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Baidya SK, Patel T, Himaja A, Banerjee S, Das S, Ghosh B, Jha T, Adhikari N. Biphenylsulfonamides as effective MMP-2 inhibitors with promising antileukemic efficacy: Synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, molecular docking, and MD simulation analysis. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22255. [PMID: 39233391 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) possesses a correlation with leukemia especially chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, no such MMP-2 inhibitor has come out in the market to date for treating leukemia. In this study, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling studies of a set of biphenylsulfonamide derivatives as promising MMP-2 inhibitors were performed, focusing on their potential applications as antileukemic therapeutics. Compounds DH-18 and DH-19 exerted the most effective MMP-2 inhibition (IC50 of 139.45 nM and 115.16 nM, respectively) with potent antileukemic efficacy against the CML cell line K562 (IC50 of 0.338 µM and 0.398 µM, respectively). The lead molecules DH-18 and DH-19 reduced the MMP-2 expression by 21.3% and 17.8%, respectively with effective apoptotic induction (45.4% and 39.8%, respectively) in the K562 cell line. Moreover, both these compounds significantly arrested different phases of the cell cycle. Again, both these molecules depicted promising antiangiogenic efficacy in the ACHN cell line. Nevertheless, the molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies revealed that DH-18 formed strong bidentate chelation with the catalytic Zn2+ ion through the hydroxamate zinc binding group (ZBG). Apart from that, the MD simulation study also disclosed stable binding interactions of DH-18 and MMP-2 along with crucial interactions with active site amino acid residues namely His120, Glu121, His124, His130, Pro140, and Tyr142. In a nutshell, this study highlighted the importance of biphenylsulfonamide-based novel and promising MMP-2 inhibitors to open up a new avenue for potential therapy against CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip K Baidya
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Natural Science Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- School of Pharmacy, Sister Nivedita University, Kolkata, India
| | - Tarun Patel
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ambati Himaja
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suvankar Banerjee
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Natural Science Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Sanjib Das
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Natural Science Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
- School of Pharmacy, Sister Nivedita University, Kolkata, India
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tarun Jha
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Natural Science Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Nilanjan Adhikari
- Division of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Natural Science Laboratory, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
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Alonso A, de la Gala F, Vara E, Hortal J, Piñeiro P, Reyes A, Simón C, Garutti I. Lung and blood perioperative metalloproteinases in patients undergoing oncologic lung surgery: Prognostic implications. Thorac Cancer 2024; 15:307-315. [PMID: 38155459 PMCID: PMC10834222 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been reported to be related to oncologic outcomes. The main goal of the study was to study the relationship between these proteins and the long-term prognosis of patients undergoing oncologic lung resection surgery. METHODS This was a substudy of the phase IV randomized control trial (NCT02168751). We analyzed MMP-2, -3, -7, and -9 in blood samples and bronchoalveolar lavage (LBA) and the relationship between MMPs and long postoperative outcomes (survival and disease-free time of oncologic recurrence). RESULTS Survival was longer in patients who had lower MMP-2 levels than those with higher MMP-2 in blood samples taken 6 h after surgery (6.8 vs. 5.22 years; p = 0.012) and MMP-3 (6.82 vs. 5.35 years; p = 0.03). In contrast, survival was longer when MMP-3 levels were higher in LBA from oncologic lung patients than those with lower MMP-3 (7.96 vs. 6.02 years; p = 0.005). Recurrence-free time was longer in patients who had lower MMP-3 levels in blood samples versus higher (5.97 vs. 4.23 years; p = 0.034) as well as lower MMP-7 (5.96 vs. 4.5 years; p = 0.041) or lower MMP-9 in LBA samples (6.21 vs. 4.18 years; p = 0.012). CONCLUSION MMPs were monitored during the perioperative period of oncologic lung resection surgery. These biomarkers were associated with mortality and recurrence-free time. The role of the different MMPs analyzed during the study do not have the same prognostic implications after this kind of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Alonso
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gregorio Marañon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco de la Gala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gregorio Marañon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology III, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Hortal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gregorio Marañon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Piñeiro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gregorio Marañon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Reyes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gregorio Marañon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gregorio Marañon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Garutti
