the Cz to NDI unit, followed by population of the triplet state (150-600 ps). Long-lived triplet states (up to τT = 45-50 μs) were observed for the triads. The solvent-polarity-dependent singlet-oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) is 0-26%. Time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectral study of TADF molecules indicated the presence of the 3CT state for NDI-Cz-Ph (zero-field-splitting parameter D = 21 G) and an 3LE state for NDI-Ph-Cz (D = 586 G). The triads were used as triplet photosensitizers in triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion by excitation into the CT absorption band; the upconversion quantum yield was ΦUC = 8.2%, and there was a large anti-Stokes shift of 0.55 eV. Spatially confined photoexcitation is achieved with the upconversion using focusing laser beam excitation, and not the normally used collimated laser beam, i.e., the upconversion was only observed at the focal point of the laser beam. Photo-driven intermolecular electron transfer was demonstrated with reversible formation of the NDI-• radical anion in the presence of the sacrificial electron donor triethanolamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushraf Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.,NUIST Reading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ahmed M El-Zohry
- KAUST Solar Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Physics - AlbaNova Universitetscentrum, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Toffoletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- KAUST Solar Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Shi Q, Wu J, Wu X, Peng A, Huang H. Perylene Diimide-Based Conjugated Polymers for All-Polymer Solar Cells. Chemistry 2020; 26:12510-12522. [PMID: 32246541 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are undergoing rapid development and emerging as a hot area in the field of organic solar cells. Among the high-performance non-fullerene acceptors, aromatic diimide-based electron acceptors remain to be highly promising systems. This review discusses the important progress of perylene diimide (PDI)-based polymers as non-fullerene acceptors in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) since 2014. The relationship between structure and property, matching aspects between donors and acceptors, and device fabrications are unveiled from a synthetic chemist perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Shi
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianfei Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Wu
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Aidong Peng
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology &, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering &, CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation &, CAS Key Laboratory of Vacuum Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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5
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Low band gap donor-acceptor-donor compounds containing carbazole and naphthalene diimide units: Synthesis, electropolymerization and spectroelectrochemical behaviour. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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6
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Aivali S, Anastasopoulos C, Andreopoulou AK, Pipertzis A, Floudas G, Kallitsis JK. A "Rigid-Flexible" Approach for Processable Perylene Diimide-Based Polymers: Influence of the Specific Architecture on the Morphological, Dielectric, Optical, and Electronic Properties. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5079-5090. [PMID: 32459484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation-break flexible spacers in-between π-conjugated segments were utilized herein toward processable perylene diimide (PDI)-based polymers. Aromatic-aliphatic PDI-based polymers were developed via the two-phase polyetherification of a phenol-difunctional PDI monomer and aliphatic dibromides. These polyethers showed excellent solubility and film-forming ability and deep lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels (-4.0 to -3.85 eV), indicating the preservation of good electron-accepting character or characteristics, despite the non-conjugated segments. Their thermodynamic properties, local dynamics, and ionic conductivity demonstrate the suppression of PDI's inherent tendency for aggregation and crystallization, suggesting PDI-polyethers as versatile candidates for organic electronic applications. Their dynamics investigation using dielectric spectroscopy revealed weak dipole moments arising from the distortion of the planar perylene cores. Blends of the PDI-polyethers (as electron acceptors) with P3HT (as a potential electron donor component) showed UV-vis absorbances from 350 to 650 nm and a tendency of the PDI-polyethers to intertwine with rr-P3HT and restrain its high crystallization tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Aivali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece
| | | | - Aikaterini K Andreopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
| | | | - George Floudas
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, German
| | - Joannis K Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, University Campus, Rio, Patras GR26504, Greece.,Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (FORTH/ICE-HT), Platani Str., Patras GR26504, Greece
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7
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Genene Z, Mammo W, Wang E, Andersson MR. Recent Advances in n-Type Polymers for All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807275. [PMID: 30790384 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) based on n- and p-type polymers have emerged as promising alternatives to fullerene-based solar cells due to their unique advantages such as good chemical and electronic adjustability, and better thermal and photochemical stabilities. Rapid advances have been made in the development of n-type polymers consisting of various electron acceptor units for all-PSCs. So far, more than 200 n-type polymer acceptors have been reported. In the last seven years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-PSCs rapidly increased and has now surpassed 10%, meaning they are approaching the performance of state-of-the-art solar cells using fullerene derivatives as acceptors. This review discusses the design criteria, synthesis, and structure-property relationships of n-type polymers that have been used in all-PSCs. Additionally, it highlights the recent progress toward photovoltaic performance enhancement of binary, ternary, and tandem all-PSCs. Finally, the challenges and prospects for further development of all-PSCs are briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdneh Genene
- Department of Chemistry, Ambo University, P. O. Box 19, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Wendimagegn Mammo
- Department of Chemistry, Addis Ababa University, P.O Box 33658, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
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8
