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Yan G, Chen J, Luo S, Zhang K, Chen Q. Identification of novel carbonic anhydrase II receptor-targeting drugs for treating myocardial infarction through the mechanism of Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu decoction. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:8215-8228. [PMID: 37602430 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2246305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a significant threat to human health and life. Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu Decoction (XFZYD), a renowned traditional Chinese medicine prescription for treating myocardial infarction, is known to play a significant role in the management of MI. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Through network pharmacology analysis of compound-target interactions, we have identified Carbonic Anhydrase II (CA2) as a critical target for XFZYD in the treatment of MI. Subsequently, we will embark on a target-based drug design approach with a focus on CA2 as the key target: Pharmacophore modeling: Two pharmacophore models were developed and validated to screen for small molecules with CA2 inhibitory features. Virtual screening: Based on two pharmacophore models, small molecules with the property of binding to the CA2 target were screened from a virtual screening library. Molecular docking: Molecular docking was employed to identify small molecules with stable binding affinity to CA2. ADMET prediction: ADMET models were utilized to screen for small molecules with favorable pharmacological properties. Molecular dynamics: Molecular dynamics simulations were further conducted to analyze the binding modes of the selected small molecules with CA2, ultimately resulting in the identification of Ligand 3 and Ligand 5 as small molecule inhibitors targeting CA2. Finally, the mechanisms underlying the anti-MI effects were discussed. The primary objective of this article is to uncover the mechanism by which XFZYD acts on MI and utilize it for drug development. These findings provide novel avenues for the development of anti-MI drugs.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofei Yan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Vascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufang Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Hunan, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Youse MS, Abutaleb NS, Nocentini A, S Abdelsattar A, Ali F, Supuran CT, Seleem MN, Flaherty DP. Optimization of Ethoxzolamide Analogs with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties for In Vivo Efficacy against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Med Chem 2024; 67:15537-15556. [PMID: 39141375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Drug-resistant gonorrhea is caused by the bacterial pathogen Neisseria gonorrhoeae, for which there is no recommended oral treatment. We have demonstrated that the FDA-approved human carbonic anhydrase inhibitor ethoxzolamide potently inhibits N. gonorrhoeae; however, is not effective at reducing N. gonorrhoeae bioburden in a mouse model. Thus, we sought to optimize the pharmacokinetic properties of the ethoxzolamide scaffold. These efforts resulted in analogs with improved activity against N. gonorrhoeae, increased metabolic stability in mouse liver microsomes, and improved Caco-2 permeability compared to ethoxzolamide. Improvement in these properties resulted in increased plasma exposure in vivo after oral dosing. Top compounds were investigated for in vivo efficacy in a vaginal mouse model of gonococcal genital tract infection, and they significantly decreased the gonococcal burden compared to vehicle and ethoxzolamide controls. Altogether, results from this study provide evidence that ethoxzolamide-based compounds have the potential to be effective oral therapeutics against gonococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly S Youse
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze 50122, Italy
| | - Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Farman Ali
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze 50122, Italy
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Zhang R, Liu Y, Yu F, Xu G, Li L, Li B, Lou Z. Structural basis of the recognition of adeno-associated virus by the neurological system-related receptor carbonic anhydrase IV. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011953. [PMID: 38315719 PMCID: PMC10868842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IV (Car4) is a newly identified receptor that allows adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9P31 to cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve efficient infection in the central nervous system (CNS) in mouse models. However, the molecular mechanism by which engineered AAV capsids with 7-mer insertion in the variable region (VR) VIII recognize these novel cellular receptors is unknown. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of AAV9P31 and its complex with Mus musculus Car4 at atomic resolution by utilizing the block-based reconstruction (BBR) method. The structures demonstrated that Car4 binds to the protrusions at 3-fold axes of the capsid. The inserted 7-mer extends into a hydrophobic region near the catalytic center of Car4 to form stable interactions. Mutagenesis studies also identified the key residues in Car4 responsible for the AAV9P31 interaction. These findings provide new insights into the novel receptor recognition mechanism of AAV generated by directed evolution and highlight the application of the BBR method to studying the virus-receptor molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Jinshan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixiao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxi Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangxue Xu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lili Li
- Beijing Institute of Biological Products Company Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Baobin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Lou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Science, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Shay TF, Sullivan EE, Ding X, Chen X, Ravindra Kumar S, Goertsen D, Brown D, Crosby A, Vielmetter J, Borsos M, Wolfe DA, Lam AW, Gradinaru V. Primate-conserved carbonic anhydrase IV and murine-restricted LY6C1 enable blood-brain barrier crossing by engineered viral vectors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6618. [PMID: 37075114 PMCID: PMC10115422 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) presents a major challenge for delivering large molecules to study and treat the central nervous system. This is due in part to the scarcity of targets known to mediate BBB crossing. To identify novel targets, we leverage a panel of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) previously identified through mechanism-agnostic directed evolution for improved BBB transcytosis. Screening potential cognate receptors for enhanced BBB crossing, we identify two targets: murine-restricted LY6C1 and widely conserved carbonic anhydrase IV (CA-IV). We apply AlphaFold-based in silico methods to generate capsid-receptor binding models to predict the affinity of AAVs for these identified receptors. Demonstrating how these tools can unlock target-focused engineering strategies, we create an enhanced LY6C1-binding vector, AAV-PHP.eC, that, unlike our prior PHP.eB, also works in Ly6a-deficient mouse strains such as BALB/cJ. Combined with structural insights from computational modeling, the identification of primate-conserved CA-IV enables the design of more specific and potent human brain-penetrant chemicals and biologicals, including gene delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F. Shay
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. (T.F.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Erin E. Sullivan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Ding
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sripriya Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Goertsen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Brown
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Anaya Crosby
- California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jost Vielmetter
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Máté Borsos
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Damien A. Wolfe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Annie W. Lam
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. (T.F.S.); (V.G.)