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gregorio Marañon University General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Pietrzak J, Wosiak A, Szmajda-Krygier D, Świechowski R, Łochowski M, Pązik M, Balcerczak E. Correlation of TIMP1-MMP2/MMP9 Gene Expression Axis Changes with Treatment Efficacy and Survival of NSCLC Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1777. [PMID: 37509417 PMCID: PMC10376864 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the course of lung cancer, normal cells are transformed into cancerous ones, and changes occur in the microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is not only a scaffold for cells, but also a reservoir of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are among the elements that enable ECM remodeling. The publication focuses on the problem of changes in the gene expression of MMP2, MMP9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP1) in the blood of NSCLC patients during therapy (one year after surgical resection of the tumor). The paper also analyzes differences in the expression of the studied genes in the tumor tissue, as well as data collected in publicly available databases. The results of blood tests showed no differences in the expression of the tested genes during therapy; however, changes were observed in cancerous tissue, which was characterized by higher expression of MMP2 and MMP9, compared to non-cancerous tissue, and unchanged expression of TIMP1. Nevertheless, higher expression of each of the studied genes was associated with shorter patient survival. Interestingly, it was not only the increased expression of metalloproteinase genes, but also the increased expression of the metalloproteinase inhibitor (TIMP1) that was unfavorable for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Pietrzak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wosiak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dagmara Szmajda-Krygier
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Świechowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Łochowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Pabianicka 62, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Milena Pązik
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, BRaIN Laboratories, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 4, 92-216 Lodz, Poland
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Gonzalez-Avila G, Sommer B, Garcia-Hernandez AA, Ramos C, Delgado J, Vazquez L, Gonzalez RA, Sandoval C, Flores-Soto E. Matrix Metalloproteinases and Stress Hormones in Lung Cancer Progression. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5349691. [PMID: 36213817 PMCID: PMC9536982 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5349691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and psychological stress are associated with poor cancer prognosis. The current work goal was to determine MMPs' and stress hormones' blood concentrations from lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) patients. Patients were divided into the following groups: tobacco smokers (TS), wood smoke-exposed (W), passive smokers (PS), TS exposed to wood smoke (TW), and patients with no recognizable risk factor (N). MMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol blood concentrations were measured by ELISA. Zymography and Western blot assays were performed to determine MMP-2 and MMP-9 active and latent forms. MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 blood concentrations, and MMP-9 gelatinase activity were augmented, while MMP-12, MMP-14, and TIMP-2 were diminished in LAC patients. Cortisol was increased in LAC samples. Adrenaline concentrations were higher in W, TS, and TW, and noradrenaline was increased in W and N groups. Positive correlations were observed among cortisol and TIMP-1 (r s = 0.392) and TIMP-2 (r s = 0.409) in the W group and between noradrenaline and MMP-2 (r s = 0.391) in the N group. MMPs' blood concentration increments can be considered as lung cancer progression markers. Although stress hormones were also augmented, only weak correlations were observed between them and MMPs and TIMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Gonzalez-Avila
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Bettina Sommer
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP, Mexico
| | - A. Armando Garcia-Hernandez
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Departamento de Investigación en Fibrosis Pulmonar, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Javier Delgado
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Lilia Vazquez
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Rosa A. Gonzalez
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Cuauhtemoc Sandoval
- Laboratorio Oncología Biomédica, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080 Ciudad de México, CP, Mexico
| | - Edgar Flores-Soto
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, CP, Mexico
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Arenas-De Larriva MDS, Fernández-Vega A, Jurado-Gamez B, Ortea I. diaPASEF Proteomics and Feature Selection for the Description of Sputum Proteome Profiles in a Cohort of Different Subtypes of Lung Cancer Patients and Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8737. [PMID: 35955870 PMCID: PMC9369298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mortality, the presence of an initial asymptomatic stage and the fact that diagnosis in early stages reduces mortality justify the implementation of screening programs in the populations at risk of lung cancer. It is imperative to develop less aggressive methods that can complement existing diagnosis technologies. In this study, we aimed to identify lung cancer protein biomarkers and pathways affected in sputum samples, using the recently developed diaPASEF mass spectrometry (MS) acquisition mode. The sputum proteome of lung cancer cases and controls was analyzed through nano-HPLC-MS using the diaPASEF mode. For functional analysis, the results from differential expression analysis were further analyzed in the STRING platform, and feature selection was performed using sparse partial least squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA). Our results showed an activation of inflammation, with an alteration of pathways and processes related to acute-phase, complement, and immune responses. The resulting sPLS-DA model separated between case and control groups with high levels of sensitivity and specificity. In conclusion, we showed how new-generation proteomics can be used to detect potential biomarkers in sputum samples, and ultimately to discriminate patients from controls and even to help to differentiate between different cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Sol Arenas-De Larriva
