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Wang L, Kong B, Wang J, Yang G, Wu X, Zang J, Li C, Wang X, Si M, Wang Z, Liu P, Wang Y, Chen H, Liu F, Yang PP, Wang L, Wang H, Xu W. A Novel Targeted Microtubules Transformable Nanopeptide System Yields Strong Anti-Prostate Cancer Effects by Suppressing Nuclear Translocation of Androgen Receptors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407826. [PMID: 39313982 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
The extended use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may often lead to the progression from castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC) to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in prostate cancer. To address this, it is essential to inhibit the nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor (AR) as part of an effective disease-modifying strategy. Microtubules play a central role in facilitating AR nuclear translocation, highlighting their importance as a therapeutic target. In this regard, a designated as the targeted microtubules transformable nanopeptide system (MTN) is developed. This system is designed to disrupt microtubule structure and function through dual-targeting of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and β-tubulin. Initially, MTN targets prostate cells via PSMA and then specifically binds to β-tubulin within microtubules, leading to the formation of nanofibers. These nanofibers subsequently induce the polymerization of microtubules, thereby disrupting AR transport. Notably, MTN exhibits efficient and prolonged suppression of prostate cancer across the spectrum from CSPC to CRPC, with a highly favorable safety profile in normal cells. These findings highlight the potential of MTN as a novel and promising approach for comprehensive prostate cancer therapy throughout its entire progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bin Kong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiuhai Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jiahui Zang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Cong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Minggui Si
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Pan Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Feng Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Pei-Pei Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wanhai Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
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Lacerenza S, Ciregia F, Giusti L, Bonotti A, Greco V, Giannaccini G, D'Antongiovanni V, Fallahi P, Pieroni L, Cristaudo A, Lucacchini A, Mazzoni MR, Foddis R. Putative Biomarkers for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Suggested by Proteomic Analysis of Cell Secretome. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2020; 17:225-236. [PMID: 32345664 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) a rare neoplasm linked to asbestos exposure is characterized by a poor prognosis. Soluble mesothelin is currently considered the most specific diagnostic biomarker. The aim of the study was to identify novel biomarkers by proteomic analysis of two MPM cell lines secretome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The protein patterns of MPM cells secretome were examined and compared to a non-malignant mesothelial cell line using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Serum levels of candidate biomarkers were determined in MPM patients and control subjects. RESULTS Two up-regulated proteins involved in cancer biology, prosaposin and quiescin Q6 sulfhydryl oxidase 1, were considered candidate biomarkers. Serum levels of both proteins were significantly higher in MPM patients than control subjects. Combining the data of each receiver-operating characteristic analysis predicted a good diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSION A panel of the putative biomarkers represents a promising tool for MPM diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federica Ciregia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Rheumatology, GIGA Research, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laura Giusti
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bonotti
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Viviana Greco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit, IRCCS-Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Cristaudo
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lucacchini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Rudy Foddis
- Department of Translational Research and New Medical and Surgical Technologies, Occupational Medicine Unit, University-Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Choi KM, Hwang SD, Joo MS, Hwang JY, Kwon MG, Jeong JM, Seo JS, Lee JH, Lee HC, Park CI. Two short antimicrobial peptides derived from prosaposin-like proteins in the starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:95-103. [PMID: 32619625 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Prosaposin (PSAP) is a precursor of saposin (SAP), which is present in lysosomal and secreted proteins. PSAP is a member of the SAP-like protein families, which comprise multifunctional proteins. In particular, their antimicrobial activity has been reported. We identified PSAP-like (PsPSAPL) sequences from starry flounder and analysed their expression and antimicrobial activity based on cDNA and amino acid sequences. PsPSAPL showed conservation of three saposin B type domains at high levels, and PsPSAPL mRNA was relatively abundantly distributed in the brain and gills of healthy starry founders. PsPSAPL mRNA showed significant expression changes in response to viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus and Streptococcus parauberis. Synthetic peptides (PsPSAPL-1 and -2), prepared based on amino acid sequences, were used to confirm as well as analyse the antimicrobial activity against bacteria and parasites. Consequently, PsPSAPL-1 and -2 were found to significantly inhibit the growth of various bacteria and kill the Miamiensis avidus. In addition, bacterial biofilm formation was significantly inhibited. Safety was also confirmed by analysing cell haemolysis. These results indicate the immunological function of PsPSAP and the potential antimicrobial activity of the AMPs PsPSAPL-1 and -2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Min Choi
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Don Hwang
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Joo
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Youn Hwang
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun-Gyeong Kwon
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jeong
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Seo
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Chung Lee
- Aquatic Animal Disease Control Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Il Park
- Institute of Marine Industry, College of Marine Science, Gyeongsang National University, 455, Tongyeong, 650-160, Republic of Korea.
