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Thomas G, Caulfield J, Nikolaeva-Reynolds L, Birkett MA, Vuts J. Solvent Extraction of PDMS Tubing as a New Method for the Capture of Volatile Organic Compounds from Headspace. J Chem Ecol 2024; 50:85-99. [PMID: 38246946 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tubing is increasingly being used to collect volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from static biological headspace. However, analysis of VOCs collected using PDMS tubing often deploys thermal desorption, where samples are considered as 'one-offs' and cannot be used in multiple experiments. In this study, we developed a static headspace VOC collection method using PDMS tubing which is solvent-based, meaning that VOC extracts can be used multiple times and can be linked to biological activity. Using a synthetic blend containing a range of known semiochemicals (allyl isothiocyanate, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-octen-3-one, nonanal, (E)-anethol, (S)-bornyl acetate, (E)-caryophyllene and pentadecane) with differing chemical and physicochemical properties, VOCs were collected in static headspace by exposure to PDMS tubing with differing doses, sampling times and lengths. In a second experiment, VOCs from oranges were collected using PDMS sampling of static headspace versus dynamic headspace collection. VOCs were eluted with diethyl ether and analysed using gas chromatography - flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and coupled GC - mass spectrometry. GC-FID analysis of collected samples showed that longer PDMS tubes captured significantly greater quantities of compounds than shorter tubes, and that sampling duration significantly altered the recovery of all tested compounds. Moreover, greater quantities of compounds were recovered from closed compared to open systems. Finally, analysis of orange headspace VOCs showed no qualitative differences in VOCs recovered compared to dynamic headspace collections, although quantities sampled using PDMS tubing were lower. In summary, extraction of PDMS tubing with diethyl ether solvent captures VOCs from the headspace of synthetic blends and biological samples, and the resulting extracts can be used for multiple experiments linking VOC content to biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Thomas
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - John Caulfield
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | | | - Michael A Birkett
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - József Vuts
- Protecting Crops and the Environment, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Vuts J, Powers SJ, Venter E, Szentesi Á. A semiochemical view of the ecology of the seed beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae). THE ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY 2024; 184:19-36. [PMID: 38516560 PMCID: PMC10953445 DOI: 10.1111/aab.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The dried bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus, is an economically important pest of stored legumes worldwide. Tracking the human-aided dispersion of its primary hosts, the Phaseolus vulgaris beans, it is now widespread in most bean-growing areas of the tropics and subtropics. In temperate regions where it can only occasionally overwinter in the field, A. obtectus proliferates in granaries, having multiple generations a year. Despite its negative impact on food production, no sensitive detection or monitoring tools exist, and the reduction of local populations still relies primarily on inorganic insecticides as fumigating agents. However, in the quest to produce more nutritious food more sustainably and healthily, the development of environmentally benign crop protection methods is vital against A. obtectus. For this, knowledge of the biology and chemistry of both the host plant and its herbivore will underpin the development of, among others, chemical ecology-based approaches to form an essential part of the toolkit of integrated bruchid management. We review the semiochemistry of the mate- and host-finding behaviour of A. obtectus and provide new information about the effect of seed chemistry on the sensory and behavioural ecology of host acceptance and larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Vuts
- Protecting Crops and the Environment DepartmentRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
| | | | - Eudri Venter
- Rothamsted BioimagingRothamsted ResearchHarpendenUK
- JEOL UKWelwyn Garden CityUK
| | - Árpád Szentesi
- Department of Systematic Zoology and EcologyEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
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Dötterl S, Gershenzon J. Chemistry, biosynthesis and biology of floral volatiles: roles in pollination and other functions. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1901-1937. [PMID: 37661854 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2023Floral volatiles are a chemically diverse group of plant metabolites that serve multiple functions. Their composition is shaped by environmental, ecological and evolutionary factors. This review will summarize recent advances in floral scent research from chemical, molecular and ecological perspectives. It will focus on the major chemical classes of floral volatiles, on notable new structures, and on recent discoveries regarding the biosynthesis and the regulation of volatile emission. Special attention will be devoted to the various functions of floral volatiles, not only as attractants for different types of pollinators, but also as defenses of flowers against enemies. We will also summarize recent findings on how floral volatiles are affected by abiotic stressors, such as increased temperatures and drought, and by other organisms, such as herbivores and flower-dwelling microbes. Finally, this review will indicate current research gaps, such as the very limited knowledge of the isomeric pattern of chiral compounds and its importance in interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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Vuts J, Szanyi S, Szanyi K, König L, Nagy A, Imrei Z, Birkett MA, Tóth M. Development of a Phytochemical-Based Lure for the Dried Bean Beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:987-997. [PMID: 34370165 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The dried bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus, is an economically important, worldwide pest of legume crops including dry beans, Phaseolus vulgaris. Assessment of A. obtectus infestation levels in pre-harvest field crops and post-harvest granaries is difficult to achieve because there is no effective monitoring tool for early detection so that interventions can be deployed as needed. Because A. obtectus is a generic pollen and nectar feeder, we adopted an electrophysiological (EAG) screening approach, using the antennae of female A. obtectus to identify physiologically active, volatile phytochemicals, which could then be investigated for their attractiveness to A. obtectus in laboratory behavioral assays and preliminary field tests. Of the 27 compounds tested in EAG screening, 5 compounds, i.e., methyl anthranilate, methyl eugenol, benzyl alcohol, (RS)-lavandulol, and 2-phenylethanol, elicited stronger EAG responses than the standard (1-phenylethanol). In 4-arm olfactometer bioassays, female A. obtectus preferred the olfactometer arm containing the odor of either methyl anthranilate or benzyl alcohol compared to the solvent control. In preliminary field tests using these 2 compounds as a binary mixture, at least 5 times as many beetles were caught on baited traps compared to non-baited traps. The field data also suggested that benzyl alcohol was primarily responsible for the field activity of the blend. We hypothesize that the attraction of A. obtectus to the combined benzyl alcohol/methyl anthranilate and the single benzyl alcohol baits is connected to the species` nectar- and pollen-feeding behaviour and not to its intraspecific communication. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that A. obtectus behavior in the field can be modified by the deployment of plant-derived semiochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Vuts
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.