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Dang D, Yu D, Wang E. Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Terpolymers Toward High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807019. [PMID: 30701605 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of conjugated alternating donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers with various electron-rich and electron-deficient units in polymer backbones has boosted the power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 17% for polymer solar cells (PSCs) over the past two decades. However, further enhancements in PCEs for PSCs are still imperative to compensate their imperfect stability for fulfilling practical applications. Meanwhile development of these alternating D-A copolymers is highly demanding in creative design and syntheses of novel D and/or A monomers. In this regard, when being possible to adopt an existing monomer unit as a third component from its libraries, either a D' unit or an A' moiety, to the parent D-A type polymer backbones to afford conjugated D-A terpolymers, it will give a facile and cost-effective method to improve their light absorption and tune energy levels and also interchain packing synergistically. Moreover, the rationally controlled stoichiometry for these components in such terpolymers also provides access for further fine-tuning these factors, thus resulting in high-performance PSCs. Herein, based on their unique features, the recent progress of conjugated D-A terpolymers for efficient PSCs is reviewed and it is discussed how these factors influence their photovoltaic performance, for providing useful guidelines to design new terpolymers toward high-efficiency PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Dang
- School of Science, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Donghong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research (SDC), Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Ergang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, SE-412 96, Sweden
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9
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Liu F, Hou T, Xu X, Sun L, Zhou J, Zhao X, Zhang S. Recent Advances in Nonfullerene Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiangfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Liya Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Xingang Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Johns Hopkins University; 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM); Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM); Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech); 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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10
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Gao X, Wang M, Cao X, Yang J, Zhong Y, Zhang Z, Li C, Huettner S, Tao Y, Li Y, Huang W. Cyclometalated Pt complex based random terpolymers as electron acceptors for all polymer solar cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Gao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Cao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth, 30 Universitätsstr; Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth, 30 Universitätsstr; Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| | - Sven Huettner
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, Universität Bayreuth, 30 Universitätsstr; Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| | - Youtian Tao
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Lab for Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road; Nanjing 211816 People's Republic of China
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11
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Pahlavanlu P, Tilley AJ, McAllister BT, Seferos DS. Microwave Synthesis of Thionated Naphthalene Diimide-Based Small Molecules and Polymers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12337-12345. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paniz Pahlavanlu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Bryony T. McAllister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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12
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Luo H, Liu Z, Zhang D. Conjugated D–A terpolymers for organic field-effect transistors and solar cells. Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2017.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Kortekaas L, Lancia F, Steen JD, Browne WR. Reversible Charge Trapping in Bis-Carbazole-Diimide Redox Polymers with Complete Luminescence Quenching Enabling Nondestructive Read-Out by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2017; 121:14688-14702. [PMID: 28729892 PMCID: PMC5512120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b04288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of substituted carbazole compounds through carbon-carbon bond formation upon one-electron oxidation is shown to be a highly versatile approach to the formation of redox polymer films. Although the polymerization of single carbazole units has been proposed earlier, we show that by tethering pairs of carbazoles double sequential dimerization allows for facile formation of redox polymer films with fine control over film thickness. We show that the design of the monomers and in particular the bridging units is key to polymer formation, with the diaminobenzene motif proving advantageous, in terms of the matching to the redox potentials of the monomer and polymer film and thereby avoiding limitations in film thickness (autoinsulation), but introduces unacceptable instability due to the intrinsic redox activity of this moiety. The use of a diimide protecting group both avoids complications due to p-diamino-benzene redox chemistry and provides for a redox polymer in which the photoluminescence of the bis-carbazole moiety can be switched reversibly (on/off) with redox control. The monomer design approach is versatile enabling facile incorporation of additional functional units, such as naphthalene. Here we show that a multicomponent carbazole/naphthalene containing monomer (APCNDI) can form redox polymer films showing both p- and n- conductivity under ambient conditions and allows access to five distinct redox states, and a complex electrochromic response covering the whole of the UV/vis-NIR spectral region. The highly effective quenching of the photoluminescence of both components in poly-APCNDI enables detailed characterization of the redox polymer films. The poly-APCNDI films show extensive charge trapping, which can be read out spectroscopically in the case of films and is characterized as kinetic rather than chemical in origin on the basis of UV/vis-NIR absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopic analyses. The strong resonantly enhanced Raman scattering for the various oxidized and reduced states of APCNDI enables nondestructive "read-out" of the state of the polymer, including that in which charges are trapped kinetically at the surface, making poly-APCNDI highly suitable for application as a component in organic nonvolatile memory devices.