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Islam F, Khan MSI, Nabeka H, Shimokawa T, Yamamiya K, Matsuda S. Age- and sex-associated changes in prosaposin and its receptors in the lacrimal glands of rats. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:69-81. [PMID: 31215019 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prosaposin, a saposin precursor, is a potent neurotrophic factor found in several tissues and various biological fluids. Saposin-deficient patients have different ophthalmic disorders, indicating a relationship between ocular health and prosaposin. However, there is little information about prosaposin on the ocular surface. Because ocular functions are diverse and depend on age and sex, we examined whether prosaposin and its receptors, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) and GPR37L1, are expressed in the major ocular glands, the extra orbital lacrimal gland (ELG), and harderian gland (HG) of rats and whether sex and aging affect their expression. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that prosaposin and its receptors were expressed in the ELGs and HGs of rats, although their expression varied based on the type of gland, age, and sex. Prosaposin, GPR37, and GPR37L1 were expressed in the basolateral membranes and cytoplasm of acinar cells of the ELGs, and their immunoreactivities were higher in female rats of menopausal age than age-matched male rats. However, such age- and sex-related differences in the immunoreactivities of prosaposin, GPR37, and GPR37L1 were not observed in the HGs. Triple immunofluorescence labelling revealed that prosaposin, GPR37, and GPR37L1 were co-localised in the acinar and ductal cells in the ELGs, although the degrees of colocalization varied according to the age and sex of the rats. Together, the present results showed that prosaposin and its receptors were expressed in the major ocular glands of rats, and their immunoreactivities to the ELGs differed considerably with age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Md Sakirul Islam Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Nabeka
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamiya
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
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5
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Islam F, Khan MSI, Nabeka H, Saito S, Li X, Shimokawa T, Yamamiya K, Kobayashi N, Matsuda S. Prosaposin and its receptors are differentially expressed in the salivary glands of male and female rats. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 373:439-457. [PMID: 29656342 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2835-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Salivary glands produce various neurotrophins that are thought to regulate salivary function during normal and pathological conditions. Prosaposin (PSAP) is a potent neurotrophin found in several tissues and various biological fluids and may play roles in the regulation of salivary function. However, little is known about PSAP in salivary glands. As the functions of salivary glands are diverse based on age and sex, this study examines whether PSAP and its receptors, G protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) and GPR37L1, are expressed in the salivary glands of rats and whether sex and aging affect their expression. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PSAP and its receptors were expressed in the major salivary glands of rats, although their expression varied considerably based on the type of gland, acinar cells, age and sex. In fact, PSAP, GPR37 and GPR37L1 were predominantly expressed in granular convoluted tubule cells of the submandibular gland and the intensity of their immunoreactivity was higher in young adult female rats than age-matched male rats, which was more prominent at older ages (mature adult to menopause). On the other hand, weak PSAP, GPR37 and GPR37L1 immunoreactivity was observed mainly in the basal layer of mucous cells of the sublingual gland. Triple label immunofluorescence analysis revealed that PSAP, GPR37 and GPR37L1 were co-localized in the basal layer of acinar and ductal cells in the major salivary glands. The present findings indicate that PSAP and its receptors, GPR37 and GPR37L1, are expressed in the major salivary glands of rats and their immunoreactivities differ considerably with age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Islam
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Md Sakirul Islam Khan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan. .,Department of Animal Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Hiroaki Nabeka
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Shouichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shimokawa
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Kimiko Yamamiya
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Naoto Kobayashi
- Medical Education Center, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, 791-0295, Japan
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Díaz P, Cardenas H, Orihuela PA. Red Maca (Lepidium meyenii
) did not affect cell viability despite increased androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen gene expression in the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP. Andrologia 2016; 48:922-6. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Díaz
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA; Santiago Chile
| | - H. Cardenas
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA; Santiago Chile
| | - P. A. Orihuela
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de la Reproducción; Facultad de Química y Biología; Universidad de Santiago de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo en Nanociencia y Nanotecnología-CEDENNA; Santiago Chile
