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Farzanegan Z, Tahmasbi M. Evaluating the applications and effectiveness of magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for cancer treatment: A systematic review. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 198:110873. [PMID: 37257266 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia as a new cancer treatment technology has been applied for some kinds of tumors. To review the different applications and effectiveness of this new cancer treatment technique, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were explored up to November 2022, using the following keywords combined in different ways: "Magnetic Nanoparticles Based Hyperthermia", "Magnetic Nanoparticles" AND "Hyperthermia" AND "Cancer". The obtained results were screened for the title and abstract and the relevant papers were reviewed for further details. Finally, 24 papers were included in the study. These papers have evaluated the application of magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for treating different cancers including breast, liver, prostate, pancreas, colon, brain, lung, and stem cell. Various nanoparticles including Iron Oxide (Fe2O3, Fe3O4), Dextran Spermine, Iron Chloride, Magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with Liposomes (MCLs), and Variable Molecular Weight Nanoparticles (VMWNPs) were used in different reviewed studies. The results of reviewed studies revealed that the nanoparticle-based hyperthermia technique as a new progressive modality can significantly improve treatment outcomes for some special cancers. Increasing life expectancy by up to 30% using Iron Oxide magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia for pancreatic cancer and increasing tumor ablation by about 33% for other cancers were reported in reviewed articles. However, further studies are required to extend this new treatment technique to other cancers and for providing more accurate information on nanoparticle-based hyperthermia's effectiveness as a complementary technique in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farzanegan
- Medical Physics and Radiotherapy Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Marziyeh Tahmasbi
- Radiologic Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Al Sariri T, Simitev RD, Penta R. Optimal heat transport induced by magnetic nanoparticle delivery in vascularised tumours. J Theor Biol 2023; 561:111372. [PMID: 36496186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel mathematical model for blood flow, delivery of nanoparticles, and heat transport in vascularised tumour tissue. The model, which is derived via the asymptotic homogenisation technique, provides a link between the macroscale behaviour of the system and its underlying, tortuous micro-structure, as parametrised in Penta and Ambrosi (2015). It consists of a double Darcy's law, coupled with a double advection-diffusion-reaction system describing heat transport, and an advection-diffusion-reaction equation for transport and adhesion of particles. Particles are assumed sufficiently large and do not extravasate to the tumour interstitial space but blood and heat can be exchanged between the two compartments. Numerical simulations of the model are performed using a finite element method to investigate cancer hyperthermia induced by the application of magnetic field applied to injected iron oxide nanoparticles. Since tumour microvasculature is more tortuous than that of healthy tissue and thus suboptimal in terms of fluid and drug transport, we study the influence of the vessels' geometry on tumour temperature. Effective and safe hyperthermia treatment requires tumour temperature within certain target range, generally estimated between 42 °C and 46 °C, for a certain target duration, typically 0.5h to 2h. As temperature is difficult to measure in situ, we use our model to determine the ranges of tortuosity of the microvessels, magnetic intensity, injection time, wall shear stress rate, and concentration of nanoparticles required to achieve given target conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Al Sariri
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh 123, Oman
| | - Radostin D Simitev
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Raimondo Penta
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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Role of HIKESHI on Hyperthermia for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer and Application of a Novel Magnetic Nanoparticle with Carbon Nanohorn for Magnetic Hyperthermia. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020626. [PMID: 36839948 PMCID: PMC9967786 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is technically scarce; therefore, a novel treatment for CRPC remains warranted. To this end, hyperthermia (HT) was investigated as an alternative therapy. In this study, the analysis focused on the association between CRPC and heat shock protein nuclear import factor "hikeshi (HIKESHI)", a factor of heat tolerance. Silencing the HIKESHI expression of 22Rv1 cells (human CRPC cell line) treated with siRNAs inhibited the translocation of heat shock protein 70 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus under heat shock and enhanced the effect of hyperthermia. Moreover, a novel magnetic nanoparticle was developed via binding carbon nanohorn (CNH) and iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) with 3-aminopropylsilyl (APS). Tumor-bearing model mice implanted with 22 Rv1 cells were examined to determine the effect of magnetic HT (mHT). We locally injected CNH-APS-IONP into the tumor, which was set under an alternative magnetic field and showed that tumor growth in the treatment group was significantly suppressed compared with other groups. This study suggests that HIKESHI silencing enhances the sensitivity of 22Rv1 cells to HT, and CNH-APTES-IONP deserves consideration for mHT.