| | - Szabolcs Szanyi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Debrecen, Hungary, UK
| | - Kálmán Szanyi
- Juhász-Nagy Pál Doctoral School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Debrecen, Hungary, UK.,Department of Hydrobiology, University of Debrecen, Hungary, UK
| | - Lisa König
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK.,, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Nagy
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Debrecen, Hungary, UK
| | - Zoltán Imrei
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michael A Birkett
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
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Li M, Yang Y, Yao Y, Xiang W, Han J, Wang Y, Bai P, Wang J, Zhu G, Man L, Zhang F, Pan L. Isolation and identification of attractants from the pupae of three lepidopteran species for the parasitoid Chouioia cunea Yang. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1920-1928. [PMID: 31854075 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a parasitic wasp and natural enemy of several lepidopteran pests during their pupal stage. The volatiles from pupae of three hosts, Hyphantria cunea (Arctiidae), Antheraea pernyi (Saturniidae) and Lymantria dispar (Erebidae), were analyzed and compared to elucidate the chemical cues used by C. cunea to locate its hosts. RESULTS The attraction of C. cunea to H. cunea pupae has no obvious association with the types of plant leaves consumed by H. cunea before pupation. C. cunea exhibited the strongest attraction to the pupae of H. cunea, followed by those of A. pernyi and L. dispar based on behavioral experiments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and GC-electroantennography (GC-EAD) analyses showed that these three host pupae consisted of essentially the same active volatile components but at different relative amounts. Active components derived from these pupae by GC-EAD were alkanes from C12 to C27, and C. cunea showed different levels of attraction to different single compounds. CONCLUSION Host location by C. cunea primarily depends on common compounds emanating from the pupae of several host species. The relative amount of each component varies across host species, guiding host preferences by C. cunea. Optimal blends of several components were identified. Understanding the chemical cues used by C. cunea to locate its host could increase the possibility of developing attractants for parasitic wasps and subsequently increasing the parasitism rate of C. cunea on various hosts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghong Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Weifang Xiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayi Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Penghua Bai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Natural Enemy Breeding Center, Luohe Central South Forestry Administration, Henan, China
| | - Gengping Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Man
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China
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Yi X, Shi S, Wang P, Chen Y, Lu Q, Wang T, Zhou X, Zhong G. Characterizing potential repelling volatiles for "push-pull" strategy against stem borer: a case study in Chilo auricilius. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:751. [PMID: 31623553 PMCID: PMC6796385 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Massive techniques have been evaluated for developing different pest control methods to minimize fertilizer and pesticide inputs. As “push-pull” strategy utilizes generally non-toxic chemicals to manipulate behaviors of insects, such strategy is considered to be environmentally friendly. “Push-pull” strategy has been extraordinarily effective in controlling stem borers, and the identification of new “pushing” or “pull” components against stem borers could be significantly helpful. Results In this study, the results of field trapping assay and behavioral assay showed the larvae of C.auricilius, one kind of stem borers, could be deterred by rice plant under tilling stage, its main host crop. The profiles of volatiles were compared between rice plants under two different developmental stages, and α-pinene was identified as a key differential component. The repelling activity of α-pinene against C.auricilius was confirmed by Y-tube olfactometer. For illuminating the olfactory recognition mechanism, transcriptome analysis was carried out, and 13 chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were identified in larvae and 19 CSPs were identified in adult of C.auriciliu, which was reported for the first time in this insect. Among these identified CSPs, 4 CSPs were significantly regulated by α-pinene treatment, and CSP8 showed good binding affinity with α-pinene in vitro. Conclusions Overall, C.auricilius could be repelled by rice plant at tilling stage, and our results highlighted α-pinene as a key component in inducing repelling activity at this specific stage and confirmed the roles of some candidate chemosensory elements in this chemo-sensing process. The results in this study could provide valuable information for chemosensory mechanism of C.auricilius and for identification of “push” agent against rice stem borers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Song Shi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Peidan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yaoyao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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