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5
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Zahran RF, Geba ZM, Tabll AA, Mashaly MM. Therapeutic potential of a novel combination of Curcumin with Sulfamethoxazole against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in Swiss albino mice. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:13. [PMID: 32363509 PMCID: PMC7196577 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current study, we have investigated the effect of each of curcumin (CUR) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) either separate or mixed together (CUR + SMX) on biochemical, hematological and histological alternations associated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. RESULTS CCl4, caused changes of several biomarkers, proving its hepatotoxic effects, such as an increase in aminotransferases liver enzymes alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT, AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) formation, with a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSSG), total antioxidant capacity (TAO), glutathione (GSH), total protein, and albumin, compared to a negative control mice group. Compared to the CCl4 group of mice, the CUR and SMX separate and/or together (CUR + SMX) treatments showed significance in (p < 0.001), ameliorated liver injury (characterized by an elevation of (ALT, AST) and a decrease (p < 0.001) in serum albumin and total protein), antioxidant (characterized by a decrease in (p < 0.001) MDA, NO; an increase (p < 0.001) SOD, GSSG, TAO; and reducing GSH), hematological changes (characterized by a decrease (p < 0.001) in white blood cells count and an increase (p < 0.001) in platelets count, hematocrit levels, hemoglobin concentration, and (p < 0.05) red blood cells count), SDS-PAGE electrophoresis with a decrease in protein synthesis and changes in histological examinations. CONCLUSIONS CUR and SMX either separate or together (SUR + SMX) may be considered promising candidates in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Fekry Zahran
- grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry division), Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M. Geba
- grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry division), Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Tabll
- grid.419725.c0000 0001 2151 8157Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622 Egypt
| | - Mohammad M. Mashaly
- grid.462079.e0000 0004 4699 2981Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
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6
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Zahran RF, Geba ZM, Tabll AA, Mashaly MM. Therapeutic potential of a novel combination of Curcumin with Sulfamethoxazole against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in Swiss albino mice. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020. [PMID: 32363509 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00027-9.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current study, we have investigated the effect of each of curcumin (CUR) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) either separate or mixed together (CUR + SMX) on biochemical, hematological and histological alternations associated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. RESULTS CCl4, caused changes of several biomarkers, proving its hepatotoxic effects, such as an increase in aminotransferases liver enzymes alanine and aspartate transaminases (ALT, AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) formation, with a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSSG), total antioxidant capacity (TAO), glutathione (GSH), total protein, and albumin, compared to a negative control mice group. Compared to the CCl4 group of mice, the CUR and SMX separate and/or together (CUR + SMX) treatments showed significance in (p < 0.001), ameliorated liver injury (characterized by an elevation of (ALT, AST) and a decrease (p < 0.001) in serum albumin and total protein), antioxidant (characterized by a decrease in (p < 0.001) MDA, NO; an increase (p < 0.001) SOD, GSSG, TAO; and reducing GSH), hematological changes (characterized by a decrease (p < 0.001) in white blood cells count and an increase (p < 0.001) in platelets count, hematocrit levels, hemoglobin concentration, and (p < 0.05) red blood cells count), SDS-PAGE electrophoresis with a decrease in protein synthesis and changes in histological examinations. CONCLUSIONS CUR and SMX either separate or together (SUR + SMX) may be considered promising candidates in the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Fekry Zahran
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry division), Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab M Geba
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry division), Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A Tabll
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Mashaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
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7
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Liu T, Limpikirati P, Vachet RW. Synergistic Structural Information from Covalent Labeling and Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Protein-Ligand Interactions. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15248-15254. [PMID: 31664819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry (MS) and covalent labeling (CL) MS are typically considered to be complementary methods for protein structural analysis, because one probes the protein backbone, while the other probes side chains. For protein-ligand interactions, we demonstrate in this work that the two labeling techniques can provide synergistic structural information about protein-ligand binding when reagents like diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC) are used for CL because of the differences in the reaction rates of DEPC and HDX. Using three model protein-ligand systems, we show that the slower time scale for DEPC labeling makes it only sensitive to changes in solvent accessibility and insensitive to changes in protein structural fluctuations, whereas HDX is sensitive to changes in both solvent accessibility and structural fluctuations. When used together, the two methods more clearly reveal binding sites and ligand-induced changes to structural fluctuations that are distant from the binding site, which is more comprehensive information than either technique alone can provide. We predict that these two methods will find widespread usage together for more deeply understanding protein-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Patanachai Limpikirati
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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8
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Thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural parameterization of human carbonic anhydrase interactions toward enhanced inhibitor design. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 51:e10. [PMID: 30912486 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583518000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of rational drug design is to develop small molecules using a quantitative approach to optimize affinity. This should enhance the development of chemical compounds that would specifically, selectively, reversibly, and with high affinity interact with a target protein. It is not yet possible to develop such compounds using computational (i.e., in silico) approach and instead the lead molecules are discovered in high-throughput screening searches of large compound libraries. The main reason why in silico methods are not capable to deliver is our poor understanding of the compound structure-thermodynamics and structure-kinetics correlations. There is a need for databases of intrinsic binding parameters (e.g., the change upon binding in standard Gibbs energy (ΔGint), enthalpy (ΔHint), entropy (ΔSint), volume (ΔVintr), heat capacity (ΔCp,int), association rate (ka,int), and dissociation rate (kd,int)) between a series of closely related proteins and a chemically diverse, but pharmacophoric group-guided library of compounds together with the co-crystal structures that could help explain the structure-energetics correlations and rationally design novel compounds. Assembly of these data will facilitate attempts to provide correlations and train data for modeling of compound binding. Here, we report large datasets of the intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic data including over 400 primary sulfonamide compound binding to a family of 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrases (CA). Thermodynamic parameters have been determined by the fluorescent thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and by the stopped-flow assay of the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Kinetic measurements were performed using surface plasmon resonance. Intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding were determined by dissecting the binding-linked protonation reactions of the protein and sulfonamide. The compound structure-thermodynamics and kinetics correlations reported here helped to discover compounds that exhibited picomolar affinities, hour-long residence times, and million-fold selectivities over non-target CA isoforms. Drug-lead compounds are suggested for anticancer target CA IX and CA XII, antiglaucoma CA IV, antiobesity CA VA and CA VB, and other isoforms. Together with 85 X-ray crystallographic structures of 60 compounds bound to six CA isoforms, the database should be of help to continue developing the principles of rational target-based drug design.
