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Lei T, Feng T, Wang L, Yuan X, Wu L, Wu B, Du J, Li J, Ma H. Metabolic resistance mechanism to glufosinate in Eleusine indica. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 204:106083. [PMID: 39277396 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Eleusine indica is one of the most troublesome weeds in farmland worldwide, especially in Citrus Orchard of China. Glufosinate, as an efficient non-selective broad-spectrum herbicide, has been widely utilized for the control of E. indica in Citrus Orchard. The E. indica resistant population (R) was collected from a Citrus Orchard in Yichang City in Hubei province, China. Bioassay experiments showed that the R plants exhibited 3-fold resistance to glufosinate compared with the E. indica susceptible population (S). No known glutamine synthetase (GS) gene mutation associated with glufosinate resistance was found in R plants. And there was also no significant difference in GS activity between R and S plants. Those results indicated that the resistance to glufosinate in R did not involve target-site resistance. However, glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) plus glufosinate gave a better control of R plants compared with glufosinate treatment alone. Moreover, both before and after glufosinate treatment, the GST activity in R plants was significantly higher than that in S plants. By RNA-seq, the expression of GSTU6 and GST4 up-regulated in R plants relative to S plants with or without glufosinate treatment. They were also significantly up-regulated expression in E. indica field resistant populations compared with S population. In summary, the study elucidated that R plants developed metabolic resistance to glufosinate involving GST. And GSTU6 and GST4 genes may play an important role in this glufosinate metabolic resistance. The research results provide a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of resistance mechanism to glufosinate in E. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhong Lei
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Tangqi Feng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangrui Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Biao Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Du
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Hongju Ma
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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Dmitrieva VA, Tyutereva EV, Voitsekhovskaja OV. What can reactive oxygen species (ROS) tell us about the action mechanism of herbicides and other phytotoxins? Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:92-110. [PMID: 38663829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed in plant cells continuously. When ROS production exceeds the antioxidant capacity of the cells, oxidative stress develops which causes damage of cell components and may even lead to the induction of programmed cell death (PCD). The levels of ROS production increase upon abiotic stress, but also during pathogen attack in response to elicitors, and upon application of toxic compounds such as synthetic herbicides or natural phytotoxins. The commercial value of many synthetic herbicides is based on weed death as result of oxidative stress, and for a number of them, the site and the mechanism of ROS production have been characterized. This review summarizes the current knowledge on ROS production in plants subjected to different groups of synthetic herbicides and natural phytotoxins. We suggest that the use of ROS-specific fluorescent probes and of ROS-specific marker genes can provide important information on the mechanism of action of these toxins. Furthermore, we propose that, apart from oxidative damage, elicitation of ROS-induced PCD is emerging as one of the important processes underlying the action of herbicides and phytotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Dmitrieva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia; Laboratory of Phytotoxicology and Biotechnology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, Saint Petersburg, 196608, Russia
| | - Elena V Tyutereva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
| | - Olga V Voitsekhovskaja
- Laboratory of Molecular and Ecological Physiology, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia.
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Parcharidou E, Dücker R, Beffa R. Genome-wide study of glutathione transferases and their regulation in flufenacet susceptible and resistant black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3035-3046. [PMID: 38323683 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione transferases (GSTs) are enzymes with a wide range of functions, including herbicide detoxification. Up-regulation of GSTs and their detoxification activity enables the grass weed black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) to metabolize the very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis inhibitor flufenacet and other herbicides leading to multiple herbicide resistance. However, the genomic organization and regulation of GSTs genes is still poorly understood. RESULTS In this genome-wide study the location and expression of 115 GSTs were investigated using a recently published black-grass genome. Particularly, the most abundant GSTs of class tau and phi were typically clustered and often followed similar expression patterns but possessed divergent upstream regulatory regions. Similarities were found in the promoters of the most up-regulated GSTs, which are located next to each other in a cluster. The binding motif of the E2F/DP transcription factor complex in the promoter of an up-regulated GST was identical in susceptible and resistant plants, however, adjacent sequences differed. This led to a stronger binding of proteins to the motif of the susceptible plant, indicating repressor activity. CONCLUSIONS This study constitutes the first analysis dealing with the genomic investigation of GST genes found in black-grass and their transcriptional regulation. It highlights the complexity of the evolution of GSTs in black-grass, their duplication and divergence over time. The large number of GSTs allows weeds to detoxify a broad spectrum of herbicides. Ultimately, more research is needed to fully elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of GST expression. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evlampia Parcharidou
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rebecka Dücker
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Roland Beffa
- Senior Scientist Consultant, Liederbach am Taunus, Germany