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Ali A, Creevey L, Hao Y, McCartan D, O'Gaora P, Hill A, Young L, McIlroy M. Prosaposin activates the androgen receptor and potentiates resistance to endocrine treatment in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:123. [PMID: 26341737 PMCID: PMC4560928 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction HOX genes play vital roles in growth and development, however, atypical redeployment of these genes is often associated with steroidal adaptability in endocrine cancers. We previously identified HOXC11 to be an indicator of poor response to hormonal therapy in breast cancer. In this study we aimed to elucidate genes regulated by HOXC11 in the endocrine resistant setting. Methods RNA-sequencing paired with transcription factor motif-mapping was utilised to identify putative HOXC11 target genes in endocrine resistant breast cancer. Validation and functional evaluation of the target gene, prosaposin (PSAP), was performed in a panel of endocrine sensitive and resistant breast cancer cell lines. The clinical significance of this finding was explored in clinical cohorts at both mRNA and protein level. Results PSAP was shown to be regulated by HOXC11 in both tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor (AI) resistant cell lines. Transcript levels of HOXC11 and PSAP correlated strongly in samples of primary breast tumours (r = 0.7692, n = 51). PSAP has previously been reported to activate androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer cells. In a panel of breast cancer cell lines it was shown that endocrine resistant cells exhibit innately elevated levels of AR compared to their endocrine sensitive counterparts. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation with PSAP can drive AR recruitment to a hormone response element (HRE) in AI resistant breast cancer cells. Functionally, PSAP promotes cell migration and invasion only in AI resistant cells and not in their endocrine sensitive counterparts. In a cohort of breast cancer patients (n = 34), elevated serum levels of PSAP were found to associate significantly with poor response to endocrine treatment (p = 0.04). Meta-analysis of combined PSAP and AR mRNA are indicative of poor disease-free survival in endocrine treated breast cancer patients (hazard ratio (HR): 2.2, P = 0.0003, n = 661). Conclusion The HOXC11 target gene, PSAP, is an AR activator which facilitates adaptation to a more invasive phenotype in vitro. These findings have particular relevance to the development of resistance to AI therapy which is an emerging clinical issue. PSAP is a secreted biomarker which has potential in identifying patients failing to exhibit sustained response to hormonal treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-015-0636-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlena Ali
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Laura Creevey
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Yuan Hao
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Damian McCartan
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Peadar O'Gaora
- School of Medicine and Medical Science, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Arnold Hill
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Leonie Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Marie McIlroy
- Endocrine Oncology Research, Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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La Sala G, Marazziti D, Di Pietro C, Golini E, Matteoni R, Tocchini-Valentini GP. Modulation of Dhh signaling and altered Sertoli cell function in mice lacking the GPR37-prosaposin receptor. FASEB J 2015; 29:2059-69. [PMID: 25609427 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-269209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian G-protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is expressed in brain, in adult testis, and during the early phase of gonad differentiation. Somatic Sertoli cells (SCs) are located within the seminiferous tubules where they support the germinal epithelium. An adequate number of SCs is required for the complete prepubertal differentiation of germ cells and adult fertility. This study shows that Gpr37 and its ligand prosaposin are both postnatally expressed by SCs, whose proliferation and maturation are affected in Gpr37-null mutant mice during postnatal testicular development. Mutant pups show a delayed timing in sperm cell development, with a partial arrest of spermatocytes at the meiotic pachytene (e.g., 1.5-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P21 pups) and their increased apoptosis (e.g., 1.8-fold and 3.5-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P21 and adult mice, respectively). Mutant adults have reduced testis weight (wild type, 299 ± 5 mg; knockout, 258 ± 16 mg; P < 0.05) and epididymal sperm count and motility (e.g., 1.5-fold and 1.45-fold decrease in Gpr37(-/-) mice, respectively). Lack of Gpr37 results in the reduction in androgen receptor levels during prepubertal testis development, alongside the altered expression of SC maturation markers. It also affects the prepubertal testis expression of desert hedgehog (Dhh) mitogenic cascade components (Dhh, 1.3-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P10 and P21 pups; Gli2, 1.4-fold and 1.6-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P10 and P21 pups, respectively) including patched homolog 1 (1.3-fold increase in Gpr37(-/-) P10 and P21 pups), which is found localized in prepubertal SCs and is associated with Gpr37 in cultured primary SC samples. These results indicate that Gpr37 is a specific modulator of murine testis Dhh mitogenic signaling and SC proliferation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina La Sala
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marazziti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Pietro