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New bioactive silver(I) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, anticancer, antibacterial and anticarbonic anhydrase II activities. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Ikuta Y, Aoyagi S, Tanaka Y, Sato K, Inada S, Koseki Y, Onodera T, Oikawa H, Kasai H. Creation of nano eye-drops and effective drug delivery to the interior of the eye. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44229. [PMID: 28290486 PMCID: PMC5349510 DOI: 10.1038/srep44229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nano eye-drops are a new type of ophthalmic treatment with increased potency and reduced side effects. Compounds in conventional eye-drops barely penetrate into the eye because the cornea, located at the surface of eye, has a strong barrier function for preventing invasion of hydrophilic or large-sized materials from the outside. In this work, we describe the utility of nano eye-drops utilising brinzolamide, a commercially available glaucoma treatment drug, as a target compound. Fabrication of the nanoparticles of brinzolamide prodrug increases the eye penetration rate and results in high drug efficacy, compared with that of commercially available brinzolamide eye-drops formulated as micro-sized structures. In addition, the resulting nano eye-drops were not toxic to the corneal epithelium after repeated administration for 1 week. The nano eye-drops may have applications as a next-generation ophthalmic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Ikuta
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Aoyagi
- Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd., Research and Development Center, 111 Shimojyukumae, Sukagawa, Fukushima 962-0806, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inada
- Ouchi Shinko Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd., Research and Development Center, 111 Shimojyukumae, Sukagawa, Fukushima 962-0806, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Koseki
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tsunenobu Onodera
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Oikawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kasai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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11
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Kalyanavenkataraman S, Nanjan P, Banerji A, Nair BG, Kumar GB. Discovery of arjunolic acid as a novel non-zinc binding carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2016; 66:72-9. [PMID: 27038848 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) have been shown to be associated with cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Although arjunolic acid (AA) has a diverse range of therapeutic applications including cardio-protection, there have been no reports on the effect of AA on CA II. The present study describes for the first time, the novel zinc independent inhibition of CA II by AA. The molecular docking studies of AA indicated that the hydroxyl group at C2 of the A-ring, which hydrogen bonds with the catalytic site residues (His64, Asn62 and Asn67), along with the gem-dimethyl group at C20 of the E-ring, greatly influences the inhibitory activity, independent of the catalytic zinc, unlike the inhibition observed with most CA II inhibitors. Among the triterpenoids tested viz. arjunolic acid, arjunic acid, asiatic acid, oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, AA was the most potent in inhibiting CA II in vitro with an IC50 of 9μM. It was interesting to note, that in spite of exhibiting very little differences in their structures, these triterpenoids exhibited vast differences in their inhibitory activities, with IC50 values ranging from 9μM to as high as 333μM. Furthermore, AA also inhibited the cytosolic activity of CA in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, as reflected by the decrease in acidification of the intracellular pH (pHi). The decreased acidification reduced the intracellular calcium levels, which further prevented the mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Thus, these studies provide a better understanding for establishing the novel molecular mechanism involved in CA II inhibition by the non-zinc binding inhibitor AA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pandurangan Nanjan
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amritapuri Campus, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | - Asoke Banerji
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amritapuri Campus, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | - Bipin G Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amritapuri Campus, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India
| | - Geetha B Kumar
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita University, Amritapuri Campus, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690 525, Kerala, India.
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12
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Forli S. Charting a Path to Success in Virtual Screening. Molecules 2015; 20:18732-58. [PMID: 26501243 PMCID: PMC4630810 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201018732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Docking is commonly applied to drug design efforts, especially high-throughput virtual screenings of small molecules, to identify new compounds that bind to a given target. Despite great advances and successful applications in recent years, a number of issues remain unsolved. Most of the challenges and problems faced when running docking experiments are independent of the specific software used, and can be ascribed to either improper input preparation or to the simplified approaches applied to achieve high-throughput speed. Being aware of approximations and limitations of such methods is essential to prevent errors, deal with misleading results, and increase the success rate of virtual screening campaigns. In this review, best practices and most common issues of docking and virtual screening will be discussed, covering the journey from the design of the virtual experiment to the hit identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Forli
- Molecular Graphics Laboratory, Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Boone CD, Habibzadegan A, Tu C, Silverman DN, McKenna R. Structural and catalytic characterization of a thermally stable and acid-stable variant of human carbonic anhydrase II containing an engineered disulfide bond. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA. SECTION D, BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY 2013; 69:1414-22. [PMID: 23897465 PMCID: PMC3727326 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444913008743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are a family of mostly zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and a proton. Recently, there has been industrial interest in utilizing CAs as biocatalysts for carbon sequestration and biofuel production. The conditions used in these processes, however, result in high temperatures and acidic pH. This unfavorable environment results in rapid destabilization and loss of catalytic activity in CAs, ultimately resulting in cost-inefficient high-maintenance operation of the system. In order to negate these detrimental industrial conditions, cysteines at residues 23 (Ala23Cys) and 203 (Leu203Cys) were engineered into a wild-type variant of human CA II (HCAII) containing the mutation Cys206Ser. The X-ray crystallographic structure of the disulfide-containing HCAII (dsHCAII) was solved to 1.77 Å resolution and revealed that successful oxidation of the cysteine bond was achieved while also retaining desirable active-site geometry. Kinetic studies utilizing the measurement of (18)O-labeled CO2 by mass spectrometry revealed that dsHCAII retained high catalytic efficiency, and differential scanning calorimetry showed acid stability and thermal stability that was enhanced by up to 14 K compared with native HCAII. Together, these studies have shown that dsHCAII has properties that could be used in an industrial setting to help to lower costs and improve the overall reaction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Boone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Andrew Habibzadegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chingkuang Tu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David N. Silverman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida, PO Box 100267, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 100245, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Tolvanen MEE, Ortutay C, Barker HR, Aspatwar A, Patrikainen M, Parkkila S. Analysis of evolution of carbonic anhydrases IV and XV reveals a rich history of gene duplications and a new group of isozymes. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:1503-10. [PMID: 23022279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes CA IV and CA XV are anchored on the extracellular cell surface via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage. Analysis of evolution of these isozymes in vertebrates reveals an additional group of GPI-linked CAs, CA XVII, which has been lost in mammals. Our work resolves nomenclature issues in GPI-linked fish CAs. Review of expression data brings forth previously unreported tissue and cancer types in which human CA IV is expressed. Analysis of collective glycosylation patterns of GPI-linked CAs suggests functionally important regions on the protein surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martti E E Tolvanen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Finland and BioMediTech, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.
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Andersson CS, Berthold CL, Högbom M. A Dynamic C‐Terminal Segment in the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Mn/Fe R2lox Protein Can Adopt a Helical Structure with Possible Functional Consequences. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:1981-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta S. Andersson
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE‐10691 Stockholm, (phone: +46 8 16 21 10; fax: +46 8 15 36 79)
| | - Catrine L. Berthold
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE‐10691 Stockholm, (phone: +46 8 16 21 10; fax: +46 8 15 36 79)
| | - Martin Högbom
- Stockholm Center for Biomembrane Research, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE‐10691 Stockholm, (phone: +46 8 16 21 10; fax: +46 8 15 36 79)
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Synthesis and evaluation of new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3221-8. [PMID: 21524585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of new sulfamide derivatives have been synthesized, their structures were confirmed by (1)H NMR and ESI-MS. Some target compounds were assessed by the tool of Dock6, and inhibition effects of all the new compounds on carbonic anhydrase II have been investigated. In addition, some compounds have been investigated for their antihypoxic effects in mice. Results indicated that nine target compounds exhibit as effectively as acetazolamide and 10 compounds have more potent inhibition effects on carbonic anhydrase II than acetazolamide. Three of them (I-8, I-18 and I'-3) can prolong markedly the survival time of mice in hypoxia, which are worth carrying out further studies.