- Pneumology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Bernabe Jurado-Gamez
- Pneumology Department, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ortea
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of Cadiz (INiBICA), 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Proteomics Unit, CINN, CSIC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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D’Amato M, Iadarola P, Viglio S. Proteomic Analysis of Human Sputum for the Diagnosis of Lung Disorders: Where Are We Today? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105692. [PMID: 35628501 PMCID: PMC9144372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of markers of inflammatory activity at the early stages of pulmonary diseases which share common characteristics that prevent their clear differentiation is of great significance to avoid misdiagnosis, and to understand the intrinsic molecular mechanism of the disorder. The combination of electrophoretic/chromatographic methods with mass spectrometry is currently a promising approach for the identification of candidate biomarkers of a disease. Since the fluid phase of sputum is a rich source of proteins which could provide an early diagnosis of specific lung disorders, it is frequently used in these studies. This report focuses on the state-of-the-art of the application, over the last ten years (2011-2021), of sputum proteomics in the investigation of severe lung disorders such as COPD; asthma; cystic fibrosis; lung cancer and those caused by COVID-19 infection. Analysis of the complete set of proteins found in sputum of patients affected by these disorders has allowed the identification of proteins whose levels change in response to the organism's condition. Understanding proteome dynamism may help in associating these proteins with alterations in the physiology or progression of diseases investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura D’Amato
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.V.)
| | - Paolo Iadarola
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Viglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.); (S.V.)
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Wang JP, Yan JP, Xu J, Yin TH, Zheng RQ, Wang W. Paclitaxel-loaded nanobubble targeted to pro-gastrin-releasing peptide inhibits the growth of small cell lung cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6637-6649. [PMID: 31406477 PMCID: PMC6642650 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s199175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this work was to study the effects of paclitaxel-loaded nanobubbles targeting pro-gastrin-releasing peptide, designated as paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles, on small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods Paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles were prepared by Thin-film hydration method. Subsequently, the prepared nanomaterials were tested for their in vitro effects on SCLC H446 cells proliferation, apoptosis and motility using the CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry and cell scratch test. Next, the potential molecular regulatory mechanisms of the prepared nanomaterials on H446 cells were evaluated by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical detection. Finally, the in vivo effects of the constructed nanomaterials were assessed on SCLC tumor using tumor-burdened nude mice models. Results Paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles significantly inhibited SCLC cell proliferation and migration, and promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, the expression levels of Bcl-2, survivin, CDK2 and MMP-2 significantly decreased in SCLC cells treated with paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles, whereas the expression of caspase-3 and Rb were increased. There was a notable decrease in tumor size in vivo in SCLC nude mice models treated with paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles. Conclusion Paclitaxel targeting nanobubbles effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of SCLC cells and induced SCLC cells apoptosis. Hence, these nanobubbles show potential in SCLC-targeted drug treatment application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Ping Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanxi Province People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Hui Yin
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Qin Zheng
- Department of Medical Ultrasonic, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