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Bashir A, Khan S, Bashmal S, Iqbal N, Ullah S, Ali L. Designing Highly Efficient Temperature Controller for Nanoparticles Hyperthermia. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3539. [PMID: 36234672 PMCID: PMC9565335 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents various control system design techniques for temperature control of Magnetic Fluid hyperthermia. The purpose of this research is to design a cost-effective, efficient, and practically implementable temperature controller for Magnetic Fluid hyperthermia, which is presently under research as a substitute to the radiation and chemotherapy treatment of cancer. The principle of this phenomenon centers on the greater sensitivity of tumor cells to changes in temperature in comparison to healthy cells. Once the nanoparticles reach the desired tissue, it can then be placed in a varying magnetic field to dissipate the heat locally by raising the temperature to 45 °C in order to kill cancerous cells. One of the challenging tasks is to maintain the temperature strictly at desired point i.e., 45 °C. Temperature controller for magnetic fluid hyperthermia provides the tight control of temperature in order to avoid folding of proteins and save the tissues around the cancerous tissue from getting destroyed. In contrast with most of the existing research on this topic, which are based on linear control strategies or their improved versions, the novelty of this research lies in applying nonlinear control technique like Sliding Mode Control (SMC) to accurately control the temperature at desired value. A comparison of the control techniques is presented in this paper, based on reliability, robustness, precision and the ability of the controller to handle the non-linearities that are faced during the treatment of cancer. SMC showed promising results in terms of settling time and rise time. Steady state error was also reduced to zero using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Bashir
- Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Sikandar Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Bashmal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Iqbal
- Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Energy and Geo Processing, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Ullah
- K. A. CARE Energy Research & Innovation Center (ERIC), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liaqat Ali
- College of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Immunomodulation of Melanoma by Chemo-Thermo-Immunotherapy Using Conjugates of Melanogenesis Substrate NPrCAP and Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126457. [PMID: 35742905 PMCID: PMC9223671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A major advance in drug discovery and targeted therapy directed at cancer cells may be achieved by the exploitation and immunomodulation of their unique biological properties. This review summarizes our efforts to develop novel chemo-thermo-immunotherapy (CTI therapy) by conjugating a melanogenesis substrate, N-propionyl cysteaminylphenol (NPrCAP: amine analog of tyrosine), with magnetite nanoparticles (MNP). In our approach, NPrCAP provides a unique drug delivery system (DDS) because of its selective incorporation into melanoma cells. It also functions as a melanoma-targeted therapeutic drug because of its production of highly reactive free radicals (melanoma-targeted chemotherapy). Moreover, the utilization of MNP is a platform to develop thermo-immunotherapy because of heat shock protein (HSP) expression upon heat generation in MNP by exposure to an alternating magnetic field (AMF). This comprehensive review covers experimental in vivo and in vitro mouse melanoma models and preliminary clinical trials with a limited number of advanced melanoma patients. We also discuss the future directions of CTI therapy.
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Su CH, Soendoro A, Okayama S, Rahmania FJ, Nagai T, Imae T, Tsutsumiuchi K, Kawai N. Drug release stimulated by magnet and light on magnetite- and carbon dot-loaded carbon nanohorn. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20210436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hao Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Andree Soendoro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shinya Okayama
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Fitriani Jati Rahmania
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of nephron-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Toyoko Imae
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Keelung Road, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kaname Tsutsumiuchi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyasu Kawai
- Department of nephron-urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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Palzer J, Mues B, Goerg R, Aberle M, Rensen SS, Olde Damink SWM, Vaes RDW, Cramer T, Schmitz-Rode T, Neumann UP, Slabu I, Roeth AA. Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia as Treatment Option for Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Pancreatic Cancer Organoids. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2965-2981. [PMID: 33935496 PMCID: PMC8079353 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s288379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a cancer with a meager prognosis due to its chemotherapy resistance. A new treatment method may be magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). Magnetoliposomes (ML), consisting of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) stabilized with a phospholipid-bilayer, are exposed to an alternating magnetic field (AMF) to generate heat. To optimize this therapy, we investigated the effects of MFH on human PDAC cell lines and 3D organoid cultures. MATERIAL AND METHODS ML cytotoxicity was tested on Mia PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells and on PDAC 3D organoid cultures, generated from resected tissue of patients. The MFH was achieved by AMF application with an amplitude of 40-47 kA/m and a frequency of 270 kHz. The MFH effect on the cell viability of the cell lines and the organoid cultures was investigated at two different time points. Clonogenic assays evaluated the impairment of colony formation. Altering ML set-ups addressed differences arising from intra- vs extracellular ML locations. RESULTS Mia PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells showed no cytotoxic effects at ML concentrations up to 300 µg(Fe)/mL and 225 µg(Fe)/mL, respectively. ML at a concentration of 225 µg(Fe)/mL were also non-toxic for PDAC organoid cultures. MFH treatment using exclusively extracellular ML presented the highest impact on cell viability. Clonogenic assays demonstrated remarkable impairment as long-term outcome in MFH-treated PDAC cell lines. Additionally, we successfully treated PDAC organoids with extracellular ML-derived MFH, resulting in notably reduced cell viabilities 2h and 24 h post treatment. Still, PDAC organoids seem to partly recover from MFH after 24 h as opposed to conventional 2D-cultures. CONCLUSION Treatment with MFH strongly diminished pancreatic cancer cell viability in vitro, making it a promising treatment strategy. As organoids resemble the more advanced in vivo conditions better than conventional 2D cell lines, our organoid model holds great potential for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Palzer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Mues
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Richard Goerg
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Merel Aberle
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W M Olde Damink
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne D W Vaes
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Cramer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Schmitz-Rode
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf P Neumann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ioana Slabu
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute Aachen, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anjali A Roeth