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Filip X, Borodi G, Filip C. Testing the limits of sensitivity in a solid-state structural investigation by combined X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state NMR, and molecular modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17978-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21878f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kalkhof S, Haehn S, Paulsson M, Smyth N, Meiler J, Sinz A. Computational modeling of laminin N-terminal domains using sparse distance constraints from disulfide bonds and chemical cross-linking. Proteins 2010; 78:3409-27. [PMID: 20939100 PMCID: PMC5079110 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Basement membranes are thin extracellular protein layers, which separate endothelial and epithelial cells from the underlying connecting tissue. The main noncollagenous components of basement membranes are laminins, trimeric glycoproteins, which form polymeric networks by interactions of their N-terminal (LN) domains; however, no high-resolution structure of laminin LN domains exists so far. To construct models for laminin β(1) and γ(1) LN domains, 14 potentially suited template structures were determined using fold recognition methods. For each target/template-combination comparative models were created with Rosetta. Final models were selected based on their agreement with experimentally obtained distance constraints from natural cross-links, that is, disulfide bonds as well as chemical cross-links obtained from reactions with two amine-reactive cross-linkers. We predict that laminin β(1) and γ(1) LN domains share the galactose-binding domain-like fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastian Haehn
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, Cologne D-50931, Germany
| | - Mats Paulsson
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 52, Cologne D-50931, Germany
| | - Neil Smyth
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent, East Southampton, SO16 7PX, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Andrea Sinz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Bioanalytics, Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Martínez A, Sanchez-Salorio M. Predictors for visual field progression and the effects of treatment with dorzolamide 2% or brinzolamide 1% each added to timolol 0.5% in primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 2010; 88:541-52. [PMID: 19799592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2009.01595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to identify progression factors in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), including the effects of treatment with dorzolamide 2% or brinzolamide 1%, each added to timolol 0.5%. METHODS A sample of 161 POAG patients were prospectively randomized to receive either dorzolamide 2% (DT) or brinzolamide 1% (BT) b.i.d., each added to timolol 0.5%, during a 60-month, evaluator-masked study. Progression was determined by perimetric criteria. Factors associated with visual field progression were estimated using a conditional Cox hazard model with patient intraclass correlation and were expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS Predictive baseline factors were lower diastolic blood pressure (DBP), lower mean arterial pressure (MAP), antihypertensive treatment, lower end-diastolic velocity (EDV) in the ophthalmic artery (OA) and short posterior ciliary artery (SPCA), and a higher resistivity index (RI) in the OA and SPCA. Progression risk decreased by approximately 30% and 20% with each centimetre per second increase of EDV in the OA and SPCA, respectively, from baseline to the last follow-up visit. Each RI decrease (or increase) of 0.01 unit in the OA or SPCA was associated with an approximate 20% decrease (or increase) in risk for progression. In a multivariate analysis, progression risk was significantly lower in eyes treated with DT (HR=0.65, 95% CI 0.41-0.90) compared with those treated with BT. CONCLUSIONS Progression increased with lower DBP, lower MAP, antihypertensive medication, lower EDV in the OA and SPCA, and higher RI in the OA and SPCA. The risk for progression in patients treated with DT was half that in patients treated with BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martínez
- Glaucoma Department, Galician Institute of Ophthalmology, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain.
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20
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Barboiu M, Supuran CT, Menabuoni L, Scozzafava A, Mincione F, Briganti F, Mincione G. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Synthesis of Topically Effective Intraocular Pressure Lowering Agents Derived from 5-(ω-Amino-Alkylcarboxamido)-1,3,4-Thia-Diazole-2-Sulfonamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14756369909030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Barboiu
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie Montpellier 8, rue de l'Ecole Normale, F-34296, Montpellier, Cedex, 5, France
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Firenze, Italia
| | - Luca Menabuoni
- Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, S. O. Oculistica, Via Torregalli 3, I-50123, Firenze, Italia
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Firenze, Italia
| | - Francesco Mincione
- Università degli Studi, Institute of Ophthalmology, Viale Morgagni 85, I-50123, Firenze, Italia
| | - Fabrizio Briganti
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Firenze, Italia
| | - Giovanna Mincione
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Firenze, Italia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Dorzolamide and brinzolamide are topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) indicated for patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. SCOPE An evidence-based review of clinical trials of dorzolamide and brinzolamide was undertaken to determine an effect of these medications on visual function (primarily visual field) in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Using the keywords 'dorzolamide' and 'brinzolamide', all articles describing trials of these medications reporting on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and visual field from September 1966 to July 2009 were found in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. No information from other sources was included in this review. FINDINGS A relatively modest number of trials was identified, where impact of therapy on one or more of the visual function modes was reported. In the studies of less than 1 year duration (3 days to 1 year, 23 studies) in all but three studies treatment with topical CAIs did not influence visual function, in two studies with dorzolamide some improvement in the contrast sensitivity was observed and in one open-label retrospective no-control-group study with dorzolamide visual field indices improved significantly. A different picture was seen in long-term studies, which were designed and powered to detect changes in visual field. One large study (European Glaucoma Prevention Study) with dorzolamide versus placebo failed to detect significant protective effect of the drug on glaucoma occurrence in ocular hypertensives. Several interesting aspects of this study are discussed in detail. The other two long-term studies reported on the superiority of adding dorzolamide over timolol therapy alone, and the superiority of the combination of dorzolamide and timolol over brinzolamide and timolol in terms of improving ocular blood flow (retrobulbar Color Doppler Imaging--CDI parameters) as well as in terms of visual field preservation in glaucoma patients over 4 to 5 years. CONCLUSION For the first time one study could demonstrate that an improvement in ocular blood flow in the long run results in preservation of visual field in glaucoma patients. Dorzolamide, combined with the beta-blocker timolol, seems to be superior in this regard to brinzolamide plus timolol.