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Apo-10'-lycopenoic acid inhibits cancer cell migration and angiogenesis and induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 56:26-34. [PMID: 29454996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE We have previously shown that apo-10'-lycopenoic acid (ALA), a derivative of lycopene through cleavage by carotene-9',10'-oxygenase, inhibits tumor progression and metastasis in both liver and lung cancer animal models. The underlying mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized that ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis by up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) which is involved in controlling angiogenesis, tumor progression and metastasis. METHODS AND RESULTS ALA treatment, in dose-dependent manner, was effective at inhibiting migration and invasion of liver and lung cancer cells (HuH7 and A549) in both Transwell and wound-healing models, as well as suppressing actin remodeling and ruffling/lamellipodia formation in HuH7 and immortalized lung BEAS-2B cells. ALA treatment resulted in suppression of angiogenesis in both tube formation and aortic ring assays and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and activation in both HuH7 and A549 cells. Additionally, ALA dose-dependently increased the mRNA expression and protein levels of PPARγ in human THLE-2 liver cells. CONCLUSION ALA inhibits cancer cell motility and angiogenesis and induces PPARγ expression, which could be one of the potential mechanisms for ALA protecting against tumor progression.
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Cao C, Xu N, Zheng X, Zhang W, Lai T, Deng Z, Huang X. Elevated expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 cooperatively correlates with risk of lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:80560-80567. [PMID: 29113325 PMCID: PMC5655220 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common form of malignant diseases and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. It is reported that approximately two-thirds of lung cancer patients is the presence of advance disease at the time of diagnosis. Hence novel lung cancer diagnostic tests, which can be used to screen individuals at high risk, are required. In the derivation cohort, a total of 88 patients admitted into hospital with suspected lung cancer were included. Bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue samples were collected from included patients, and were analyzed for MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression. The results showed a higher level of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 expression and secretion in airways of lung cancer patients than that of benign diseases. A statistically significant correlation was observed between MMP-2 and TIMP-2. In addition, a validation cohort involving 107 patients was conducted to confirm these results. Interesting, BALF MMP-2 and TIMP-2 showed a high sensitivity and specificity in predicting the malignant nature of pulmonary disease in both derivation cohort and validation cohort. The findings in this study suggested that elevated expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 cooperatively correlates with risk of lung cancer. Measurement of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in BALF might be helpful for differential diagnosis of primary lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenxue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Department of Respiratory, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zaichun Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
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Xie B, Xie X, Rao B, Liu S, Liu H. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Inhibitory Effects of Qingzaojiufei Decoction on Tumor Growth in Lewis Lung Carcinoma. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 17:467-476. [PMID: 28617188 PMCID: PMC6041919 DOI: 10.1177/1534735417694953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Qingzaojiufei decoction (QD) is an empirical herbal
formula from traditional Chinese medicine that is used for the treatment of
lung-related diseases. However, the effect of QD on the growth of lung tumor
cells has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the
antitumor activity of QD in Lewis lung carcinomas (LLC) in vivo and in vitro,
and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: The LLC cells
were used to assess the antitumor activity of QD by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay in
vitro. In vivo, mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 10/group): the
model control (MC) group was intragastrically administered physiological saline
(0.9% NaCl) twice daily from day 2 after tumor implantation for 2 weeks. The QD
groups were intragastrically administered QD twice daily from 2 weeks before to
2 weeks after tumor implantation for 4 weeks. The mRNA levels were detected by
quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the proteins expression was determined
by immunohistochemistry or western blotting. Results: Compared with
the model group, QD showed inhibition of proliferation of LLC cells and
reductions in tumor weight and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein
expression. Furthermore, QD up-regulated p53 mRNA expression, and downregulated
c-myc and Bcl-2 mRNA expression, while MMP-9, VEGF, and VEGFR protein expression
was suppressed. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 levels were also reduced by QD in a
dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that QD
inhibited lung tumor growth and proliferation, by activation of tumor suppressor
genes, inactivation of oncogenes, suppressing the potential for invasion and
metastasis, and attenuating angiogenesis. The ERK/VEGF/MMPs signaling pathways
may play an important role in QD-induced inhibition of malignant tumor cell
proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xie
- 1 Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiong Xie
- 1 Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Rao
- 1 Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengzhang Liu
- 1 Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongning Liu