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Rahban D, Doostan M, Salimi A. Cancer Therapy; Prospects for Application of Nanoparticles for Magnetic-Based Hyperthermia. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:507-521. [PMID: 32870068 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1817482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermic therapy is defined as increasing the temperature of tumor tissues to 40-43 °C that has been effective approach for destroying malignant cells in the field of cancer therapy. Recent line of research has applied different approaches along with hyperthermic treatment to obtain high efficiency and little side effects. Magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia has demonstrated an improved functionality in targeting malignant cells and implement their therapeutic role by heating the tumor cells. Here in this review article, we clarify the diverse aspects of magnetic nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariuosh Rahban
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Doostan
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Farzin A, Etesami SA, Quint J, Memic A, Tamayol A. Magnetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901058. [PMID: 32196144 PMCID: PMC7482193 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is urgency for the development of nanomaterials that can meet emerging biomedical needs. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) offer high magnetic moments and surface-area-to-volume ratios that make them attractive for hyperthermia therapy of cancer and targeted drug delivery. Additionally, they can function as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and can improve the sensitivity of biosensors and diagnostic tools. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have resulted in the realization of the next generation of MNPs suitable for these and other biomedical applications. This review discusses methods utilized for the fabrication and engineering of MNPs. Recent progress in the use of MNPs for hyperthermia therapy, controlling drug release, MRI, and biosensing is also critically reviewed. Finally, challenges in the field and potential opportunities for the use of MNPs toward improving their properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Farzin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
| | - S. Alireza Etesami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Memphis. Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jacob Quint
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Adnan Memic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Division of Engineering in Medicine Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
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Shrestha B, Tang L, Romero G. Nanoparticles‐Mediated Combination Therapies for Cancer Treatment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binita Shrestha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
| | - Gabriela Romero
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle San Antonio TX 78249 USA
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Seok HY, Sanoj Rejinold N, Lekshmi KM, Cherukula K, Park IK, Kim YC. CD44 targeting biocompatible and biodegradable hyaluronic acid cross-linked zein nanogels for curcumin delivery to cancer cells: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Control Release 2018; 280:20-30. [PMID: 29723613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed novel hyaluronic acid cross-linked zein nanogels (HA-Zein NGs) to deliver the potential anticancer agent curcumin (CRC), a naturally occurring phytochemical drug in cancer cells. In vitro studies showed that they are highly compatible with the tested cell lines. They showed CD44 specific uptake in CT26 cell line more than by the CD44 receptor pre-inhibited CT26 cells. The CRC encapsulated HA-Zein NGs (HA-Zein-CRC NGs) found to exert a specific toxicity against CT26 sparing healthy normal fibroblast cells in vitro. The apoptotic effects were further confirmed with flow cytometry showing that the HA-Zein-CRC NGs exhibited high anticancer activity against the CT26 cells. The in vivo bio-distribution with a CT26 tumor model showed their high tumor accumulation thereby improved antitumor efficacy with a low dosage of CRC, compared to the previous reports. Thus, the preclinical studies clearly showed that these novel HA-Zein NGs would be highly beneficial in encapsulating hydrophobic drugs with improved pharmacokinetics thereby enhancing the therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Yong Seok
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - N Sanoj Rejinold
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamali Manickavasagam Lekshmi
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Centre for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Kondareddy Cherukula
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Centre for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and BK21 PLUS Centre for Creative Biomedical Scientists, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Magnetic nanoformulations for prostate cancer. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1233-1241. [PMID: 28526660 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) play a vital role for improved imaging applications. Recently, a number of studies demonstrate MNPs can be applied for targeted delivery, sustained release of therapeutics, and hyperthermia. Based on stable particle size and shape, biocompatibility, and inherent contrast enhancement characteristics, MNPs have been encouraged for pre-clinical studies and human use. As a theranostic platform development, MNPs need to balance both delivery and imaging aspects. Thus, this review provides significant insight and advances in the theranostic role of MNPs through the documentation of unique magnetic nanoparticles used in prostate cancer, their interaction with prostate cancer cells, in vivo fate, targeting, and biodistribution. Specific and custom-made applications of various novel nanoformulations in prostate cancer are discussed.
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Kim KS, Lee SY. Nanoparticle-mediated radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia: A phantom study with magnetic resonance thermometry. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:831-9. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2015.1096968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kim KS, Hernandez D, Lee SY. Time-multiplexed two-channel capacitive radiofrequency hyperthermia with nanoparticle mediation. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:95. [PMID: 26499058 PMCID: PMC4619487 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capacitive radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia suffers from excessive temperature rise near the electrodes and poorly localized heat transfer to the deep-seated tumor region even though it is known to have potential to cure ill-conditioned tumors. To better localize heat transfer to the deep-seated target region in which electrical conductivity is elevated by nanoparticle mediation, two-channel capacitive RF heating has been tried on a phantom. METHODS We made a tissue-mimicking phantom consisting of two compartments, a tumor-tissue-mimicking insert against uniform background agarose. The tumor-tissue-mimicking insert was made to have higher electrical conductivity than the normal-tissue-mimicking background by applying magnetic nanoparticle suspension to the insert. Two electrode pairs were attached on the phantom surface by equal-angle separation to apply RF electric field to the phantom. To better localize heat transfer to the tumor-tissue-mimicking insert, RF power with a frequency of 26 MHz was delivered to the two channels in a time-multiplexed way. To monitor the temperature rise inside the phantom, MR thermometry was performed at a 3T MRI intermittently during the RF heating. Finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) electromagnetic and thermal simulations on the phantom model were also performed to verify the experimental results. RESULTS As compared to the one-channel RF heating, the two-channel RF heating with time-multiplexed driving improved the spatial localization of heat transfer to the tumor-tissue-mimicking region in both the simulation and experiment. The two-channel RF heating also reduced the temperature rise near the electrodes significantly. CONCLUSIONS Time-multiplexed two-channel capacitive RF heating has the capability to better localize heat transfer to the nanoparticle-mediated tumor region which has higher electrical conductivity than the background normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi, 446-701, Korea.
| | - Daniel Hernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi, 446-701, Korea.
| | - Soo Yeol Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi, 446-701, Korea.