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22
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Moss AM, Harris A, Siesky B, Rusia D, Williamson KM, Shoshani Y. Update and critical appraisal of combined timolol and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and the effect on ocular blood flow in glaucoma patients. Clin Ophthalmol 2010; 4:233-41. [PMID: 20463789 PMCID: PMC2861928 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s6372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Topical hypotensive therapy with both timolol and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors has been shown to be efficacious at reducing intraocular pressure. Many prospective studies have also suggested that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors augment ocular blood flow and vascular regulation independent of their hypotensive effects. Although consistent in their findings, these studies must be cautiously interpreted due to the limitations of study design and specific blood flow imaging modalities. The purpose of this review is to appraise and critically evaluate the current body of literature investigating the effects of combined treatment with topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and timolol in patients with glaucoma with respect to ocular blood flow, visual function, and optic nerve head structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Moss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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23
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Remko M. Molecular structure, pKa, lipophilicity, solubility and absorption of biologically active aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Martínez A, Sánchez-Salorio M. A comparison of the long-term effects of dorzolamide 2% and brinzolamide 1%, each added to timolol 0.5%, on retrobulbar hemodynamics and intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma patients. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2009; 25:239-48. [PMID: 19348600 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2008.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effect on the retrobulbar hemodynamics and intraocular pressure (IOP) of dorzolamide 2% and brinzolamide 1%, each added to timolol 0.5% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). METHODS 146 POAG patients were prospectively randomized to receive either dorzolamide 2% or brinzolamide 1% BID, each added to timolol 0.5%, during a 60-month evaluator-masked study. At baseline and every 6 months for 60 months, we measured the retrobulbar hemodynamic parameters in the ophthalmic artery (OA), central retinal artery (CRA), and short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) using color Doppler imaging (CDI), intraocular pressure (IOP), and blood pressure measurements. RESULTS Dorzolamide significantly increased the end-diastolic velocity (EDV) in the OA in 1.22 cm/s, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.90-1.56 cm/s, P < 0.001 and reduced the resistivity index (RI) in the OA in 0.04 units, 95% CI 0.03-0.05, P < 0.001. None of the retrobulbar parameters changed significantly on therapy with brinzolamide when the results were analyzed at month 60. Both dorzolamide and brinzolamide significantly decreased IOP (-4.3, 95% CI -4.5 to -4.2 mmHg and -4.3, 95% CI -4.4 to -4.2 mmHg, respectively). Dorzolamide significantly reduced the RI in the OA from 0.74 (0.02) to 0.70 (0.02), CRA from 0.66 (0.02) to 0.62 (0.02), and SPCA from 0.66 (0.02) to 0.62 (0.02), P < 0.001, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest augmented retrobulbar blood flow after 5 years of treatment with dorzolamide but not with brinzolamide, each added to timolol, in POAG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Martínez
- Glaucoma, Instituto Gallego de Oftalmologia, Santiago de Compostela, La Coruña, Spain.
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25
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Liefhebber JMP, Brandt BW, Broer R, Spaan WJM, van Leeuwen HC. Hepatitis C virus NS4B carboxy terminal domain is a membrane binding domain. Virol J 2009; 6:62. [PMID: 19467155 PMCID: PMC2698844 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-6-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) induces membrane rearrangements during replication. All HCV proteins are associated to membranes, pointing out the importance of membranes for HCV. Non structural protein 4B (NS4B) has been reported to induce cellular membrane alterations like the membranous web. Four transmembrane segments in the middle of the protein anchor NS4B to membranes. An amphipatic helix at the amino-terminus attaches to membranes as well. The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of NS4B is highly conserved in Hepaciviruses, though its function remains unknown. Results A cytosolic localization is predicted for the NS4B-CTD. However, using membrane floatation assays and immunofluorescence, we now show targeting of the NS4B-CTD to membranes. Furthermore, a profile-profile search, with an HCV NS4B-CTD multiple sequence alignment, indicates sequence similarity to the membrane binding domain of prokaryotic D-lactate dehydrogenase (d-LDH). The crystal structure of E. coli d-LDH suggests that the region similar to NS4B-CTD is located in the membrane binding domain (MBD) of d-LDH, implying analogy in membrane association. Targeting of d-LDH to membranes occurs via electrostatic interactions of positive residues on the outside of the protein with negative head groups of lipids. To verify that anchorage of d-LDH MBD and NS4B-CTD is analogous, NS4B-CTD mutants were designed to disrupt these electrostatic interactions. Membrane association was confirmed by swopping the membrane contacting helix of d-LDH with the corresponding domain of the 4B-CTD. Furthermore, the functionality of these residues was tested in the HCV replicon system. Conclusion Together these data show that NS4B-CTD is associated to membranes, similar to the prokaryotic d-LDH MBD, and is important for replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanda M P Liefhebber
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Thiry A, Delayen A, Goossens L, Houssin R, Ledecq M, Frankart A, Dogné JM, Wouters J, Supuran CT, Hénichart JP, Masereel B. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new family of anti-benzylanilinosulfonamides as CA IX inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:511-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Di Fiore A, Monti SM, Hilvo M, Parkkila S, Romano V, Scaloni A, Pedone C, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT, De Simone G. Crystal structure of human carbonic anhydrase XIII and its complex with the inhibitor acetazolamide. Proteins 2009; 74:164-75. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.22144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Temperini C, Innocenti A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Interaction of the antitumor sulfamate EMD 486019 with twelve mammalian carbonic anhydrase isoforms: Kinetic and X-ray crystallographic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4282-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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D'Ambrosio K, Masereel B, Thiry A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT, De Simone G. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: binding of indanesulfonamides to the human isoform II. ChemMedChem 2008; 3:473-7. [PMID: 18161740 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Indanesulfonamides are interesting lead compounds for designing selective inhibitors of the different isoforms of the zinc enzyme Carbonic Anhydrase (CA). Herein, we report for the first time the X-ray crystal structure of two such derivatives, namely indane-5-sulfonamide and indane-2-valproylamido-5-sulfonamide, in complex with the physiologically dominant human isoform II. The structural analysis reveals that, although these two inhibitors have quite similar chemical structures, the arrangement of their indane ring within the enzyme active site is significantly diverse. Thus, our findings suggest that the introduction of bulky substituents on the indane-sulfonamide ring may alter the binding mode of this potent class of CA inhibitors, although retaining good inhibitory properties. Accordingly, the introduction of bulky tail moieties on the indane-sulfonamide scaffold may represent a powerful strategy to induce a desired physicochemical property to an aromatic sulfonamide or to obtain inhibitors with diverse inhibition profiles and selectivity for various mammalian CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia D'Ambrosio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
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30
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: The X-ray crystal structure of ethoxzolamide complexed to human isoform II reveals the importance of thr200 and gln92 for obtaining tight-binding inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:2669-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2008] [Revised: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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31
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Krishnamurthy VM, Kaufman GK, Urbach AR, Gitlin I, Gudiksen KL, Weibel DB, Whitesides GM. Carbonic anhydrase as a model for biophysical and physical-organic studies of proteins and protein-ligand binding. Chem Rev 2008; 108:946-1051. [PMID: 18335973 PMCID: PMC2740730 DOI: 10.1021/cr050262p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 565] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay M. Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George K. Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Adam R. Urbach