- 1 Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Isaacson KJ, Martin Jensen M, Subrahmanyam NB, Ghandehari H. Matrix-metalloproteinases as targets for controlled delivery in cancer: An analysis of upregulation and expression. J Control Release 2017; 259:62-75. [PMID: 28153760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While commonly known for degradation of the extracellular matrix, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exhibit broad potential for use in targeting of bioactive and imaging agents in cancer treatment. MMPs are upregulated at all stages of expression in cancers. A comprehensive analysis of published literature on expression of all MMP subtypes at the genetic, protein, and activity levels in normal and diseased tissues indicate targeting applicability in a variety of cancers. This expression significantly increases at advanced cancer stages, providing an improved opportunity for controlled release in higher-stage patients. Since MMPs are integral at every stage of metastasis, MMP roles in cancer are discussed with a focus on MMP distribution and mobility within cells and tumors for cancer targeting applications. Several strategies for MMP utilization in targeting - such as matrix degradation, MMP cleavage, MMP binding, and MMP-induced environmental changes - are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Isaacson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Martin Jensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nithya B Subrahmanyam
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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12
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Ławicki S, Zajkowska M, Głażewska EK, Będkowska GE, Szmitkowski M. Plasma levels and diagnostic utility of VEGF, MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in the diagnostics of breast cancer patients. Biomarkers 2016; 22:157-164. [PMID: 27775427 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1252955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated plasma levels and diagnostic utility of vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in comparison to cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3). METHODS Plasma levels of tested parameters were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while CA 15-3 with chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). RESULTS The plasma levels of VEGF, TIMP-2 showed significantly higher than CA 15-3 values of the diagnostic sensitivity, the predictive values of positive and negative test results (PPV, NPV) and the area under the receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) in early stages of breast cancer (BC). The combined use of the tested parameters with CA 15-3 resulted in the increase in sensitivity, NPV and AUC, especially in the combination with VEGF (83%; 72%; 0.888) and TIMP-2 (83%; 72%; 0.894). The highest values were obtained for combination of all three parameters (93%; 85%; 0.923). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest the usefulness of the tested parameters in the diagnosis of BC, especially VEGF and TIMP-2 with CA 15-3 in early stages of BC, which could be a new diagnostic panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Ławicki
- a Department of Biochemical Diagnostics , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Monika Zajkowska
- a Department of Biochemical Diagnostics , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
| | | | | | - Maciej Szmitkowski
- a Department of Biochemical Diagnostics , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
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13
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Wan Z, Jiang D, Chen S, Jiao J, Ji L, Shah AS, Wei H, Yang X, Li X, Wang Y, Xiao J. T-box transcription factor brachyury promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 12. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:306-14. [PMID: 27176766 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
T-box transcription factor brachyury and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell invasion and metastasis. However, the association between Brachyury and the MMP family has not yet been fully investigated. The present study aimed to assess the influence of Brachyury on the expression of 23 MMP members and to further explore the mechanisms involved in the promotion of NSCLC cell invasion by Brachyury and MMPs in the H460 and H1299 stable cell lines. The protein expression levels and correlations between the brachyury transcription factor and the targeted MMPs were also validated in 52 NSCLC patient tissue samples. We observed that brachyury significantly upregulated MMP12 expression to promote NSCLC cell invasion. We also found a potential binding site for the brachyury transcription factor in the MMP12 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongmiao Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Dongjie Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Abdus Saboor Shah
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- The Institute of Aging Research, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, P.R. China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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14
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Abstract
As our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying cancer development and progression has increased, so too have more effective, less toxic, and targeted therapies begun to reach the clinic. However, the full impact of these clinical advances and the practical success of the emerging field of precision medicine are dependent on the discovery and validation of sensitive and accurate biomarkers that can enable appropriate and rigorous sample type and patient selection, reliable longitudinal monitoring of therapeutic efficacy, and even risk assessment and early detection. Within the context of this review, we examine state-of-the-art approaches to the discovery and validation of noninvasive cancer biomarkers, with a specific emphasis on those that are protein or protein-associated ones. We also review sample selection strategies, currently utilized proteomic approaches for both discovery and validation requirements, and data analysis standards. Finally, we provide examples of these elements of biomarker discovery and validation from our own biomarker research.