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Golini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Rafaele Matteoni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Glauco P Tocchini-Valentini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Emma-Infrafrontier-Impc, "A. Buzzati-Traverso" Campus, Istituto di Biologia Cellulare e Neurobiologia, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Hendrix MJC. Two Faces of Cathepsin D: Physiological Guardian Angel and Pathological Demon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 6. [PMID: 25663755 PMCID: PMC4318633 DOI: 10.4172/0974-8369.1000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery as a lysosomal hydrolase, Cathepsin D (CatD) has been the subject of intensive scrutiny by numerous scientists. Those accumulated efforts have defined its biosynthetic pathway, structure, and companion proteins in the context of its perceived “house keeping” function. However, in the past two decades CatD has emerged as a multifunctional enzyme, involved in myriad biological processes beyond its original “housekeeping” role. CatD is responsible for selective and limited cleavage (quite distinct from non-specific protein degradation) of particular substrates vital to proper cellular function. These proteolytic events are critical in the control of biological processes, including cell cycle progression, differentiation and migration, morphogenesis and tissue remodeling, immunological processes, ovulation, fertilization, neuronal outgrowth, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. Consistent with the biological relevance of CatD, its deficiency, altered regulation or post-translational modification underlie important pathological conditions such as cancer, atherosclerosis, neurological and skin disorders. Specifically, deregulated synthesis, post-translational modifications and hyper-secretion of CatD, along with its mitogenic effects, are established hallmarks of cancer. More importantly, but less studied, is its significance in regulating the sensitivity to anticancer drugs. This review outlines CatD’s post-translational modifications, cellular trafficking, secretion and protein binding partners in normal mammary gland, and restates the “site-specific” function of CatD which is most probably dictated by its post-translational modifications and binding partners. Noteworthy, CatD’s association with one of its binding partners in the context of drug sensitivity is highlighted, with the optimism that it could contribute to the development of more effective chemotherapeutic agent(s) tailored for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Khalkhali-Ellis
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 222, Chicago, Illinois, 60614-3394, USA
| | - Mary J C Hendrix
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 2300 Children's Plaza, Box 222, Chicago, Illinois, 60614-3394, USA
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10
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Zhou J, Richardson M, Reddy V, Menon M, Barrack ER, Reddy GPV, Kim SH. Structural and functional association of androgen receptor with telomeres in prostate cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2013; 5:3-17. [PMID: 23363843 PMCID: PMC3616228 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres protect the ends of linear chromosomes from being recognized as damaged DNA, and telomere stability is required for genome stability. Here we demonstrate that telomere stability in androgen receptor (AR)-positive LNCaP human prostate cancer cells is dependent on AR and androgen, as AR inactivation by AR antagonist bicalutamide (Casodex), AR-knockdown, or androgen-depletion caused telomere dysfunction, and the effect of androgen-depletion or Casodex was blocked by the addition of androgen. Notably, neither actinomycin D nor cycloheximide blocked the DNA damage response to Casodex, indicating that the role of AR in telomere stability is independent of its role in transcription. We also demonstrate that AR is a component of telomeres, as AR-bound chromatin contains telomeric DNA, and telomeric chromatin contains AR. Importantly, AR inactivation by Casodex caused telomere aberrations, including multiple abnormal telomere signals, remindful of a fragile telomere phenotype that has been described previously to result from defective telomere DNA replication. We suggest that AR plays an important role in telomere stability and replication of telomere DNA in prostate cancer cells, and that AR inactivation-mediated telomere dysfunction may contribute to genomic instability and progression of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junying Zhou
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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11
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Murthy S, Wu M, Bai VU, Hou Z, Menon M, Barrack ER, Kim SH, Reddy GPV. Role of androgen receptor in progression of LNCaP prostate cancer cells from G1 to S phase. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56692. [PMID: 23437213 PMCID: PMC3577675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. However, its mechanism of action in proliferation remains unknown. An understanding of the mechanism of AR action in proliferation may lead to the development of effective strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we report that pulse treatment of synchronized LNCaP cells with Casodex, an AR-antagonist, for 4 hours in mid-G1 phase was sufficient to prevent cells from entering S phase. Since the assembly of pre-replication complex (pre-RC) in G1 is required for the progression of cells from G1 to S phase, the effect of Casodex during mid-G1 suggested that the role of AR in proliferation might be to regulate the assembly of pre-RC. To test this possibility, we investigated the interaction between AR and Cdc6, an essential component of pre-RC in LNCaP cells. AR co-localized and co-immunoprecipitated with Cdc6, and Casodex treatment disrupted this interaction. AR-immunoprecipitate (AR-IP) also contained cyclin E and cyclin A, which play a critical role in pre-RC assembly and cell cycle entry into S phase, and DNA polymerase-α, PCNA, and ribonucleotide reductase, which are essential for the initiation of DNA synthesis. In addition, in cells in S phase, AR co-sedimented with components of the DNA replication machinery of cells that entered S phase. Conclusions/Significance Together, these observations suggest a novel role of AR as a component of the pre-RC to exert control over progression of LNCaP cells from G1 to S phase through a mechanism that is independent of its role as a transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Murthy