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Lim EK, Kim T, Paik S, Haam S, Huh YM, Lee K. Nanomaterials for Theranostics: Recent Advances and Future Challenges. Chem Rev 2014; 115:327-94. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300213b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 916] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Lim
- Department
of Radiology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
- BioNanotechnology
Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Taekhoon Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
- Electronic
Materials Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Mt. 14-1,
Nongseo-Ri, Giheung-Eup, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 449-712, Korea
| | - Soonmyung Paik
- Severance
Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-749, Korea
- Division
of Pathology, NSABP Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15212, United States
| | - Seungjoo Haam
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department
of Radiology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Kawai N, Kobayashi D, Yasui T, Umemoto Y, Mizuno K, Okada A, Tozawa K, Kobayashi T, Kohri K. Evaluation of side effects of radiofrequency capacitive hyperthermia with magnetite on the blood vessel walls of tumor metastatic lesion surrounding the abdominal large vessels: an agar phantom study. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:15. [PMID: 25114787 PMCID: PMC4128615 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetite used in an 8-MHz radiofrequency (RF) capacitive heating device can increase the temperature of a specific site up to 45°C. When treating a metastatic lesion around large abdominal vessels via hyperthermia with magnetite, heating-induced adverse effects on these vessels need to be considered. Therefore, this study examined hyperthermia-induced damage to blood vessel walls in vitro. METHODS A large agar phantom with a circulatory system consisting of a swine artery and vein connected to a peristaltic pump was prepared. The blood vessels were placed on the magnetite-containing agar piece. Heating was continued for 30 min at 45°C. After heating, a histological study for injury to the blood vessels was performed. RESULTS The inner membrane temperature did not reach 45°C due to the cooling effect of the blood flow. In the heated vessels, vascular wall collagen degenerated and smooth muscle cells were narrowed; however, no serious changes were noted in the vascular endothelial cells or vascular wall elastic fibers. The heated vessel wall was not severely damaged; this was attributed to cooling by the blood flow. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that RF capacitive heating therapy with magnetite may be used for metastatic lesions without injuring the surrounding large abdominal vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Kawai
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Daichi Kobayashi
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Umemoto
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kentaro Mizuno
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tozawa
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Kohri
- Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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17
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Salvador-Morales C, Gao W, Ghatalia P, Murshed F, Aizu W, Langer R, Farokhzad OC. Multifunctional nanoparticles for prostate cancer therapy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:211-21. [DOI: 10.1586/14737140.9.2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Grottone GT, Loureiro RR, Covre J, Rodrigues EB, Gomes JÁP. ARPE-19 cell uptake of small and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide. Curr Eye Res 2013; 39:403-10. [PMID: 24063421 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.845228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the cytotoxicity, cellular intake and magnetic field interaction of three superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) and one ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles on ARPE-19 cells. METHODS Two FDA-approved SPIO nanoparticles (Endorem and Lumirem), one commercial SPIO(FluidMag-L) and one FDA-approved USPIO (Feraheme) were tested. Nanoparticle suspensions were diluted and prepared in high- (1000 Fe-ug/ml) and low- (100 Fe-ug/ml) dose suspensions. ARPE-19 cells were incubated in four 24-well plates and the medium changed every other day until cells attained 80% confluence. Nanoparticle cytotoxicity was evaluated using the XTT cytotoxicity assay. Cellular attraction was tested after digestion of the cells in collagenase A (1 mg/ml) overnight. A 3500 Gauss neodymium magnet was used to attract cells to the well walls. ARPE-19 cell ultrastructure was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the specific locations of nanoparticles within the cell membranes. RESULTS Cytotoxicity assessment by the XTT assay revealed that ARPE-19 cells that were exposed to either concentration of Endorem, FLuidMag-L, Feraheme non-conjugated with protamine and heparin or Lumirem demonstrated no statistically significant toxicity. Cells exposed to Feraheme when conjugated with protamine and heparin presented severe toxicity in both concentrations. When a magnetic field was applied, all nanoparticle-containing samples, except Feraheme non-conjugated form, were promptly attracted. TEM and prussian blue staining examination revealed that Feraheme alone was not initially capable of cellular uptake. This issue was solved by conjugating Feraheme with protamine and heparin (although cytotoxicity was found on those samples). Endorem, FLuidMag-L, Feraheme conjugated form were found within the cytoplasm of ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSIONS Ferahame when conjugated with protamine and heparin was cytotoxic at the higher and lower doses, as revealed by the XTT assay. Endorem and FluidMag-L were not toxic at the studied concentrations. Feraheme non-conjugated solutions and Lumirem solutions provided were harmless but were not internalized by ARPE-19 cells. All the studied nanoparticles were attracted to the magnetic field except Feraheme in the non-conjugated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Teixeira Grottone
- Department of Ophthalmology/Caso Laboratory, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
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19