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Font Farre M, Brown D, König M, Killinger BJ, Kaschani F, Kaiser M, Wright AT, Burton J, van der Hoorn RAL. Glutathione Transferase Photoaffinity Labeling Displays GST Induction by Safeners and Pathogen Infection. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:128-141. [PMID: 37924215 PMCID: PMC10799724 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases (GSTs) represent a large and diverse enzyme family involved in the detoxification of small molecules by glutathione conjugation in crops, weeds and model plants. In this study, we introduce an easy and quick assay for photoaffinity labeling of GSTs to study GSTs globally in various plant species. The small-molecule probe contains glutathione, a photoreactive group and a minitag for coupling to reporter tags via click chemistry. Under UV irradiation, this probe quickly and robustly labels GSTs in crude protein extracts of different plant species. Purification and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of labeled proteins from Arabidopsis identified 10 enriched GSTs from the Phi(F) and Tau(U) classes. Photoaffinity labeling of GSTs demonstrated GST induction in wheat seedlings upon treatment with safeners and in Arabidopsis leaves upon infection with avirulent bacteria. Treatment of Arabidopsis with salicylic acid (SA) analog benzothiadiazole (BTH) induces GST labeling independent of NPR1, the master regulator of SA. Six Phi- and Tau-class GSTs that are induced upon BTH treatment were identified, and their labeling was confirmed upon transient overexpression. These data demonstrate that GST photoaffinity labeling is a useful approach to studying GST induction in crude extracts of different plant species upon different types of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Font Farre
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Daniel Brown
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Maurice König
- The Plant Chemetics Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Brian J Killinger
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Farnusch Kaschani
- ZMB Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Markus Kaiser
- ZMB Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Aaron T Wright
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Jonathan Burton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX1 3TA, UK
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Pingarron-Cardenas G, Onkokesung N, Goldberg-Cavalleri A, Lange G, Dittgen J, Edwards R. Selective herbicide safening in dicot plants: a case study in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1335764. [PMID: 38288413 PMCID: PMC10822893 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1335764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Safeners are agrochemicals co-applied with herbicides that facilitate selective control of weeds by protecting monocot crops from chemical injury through enhancing the expression of detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione transferases (GSTs). Even though the application of safeners causes the induction of genes encoding GSTs in model dicots such as Arabidopsis thaliana, safeners do not protect broadleaf crops from herbicide injury. In this study, we proposed that the localized induction of Arabidopsis GSTs and the fundamental differences in their detoxifying activity between dicot and monocot species, underpin the failure of safeners to protect Arabidopsis from herbicide toxicity. Using the herbicide safener, isoxadifen-ethyl, we showed that three tau (U) family GSTs namely AtGSTU7, AtGSTU19 and AtGSTU24 were induced with different magnitude by isoxadifen treatment in root and rosette tissues. The higher magnitude of inducibility of these AtGSTUs in the root tissues coincided with the enhanced metabolism of flufenacet, a herbicide that is active in root tissue, protecting Arabidopsis plants from chemical injury. Assay of the recombinant enzyme activities and the significant reduction in flufenacet metabolism determined in the T-DNA insertion mutant of AtGSTU7 (gstu7) in Arabidopsis plants identified an important function for AtGSTU7 protein in flufenacet detoxification. In-silico structural modeling of AtGSTU7, suggested the unique high activity of this enzyme toward flufenacet was due to a less constrained active site compared to AtGSTU19 and AtGSTU24. We demonstrate here that it is possible to induce herbicide detoxification in dicotyledonous plants by safener treatment, albeit with this activity being restricted to very specific combinations of herbicide chemistry, and the localized induction of enzymes with specific detoxifying activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pingarron-Cardenas
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Nawaporn Onkokesung
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alina Goldberg-Cavalleri
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gudrun Lange
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft (AG), Crop Science Division, Computational Life Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jan Dittgen
- Bayer Aktiengesellschaft (AG), Crop Science Division, Weed Control Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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He S, Liu M, Chen W, Bai D, Liao Y, Bai L, Pan L. Eleusine indica Cytochrome P450 and Glutathione S-Transferase Are Linked to High-Level Resistance to Glufosinate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14243-14250. [PMID: 37749769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Eleusine indica has become a global nuisance weed and has evolved resistance to glufosinate. The involvement of target-site resistance (TSR) in glufosinate resistance in E. indica has been elucidated, while the role of nontarget-site resistance (NTSR) remains unclear. Here, we identified a glufosinate-resistant (R) population that is highly resistant to glufosinate, with a resistance index of 13.5-fold. Molecular analysis indicated that the resistance mechanism of this R population does not involve TSR. In addition, pretreatment with two known metabolic enzyme inhibitors, the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibitor malathion and the glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl), increased the sensitivity of the R population to glufosinate. The results of subsequent RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) suggested that the constitutive overexpression of a GST gene (GSTU3) and three CYP450 genes (CYP94s and CYP71) may play an important role in glufosinate resistance. This study provides new insights into the resistance mechanism of E. indica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sifen He
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dingyi Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuxi Liao
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lianyang Bai