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Irina Gitlin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Katherine L. Gudiksen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - George M. Whitesides
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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Thiry A, Masereel B, Dogné JM, Supuran CT, Wouters J, Michaux C. Exploration of the Binding Mode of Indanesulfonamides as Selective Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrase Type VII by Targeting Lys 91. ChemMedChem 2007; 2:1273-80. [PMID: 17607683 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200700057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Convulsions are common neurological disorders in clinical medicine and are triggered by several mechanisms. The enhancement of neuronal excitability can be related, among other factors, to GABAergic depolarization. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) VII contributes to this electrophysiological behavior by providing bicarbonate anion, which can mediate current through channels coupled to GABA(A) receptors. Among the cytosolic CAs, the mechanism of action and inhibition of CA VII is less understood. We present herein the pharmacological evaluation of both enantiomers of an indanesulfonamide compound substituted by a pentafluorophenyl moiety against CA VII and five other human CA isoforms to evaluate their selectivity. The investigated compounds are powerful inhibitors of hCA VII, with K(i) values in the range of 1.7-3.3 nM, but their selectivity needs to be improved. A molecular modeling study was conducted to rationalize the structure-activity relationships and provide useful insight into the future design of selective hCA VII inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thiry
- Drug Design and Discovery Center, FUNDP, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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33
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Srivastava DK, Jude KM, Banerjee AL, Haldar M, Manokaran S, Kooren J, Mallik S, Christianson DW. Structural analysis of charge discrimination in the binding of inhibitors to human carbonic anhydrases I and II. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:5528-37. [PMID: 17407288 PMCID: PMC2532950 DOI: 10.1021/ja068359w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the similarity in the active site pockets of carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes I and II, the binding affinities of benzenesulfonamide inhibitors are invariably higher with CA II as compared to CA I. To explore the structural basis of this molecular recognition phenomenon, we have designed and synthesized simple benzenesulfonamide inhibitors substituted at the para position with positively charged, negatively charged, and neutral functional groups, and we have determined the affinities and X-ray crystal structures of their enzyme complexes. The para-substituents are designed to bind in the midsection of the 15 A deep active site cleft, where interactions with enzyme residues and solvent molecules are possible. We find that a para-substituted positively charged amino group is more poorly tolerated in the active site of CA I compared with CA II. In contrast, a para-substituted negatively charged carboxylate substituent is tolerated equally well in the active sites of both CA isozymes. Notably, enzyme-inhibitor affinity increases upon neutralization of inhibitor charged groups by amidation or esterification. These results inform the design of short molecular linkers connecting the benzenesulfonamide group and a para-substituted tail group in "two-prong" CA inhibitors: an optimal linker segment will be electronically neutral, yet capable of engaging in at least some hydrogen bond interactions with protein residues and/or solvent. Microcalorimetric data reveal that inhibitor binding to CA I is enthalpically less favorable and entropically more favorable than inhibitor binding to CA II. This contrasting behavior may arise in part from differences in active site desolvation and the conformational entropy of inhibitor binding to each isozyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Kevin M. Jude
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
| | - Abir L. Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Manas Haldar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Sumathra Manokaran
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Joel Kooren
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323
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Di Fiore A, Scozzafava A, Winum JY, Montero JL, Pedone C, Supuran CT, De Simone G. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Binding of an antiglaucoma glycosyl-sulfanilamide derivative to human isoform II and its consequences for the drug design of enzyme inhibitors incorporating sugar moieties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:1726-31. [PMID: 17251017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 12/14/2006] [Accepted: 12/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
N-(4-Sulfamoylphenyl)-alpha-d-glucopyranosylamine, a promising topical antiglaucoma agent, is a potent inhibitor of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The high resolution X-ray crystal structure of its adduct with the target isoform involved in glaucoma, CA II, is reported here. The sugar sulfanilamide derivative binds to the enzyme in a totally new manner as compared to other CA-inhibitor adducts investigated earlier. The sulfonamide anchor was coordinated to the active site metal ion, and the phenylene ring of the inhibitor filled the channel leading to the active site cavity. The glycosyl moiety responsible for the high water solubility of the compound was oriented towards a hydrophilic region of the active site, where no other inhibitors were observed to be bound up to now. A network of seven hydrogen bonds with four water molecules and the amino acid residues Pro201, Pro202 and Gln92 further stabilize the enzyme-inhibitor adduct. Topiramate, another sugar-based CA inhibitor, binds in a completely different manner to CA II as compared to the sulfonamide investigated here. These findings are useful for the design of potent, sugar-derived enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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35
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Menchise V, De Simone G, Di Fiore A, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: X-ray crystallographic studies for the binding of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide and 5-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluorophenylsulfonamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide to human isoform II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2006; 16:6204-8. [PMID: 17000110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray crystal structures of 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide (the acetazolamide precursor) and 5-(4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluorophenylsulfonamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide in complex with the human isozyme II of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are reported. The thiadiazole-sulfonamide moiety of the two compounds binds in the canonic manner to the zinc ion and interacts with Thr199, Glu106, and Thr200. The substituted phenyl tail of the second inhibitor was positioned in the hydrophobic part of the binding pocket, at van der Waals distance from Phe131, Val 135, Val141, Leu198, Pro202, and Leu204. These structures may help in the design of better inhibitors of these widespread zinc-containing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Menchise
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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36
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Winum JY, Temperini C, El Cheikh K, Innocenti A, Vullo D, Ciattini S, Montero JL, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Clash with Ala65 as a Means for Designing Inhibitors with Low Affinity for the Ubiquitous Isozyme II, Exemplified by the Crystal Structure of the Topiramate Sulfamide Analogue. J Med Chem 2006; 49:7024-31. [PMID: 17125255 DOI: 10.1021/jm060807n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The sulfamide analogue of the antiepileptic drug topiramate is a 210 times less potent inhibitor of isozyme II of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) compared to topiramate but effectively inhibits isozymes CA VA, VB, VII, XIII, and XIV (KI in the range of 21-35 nM). Its weak binding to CA II is due to a clash between one methyl group of the inhibitor and Ala65 and may be exploited for the drug design of compounds with lower affinity for this ubiquitous isozyme, as Ala65 is unique to CA II. As shown by X-ray crystallography, the sulfamide analogue binds to CA II with the deprotonated sulfamide moiety coordinated to Zn(II) and with the organic scaffold making an extended network of hydrogen bonds with Thr199, Gln92, His94, Asn62, and Thr200. Its binding to this isozyme is more similar to that of topiramate and quite different from that of the topiramate cyclic sulfate analogue RWJ-37947.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Winum
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, UMR 5032, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Université Montpellier II, 8 Rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France
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37