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Kobayashi D, Kawai N, Sato S, Naiki T, Yamada K, Yasui T, Tozawa K, Kobayashi T, Takahashi S, Kohri K. Thermotherapy using magnetic cationic liposomes powerfully suppresses prostate cancer bone metastasis in a novel rat model. Prostate 2013; 73:913-22. [PMID: 23334935 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone metastasis is a serious problem for individuals with prostate cancer, and the effects of the anticancer drug docetaxel (DTX) are insufficient. We therefore examined the therapeutic potential of magnetic cationic liposomes (MCL) in a novel rat model that allows the evaluation of tumor immunity. The effects of MCL thermotherapy were compared with those of DTX as a conventional therapy for the treatment of bone metastatic prostate cancer. METHODS Prostate tumor tissues were transplanted into the femurs of model rats divided into four groups: control, MCL, DTX, and MCL + DTX. Tumors were injected with MCL, and alternating magnetic field (AMF) irradiation was performed three times a week. Tumor proliferation and bone destruction were evaluated by proliferating cell nuclear antigen positivity, computed tomography, and CD68-positive cell number, while tumor immunity was evaluated by heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression and CD8-positive lymphocyte number. RESULTS We successfully established a novel femur metastasis model of prostate cancer, and demonstrated that tumor proliferation and bone destruction in the MCL and MCL + DTX groups were significantly suppressed compared with control and DTX groups. MCL thermotherapy concurrently induced necrosis and apoptosis. The expression of HSP70 in the MCL and MCL + DTX groups was also significantly increased, and tumor immunity was enhanced through the induction of CD8-positive lymphocytes. CONCLUSION MCL thermotherapy was clearly more effective than DTX in treating bone metastatic prostate cancer. A combination of MCL thermotherapy and DTX therefore deserves consideration as a novel treatment for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Kobayashi
- Department of Nephro-Urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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20
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Tada Y, Yano N, Takahashi H, Yuzawa K, Ando H, Kubo Y, Nagasawa A, Ogata A, Nakae D. Acute phase pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray instillation of magnetite (fe(3)o(4)) nanoparticles in Fischer 344 rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2012; 25:233-9. [PMID: 23345925 PMCID: PMC3517918 DOI: 10.1293/tox.25.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron nanomaterials are of considerable interest for application to nanotechnology-related fields including environmental catalysis, biomedical imaging, drug delivery and hyperthermia, because of their superparamagnetic characteristics and high catalytic abilities. However, information about potential risks of iron nanomaterials is limited. The present study assessed pulmonary responses to a single intratracheal spray instillation of triiron tetraoxide nanoparticles (magnetite) in rats. Ten-week-old male and female Fischer 344 rats (n=5/group) were exposed to a single intratracheal spray instillation of 0 (vehicle), 5.0, 15.0 or 45.0 mg/kg body weight (BW) of magnetite. After 14 days, the rats were sacrificed, and biological consequences were investigated. The lung weights of the 15.0 and 45.0 mg/kg BW male and female groups were significantly higher than those of the control groups. The lungs of treated rats showed enlargement and black patches originating from the color of magnetite. The typical histopathological changes in the lungs of the treated rats included infiltration of macrophages phagocytosing magnetite, inflammatory cell infiltration, granuloma formation and an increase of goblet cells in the bronchial epithelium. The results clearly show that instilled magnetite causes foreign body inflammatory and granulating lesions in the lung. These pulmonary responses occur in a dose-dependent manner in association with the increase in lung weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Tada
- Departments of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0073, Japan
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21
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Wang X, Chen Y, Huang C, Wang X, Zhao L, Zhang X, Tang J. Contribution of a 300 kHz alternating magnetic field on magnetic hyperthermia treatment of HepG2 cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2012; 34:95-103. [PMID: 23059525 DOI: 10.1002/bem.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the relative contributions of temperature and a 300 kHz alternating magnetic field (AMF) on magnetic hyperthermia treatment (MHT). Our system consisted of an induction coil, which generated AMF by electric current flow, and a newly developed, temperature-controlled circulating water-jacketed glass bottle placed inside the coil. The AMF generator operated at a frequency of 300 kHz with variable field strength ranging from 0 to 11 mT. Four treatment conditions were employed: (A) control (37 °C, 0 mT), (B) AMF exposure (37 °C, 11 mT), (C) hyperthermia (46 °C, 0 mT), and (D) hyperthermia plus AMF exposure (46 °C, 11 mT) for 30 min. Cell viability and apoptotic death rate were estimated. The relative contributions or interactions of hyperthermia (46 °C) and AMF (11 mT) on MHT were evaluated using 2 × 2 factorial experiment analysis. Group A was statistically different (P < 0.05) from each of the other treatments. The observed effects on both cell viability and apoptotic cell death were influenced by temperature (97.36% and 92.15%, respectively), AMF (1.78% and 4.99%, respectively), and the interactions between temperature and AMF (0.25% and 2.36%, respectively). Thus, the effect of hyperthermia was significant. Also, AMF exposure itself might play a role in MHT, although these observations were made in vitro. These findings suggest a possible presence of an AMF effect during clinical magnetic hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disorders, Yuquan Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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22
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Wadajkar AS, Kadapure T, Zhang Y, Cui W, Nguyen KT, Yang J. Dual-imaging enabled cancer-targeting nanoparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:450-6. [PMID: 23061030 PMCID: PMC3466609 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of dual-imaging enabled cancer-targeting nanoparticles (DICT-NPs) is reported based on newly developed biodegradable photoluminescent polymers and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. DICT-NPs possess capabilities of dual-imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging), magnetic targeting, and potentially selective targeting for cancer cells. The development of DICT-NPs address the concerns in dual-imaging nanoparticles where photobleaching organic dyes and cytotoxic quantum dots are usually adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket S. Wadajkar
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Tejaswi Kadapure
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Weina Cui
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Kytai T. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, 500 UTA Boulevard, Arlington 76019, TX, USA. Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas 75390, TX, USA
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23
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Alphandéry E, Guyot F, Chebbi I. Preparation of chains of magnetosomes, isolated from Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 magnetotactic bacteria, yielding efficient treatment of tumors using magnetic hyperthermia. Int J Pharm 2012; 434:444-52. [PMID: 22698862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chains of magnetosomes isolated from Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1 magnetotactic bacteria by sonication at 30 W during 2 h are tested for magnetic hyperthermia treatment of tumors. These chains are composed of magnetosomes, which are bound to each other by a filament made of proteins. When they are incubated in the presence of cancer cells and exposed to an alternating magnetic field of frequency 198 kHz and average magnetic field strength of 20 or 30 mT, they produce efficient inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. This behavior is explained by a high cellular internalization, a good stability in solution and a homogenous distribution of the magnetosome chains, which enables efficient heating. When the chains are heated during 5 h at 90°C in the presence of 1% SDS, the filament binding the magnetosomes together is denatured and individual magnetosomes are obtained. By contrast to the chains of magnetosomes, the individual magnetosomes are prone to aggregation, are not stable in solution and do not produce efficient inhibition of cancer cell proliferation under application of an alternating magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UMR CNRS 7590, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