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Min Wu
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - V. Uma Bai
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zizheng Hou
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mani Menon
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Evelyn R. Barrack
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sahn-Ho Kim
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - G. Prem-Veer Reddy
- Vattikuti Urology Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wu Y, Sun L, Zou W, Xu J, Liu H, Wang W, Yun X, Gu J. Prosaposin, a regulator of estrogen receptor alpha, promotes breast cancer growth. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:1820-5. [PMID: 22738294 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2012.02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Prosaposin, a secreted protein, is a well-known pleiotropic growth factor. Although a previous report has indicated that prosaposin is overexpressed in breast cancer cell lines, the role of prosaposin in the development of breast cancer remains to be identified. Here, we first revealed that prosaposin upregulated estrogen receptor alpha expression, nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity by western blot, immunofluorescence assay and dual luciferase reporter gene assay, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated prosaposin upregulated estrogen receptor alpha expression through MAPK-signaling pathway using MAPK inhibitor. Proliferation assay and tumor xenograft experiments in nude mice (n = 6 per group) further confirmed prosaposin could promote breast cancer growth significantly in vitro and in vivo. These findings suggested that prosaposin might enhance estrogen receptor alpha-mediated signaling axis and play a role in breast cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, China
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13
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Boll K, Reiche K, Kasack K, Mörbt N, Kretzschmar AK, Tomm JM, Verhaegh G, Schalken J, von Bergen M, Horn F, Hackermüller J. MiR-130a, miR-203 and miR-205 jointly repress key oncogenic pathways and are downregulated in prostate carcinoma. Oncogene 2012; 32:277-85. [PMID: 22391564 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With ∼30 000 deaths annually in the United States, prostate cancer (PCa) is a major oncologic disease. Here we show that the microRNAs miR-130a, miR-203 and miR-205 jointly interfere with the two major oncogenic pathways in prostate carcinoma and are downregulated in cancer tissue. Using transcriptomics we show that the microRNAs repress several gene products known to be overexpressed in this cancer. Argonaute 2 (AGO2) co-immunoprecipitation, reporter assays and western blot analysis demonstrate that the microRNAs directly target several components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathways, among those several AR coregulators and HRAS (Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog), and repress signaling activity. Both pathways are central for the development of the primary tumor and in particular the progression to its incurable castration-resistant form. Reconstitution of the microRNAs in LNCaP PCa cells induce morphological changes, which resemble the effect of androgen deprivation, and jointly impair tumor cell growth by induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. We therefore propose that these microRNAs jointly act as tumor suppressors in prostate carcinoma and might interfere with progression to castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Boll
- RNomics Group, Fraunhofer IZI, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Koochekpour S, Hu S, Vellasco-Gonzalez C, Bernardo R, Azabdaftari G, Zhu G, Zhau HE, Chung LWK, Vessella RL. Serum prosaposin levels are increased in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Prostate 2012; 72:253-69. [PMID: 21630292 PMCID: PMC3406735 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously cloned prosaposin (PSAP) from metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPCa) cells and demonstrated its genomic amplification and/or overexpression in metastatic PCa cell lines, xenografts, and lymph node metastases. The clinicohistopathological significance of serum PSAP levels and its tissue expression and association with predictive or prognostic variable in primary or advanced PCa are not known. METHODS We examined PSAP expression by immunohistochemical staining during early embryogenic development of the prostate and within a large tissue microarray which included 266 benign and malignant prostate tissues. In addition, serum PSAP levels in the age-adjusted normal male population and in 154 normal individuals and patients with primary or mCRPCa were measured by an ELISA assay. RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed a significant and inverse association between PSAP expression and clinical stages II and III tumors, dominant Gleason patterns 3 and 4, and seminal vesicle invasion. In the normal male population, the lowest serum PSAP level was detected before puberty, peaked at the most reproductive age group (20- to 39-year old), and then, decreased to a range between the two groups for men above 40-year old. Regardless of age and when compared with normal individuals, serum PSAP levels significantly decreased in primary organ-confined PCa, but increased in those with mCRPCa. CONCLUSION Our results show that PSAP has the potential to differentiate between primary and advanced PCa. Additional large-scale studies are needed to define the usefulness of tissue expression or serum PSAP levels as a diagnostic or prognostic marker or as a therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Koochekpour