- Longping Branch, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410125, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lang Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Parcharidou E, Dücker R, Zöllner P, Ries S, Orru R, Beffa R. Recombinant glutathione transferases from flufenacet-resistant black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) form different flufenacet metabolites and differ in their interaction with pre- and post-emergence herbicides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3376-3386. [PMID: 37132078 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) has become a problematic weed in cereals in Europe. Besides resistance to post-emergent herbicides becoming increasingly widespread, enhanced metabolism of inhibitors of the synthesis of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), such as flufenacet, is evolving. Yet, cross-resistance patterns and evolution of this resistance remains poorly understood. RESULTS The cDNA sequences of five glutathione transferases (GSTs) upregulated in flufenacet resistant black-grass were identified and used for recombinant protein expression. Moderate to slow detoxification of flufenacet was verified for all candidate GSTs expressed in E. coli, and the most active protein produced flufenacet-alcohol instead of a glutathione conjugate, in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH). Moreover, cross-resistance to other VLCFA-inhibitors e.g., acetochlor and pyroxasulfone and the ACCase inhibitor fenoxaprop was verified in vitro. Various other herbicides of different modes of action including VLCFA-inhibitors were not detoxified by the candidate GSTs. CONCLUSIONS As several in planta upregulated GSTs detoxified flufenacet in vitro, the shift in sensitivity observed in black-grass populations, is likely a result of an additive effect. The polygenic character and the relatively low turnover rate of the individual GSTs may explain the slow evolution of flufenacet resistance. In addition, flufenacet resistance was accompanied by cross-resistance with some, but not all, herbicides of the same mode of action, and furthermore to the ACCase inhibitor fenoxaprop-ethyl. Hence, not only the rotation of herbicide modes of action, but also of individual active ingredients is important for resistance management. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evlampia Parcharidou
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rebecka Dücker
- Division of Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Georg-August University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Zöllner
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Industrial Park Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Ries
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Industrial Park Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roberto Orru
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Industrial Park Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roland Beffa
- Senior Scientist Consultant, Liederbach am Taunus, Germany
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Soni N, Westra EP, Allegretta G, Araujo ALS, de Pinho CF, Morran S, Lerchl J, Dayan FE, Westra P, Gaines TA. Survey of ACCase and ALS resistance in winter annual grasses identifies target-site and nontarget-site imazamox resistance in Secale cereale. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5080-5089. [PMID: 36039692 PMCID: PMC9825914 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of herbicide resistance in weeds is crucial for successful implementation of integrated weed management. We conducted a herbicide resistance survey of the winter annual grasses feral rye (Secale cereale), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) from Colorado winter wheat production areas for resistance to imazamox and quizalofop. RESULTS All samples were susceptible to quizalofop. All downy brome and jointed goatgrass samples were susceptible to imazamox. Out of 314 field collected samples, we identified three feral rye populations (named A, B, and C) that were imazamox resistant. Populations B and C had a target-site mechanism with mutations in the Ser653 residue of the acetolactate synthase (ALS) gene to Asn in B and to Thr in C. Both populations B and C had greatly reduced ALS in vitro enzyme inhibition by imazamox. ALS feral rye protein modeling showed that steric interactions induced by the amino acid substitutions at Ser653 impaired imazamox binding. Individuals from population A had no mutations in the ALS gene. The ALS enzyme from population A was equally sensitive to imazamox as to known susceptible feral rye populations. Imazamox was degraded two times faster in population A compared with a susceptible control. An oxidized imazamox metabolite formed faster in population A and this detoxification reaction was inhibited by malathion. CONCLUSION Population A has a nontarget-site mechanism of enhanced imazamox metabolism that may be conferred by cytochrome P450 enzymes. This is the first report of both target-site and metabolism-based imazamox resistance in feral rye. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Soni
- Department of Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Eric P. Westra
- Department of Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | | | - André L. S. Araujo
- Department of Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of FitotecniaUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Camila F. de Pinho
- Department of FitotecniaUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Sarah Morran
- Department of Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | | | - Franck E. Dayan
- Department of Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Philip Westra
- Department of Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Todd A. Gaines
- Department of Agricultural BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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Yan J, Liu B, Cao Z, Chen L, Liang Z, Wang M, Liu W, Lin Y, Jiang B. Cytological, genetic and transcriptomic characterization of a cucumber albino mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1047090. [PMID: 36340338 PMCID: PMC9630852 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1047090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis, a fundamental process for plant growth and development, is dependent on chloroplast formation and chlorophyll synthesis. Severe disruption of chloroplast structure results in albinism of higher plants. In the present study, we report a cucumber albino alc mutant that presented white cotyledons under normal light conditions and was unable to produce first true leaf. Meanwhile, alc mutant could grow creamy green cotyledons under dim light conditions but died after exposure to normal light irradiation. No chlorophyll and carotenoid were detected in the alc mutant grown under normal light conditions. Using transmission electron microscopy, impaired chloroplasts were observed in this mutant. The genetic analysis indicated that the albino phenotype was recessively controlled by a single locus. Comparative transcriptomic analysis between the alc mutant and wild type revealed that genes involved in chlorophyll metabolism and the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway were affected in the alc mutant. In addition, three genes involved in chloroplast development, including two FtsH genes and one PPR gene, were found to have negligible expression in this mutant. The quality of RNA sequencing results was further confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR analysis. We also examined 12 homologous genes from alc mutant in other plant species, but no genetic variation in the coding sequences of these genes was found between alc mutant and wild type. Taken together, we characterized a cucumber albino mutant with albinism phenotype caused by chloroplast development deficiency and this mutant can pave way for future studies on plastid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiang Yan