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24
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Basel MT, Balivada S, Wang H, Shrestha TB, Seo GM, Pyle M, Abayaweera G, Dani R, Koper OB, Tamura M, Chikan V, Bossmann SH, Troyer DL. Cell-delivered magnetic nanoparticles caused hyperthermia-mediated increased survival in a murine pancreatic cancer model. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:297-306. [PMID: 22287840 PMCID: PMC3265998 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using magnetic nanoparticles to absorb alternating magnetic field energy as a method of generating localized hyperthermia has been shown to be a potential cancer treatment. This report demonstrates a system that uses tumor homing cells to actively carry iron/iron oxide nanoparticles into tumor tissue for alternating magnetic field treatment. Paramagnetic iron/ iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and loaded into RAW264.7 cells (mouse monocyte/ macrophage-like cells), which have been shown to be tumor homing cells. A murine model of disseminated peritoneal pancreatic cancer was then generated by intraperitoneal injection of Pan02 cells. After tumor development, monocyte/macrophage-like cells loaded with iron/ iron oxide nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally and allowed to migrate into the tumor. Three days after injection, mice were exposed to an alternating magnetic field for 20 minutes to cause the cell-delivered nanoparticles to generate heat. This treatment regimen was repeated three times. A survival study demonstrated that this system can significantly increase survival in a murine pancreatic cancer model, with an average post-tumor insertion life expectancy increase of 31%. This system has the potential to become a useful method for specifically and actively delivering nanoparticles for local hyperthermia treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Basel
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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25
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Basel MT, Balivada S, Wang H, Shrestha TB, Seo GM, Pyle M, Abayaweera G, Dani R, Koper OB, Tamura M, Chikan V, Bossmann SH, Troyer DL. Cell-delivered magnetic nanoparticles caused hyperthermia-mediated increased survival in a murine pancreatic cancer model. Int J Nanomedicine 2012. [PMID: 22287840 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28344.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Using magnetic nanoparticles to absorb alternating magnetic field energy as a method of generating localized hyperthermia has been shown to be a potential cancer treatment. This report demonstrates a system that uses tumor homing cells to actively carry iron/iron oxide nanoparticles into tumor tissue for alternating magnetic field treatment. Paramagnetic iron/ iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and loaded into RAW264.7 cells (mouse monocyte/ macrophage-like cells), which have been shown to be tumor homing cells. A murine model of disseminated peritoneal pancreatic cancer was then generated by intraperitoneal injection of Pan02 cells. After tumor development, monocyte/macrophage-like cells loaded with iron/ iron oxide nanoparticles were injected intraperitoneally and allowed to migrate into the tumor. Three days after injection, mice were exposed to an alternating magnetic field for 20 minutes to cause the cell-delivered nanoparticles to generate heat. This treatment regimen was repeated three times. A survival study demonstrated that this system can significantly increase survival in a murine pancreatic cancer model, with an average post-tumor insertion life expectancy increase of 31%. This system has the potential to become a useful method for specifically and actively delivering nanoparticles for local hyperthermia treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Basel
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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26
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Alphandéry E, Faure S, Seksek O, Guyot F, Chebbi I. Chains of magnetosomes extracted from AMB-1 magnetotactic bacteria for application in alternative magnetic field cancer therapy. ACS NANO 2011; 5:6279-96. [PMID: 21732678 DOI: 10.1021/nn201290k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chains of magnetosomes extracted from AMB-1 magnetotactic bacteria are shown to be highly efficient for cancer therapy when they are exposed to an alternative magnetic field. When a suspension containing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells was incubated in the presence of various amounts of extracted chains of magnetosomes, the viability of these cells remained high in the absence of an alternative magnetic field. By contrast, when this suspension was exposed to an alternative magnetic field of frequency 183 kHz and field strengths of 20, 40, or 60 mT, up to 100% of these cells were destroyed. The antitumoral activity of the extracted chains of magnetosomes is demonstrated further by showing that they can be used to fully eradicate a tumor xenografted under the skin of a mouse. For that, a suspension containing ∼1 mg of extracted chains of magnetosomes was administered within the tumor and the mouse was exposed to three heat cycles of 20 min, during which the tumor temperature was raised to ∼43 °C. We also demonstrate the higher efficiency of the extracted chains of magnetosomes compared with various other materials, i.e., whole inactive magnetotactic bacteria, individual magnetosomes not organized in chains, and two different types of chemically synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles currently tested for alternative magnetic field cancer therapy. The higher efficiency of the extracted chains of magnetosomes compared with that of the other nanoparticles is attributed to three factors: (i) a specific absorption rate higher for the magnetosomes than for the chemically synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, (ii) a more uniform heating for the chains of magnetosomes than for the individual magnetosomes and (iii) the ability of the chains of magnetosomes to penetrate within the cancer cells or bind at the cell membrane following the application of the alternative magnetic field, which enables efficient cell destruction. Biodistribution studies revealed that extracted chains of magnetosomes administered directly within xenografted breast tumors progressively left the tumors during the 14 days following their administration and were then eliminated in large proportion in the feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France.