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Thiry A, Ledecq M, Cecchi A, Dogné JM, Wouters J, Supuran CT, Masereel B. Indanesulfonamides as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Toward Structure-Based Design of Selective Inhibitors of the Tumor-Associated Isozyme CA IX. J Med Chem 2006; 49:2743-9. [PMID: 16640335 DOI: 10.1021/jm0600287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases are ubiquitous metalloenzymes which are involved in fundamental processes (i.e., acid-base regulation, respiration, calcification, etc.). The carbonic anhydrase isozyme IX becomes an interesting pharmacological target due to its overexpression in cancer and its absence in normal tissue. Therefore, several indanesulfonamides were synthesized and tested for their inhibition both against the human CA IX and against two other biologically relevant isozymes (CA I and II). Structure-activity relationships are discussed and point out different compounds for its selectivity and activity against CA IX. To establish preliminary hypothesis for the design of new isozyme-selective CA IX inhibitors, we conducted molecular modeling. We describe here the first human CA IX model built by homology with another CA isozyme already crystallized. Docking studies were performed to explore the binding mode of our indanesulfonamide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Thiry
- Drug Design and Discovery Center, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium
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38
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Jude KM, Banerjee AL, Haldar MK, Manokaran S, Roy B, Mallik S, Srivastava DK, Christianson DW. Ultrahigh resolution crystal structures of human carbonic anhydrases I and II complexed with "two-prong" inhibitors reveal the molecular basis of high affinity. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:3011-8. [PMID: 16506782 PMCID: PMC2527509 DOI: 10.1021/ja057257n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The atomic-resolution crystal structures of human carbonic anhydrases I and II complexed with "two-prong" inhibitors are reported. Each inhibitor contains a benzenesulfonamide prong and a cupric iminodiacetate (IDA-Cu(2+)) prong separated by linkers of different lengths and compositions. The ionized NH(-) group of each benzenesulfonamide coordinates to the active site Zn(2+) ion; the IDA-Cu(2+) prong of the tightest-binding inhibitor, BR30, binds to H64 of CAII and H200 of CAI. This work provides the first evidence verifying the structural basis of nanomolar affinity measured for two-prong inhibitors targeting the carbonic anhydrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Jude
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Abir L. Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Manas K. Haldar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816
| | - Sumathra Manokaran
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - Bidhan Roy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816
| | - D. K. Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105
| | - David W. Christianson
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
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39
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Menchise V, De Simone G, Alterio V, Di Fiore A, Pedone C, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: stacking with Phe131 determines active site binding region of inhibitors as exemplified by the X-ray crystal structure of a membrane-impermeant antitumor sulfonamide complexed with isozyme II. J Med Chem 2005; 48:5721-7. [PMID: 16134940 DOI: 10.1021/jm050333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Structure for the adduct of carbonic anhydrase II with 1-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl-ethyl)-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium perchlorate, a membrane-impermeant antitumor sulfonamide, is reported. The phenylethyl moiety fills the active site, making van der Waals interactions with side chains of Gln192, Val121, Phe131, Leu198, Thr200. The 2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium functionality is at van der Waals distance from the aliphatic chain of Ile91 being involved in strong offset face-to-face stacking with Phe131. Analyzing X-ray crystal structures of such adducts, two binding modes were observed: some inhibitors bind with their tail within the hydrophobic half of the active site, defined by residues Phe131, Val135, Leu198, Pro202, Leu204. Other derivatives bind with their tail in a different region, pointing toward the hydrophilic half and making strong parallel stacking with Phe131. This interaction orients the inhibitor toward the hydrophilic part of the active site. Impossibility to participate in it leads to its binding within the hydrophobic half. Such findings are relevant for designing better inhibitors targeting isozymes II, IX, and XII, some of which are overexpressed in hypoxic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Menchise
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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40
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Yang LW, Bahar I. Coupling between catalytic site and collective dynamics: a requirement for mechanochemical activity of enzymes. Structure 2005; 13:893-904. [PMID: 15939021 PMCID: PMC1489920 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2005.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2005] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the view that enzymatic activity results from a subtle interplay between chemical kinetics and molecular motions. A systematic analysis is performed here to delineate the type and level of coupling between catalysis and conformational mechanics. The dynamics of a set of 98 enzymes representative of different EC classes are analyzed with the Gaussian network model (GNM) and compared with experimental data. In more than 70% of the examined enzymes, the global hinge centers predicted by the GNM are found to be colocalized with the catalytic sites experimentally identified. Low translational mobility (< 7%) is observed for the catalytic residues, consistent with the fine-tuned design of enzymes to achieve precise mechanochemical activities. Ligand binding sites, while closely neighboring catalytic sites, enjoy a moderate flexibility to accommodate the ligand binding. These findings could serve as additional criteria for assessing drug binding residues and could lessen the computational burden of substrate docking searches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Wei Yang
- Department of Computational Biology, school of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
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41
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Supuran CT, Scozzafava A. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.10.5.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 426] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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42
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Innocenti A, Firnges MA, Antel J, Wurl M, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Inhibition of the membrane-bound human and bovine isozymes IV with sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1149-54. [PMID: 15686931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 12/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An inhibition study of the human and bovine membrane-associated isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1), hCA IV and bCA IV, with a series of sulfonamides and sulfamates, some of which are widely clinically used, such as acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, topiramate, dorzolamide, dichlorophenamide, celecoxib, and valdecoxib among others, is reported. In contrast to bCA IV, which is generally strongly inhibited by most of these derivatives, hCA IV has a rather different inhibition profile. Several of these compounds such as acetazolamide, ethoxzolamide, and bromosulfanilamide are potent hCA IV inhibitors (K(i)'s of 74-93 nM), others, such as celecoxib and some halogenated sulfanilamides are medium potency inhibitors (K(i)'s of 450-880 nM) whereas most of them are weak hCA IV inhibitors (methazolamide: 6.2 microM; dorzolamide 8.5 microM; topiramate 4.9 microM; dichlorophenamide: 15.3 microM). The hCA IV/bCA IV inhibition ratios for all the investigated compounds ranged between 1.05 (for acetazolamide) and 198.37 (for dorzolamide). Based on these results, we doubt that hCA IV is indeed one of the main contributors to the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects of sulfonamide CA inhibitors, in addition to hCA II, as hypothesized earlier by Maren et al. (Mol. Pharmacol.1993, 44, 901-906). Indeed, both the very good hCA IV inhibitors (acetazolamide and ethoxzolamide) as well as the quite weak hCA IV inhibitors (methazolamide, dorzolamide, or dichlorophanamide) are effective in lowering IOP when administered either systemically or topically. The membrane-associated isozyme which probably is critical for aqueous humor secretion is hCA XII and not hCA IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Innocenti
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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43