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Hami-melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhenqiang Cao
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaojun Liang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenrui Liu
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu'e Lin
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Jiang
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Tamagno WA, Baldessarini R, Sutorillo NT, Alves C, Müller C, Kaizer RR, Galon L. Redox status upon herbicides application in the control of Lolium multiflorum (2n and 4n) as weed. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:729-738. [PMID: 35915872 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lolium multiflorum Lam. is a winter weed of difficult control found as diploid (2n) and tetraploid plants (4n). Our study aimed to evaluate the responses of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation, in both diploid and tetraploid ryegrass varieties. Treatments consisted of control plants (without any herbicide application), and four herbicides with different mechanisms of action. Leaf material was collected 36 h after treatment imposition to determine the lipid peroxidation by ferrous oxidation-xylenol (FOX) content, and the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD). Both ryegrass varieties showed oxidative stress mainly due to a downregulated decreased (>31%) in SOD activity and an increase (>32%) in lipid peroxidation (FOX), mainly in ryegrass genotypes exposed to haloxyfop, glyphosate, and iodosulfuron. On the other hand, clethodim-treated plants had an increase in SOD and APX activities, associated with a reduced ALAD activity in both 2n (32%) and 4n (11%) genotypes. In general, the 2n genotype was more affected than the 4n genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner Antonio Tamagno
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) - Sertão Campus, Sertão, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Camobi, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Renata Baldessarini
- Sustainable Management of Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Erechim Campus, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Nathália Tafarel Sutorillo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) - Sertão Campus, Sertão, Brazil
| | - Carla Alves
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) - Sertão Campus, Sertão, Brazil
- Fish Physiology Laboratory, Passo Fundo University (UPF) - Passo Fundo Campus, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Sustainable Management of Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Erechim Campus, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Rosilene Rodrigues Kaizer, Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS) - Sertão Campus, Sertão, Brazil
- Sustainable Management of Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Erechim Campus, Erechim, Brazil
| | - Leandro Galon
- Sustainable Management of Agricultural Systems Laboratory, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS) - Erechim Campus, Erechim, Brazil
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11
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Ioannou E, Papageorgiou AC, Labrou NE. Directed Evolution of Phi Class Glutathione Transferases Involved in Multiple-Herbicide Resistance of Grass Weeds and Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137469. [PMID: 35806486 PMCID: PMC9267659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive application of herbicides in crop cultivation has indisputably led to the emergence of weed populations characterized by multiple herbicide resistance (MHR). This phenomenon is associated with the enhanced metabolism and detoxifying ability of endogenous enzymes, such as phi class glutathione transferases (GSTFs). In the present work, a library of mutant GSTFs was created by in vitro directed evolution via DNA shuffling. Selected gstf genes from the weeds Alopecurus myosuroides and Lolium rigidum, and the cereal crops Triticum durum and Hordeum vulgare were recombined to forge a library of novel chimeric GSTFs. The library was activity screened and the best-performing enzyme variants were purified and characterized. The work allowed the identification of enzyme variants that exhibit an eight-fold improvement in their catalytic efficiency, higher thermal stability (8.3 °C) and three-times higher inhibition sensitivity towards the herbicide butachlor. The crystal structures of the best-performing enzyme variants were determined by X-ray crystallography. Structural analysis allowed the identification of specific structural elements that are responsible for kcat regulation, thermal stability and inhibition potency. These improved novel enzymes hold the potential for utilization in biocatalysis and green biotechnology applications. The results of the present work contribute significantly to our knowledge of the structure and function of phi class plant GSTs and shed light on their involvement in the mechanisms of MHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Ioannou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Nikolaos E. Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, 11855 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Comont D, MacGregor DR, Crook L, Hull R, Nguyen L, Freckleton RP, Childs DZ, Neve P. Dissecting weed adaptation: Fitness and trait correlations in herbicide-resistant Alopecurus myosuroides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3039-3050. [PMID: 35437938 PMCID: PMC9324217 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unravelling the genetic architecture of non-target-site resistance (NTSR) traits in weed populations can inform questions about the inheritance, trade-offs and fitness costs associated with these traits. Classical quantitative genetics approaches allow study of the genetic architecture of polygenic traits even where the genetic basis of adaptation remains unknown. These approaches have the potential to overcome some of the limitations of previous studies into the genetics and fitness of NTSR. RESULTS Using a quantitative genetic analysis of 400 pedigreed Alopecurus myosuroides seed families from nine field-collected populations, we found strong heritability for resistance to the acetolactate synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors (h2 = 0.731 and 0.938, respectively), and evidence for shared additive genetic variance for resistance to these two different herbicide modes of action, rg = 0.34 (survival), 0.38 (biomass). We find no evidence for genetic correlations between life-history traits and herbicide resistance, indicating that resistance to these two modes of action is not associated with large fitness costs in blackgrass. We do, however, demonstrate that phenotypic variation in plant flowering characteristics is heritable, h2 = 0.213 (flower height), 0.529 (flower head number), 0.449 (time to flowering) and 0.372 (time to seed shed), demonstrating the potential for adaptation to other nonchemical management practices (e.g. mowing of flowering heads) now being adopted for blackgrass control. CONCLUSION These results highlight that quantitative genetics can provide important insight into the inheritance and genetic architecture of NTSR, and can be used alongside emerging molecular techniques to better understand the evolutionary and fitness landscape of herbicide resistance. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Comont