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Kumar CSSR, Mohammad F. Magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:789-808. [PMID: 21447363 PMCID: PMC3138885 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 777] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous attempts to review the literature on magnetic nanomaterials for hyperthermia-based therapy focused primarily on magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) using mono metallic/metal oxide nanoparticles. The term "hyperthermia" in the literature was also confined only to include use of heat for therapeutic applications. Recently, there have been a number of publications demonstrating magnetic nanoparticle-based hyperthermia to generate local heat resulting in the release of drugs either bound to the magnetic nanoparticle or encapsulated within polymeric matrices. In this review article, we present a case for broadening the meaning of the term "hyperthermia" by including thermotherapy as well as magnetically modulated controlled drug delivery. We provide a classification for controlled drug delivery using hyperthermia: Hyperthermia-based controlled drug delivery through bond breaking (DBB) and hyperthermia-based controlled drug delivery through enhanced permeability (DEP). The review also covers, for the first time, core-shell type magnetic nanomaterials, especially nanoshells prepared using layer-by-layer self-assembly, for the application of hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug delivery. The highlight of the review article is to portray potential opportunities for the combination of hyperthermia-based therapy and controlled drug release paradigms--towards successful application in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Challa S S R Kumar
- Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices, Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA.
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Rodríguez-Luccioni HL, Latorre-Esteves M, Méndez-Vega J, Soto O, Rodríguez AR, Rinaldi C, Torres-Lugo M. Enhanced reduction in cell viability by hyperthermia induced by magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:373-80. [PMID: 21499427 PMCID: PMC3075903 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal suspensions of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles are known to dissipate energy when exposed to an oscillating magnetic field. Such energy dissipation can be employed to locally raise temperature inside a tumor between 41°C and 45°C (hyperthermia) to promote cell death, a treatment known as magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH). This work seeks to quantify differences between MFH and hot-water hyperthermia (HWH) in terms of reduction in cell viability using two cancer cell culture models, Caco-2 (human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer). Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized via the co-precipitation method and functionalized with adsorbed carboxymethyl dextran. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that in the absence of an oscillating magnetic field, cell viability was not affected at concentrations of up to 0.6 mg iron oxide/mL. MFH resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability when exposed to a magnetic field for 120 minutes and allowed to rest for 48 hours, compared with similar field applications, but with shorter resting time. The results presented here suggest that MFH most likely induces apoptosis in both cell types. When compared with HWH, MFH produced a significant reduction in cell viability, and these effects appear to be cell-type related.
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Krishnan S, Diagaradjane P, Cho S. Nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapy: evolving strategies for prostate cancer therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2010; 26:775-89. [PMID: 20858069 PMCID: PMC3071560 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2010.485593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent advances in nanotechnology have resulted in the manufacture of a plethora of nanoparticles of different sizes, shapes, core physicochemical properties and surface modifications that are being investigated for potential medical applications, particularly for the treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the therapeutic use of customised gold nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes that efficiently generate heat upon electromagnetic (light and magnetic fields) stimulation after direct injection into tumours or preferential accumulation in tumours following systemic administration. This review will also focus on the evolving strategies to improve the therapeutic index of prostate cancer treatment using nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia. CONCLUSIONS Nanoparticle-mediated thermal therapy is a new and minimally invasive tool in the armamentarium for the treatment of cancers. Unique challenges posed by this form of hyperthermia include the non-target biodistribution of nanoparticles in the reticuloendothelial system when administered systemically, the inability to visualise or quantify the global concentration and spatial distribution of these particles within tumours, the lack of standardised thermal modelling and dosimetry algorithms, and the concerns regarding their biocompatibility. Nevertheless, novel particle compositions, geometries, activation strategies, targeting techniques, payload delivery strategies, and radiation dose enhancement concepts are unique attributes of this form of hyperthermia that warrant further exploration. Capitalising on these opportunities and overcoming these challenges offers the possibility of seamless and logical translation of this nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia paradigm from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Krishnan
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Parmeswaran Diagaradjane
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sang Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Tech, Atlanta, Georgia
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31
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Akiyama H, Ito A, Kawabe Y, Kamihira M. Genetically engineered angiogenic cell sheets using magnetic force-based gene delivery and tissue fabrication techniques. Biomaterials 2010; 31:1251-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mohammad F, Balaji G, Weber A, Uppu RM, Kumar CSSR. Influence of Gold Nanoshell on Hyperthermia of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2010; 114:19194-19201. [PMID: 21103390 PMCID: PMC2987684 DOI: 10.1021/jp105807r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoshell around super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) was synthesized and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis suggests a gold coating of approximately 0.4 to 0.5 nm thickness. On application of low frequency oscillating magnetic fields (44 - 430 Hz), a four- to five-fold increase in the amount of heat released with gold-coated SPIONs (6.3 nm size) in comparison with SPIONs (5.4 nm size) was observed. Details of the influence of frequencies of oscillating magnetic field, concentration and solvent on heat generation are presented. We also show that, in the absence of oscillating magnetic field, both SPIONs and SPIONs@Au are not particularly cytotoxic to mammalian cells (MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells and H9c2 cardiomyoblasts) in culture, as indicated by the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium by viable cells in a phenazine methosulfate-assisted reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruq Mohammad
- Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices, Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70806. USA
- Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - Gopalan Balaji
- Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices, Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70806. USA
| | - Andrew Weber
- Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices, Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70806. USA
| | - Rao M. Uppu
- Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
| | - Challa S. S. R. Kumar
- Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices, Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70806. USA