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Remko M, von der Lieth CW. Theoretical study of gas-phase acidity, pKa, lipophilicity, and solubility of some biologically active sulfonamides. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:5395-403. [PMID: 15388166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 07/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The geometries of 19 biologically active substituted sulfonamides (including clinically useful acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, dichlorophenamide, dorzolamide, and brinzolamide) in both neutral and deprotonated forms, were optimized using Becke3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) method (compounds 1-6) and two-layered ONIOM (B3LYP 6-311+G(d,p): MNDO) method (compounds 7-19). The investigated sulfonamides are weak acids with calculated acidity of about 1320-1420 kJ mol(-1). Of acids studied the highest gas-phase acidity (1324 kJ mol(-1)) possesses methazolamide. This drug is, according to the computed pKa value (5.9), also in water solution the most acidic compound of the sulfonamides investigated. The computed pKa values varied between 5.9 and 12.6 and correlate well with the available experimental pKa's found in the literature. Cancerostatic aromatic sulfonamides 16-19 are generally weak acids with the acidity comparable or slightly lower than the lead sulfanilamide. The available experimental partition coefficients of sulfonamides investigated are best reproduced by the IA LOGP method. Computed partition coefficients for antiglaucoma sulfonamides 1-13 varied between -0.47 and 2.61 (IA LOGP). Thus these compounds are only slightly or moderate lipophilic. The lipophilicity of the cancerostatic sulfonamides 14-18 is from relatively narrow interval between -0.07 and 1.68 (IA LOGP). The most potent CAI 10-13 are also the most lipophilic compounds among the antiglaucomatics studied. The available experimental solubilities are best reproduced by the IA LOGS method. The computed solubilities qualitatively correlate with the corresponding lipophilicities, logS increasing as logP declines. The analysis of molecular descriptors defined by Lipinski have been shown that all of the sulfonamides studied obey 'Rule of 5'. Therefore, in the early stages of the design of antiglaucoma sulfonamides, it is becoming more important to determine the pKa, lipophilicity, water solubility, and other physicochemical properties associated with a drug, before synthetic work is undertaken, with the aim of avoiding the synthesis of compounds that are predicted to have poor biopharmaceutical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Remko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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44
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Whittington DA, Grubb JH, Waheed A, Shah GN, Sly WS, Christianson DW. Expression, Assay, and Structure of the Extracellular Domain of Murine Carbonic Anhydrase XIV. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:7223-8. [PMID: 14660577 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m310809200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) XIV is the most recently identified mammalian carbonic anhydrase isozyme, and its presence has been demonstrated in a number of tissues. Full-length CA XIV is a transmembrane protein composed of an extracellular catalytic domain, a single transmembrane helix, and a short intracellular polypeptide segment. The amino acid sequence identity of human CA XIV relative to the other membrane-associated isozymes (CA IV, CA IX, and CA XII) is 34-46%. We report here the expression and purification of both the full-length enzyme and a truncated, secretory form of murine CA XIV. Both forms of this isozyme are highly active, and both show an abrogation of activity in the presence of 0.2% SDS, in contrast to the behavior of murine CA IV. We also report the crystal structure of the extracellular domain of murine CA XIV at 2.8 A resolution and of an enzyme-acetazolamide complex at 2.9 A resolution. The structure shows a monomeric glycoprotein with a topology similar to that of other mammalian CA isozymes. Based on the x-ray crystallographic results, we compare and contrast known structures of membrane-associated CA isozymes to rationalize the structural elements responsible for the SDS resistance of CA IV and to discuss prospects for the design of selective inhibitors of membrane-associated CA isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Whittington
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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45
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46
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Remko M. Theoretical Study of Molecular Structure and Gas-Phase Acidity of Some Biologically Active Sulfonamides. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026980m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Remko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
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47
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Ferraroni M, Briganti F, Chegwidden W, Supuran CT, Scozzafava A. Crystal analysis of aromatic sulfonamide binding to native and (Zn)2 adduct of human carbonic anhydrase I Michigan 1. Inorganica Chim Acta 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(02)00959-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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48
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Grüneberg S, Stubbs MT, Klebe G. Successful virtual screening for novel inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase: strategy and experimental confirmation. J Med Chem 2002; 45:3588-602. [PMID: 12166932 DOI: 10.1021/jm011112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Virtual screening of compound libraries is an alternative and complementary approach to high-throughput screening in the lead discovery process. A new strategy is described to search for possible leads of human carbonic anhydrase II, applying a protocol of several consecutive hierarchical filters involving a preselection based on functional group requirements and fast pharmacophore matching. A suitable pharmacophore is derived by a sophisticated "hot spot" analysis of the binding site to detect regions favorable for protein-ligand interactions. In subsequent steps, molecular similarity with known reference ligands is used to rerank the hits from the pharmacophore matching. Finally the best scored candidates are docked flexibly into the protein binding pocket. After examination of the affinity predictions, 13 compounds were selected for experimental testing. Of these 13, three could be shown to be subnanomolar, one is nanomolar, while a further seven are micromolar inhibitors. The binding mode of two hits could be confirmed by crystal structure analysis. The novelty of the discovered leads is best supported by the fact that a search in the patent literature showed the newly discovered subnanomolar compounds to comprise scaffolds not yet covered by existing patents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Grüneberg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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49
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Kim CY, Whittington DA, Chang JS, Liao J, May JA, Christianson DW. Structural aspects of isozyme selectivity in the binding of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases II and IV. J Med Chem 2002; 45:888-93. [PMID: 11831900 DOI: 10.1021/jm010163d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are effective in lowering intraocular pressure, the primary indication of glaucoma. Human carbonic anhydrase II, and possibly carbonic anhydrase IV (CAII and CAIV, respectively), help regulate fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye. Because inhibitors currently formulated as drugs to treat glaucoma were designed to target CAII, an understanding of the structural basis of CAII-CAIV discrimination by inhibitors would be useful for probing the role of each isozyme in the etiology of the disease. Here, we report the X-ray crystal structures of three novel thieno[3,2-e]-1,2-thiazine-6-sulfonamides complexed with CAII and the computationally predicted structures of the same compounds complexed with CAIV. All three compounds bind with similar affinity to CAII, but they bind with up to 100-fold lower affinities to CAIV. Comparisons of experimentally determined structures of CAII-inhibitor complexes and computationally predicted structures of CAIV-inhibitor complexes allow us to rationalize these affinity trends and outline molecular features that may contribute to high-affinity inhibitor binding to CAIV. This study demonstrates how experimental structure determination methods and computational structure prediction methods can be used together to answer questions that cannot be answered by either method alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Young Kim
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
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50
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Wingo T, Tu C, Laipis PJ, Silverman DN. The catalytic properties of human carbonic anhydrase IX. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 288:666-9. [PMID: 11676494 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is an integral membrane protein and a member of the alpha class of carbonic anhydrases that includes the human and animal enzymes. We have prepared a truncated, recombinant form of human CA IX of 255 residues consistent with full-length human CA II, among the most efficient of the carbonic anhydrases. Catalysis by and inhibition of this form of human CA IX has been investigated using stopped-flow spectrophotometry and 18O exchange measured by mass spectrometry. In kinetic constants for the hydration of CO2, CA IX closely resembled CA II with maximal proton transfer-dependent 18O exchange near 1 micros(-1) and kcat/Km near 55 microM(-1) x s(-1). Human CA IX was very strongly inhibited by three classic sulfonamides and cyanate, with inhibition constants that are close to those for CA II.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wingo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0267, USA
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