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
| | - Dana R MacGregor
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of DurhamDurhamUK
| | - Laura Crook
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
| | - Richard Hull
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
| | - Lieselot Nguyen
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
| | - Robert P Freckleton
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSouth YorkshireUK
| | - Dylan Z Childs
- Department of Animal and Plant SciencesUniversity of SheffieldSouth YorkshireUK
| | - Paul Neve
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop ProtectionRothamsted Research, HarpendenHertfordshireUK
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Section for Crop SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenTaastrupDenmark
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13
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Strom SA, Hager AG, Concepcion JCT, Seiter NJ, Davis AS, Morris JA, Kaundun SS, Riechers DE. Metabolic Pathways for S-Metolachlor Detoxification Differ Between Tolerant Corn and Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1770-1785. [PMID: 34453831 PMCID: PMC8664635 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide resistance in weeds can be conferred by target-site and/or non-target-site mechanisms, such as rapid metabolic detoxification. Resistance to the very-long-chain fatty acid-inhibiting herbicide, S-metolachlor, in multiple herbicide-resistant populations (CHR and SIR) of waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) is conferred by rapid metabolism compared with sensitive populations. However, enzymatic pathways for S-metolachlor metabolism in waterhemp are unknown. Enzyme assays using S-metolachlor were developed to determine the specific activities of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) from CHR and SIR seedlings to compare with tolerant corn and sensitive waterhemp (WUS). GST activities were greater (∼2-fold) in CHR and SIR compared to WUS but much less than corn. In contrast, P450s in microsomal extracts from CHR and SIR formed O-demethylated S-metolachlor, and their NADPH-dependent specific activities were greater (>20-fold) than corn or WUS. Metabolite profiles of S-metolachlor generated via untargeted and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry from CHR and SIR differed from WUS, with greater relative abundances of O-demethylated S-metolachlor and O-demethylated S-metolachlor-glutathione conjugates formed by CHR and SIR. In summary, our results demonstrate that S-metolachlor metabolism in resistant waterhemp involves Phase I and Phase II metabolic activities acting in concert, but the initial O-demethylation reaction confers resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron G Hager
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Nicholas J Seiter
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Adam S Davis
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - James A Morris
- Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta UK Ltd, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42, UK
| | - Shiv S Kaundun
- Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Syngenta UK Ltd, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42, UK
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14
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Torra J, Osuna MD, Merotto A, Vila-Aiub M. Editorial: Multiple Herbicide-Resistant Weeds and Non-target Site Resistance Mechanisms: A Global Challenge for Food Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:763212. [PMID: 34777445 PMCID: PMC8581628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Torra
- Department d'Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio-CERCA Center, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - María Dolores Osuna
- Center for Scientific and Technological Research of Extremadura (CICYTEX), Agrarian Research Center “Finca La Orden” Valdesequera, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Aldo Merotto
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martin Vila-Aiub
- Department of Ecology, IFEVA -CONICET, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Maršík P, Zunová T, Vaněk T, Podlipná R. Metazachlor effect on poplar - Pioneer plant species for riparian buffers. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129711. [PMID: 33524867 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metazachlor belongs to one of the most used herbicides throughout the world. In order to prevent the contamination of water bodies by such herbicides, the riparian buffers are constructed. The selection of appropriate plant species for this purpose is necessary. In our project, we studied the possibility of grey poplar to uptake and biotransform metazachlor, along with the phytotoxic effect of metazachlor and its metabolites. We used two different models - suspension cultures and poplar regenerants cultivated in vitro. Our results show that the herbicide metazachlor is readily metabolized by both suspension cultures and regenerants to 16 detectable metabolites. The detailed scheme of biotransformation pathway in poplar tissue is presented for the first time. The profile of detected metabolites was approximately the same in poplar cell cultures and regenerants, but the ratio and amounts of particular compounds was significantly different. Generally, the highest concentration (peak area/mg of DW) of all metabolites was present in the roots; the only exception was lactate conjugate (deCl-MZCl-Lact), which accumulated in the cultivation media. Although the plants were not visibly affected by metazachlor or its metabolites, they showed changes in activity of antioxidant enzymes and increased content of phenolic substances, the indicators of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maršík
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha, 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - T Zunová
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha, 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - T Vaněk
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha, 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - R Podlipná
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02, Praha, 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic.