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Krukemeyer MG, Wagner W, Jakobs M, Krenn V. Tumor regression by means of magnetic drug targeting. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:875-82. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.09.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression ‘magnetic drug targeting’ is understood as meaning the targeted administration of a drug, for example, a cytostatic, with the intention of optimizing the local therapeutic effect. A magnetic field strength of 0.6 T is applied externally to the body. Iron oxides are administered intravasally into a vein. Cytostatics are bonded to the iron oxides. This form of administration, also known as sluicing, is particularly suitable for cytostatics, since the intention is to achieve a high concentration of the cytostatic at the target site (site of the tumor), but to minimize the harmful effect in the rest of the tissue. A reduction in tumor volume under the magnetic field and in the liver of 45–90% has been detected by MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- MG Krukemeyer
- Ärztlicher Direktor der Paracelsus-Klinik Osnabrück, Leiter der Abteilung Strahlenklinik, Abteilung Strahlentherapie, Sedanstr. 109, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - W Wagner
- Ärztlicher Direktor der Paracelsus-Klinik Osnabrück, Leiter der Abteilung Strahlenklinik, Abteilung Strahlentherapie, Sedanstr. 109, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - M Jakobs
- Zentrum für Histologie, Zytologie & Molekulare Diagnostik, Wissenschaftspark Trier, Max-Planck-Str. 18 + 20, D-54296 Trier, Germany
| | - V Krenn
- Zentrum für Histologie, Zytologie & Molekulare Diagnostik, Wissenschaftspark Trier, Max-Planck-Str. 18 + 20, D-54296 Trier, Germany
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Abstract
Nanomedicine is a new distinct scientific discipline that explores applications of nanoscale materials for various biomedical applications. Translational nanomedicine is undergoing rapid transition from development and evaluation in laboratory animals to clinical practices. In the future, it is anticipated that nanotechnology can provide urologists a new point of view to understand the mechanism of disease, tools for early diagnosis of the disease, and effective modality for treatment. This article summarizes some of the emerging applications of nanomedicine in urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Corchero JL, Villaverde A. Biomedical applications of distally controlled magnetic nanoparticles. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:468-76. [PMID: 19564057 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nano-sized magnetic particles are increasingly being used across a wide spectrum of biomedical fields. Upon functionalization to enable specific binding, magnetic particles and their targets can be conveniently positioned in vitro and in vivo by the distal application of magnetic fields. Furthermore, such particles can be magnetically heated after reaching their in vivo targets, thus inducing localized cell death that has a considerable therapeutic value in, for instance, cancer therapy. In this context, innovative biomedical research has produced novel applications that have exciting clinical potential. Such applications include magnetically enhanced transfection, magnetically assisted gene therapy, magnetically induced hyperthermia and magnetic-force-based tissue engineering, and the principles and utilities of these applications will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Corchero
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08196 Barcelona, Spain
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36
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Soenen SJH, Hodenius M, De Cuyper M. Magnetoliposomes: versatile innovative nanocolloids for use in biotechnology and biomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:177-91. [PMID: 19193184 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.4.2.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The high biocompatibility and versatile nature of liposomes have made these particles keystone components in many hot-topic biomedical research areas. Liposomes can be combined with a large variety of nanomaterials, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocores. Because the unique features of both the magnetizable colloid and the versatile lipid bilayer can be joined, the resulting so-called magnetoliposomes can be exploited in a great array of biotechnological and biomedical applications. In this article, we highlight the use of magnetoliposomes in immobilizing enzymes, both water-soluble and hydrophobic ones, as well as their potential in several biomedical applications, including MRI, hyperthermia cancer treatment and drug delivery. The goal of this article is not to list all known uses of magnetoliposomes but rather to present some conspicuous applications in comparison to other currently used nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefaan J H Soenen
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre, Laboratory of BioNanoColloids, KU Leuven-Campus Kortrijk, E Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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Villemejane J, Mir LM. Physical methods of nucleic acid transfer: general concepts and applications. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:207-19. [PMID: 19154421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical methods of gene (and/or drug) transfer need to combine two effects to deliver the therapeutic material into cells. The physical methods must induce reversible alterations in the plasma membrane to allow the direct passage of the molecules of interest into the cell cytosol. They must also bring the nucleic acids in contact with the permeabilized plasma membrane or facilitate access to the inside of the cell. These two effects can be achieved in one or more steps, depending upon the methods employed. In this review, we describe and compare several physical methods: biolistics, jet injection, hydrodynamic injection, ultrasound, magnetic field and electric pulse mediated gene transfer. We describe the physical mechanisms underlying these approaches and discuss the advantages and limitations of each approach as well as its potential application in research or in preclinical and clinical trials. We also provide conclusions, comparisons, and projections for future developments. While some of these methods are already in use in man, some are still under development or are used only within clinical trials for gene transfer. The possibilities offered by these methods are, however, not restricted to the transfer of genes and the complementary uses of these technologies are also discussed. As these methods of gene transfer may bypass some of the side effects linked to viral or biochemical approaches, they may find their place in specific clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Villemejane
- CNRS, UMR 8121, Institut Gustave Roussy PR2, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif Cedex, France
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Gazeau F, Lévy M, Wilhelm C. Optimizing magnetic nanoparticle design for nanothermotherapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2008; 3:831-44. [PMID: 19025457 DOI: 10.2217/17435889.3.6.831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current developments in nanotechnology offer new tools to the design of nanometric heat-generating ‘foci’ that can be activated remotely by an external alternating magnetic field. These nanometric heat sources may serve for therapeutic hyperthermia alone or combined with other therapeutic modalities, such as drug delivery or gene therapy. Activable therapeutic tools at the nanoscale fulfill the requirements of future medicine in terms of spatial targeting and temporal control of therapy. The present review discusses fundamental aspects regarding the design of magnetic nanoparticles with optimized properties, by unraveling physical mechanisms that govern heating power in biological media. Towards therapy, achievements and promises of magnetic nanoparticles for cancer-localized hyperthermia, targeting strategies and multivalent functionalities are exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gazeau
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot Bâtiment Condorcet - Case 7056, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Michael Lévy
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot Bâtiment Condorcet - Case 7056, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Claire Wilhelm
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), UMR 7057 CNRS - Université Paris Diderot Bâtiment Condorcet - Case 7056, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
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