- Department of Urology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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15
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Pawar H, Kashyap MK, Sahasrabuddhe NA, Renuse S, Harsha HC, Kumar P, Sharma J, Kandasamy K, Marimuthu A, Nair B, Rajagopalan S, Maharudraiah J, Premalatha CS, Kumar KVV, Vijayakumar M, Chaerkady R, Prasad TSK, Kumar RV, Pandey A. Quantitative tissue proteomics of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma for novel biomarker discovery. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:510-22. [PMID: 21743296 PMCID: PMC3218592 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.6.16833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is among the top ten most frequent malignancies worldwide. In this study, our objective was to identify potential biomarkers for ESCC through a quantitative proteomic approach using the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) approach. We compared the protein expression profiles of ESCC tumor tissues with the corresponding adjacent normal tissue from ten patients. LC-MS/MS analysis of strong cation exchange chromatography fractions was carried out on an Accurate Mass QTOF mass spectrometer, which led to the identification of 687 proteins. In all, 257 proteins were identified as differentially expressed in ESCC as compared to normal. We found several previously known protein biomarkers to be upregulated in ESCC including thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), periostin 1 (POSTN) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 9 (HSPA9) confirming the validity of our approach. In addition, several novel proteins that had not been reported previously were identified in our screen. These novel biomarker candidates included prosaposin (PSAP), plectin 1 (PLEC1) and protein disulfide isomerase A 4 (PDIA4) that were further validated to be overexpressed by immunohistochemical labeling using tissue microarrays. The success of our study shows that this mass spectrometric strategy can be applied to cancers in general to develop a panel of candidate biomarkers, which can then be validated by other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Pawar
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences; Bangalore, India
- Department of Pathology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Bangalore, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
| | - Nandini A Sahasrabuddhe
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Manipal University; Manipal, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Santosh Renuse
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Kollam, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - HC Harsha
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Manipal University; Manipal, India
| | - Kumaran Kandasamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
| | - Arivusudar Marimuthu
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Manipal University; Manipal, India
| | - Bipin Nair
- Department of Biotechnology; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham; Kollam, India
| | | | - Jagadeesha Maharudraiah
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- RajaRajeswari Medical College; Bangalore, India
| | | | | | - M Vijayakumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Bangalore, India
| | - Raghothama Chaerkady
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thotterthodi Subrahmanya Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics; International Technology Park; Bangalore, India
- Manipal University; Manipal, India
- Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Pondicherry University; Pondicherry, India
| | - Rekha V Kumar
- Department of Pathology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology; Bangalore, India
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Oncology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
- Pathology; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
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16
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Ding Y, Wang X, Xu A, Xu X, Tian K, Young CY, Yuan H. Associations of saposin C, Src, and androgen receptor upregulate the expression and function of androgen receptor in human prostate cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:818-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Koochekpour S. Androgen receptor signaling and mutations in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2010; 12:639-57. [PMID: 20711217 PMCID: PMC3006239 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2010.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal and neoplastic growth of the prostate gland are dependent on androgen receptor (AR) expression and function. Androgenic activation of the AR, in association with its coregulatory factors, is the classical pathway that leads to transcriptional activity of AR target genes. Alternatively, cytoplasmic signaling crosstalk of AR by growth factors, neurotrophic peptides, cytokines or nonandrogenic hormones may have important roles in prostate carcinogenesis and in metastatic or androgen-independent (AI) progression of the disease. In addition, cross-modulation by various nuclear transcription factors acting through basal transcriptional machinery could positively or negatively affect the AR or AR target genes expression and activity. Androgen ablation leads to an initial favorable response in a significant number of patients; however, almost invariably patients relapse with an aggressive form of the disease known as castration-resistant or hormone-refractory prostate cancer (PCa). Understanding critical molecular events that lead PCa cells to resist androgen-deprivation therapy is essential in developing successful treatments for hormone-refractory disease. In a significant number of hormone-refractory patients, the AR is overexpressed, mutated or genomically amplified. These genetic alterations maintain an active presence for a highly sensitive AR, which is responsive to androgens, antiandrogens or nonandrogenic hormones and collectively confer a selective growth advantage to PCa cells. This review provides a brief synopsis of the AR structure, AR coregulators, posttranslational modifications of AR, duality of AR function in prostate epithelial and stromal cells, AR-dependent signaling, genetic changes in the form of somatic and germline mutations and their known functional significance in PCa cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Koochekpour