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16
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Goggin DE, Cawthray GR, Flematti GR, Bringans SD, Lim H, Beckie HJ, Busi R. Pyroxasulfone-Resistant Annual Ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum) Has Enhanced Capacity for Glutathione Transferase-Mediated Pyroxasulfone Conjugation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6414-6422. [PMID: 34081453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c07458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The herbicide pyroxasulfone was widely introduced in 2012, and cases of evolved resistance in weeds such as annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and tall waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] have started to emerge. Pyroxasulfone is detoxified by tolerant crops, and by annual ryegrass that has been recurrently selected with pyroxasulfone, in a pathway that is hypothesized to involve glutathione conjugation. In the current study, it was confirmed that pyroxasulfone is conjugated to glutathione in vitro by glutathione transferases (GSTs) purified from susceptible and resistant annual ryegrass populations and from a tolerant crop species, wheat. The extent of conjugation corresponded to the pyroxasulfone resistance level. Pyroxasulfone-conjugating activity was higher in radicles, roots, and seeds compared to coleoptiles or expanded leaves. Among the GSTs purified from annual ryegrass radicles and seeds, an orthologue of Brachypodium distachyon GSTF13 was >20-fold more abundant in the pyroxasulfone-resistant population, suggesting that this protein could be responsible for pyroxasulfone conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica E Goggin
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Gregory R Cawthray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Gavin R Flematti
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Scott D Bringans
- Proteomics International, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Hitormi Lim
- Proteomics International, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Hugh J Beckie
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
| | - Roberto Busi
- Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Australia
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17
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Kaundun SS. Syngenta's contribution to herbicide resistance research and management. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1564-1571. [PMID: 32893405 PMCID: PMC7984027 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of weed resistance to herbicides is an ever-increasing problem that affects crop yield and food production. In Syngenta, we believe that this difficult and complex issue can be most efficiently addressed through a deep understanding of the evolutionary dynamics and mechanism of resistance. A profound knowledge of resistance is key to developing the next generation of resistance-breaking compounds with existing or novel herbicide sites of action. We use a multidisciplinary laboratory-based, glasshouse and field biology approach to study herbicide resistance and provide strong science-based solutions to delay the onset and manage resistance. We have developed and implemented simple early-season resistance detection methods to allow farmers make an informed decision for effective weed control. We have built mechanistic, individual-based computer models to design profitable, long-term sustainable weed management programs. Our zero tolerance approaches employ herbicides with different sites of action, applied in mixtures and sequences, to minimise the risk of resistance evolution. Weeds are targeted at the right growth stage with optimal herbicide formulation and spray technology for maximising weed control and depleting the seed bank. We are promoting the use of competitive crop varieties and other nonchemical methods for an integrated weed management strategy. We have a global web of external collaborations for studying and managing herbicide resistance. We are committed to farmers' education and training on herbicide resistance, and regularly share our methods and findings via conferences and peer-reviewed scientific publications for the benefit of the wider weed science community and field practitioners. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Shankhar Kaundun
- Herbicide Bioscience, SyngentaJealott's Hill International Research CentreBerkshireUK
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18
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Suzukawa AK, Bobadilla LK, Mallory-Smith C, Brunharo CACG. Non-target-Site Resistance in Lolium spp. Globally: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:609209. [PMID: 33552102 PMCID: PMC7862324 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.609209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Lolium genus encompasses many species that colonize a variety of disturbed and non-disturbed environments. Lolium perenne L. spp. perenne, L. perenne L. spp. multiflorum, and L. rigidum are of particular interest to weed scientists because of their ability to thrive in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. Herbicides are the main tool to control these weeds; however, Lolium spp. populations have evolved multiple- and cross-resistance to at least 14 herbicide mechanisms of action in more than 21 countries, with reports of multiple herbicide resistance to at least seven mechanisms of action in a single population. In this review, we summarize what is currently known about non-target-site resistance in Lolium spp. to acetyl CoA carboxylase, acetohydroxyacid synthase, microtubule assembly, photosystem II, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase, glutamine synthetase, very-long chain fatty acids, and photosystem I inhibitors. We suggest research topics that need to be addressed, as well as strategies to further our knowledge and uncover the mechanisms of non-target-site resistance in Lolium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia K. Suzukawa
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Lucas K. Bobadilla
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Carol Mallory-Smith
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Caio A. C. G. Brunharo
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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19
