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Ito Y, Furuya F, Taki K, Suzuki H, Shimura H. NKX2-1 re-expression induces cell death through apoptosis and necrosis in dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259558. [PMID: 34748583 PMCID: PMC8575255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) is a thyroid transcription factor essential for proper thyroid formation and maintaining its physiological function. In thyroid cancer, NKX2-1 expression decreases in parallel with declined differentiation. However, the molecular pathways and mechanisms connecting NKX2-1 to thyroid cancer phenotypes are largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of NKX2-1 re-expression on dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cell death and explore the underlying mechanisms. A human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line lacking NKX2-1 expression was infected with an adenoviral vector containing Nkx2-1. Cell viability decreased after Nkx2-1 transduction and apoptosis and necrosis were detected. Arginase 2 (ARG2), regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4), and RGS5 mRNA expression was greatly increased in Nkx2-1-transducted cells. After suppressing these genes by siRNA, cell death, apoptosis, and necrosis decreased in RGS4 knockdown cells. These findings demonstrated that cell death was induced via apoptosis and necrosis by NKX2-1 re-expression and involves RGS4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ito
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Furuya
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Katsumi Taki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fujiyoshida Municipal Medical Center, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima, Japan
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2
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L-Citrulline: A Non-Essential Amino Acid with Important Roles in Human Health. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11073293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
L-Arginine (Arg) has been widely used due to its functional properties as a substrate for nitric oxide (NO) generation. However, L-citrulline (CIT), whose main natural source is watermelon, is a non-essential amino acid but which has important health potential. This review provides a comprehensive approach to different studies of the endogenous synthesis of CIT, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics as well as its ergogenic effect in exercise performance. The novel aspect of this paper focuses on the different effects of CIT, citrulline malate and CIT from natural sources such as watermelon on several topics, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, erectile dysfunction, cancer, and exercise performance. CIT from watermelon could be a natural food-sourced substitute for pharmacological products and therefore the consumption of this fruit is promoted.
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3
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Sahoo D, Wei W, Auman H, Hurtado-Coll A, Carroll PR, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Lin DW, Nelson PS, Simko J, Thompson IM, Leach RJ, Troyer DA, True LD, McKenney JK, Feng Z, Brooks JD. Boolean analysis identifies CD38 as a biomarker of aggressive localized prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:6550-6561. [PMID: 29464091 PMCID: PMC5814231 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The introduction of serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing nearly 30 years ago has been associated with a significant shift towards localized disease and decreased deaths due to prostate cancer. Recognition that PSA testing has caused over diagnosis and over treatment of prostate cancer has generated considerable controversy over its value, and has spurred efforts to identify prognostic biomarkers to distinguish patients who need treatment from those that can be observed. Recent studies show that cancer is heterogeneous and forms a hierarchy of tumor cell populations. We developed a method of identifying prostate cancer differentiation states related to androgen signaling using Boolean logic. Using gene expression data, we identified two markers, CD38 and ARG2, that group prostate cancer into three differentiation states. Cancers with CD38-, ARG2- expression patterns, corresponding to an undifferentiated state, had significantly lower 10-year recurrence-free survival compared to the most differentiated group (CD38+ARG2+). We carried out immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for these two markers in a single institution (Stanford; n = 234) and multi-institution (Canary; n = 1326) cohorts. IHC staining for CD38 and ARG2 in the Stanford cohort demonstrated that combined expression of CD38 and ARG2 was prognostic. In the Canary cohort, low CD38 protein expression by IHC was significantly associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS), seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), extra-capsular extension (ECE) in univariable analysis. In multivariable analysis, ARG2 and CD38 IHC staining results were not independently associated with RFS, overall survival, or disease-specific survival after adjusting for other factors including SVI, ECE, Gleason score, pre-operative PSA, and surgical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- The Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Auman
- Canary Foundation, Canary Center at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Hurtado-Coll
- The Prostate Center at Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter R Carroll
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ladan Fazli
- The Prostate Center at Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- The Prostate Center at Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel W Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeff Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ian M Thompson
- CHRISTUS Medical Center Hospital, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robin J Leach
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Dean A Troyer
- Eastern Virginia Medical School, Pathology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Ziding Feng
- The Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James D Brooks
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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4