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15
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Zhang T, Cui G, Yao YL, Guo Y, Wang QC, Li XN, Feng WM. Inhibition of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Cell Migration by Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1-small Hairpin RNA Through Inhibiting Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition, Extracellular Matrix Degradation, and Src Phosphorylation In Vitro. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:1202-8. [PMID: 25947404 PMCID: PMC4831548 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.156126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein arginine methyltransferases 1 (PRMT1) is over-expressed in a variety of cancers, including lung cancer, and is correlated with a poor prognosis of tumor development. This study aimed to investigate the role of PRMT1 in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) migration in vitro. Methods: In this study, PRMT1 expression in the NSCLC cell line A549 was silenced using lentiviral vector-mediated short hairpin RNAs. Cell migration was measured using both scratch wound healing and transwell cell migration assays. The mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, 2 (TIMP1, 2) were measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of protein markers for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (E-cadherin, N-cadherin), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, AKT, and their corresponding phosphorylated states were detected by Western blot. Results: Cell migration was significantly inhibited in the PRMT1 silenced group compared to the control group. The mRNA expression of MMP-2 decreased while TIMP1 and TIMP2 increased significantly. E-cadherin mRNA expression also increased while N-cadherin decreased. Only phosphorylated Src levels decreased in the silenced group while FAK or AKT remained unchanged. Conclusions: PRMT1-small hairpin RNA inhibits the migration abilities of NSCLC A549 cells by inhibiting EMT, extracellular matrix degradation, and Src phosphorylation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ge Cui
- Department of Pathology, Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000, China
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16
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Dahiya K, Dhankhar R. Updated overview of current biomarkers in head and neck carcinoma. World J Methodol 2016; 6:77-86. [PMID: 27018324 PMCID: PMC4804254 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v6.i1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell cancer is the most common type of malignancy arising from the epithelial cells of the head and neck region. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the predominant causes of cancer related casualties worldwide. Overall prognosis in this disease has improved to some extent with the advancements in therapeutic modalities but detection of primary tumor at its initial stage and prevention of relapse are the major targets to be achieved for further improvement in terms of survival rate of patients. Latest achievements in basic research regarding molecular characterization of the disease has helped in better perception of the molecular mechanisms involved in HNSCC progression and also in recognizing and targeting various molecular biomarkers associated with HNSCC. In the present article, we review the information regarding latest and potential biomarkers for the early detection of HNSCC. A detailed molecular characterization, ultimately, is likely to improve the development of new therapeutic strategies, potentially relevant to diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancers. The need for more accurate and timely disease prediction has generated enormous research interests in this field.