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Torra J, Montull JM, Taberner A, Onkokesung N, Boonham N, Edwards R. Target-Site and Non-target-Site Resistance Mechanisms Confer Multiple and Cross- Resistance to ALS and ACCase Inhibiting Herbicides in Lolium rigidum From Spain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:625138. [PMID: 33613607 PMCID: PMC7889805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.625138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lolium rigidum is one the worst herbicide resistant (HR) weeds worldwide due to its proneness to evolve multiple and cross resistance to several sites of action (SoA). In winter cereals crops in Spain, resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides has become widespread, with farmers having to rely on pre-emergence herbicides over the last two decades to maintain weed control. Recently, lack of control with very long-chain fatty acid synthesis (VLCFAS)-inhibiting herbicides has been reported in HR populations that are difficult to manage by chemical means. In this study, three Spanish populations of L. rigidum from winter cereals were confirmed as being resistant to ALS- and ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, with broad-ranging resistance toward the different chemistries tested. In addition, reduced sensitivity to photosystem II-, VLCFAS-, and phytoene desaturase-inhibiting herbicides were confirmed across the three populations. Resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was associated with point mutations in positions Trp-2027 and Asp-2078 of the enzyme conferring target site resistance (TSR), while none were detected in the ALS enzyme. Additionally, HR populations contained enhanced amounts of an ortholog of the glutathione transferase phi (F) class 1 (GSTF1) protein, a functional biomarker of non-target-site resistance (NTSR), as confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Further evidence of NTSR was obtained in dose-response experiments with prosulfocarb applied post-emergence, following pre-treatment with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor malathion, which partially reversed resistance. This study confirms the evolution of multiple and cross resistance to ALS- and ACCase inhibiting herbicides in L. rigidum from Spain by mechanisms consistent with the presence of both TSR and NTSR. Moreover, the results suggest that NTSR, probably by means of enhanced metabolism involving more than one detoxifying enzyme family, confers cross resistance to other SoA. The study further demonstrates the urgent need to monitor and prevent the further evolution of herbicide resistance in L. rigidum in Mediterranean areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Torra
- Department d’Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- *Correspondence: Joel Torra,
| | - José María Montull
- Department d’Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andreu Taberner
- Department d’Hortofructicultura, Botànica i Jardineria, Agrotecnio, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Nawaporn Onkokesung
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Boonham
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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20
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Strom SA, Hager AG, Seiter NJ, Davis AS, Riechers DE. Metabolic resistance to S-metolachlor in two waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations from Illinois, USA. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3139-3148. [PMID: 32309896 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) populations from Illinois demonstrating multiple-resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, and photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides (designated CHR and SIR) also displayed reduced sensitivity to very-long-chain fatty acid-inhibiting herbicides, including S-metolachlor. We hypothesized that a physiological mechanism, such as enhanced metabolism, could be responsible for the reduced efficacy of S-metolachlor. RESULTS Metabolism experiments indicated that resistant populations degraded S-metolachlor more rapidly than sensitive populations and equally as rapidly as corn 2-24 h after treatment (HAT). Resistant waterhemp and corn metabolized 90% (DT90 ) of absorbed S-metolachlor in less than 3.2 h whereas DT90 values for sensitive waterhemp exceeded 6 h. The glutathione S-transferase inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazon and cytochrome P450-inhibitor malathion decreased the amount of S-metolachlor metabolized in resistant waterhemp at 4 HAT but not in sensitive waterhemp or corn, and altered the abundance of certain metabolites in resistant waterhemp. CONCLUSION Results from this research demonstrate that resistance to S-metolachlor in these waterhemp populations is due to enhanced herbicide metabolism relative to sensitive populations. In addition, our results indicate that resistant waterhemp might utilize metabolic pathway(s) more intricate than either sensitive waterhemp or corn based on their metabolite profiles. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Strom
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Aaron G Hager
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas J Seiter
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Adam S Davis
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Dean E Riechers
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
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21
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Gaines TA, Duke SO, Morran S, Rigon CAG, Tranel PJ, Küpper A, Dayan FE. Mechanisms of evolved herbicide resistance. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10307-10330. [PMID: 32430396 PMCID: PMC7383398 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.013572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The widely successful use of synthetic herbicides over the past 70 years has imposed strong and widespread selection pressure, leading to the evolution of herbicide resistance in hundreds of weed species. Both target-site resistance (TSR) and nontarget-site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms have evolved to most herbicide classes. TSR often involves mutations in genes encoding the protein targets of herbicides, affecting the binding of the herbicide either at or near catalytic domains or in regions affecting access to them. Most of these mutations are nonsynonymous SNPs, but polymorphisms in more than one codon or entire codon deletions have also evolved. Some herbicides bind multiple proteins, making the evolution of TSR mechanisms more difficult. Increased amounts of protein target, by increased gene expression or by gene duplication, are an important, albeit less common, TSR mechanism. NTSR mechanisms include reduced absorption or translocation and increased sequestration or metabolic degradation. The mechanisms that can contribute to NTSR are complex and often involve genes that are members of large gene families. For example, enzymes involved in herbicide metabolism-based resistances include cytochromes P450, GSH S-transferases, glucosyl and other transferases, aryl acylamidase, and others. Both TSR and NTSR mechanisms can combine at the individual level to produce higher resistance levels. The vast array of herbicide-resistance mechanisms for generalist (NTSR) and specialist (TSR and some NTSR) adaptations that have evolved over a few decades illustrate the evolutionary resilience of weed populations to extreme selection pressures. These evolutionary processes drive herbicide and herbicide-resistant crop development and resistance management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd A Gaines