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Qi C, Bin Li, Yang Y, Yang Y, Li J, Zhou Q, Wen Y, Zeng C, Zheng L, Zhang Q, Li J, He X, Zhou J, Shao C, Wang L. Glipizide suppresses prostate cancer progression in the TRAMP model by inhibiting angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27819. [PMID: 27292155 PMCID: PMC4904209 DOI: 10.1038/srep27819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repurposing of non-cancer drugs represents an attractive approach to develop new cancer therapy. Using the TRAMP transgenic mouse model, glipizide, a widely used drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus, has been identified to suppress prostate cancer (PC) growth and metastasis. Angiogenesis is intimately associated with various human cancer developments. Intriguingly, glipizide significantly reduces microvessel density in PC tumor tissues, while not inhibiting prostate cancer cell proliferation from the MTT assay and flow cytometry investigation. Moreover, glipizide inhibits the tubular structure formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by regulating the HMGIY/Angiopoietin-1 signaling pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrate that glipizide has the potential to be repurposed as an effective therapeutic for the treatment of PC by targeting tumor-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiling Qi
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yongxia Yang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yinxin Wen
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Cuiling Zeng
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiangchao Li
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong He
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pathology, the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Chunkui Shao
- Chemical Biology Program, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Lijing Wang
- Vascular Biology Research Institute, School of Basic Course, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Kuo L, Hein TW. Vasomotor regulation of coronary microcirculation by oxidative stress: role of arginase. Front Immunol 2013; 4:237. [PMID: 23966996 PMCID: PMC3746455 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Overproduction of reactive oxygen species, i.e., oxidative stress, is associated with the activation of redox signaling pathways linking to inflammatory insults and cardiovascular diseases by impairing endothelial function and consequently blood flow dysregulation due to microvascular dysfunction. This review focuses on the regulation of vasomotor function in the coronary microcirculation by endothelial nitric oxide (NO) during oxidative stress and inflammation related to the activation of L-arginine consuming enzyme arginase. Superoxide produced in the vascular wall compromises vasomotor function by not only scavenging endothelium-derived NO but also inhibiting prostacyclin synthesis due to formation of peroxynitrite. The upregulation of arginase contributes to the deficiency of endothelial NO and microvascular dysfunction in various vascular diseases by initiating or following oxidative stress and inflammation. Hydrogen peroxide, a diffusible and stable oxidizing agent, exerts vasodilator function and plays important roles in the physiological regulation of coronary blood flow. In occlusive coronary ischemia, the release of hydrogen peroxide from the microvasculature helps to restore vasomotor function of coronary collateral microvessels with exercise training. However, excessive production and prolonged exposure of microvessels to hydrogen peroxide impairs NO-mediated endothelial function by reducing L-arginine availability through hydroxyl radical-dependent upregulation of arginase. The redox signaling can be a double-edged sword in the microcirculation, which helps tissue survival in one way by improving vasomotor regulation and elicits oxidative stress and tissue injury in the other way by causing vascular dysfunction. The impact of vascular arginase on the development of vasomotor dysfunction associated with angiotensin II receptor activation, hypertension, ischemia-reperfusion, hypercholesterolemia, and inflammatory insults is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih Kuo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Travis W. Hein
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Scott & White Healthcare, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX, USA
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6
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Ummanni R, Mundt F, Pospisil H, Venz S, Scharf C, Barett C, Fälth M, Köllermann J, Walther R, Schlomm T, Sauter G, Bokemeyer C, Sültmann H, Schuppert A, Brümmendorf TH, Balabanov S. Identification of clinically relevant protein targets in prostate cancer with 2D-DIGE coupled mass spectrometry and systems biology network platform. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16833. [PMID: 21347291 PMCID: PMC3037937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer found in men and among the leading causes of cancer death in the western world. In the present study, we compared the individual protein expression patterns from histologically characterized PCa and the surrounding benign tissue obtained by manual micro dissection using highly sensitive two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) coupled with mass spectrometry. Proteomic data revealed 118 protein spots to be differentially expressed in cancer (n = 24) compared to benign (n = 21) prostate tissue. These spots were analysed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS and 79 different proteins were identified. Using principal component analysis we could clearly separate tumor and normal tissue and two distinct tumor groups based on the protein expression pattern. By using a systems biology approach, we could map many of these proteins both into major pathways involved in PCa progression as well as into a group of potential diagnostic and/or prognostic markers. Due to complexity of the highly interconnected shortest pathway network, the functional sub networks revealed some of the potential candidate biomarker proteins for further validation. By using a systems biology approach, our study revealed novel proteins and molecular networks with altered expression in PCa. Further functional validation of individual proteins is ongoing and might provide new insights in PCa progression potentially leading to the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Ummanni
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederike Mundt
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heike Pospisil
- Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany
| | - Simone Venz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfacultary Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Scharf
- Interfacultary Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christine Barett
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Fälth
- Cancer Genome Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Köllermann
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Walther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Cancer Genome Research, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Schuppert
- Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H. Brümmendorf
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik IV - Hämatologie und Onkologie, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Balabanov
- Department of Oncology, Haematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald-Tumor Zentrum, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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7
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Sousa MSA, Latini FRM, Monteiro HP, Cerutti JM. Arginase 2 and nitric oxide synthase: Pathways associated with the pathogenesis of thyroid tumors. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:997-1007. [PMID: 20542107 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that ARG2 expression was increased in most malignant thyroid tumors, but absent in benign lesions and normal tissues. Small interfering RNA knockdown was used to investigate the role of ARG2 in a thyroid carcinoma cell line. ARG2 knockdown decreased eNOS expression as well as the expression of eNOS-related genes (p21, Akt1, HIF-1, VEGF, and CAV1). ARG2 silencing changed tumor properties of thyroid cancer cells promoting apoptosis and reduced expression of cell proliferation markers. These results, coupled with enhanced nitric oxide production and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, account for the altered intracellular redox environment. Genes related to either production (DUOX1 and NOX4) or catabolism (SODs) of ROS and reactive nitrogen species were negatively modulated by ARG2 knockdown. Additionally, a positive correlation of ARG2 with eNOS and related genes was investigated in thyroid tumors, further substantiating our in vitro findings. Our results suggest that ARG2 and eNOS may work in a coordinated manner and the underlying mechanism might be of major significance for thyroid tumorigenesis and/or tumor progression pathways. Fine modulation of ARG2, eNOS, and related genes may represent a potential source for targeted therapy of several cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sharmila A Sousa
- Genetic Basis of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo, 04039-032 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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8
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Gannon PO, Godin-Ethier J, Hassler M, Delvoye N, Aversa M, Poisson AO, Péant B, Alam Fahmy M, Saad F, Lapointe R, Mes-Masson AM. Androgen-regulated expression of arginase 1, arginase 2 and interleukin-8 in human prostate cancer. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12107. [PMID: 20711410 PMCID: PMC2920336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in North American men. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) accentuates the infiltration of immune cells within the prostate. However, the immunosuppressive pathways regulated by androgens in PCa are not well characterized. Arginase 2 (ARG2) expression by PCa cells leads to a reduced activation of tumor-specific T cells. Our hypothesis was that androgens could regulate the expression of ARG2 by PCa cells. Methodology/Principal Findings In this report, we demonstrate that both ARG1 and ARG2 are expressed by hormone-sensitive (HS) and hormone-refractory (HR) PCa cell lines, with the LNCaP cells having the highest arginase activity. In prostate tissue samples, ARG2 was more expressed in normal and non-malignant prostatic tissues compared to tumor tissues. Following androgen stimulation of LNCaP cells with 10 nM R1881, both ARG1 and ARG2 were overexpressed. The regulation of arginase expression following androgen stimulation was dependent on the androgen receptor (AR), as a siRNA treatment targeting the AR inhibited both ARG1 and ARG2 overexpression. This observation was correlated in vivo in patients by immunohistochemistry. Patients treated by ADT prior to surgery had lower ARG2 expression in both non-malignant and malignant tissues. Furthermore, ARG1 and ARG2 were enzymatically active and their decreased expression by siRNA resulted in reduced overall arginase activity and l-arginine metabolism. The decreased ARG1 and ARG2 expression also translated with diminished LNCaP cells cell growth and increased PBMC activation following exposure to LNCaP cells conditioned media. Finally, we found that interleukin-8 (IL-8) was also upregulated following androgen stimulation and that it directly increased the expression of ARG1 and ARG2 in the absence of androgens. Conclusion/Significance Our data provides the first detailed in vitro and in vivo account of an androgen-regulated immunosuppressive pathway in human PCa through the expression of ARG1, ARG2 and IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe O. Gannon
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Godin-Ethier
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Hassler
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Delvoye
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Meghan Aversa
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis O. Poisson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Péant
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mona Alam Fahmy
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (RL); (FS)
| | - Réjean Lapointe
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (RL); (FS)
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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9
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Morris SM. Recent advances in arginine metabolism: roles and regulation of the arginases. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:922-30. [PMID: 19508396 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As arginine can serve as precursor to a wide range of compounds, including nitric oxide, creatine, urea, polyamines, proline, glutamate and agmatine, there is considerable interest in elucidating mechanisms underlying regulation of its metabolism. It is now becoming apparent that the two isoforms of arginase in mammals play key roles in regulation of most aspects of arginine metabolism in health and disease. In particular, work over the past several years has focused on the roles and regulation of the arginases in vascular disease, pulmonary disease, infectious disease, immune cell function and cancer. As most of these topics have been considered in recent review articles, this review will focus more closely on results of recent studies on expression of the arginases in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, post-translational modulation of arginase activity and applications of arginase inhibitors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney M Morris
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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