- Department of Urology and Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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18
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Zhang J, Wang L, Anderson LB, Witthuhn B, Xu Y, Lü J. Proteomic profiling of potential molecular targets of methyl-selenium compounds in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2010; 3:994-1006. [PMID: 20647336 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-09-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Because the Selenium (Se) and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) failed to show the efficacy of selenomethionine for prostate cancer prevention, there is a critical need to identify safe and efficacious Se forms for future trials. We have recently shown significant preventive benefit of methylseleninic acid (MSeA) and Se-methylselenocysteine (MSeC) in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model by oral administration. The present work applied iTRAQ proteomic approach to profile protein changes of the TRAMP prostate and to characterize their modulation by MSeA and MSeC to identify their potential molecular targets. Dorsolateral prostates from wild-type mice at 18 weeks of age and TRAMP mice treated with water (control), MSeA, or MSeC (3 mg Se/kg) from 8 to 18 weeks of age were pooled (9-10 mice per group) and subjected to protein extraction, followed by protein denaturation, reduction, and alkylation. After tryptic digestion, the peptides were labeled with iTRAQ reagents, mixed together, and analyzed by two-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Of 342 proteins identified with >95% confidence, the expression of 75 proteins was significantly different between TRAMP and wild-type mice. MSeA mainly affected proteins related to prostate functional differentiation, androgen receptor signaling, protein (mis)folding, and endoplasmic reticulum-stress responses, whereas MSeC affected proteins involved in phase II detoxification or cytoprotection, and in stromal cells. Although MSeA and MSeC are presumed precursors of methylselenol and were equally effective against the TRAMP model, their distinct affected protein profiles suggest biological differences in their molecular targets outweigh similarities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, 55912, USA
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19
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GUO F, LUO ZW, LIU ZY, LI YQ, LI HJ, ZHOU TH. Studies of effect of prosaposin on cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and its possible molecular mechanism. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2009; 31:1226-32. [PMID: 20042390 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2009.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Koochekpour S, Lee TJ, Sun Y, Hu S, Grabowski GA, Liu Z, Garay J. Prosaposin is an AR-target gene and its neurotrophic domain upregulates AR expression and activity in prostate stromal cells. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:2272-85. [PMID: 18481277 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have introduced prosaposin (PSAP) as a pleiotrophic growth factor for prostate cancer (PCa). We have previously reported that PSAP or one of its known active molecular derivatives, saposin C functions as an androgen-agonist and androgen-regulated gene (ARG) for androgen-sensitive (AS) PCa cell lines. Due to the potential significance of androgen receptor (AR)-expressing stroma in PCa, we evaluated a possible bi-directional paracrine regulatory interactions between DHT and PSAP in AR-positive prostate stromal (PrSt) cells. We report that saposin C in a ligand-independent manner increased AR expression, its nuclear content, and tyrosine phosphorylation. DHT treatment of PrSt cells increased PSAP expression. We also demonstrated both serum- and androgen-inducibility of a previously characterized hormone-responsive element (HRE) located in the proximal region of PSAP promoter. In addition, conditioned-media derived from PrSt cells and bone fibroblasts (i.e., MSF) differentially increased PSAP-promoter activity in androgen-independent (AI) PC-3 and AS LNCaP cells. Our data for the first time demonstrate that not only saposin C or PSAP regulates AR expression/activity, but also function as an ARG in PrSt. Ligand-independent activation of AR by PSAP or saposin C in PCa and stromal cells may contribute not only to prostate carcinogenesis at an early stage, but also in AI progression of the disease in an androgen-deprived tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koochekpour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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21