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14
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Dai S, Huang S, Yu H, Ling Q, Zhan X. Perylene and naphthalene diimide copolymers for all-polymer solar cells: Effect of perylene/naphthalene ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Dai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007 China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Haifeng Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fujian Normal University; Fuzhou 350007 China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education; Peking University; Beijing 100871 China
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15
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Sharma S, Kolhe NB, Gupta V, Bharti V, Sharma A, Datt R, Chand S, Asha SK. Improved All-Polymer Solar Cell Performance of n-Type Naphthalene Diimide–Bithiophene P(NDI2OD-T2) Copolymer by Incorporation of Perylene Diimide as Coacceptor. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Sharma
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India 411008
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
| | - Nagesh B. Kolhe
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India 411008
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
| | - Vinay Gupta
- CSIR-Network Institutes of Solar
Energy, New Delhi, India
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - Vishal Bharti
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - Abhishek Sharma
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - Ram Datt
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - Suresh Chand
- CSIR-Network Institutes of Solar
Energy, New Delhi, India
- National
Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India 110012
| | - S. K. Asha
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India 411008
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India 110025
- CSIR-Network Institutes of Solar
Energy, New Delhi, India
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16
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Al Kobaisi M, Bhosale SV, Latham K, Raynor AM, Bhosale SV. Functional Naphthalene Diimides: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11685-11796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 557] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Kobaisi
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Sidhanath V. Bhosale
- Polymers
and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
, Hyderabad, Telangana-500007, India
| | - Kay Latham
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Aaron M. Raynor
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
| | - Sheshanath V. Bhosale
- School
of Applied Sciences, RMIT University
, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria
3001, Australia
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17
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Kim Y, Cho HH, Kim T, Liao K, Kim BJ. Terpolymer approach for controlling the crystalline behavior of naphthalene diimide-based polymer acceptors and enhancing the performance of all-polymer solar cells. Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2016.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Bridges CR, Guo C, Yan H, Miltenburg MB, Li P, Li Y, Seferos DS. Conjugated Polymers with Switchable Carrier Polarity. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Colin R. Bridges
- Department
of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Chang Guo
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology
(WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West ON, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Han Yan
- Department
of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Mark B. Miltenburg
- Department
of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yuning Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology
(WIN), University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West ON, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dwight S. Seferos
- Department
of Chemistry, Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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19
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Kim J, Kim T, Kim NH, Kim J, Shim JY, Kim I, Chun HH, Kim JY, Jin JS, Kim JP, Jeong ED, Suh H. Syntheses and solar cell applications of conjugated copolymers containing tetrafluorophenylene units. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Hwang YJ, Earmme T, Courtright BAE, Eberle FN, Jenekhe SA. n-Type Semiconducting Naphthalene Diimide-Perylene Diimide Copolymers: Controlling Crystallinity, Blend Morphology, and Compatibility Toward High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4424-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja513260w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Taeshik Earmme
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Brett A. E. Courtright
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Frank N. Eberle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Samson A. Jenekhe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
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21
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Li H, Hwang YJ, Earmme T, Huber RC, Courtright BAE, O’Brien C, Tolbert SH, Jenekhe SA. Polymer/Polymer Blend Solar Cells Using Tetraazabenzodifluoranthene Diimide Conjugated Polymers as Electron Acceptors. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/ma502042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Li
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Ye-Jin Hwang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Taeshik Earmme
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Rachel C. Huber
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Brett A. E. Courtright
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Conor O’Brien
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
| | - Sarah H. Tolbert
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los
Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Samson A. Jenekhe
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1750, United States
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22
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Abstract
Non-fullerene organic molecules are alternative and competitive acceptor materials for high-efficiency organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlang Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
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23
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Xiao B, Ding G, Tan Z, Zhou E. A comparison of n-type copolymers based on cyclopentadithiophene and naphthalene diimide/perylene diimides for all-polymer solar cell applications. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT)-based n-type copolymers, PCPDT-NDI and PCPDT-PDI, were synthesized and used in all-polymer solar cells with PCE of 1.12% and 2.13%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Guodong Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Novel Thin Film Solar Cells
- School of Renewable Energy
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing 102206
- P. R. China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- Yangtze River Delta Academy of Nanotechnology and Industry Development Research
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24
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Dai S, Cheng P, Lin Y, Wang Y, Ma L, Ling Q, Zhan X. Perylene and naphthalene diimide polymers for all-polymer solar cells: a comparative study of chemical copolymerization and physical blend. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five copolymers, having 4,4,9,9-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]-dithiophene as a donor unit, and perylene diimide (PDI) and/or naphthalene diimide (NDI) as acceptor moieties, were synthesized, and used as electron acceptors in polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuixing Dai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- China
| | - Pei Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yuze Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Lanchao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Organic Solids
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Qidan Ling
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou 350007
- China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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25
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Gao D, Gibson GL, Hollinger J, Li P, Seferos DS. ‘Blocky’ donor–acceptor polymers containing selenophene, benzodithiophene and thienothiophene for improved molecular ordering. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00276a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthetic route to blocky D–A copolymers consisting of selenophene, benzodithiophene, and thienothiophene is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Gao
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - Jon Hollinger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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26
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Kim A, Lee DH, Um HA, Shin J, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Tunable light harvesting properties of a highly crystalline alternating terpolymer for high-performing solar cells. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of a polymer structure on photovoltaic performances, an A–D1–A–D2 type terpolymer system of PDPPPyT was synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesun Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Um
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jicheol Shin
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701
- Republic of Korea
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