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17
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Zhou J, Hualong Q, Zhou P, Guo F. Different maspin functions in the lung adenocarcinoma A549 and SPC-A1 cell lines. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1440-8. [PMID: 26329803 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary serine protease inhibitor (maspin) is a tumor suppressor gene that is silenced in the majority of cancer cells during metastatic progression by transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms. The function of maspin in non‑small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC) has not been clearly defined. In the present study, the expression of maspin in NSCLC cell lines, in particular, the adenocarcinoma cell lines, was heterogeneous. While the expression levels of maspin in PC‑9 and H460 cell lines were intact, the expression of maspin in the A549 and SPC‑A1 cells was hardly detected. Ectopic expression of maspin in A549 cells carrying the K‑ras gene point mutation significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion abilities, which was associated with downregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase‑2 and integrin β1. Ectopic expression of maspin in SPC‑A1 cells harboring the wild‑type K‑ras gene predominantly affected cell growth via targeting the AKT signaling molecules. Maspin functions differently in lung adenocarcinoma cells, possibly due to the varied molecular characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Qin Hualong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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18
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Birse CE, Lagier RJ, FitzHugh W, Pass HI, Rom WN, Edell ES, Bungum AO, Maldonado F, Jett JR, Mesri M, Sult E, Joseloff E, Li A, Heidbrink J, Dhariwal G, Danis C, Tomic JL, Bruce RJ, Moore PA, He T, Lewis ME, Ruben SM. Blood-based lung cancer biomarkers identified through proteomic discovery in cancer tissues, cell lines and conditioned medium. Clin Proteomics 2015; 12:18. [PMID: 26279647 PMCID: PMC4537594 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-015-9090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Support for early detection of lung cancer has emerged from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), in which low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening reduced lung cancer mortality by 20 % relative to chest x-ray. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently recommended annual screening for the high-risk population, concluding that the benefits (life years gained) outweighed harms (false positive findings, abortive biopsy/surgery, radiation exposure). In making their recommendation, the USPSTF noted that the moderate net benefit of screening was dependent on the resolution of most false-positive results without invasive procedures. Circulating biomarkers may serve as a valuable adjunctive tool to imaging. Results We developed a broad-based proteomics discovery program, integrating liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) analyses of freshly resected lung tumor specimens (n = 13), lung cancer cell lines (n = 17), and conditioned media collected from tumor cell lines (n = 7). To enrich for biomarkers likely to be found at elevated levels in the peripheral circulation of lung cancer patients, proteins were prioritized based on predicted subcellular localization (secreted, cell-membrane associated) and differential expression in disease samples. 179 candidate biomarkers were identified. Several markers selected for further validation showed elevated levels in serum collected from subjects with stage I NSCLC (n = 94), relative to healthy smoker controls (n = 189). An 8-marker model was developed (TFPI, MDK, OPN, MMP2, TIMP1, CEA, CYFRA 21–1, SCC) which accurately distinguished subjects with lung cancer (n = 50) from high risk smokers (n = 50) in an independent validation study (AUC = 0.775). Conclusions Integrating biomarker discovery from multiple sample types (fresh tissue, cell lines and conditioned medium) has resulted in a diverse repertoire of candidate biomarkers. This unique collection of biomarkers may have clinical utility in lung cancer detection and diagnoses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12014-015-9090-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Birse
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Robert J Lagier
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - William FitzHugh
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Harvey I Pass
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, 530 First Avenue, New York, NY USA
| | - William N Rom
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Eric S Edell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Aaron O Bungum
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Fabien Maldonado
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - James R Jett
- Division of Oncology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Erin Sult
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Elizabeth Joseloff
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Aiqun Li
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Jenny Heidbrink
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Gulshan Dhariwal
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Chad Danis
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Jennifer L Tomic
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Robert J Bruce
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Paul A Moore
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Tao He
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Marcia E Lewis
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
| | - Steve M Ruben
- Celera employees during the course of these studies, Celera, 1311 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, CA 94502 USA
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Vishnoi M, Mishra DK, Thrall MJ, Kurie JM, Kim MP. Circulating tumor cells from a 4-dimensional lung cancer model are resistant to cisplatin. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:1056-63; discussion 1063-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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