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Ochiai T, Takenaka Y, Kuramoto Y, Kasuya M, Fukuda K, Kimura M, Shimeno H, Misasi R, Hiraiwa M, Soeda S. Molecular mechanism for neuro-protective effect of prosaposin against oxidative stress: its regulation of dimeric transcription factor formation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1780:1441-7. [PMID: 18706485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Prosaposin triggers G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated protein kinase B (Akt)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation cascades to exert its neurotrophic and myelinotrophic activity capable of preventing neural cell death and promoting neural proliferation and glial differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the down-stream neurotrophic signaling mechanism of prosaposin by which rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells are protected from cell death induced by oxidative stress. When PC-12 cells were exposed to H2O2, the cells underwent abrupt shrinkage followed by apoptosis. Prosaposin treatment at as low as 1 nM protected PC-12 cells from cell death by the oxidative stress with the activation of an ERK phosphorylation cascade. Simultaneously, prosaposin blocked the oxidative stress induced-Akt phosphorylation that acts on the down-stream of caspase-3 activation. A MEK inhibitor, PD98059, or a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002, abolished the survival effect of prosaposin on the oxidative stress-induced cell death. Furthermore, prosaposin blocked the oxidative stress-induced phosphorylations of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 stress-activated protein kinase. We further investigated the effect of prosaposin treatment on the phosphorylation of activating protein-1 (AP-1) complex components, c-Jun and activating transcription factor (ATF)-3. Western blot analysis demonstrated that prosaposin treatment at 100 ng/ml decreased the levels of c-Jun and ATF-3 induced by H2O2 stimulation. Our results suggest that prosaposin aids survival of PC-12 cells from oxidative stress not only by reducing the phosphorylation levels of JNK and p38, but also by regulating the c-Jun/AP-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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22
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Adrenal cortex. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:284-299. [PMID: 18438178 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283040e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Ding Y, Yuan HQ, Kong F, Hu XY, Ren K, Cai J, Wang XL, Young CYF. Ectopic expression of neurotrophic peptide derived from saposin C increases proliferation and upregulates androgen receptor expression and transcriptional activity in human prostate cancer cells. Asian J Androl 2007; 9:601-9. [PMID: 17712477 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2007.00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the effects of the functional domain of saposin C (neurotrophic peptide [NP]) on androgen receptor (AR) expression and transcriptional activity. METHODS We constructed DNA vectors expressing NP or a chimeric peptide of the viral TAT transduction domain and NP (TAT-NP) using gene cloning technology. The effects of ectopic expression of NP or TAT-NP on cell growth were examined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, transient transfection and reporter gene assays were used to determine the effects of NP on AR expression and activation. RESULTS NP stimulated proliferation of androgen responsive LNCaP cells in the absence of androgens. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that ectopic expression of NP resulted in induction of AR gene expression, and that the NP-stimulated expression of AR could be synergistically enhanced in the presence of androgens. Furthermore, reporter gene assay results showed that NP could enhance AR transactivation by increasing androgen-inducible gene reporter activity. CONCLUSION We provided evidence that ectopic expression of saposin C-originated NP could upregulate AR gene expression and activate the AR transcriptional function in an androgen-independent manner in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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24
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Lu S, Wang A, Lu S, Dong Z. A novel synthetic compound that interrupts androgen receptor signaling in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:2057-64. [PMID: 17620434 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 6-amino-2-[2-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy)-ethylsulfonyl]-1H-pyrimidine-4-one (DL3), a novel synthetic compound with small-molecule drug properties, on androgen-regulated gene expression and cell growth in human prostate cancer cells. LNCaP, 22Rv1, and LAPC-4 cells were used in the studies. Expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and androgen receptor (AR) was determined by ELISA, Western blotting, real-time reverse transcription-PCR, nuclear run-on, and/or promoter luciferase reporter assays. Effects of DL3 on cell growth were determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide staining. DL3 inhibited dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced PSA expression in a dose-dependent fashion. The inhibitory effects of DL3 were more potent than those of flutamide, nilutamide, and bicalutamide. Moreover, DL3 blocked the stimulatory effects of nilutamide on PSA expression in LNCaP cells. Unlike the three classic antiandrogens, DL3 did not show intrinsic AR agonist activity. Nuclear run-on and PSA promoter reporter assays revealed that DL3 blocked DHT-induced PSA gene transcription. Consistent with its effects on PSA expression, DL3 inhibited DHT-stimulated cell growth with a potency significantly superior to flutamide, nilutamide, or bicalutamide. Furthermore, cells resistant to flutamide or nilutamide were as susceptible as their parental counterparts to the inhibitory effects of DL3 on both PSA expression and cell growth. DL3 did not inhibit AR nuclear localization and the NH(2)- and COOH-terminal interaction of AR induced by DHT. These data show that DL3 is a novel inhibitor of the AR signaling axis and a potentially potent therapeutic agent for the management of advanced human prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Room 1308, 3125 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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