- Agricultural Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sarah Morran
- Agricultural Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos A G Rigon
- Agricultural Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Patrick J Tranel
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Anita Küpper
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Franck E Dayan
- Agricultural Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Georgakis N, Poudel N, Papageorgiou AC, Labrou NE. Comparative structural and functional analysis of phi class glutathione transferases involved in multiple-herbicide resistance of grass weeds and crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 149:266-276. [PMID: 32088578 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple-herbicide resistant (MHR) weeds are a global problem and a looming threat to weed control in crops. MHR weeds express a specific phi class glutathione transferase (MHR-GSTF) which seems to contribute to herbicide resistance. The present work aims to investigate the structure and catalytic properties of the MHR-GSTFs from different grass weeds and crops (Alopecurus myosuroides, Lolium rigidum, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum). Recombinant MHR-GSTFs were expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Kinetic analysis of substrate specificity using a range of thiol substrates and xenobiotic compounds suggested that all enzymes display a broad range of specificity and are capable of detoxifying major stress-induced toxic products. Notably, all tested enzymes exhibited high activity towards organic hydroperoxides. The crystal structure of MHR-GSTF from Alopecurus myosuroides (AmGSTF) was determined by molecular replacement at 1.33 Å resolution. The enzyme was resolved with bound glutathione sulfenic acid (GSOH) at the G-site and succinic acid at the H-site. The enzyme shows conserved structural features compared to other Phi class GSTs. However, some differences were observed at the C-terminal helix H9 that may affect substrate specificity. The structural and functional features of AmGSTF were compared with those of the homologue crop enzymes (HvGSTF and TaGSTF) and discussed in light of their contribution to the MHR mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Georgakis
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Nirmal Poudel
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20521, Finland
| | | | - Nikolaos E Labrou
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos Street, GR-11855, Athens, Greece.
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Omics Potential in Herbicide-Resistant Weed Management. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8120607. [PMID: 31847327 PMCID: PMC6963460 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of omics technologies has drastically altered the way biologists conduct research. Basic plant biology and genomics have incorporated these technologies, while some challenges remain for use in applied biology. Weed science, on the whole, is still learning how to integrate omics technologies into the discipline; however, omics techniques are more frequently being implemented in new and creative ways to address basic questions in weed biology as well as the more practical questions of improving weed management. This has been especially true in the subdiscipline of herbicide resistance where important questions are the evolution and genetic basis of herbicide resistance. This review examines the advantages, challenges, potential solutions, and outlook for omics technologies in the discipline of weed science, with examples of how omics technologies will impact herbicide resistance studies and ultimately improve management of herbicide-resistant populations.
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Dücker R, Zöllner P, Parcharidou E, Ries S, Lorentz L, Beffa R. Enhanced metabolism causes reduced flufenacet sensitivity in black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) field populations. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2996-3004. [PMID: 30891919 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) is a frequent grass weed that commonly occurs in winter wheat in temperate Europe. Evolving resistance to post-emergence herbicides, e.g. acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors requires more complex weed management strategies and ensuring good efficacy of pre-emergence treatments becomes increasingly important. Flufenacet, in particular, has become a key herbicide for the control of multiple-resistant A. myosuroides. However, in some of those populations, reduced flufenacet efficacy was already observed. RESULTS In a screening of black-grass populations from several European countries, most populations were controlled with the registered field rate of flufenacet. However, differences in the level of flufenacet sensitivity were observed and correlated with glutathione S-transferase-mediated enhanced flufenacet metabolism. The efficacy of the pre-emergence herbicides pendimethalin, prosulfocarb, S-metolachlor and pethoxamid, was also significantly decreased in populations with reduced flufenacet sensitivity. The use of flufenacet in mixtures with diflufenican, particularly in combination with flurtamone or metribuzin, however, significantly improved efficacy in less susceptible black-grass populations. CONCLUSIONS In several populations of different European origins, reduced efficacy of flufenacet was observed due to enhanced metabolism. Although differences between populations were relatively small, best weed management practices (e.g. application of full dose rates and herbicide mixtures and wide crop rotations) should be applied to reduce selection pressure and prevent flufenacet resistance from further evolving. This is particularly important as flufenacet is one of the few still-effective herbicides suitable for the control of multiple-resistant A. myosuroides genotypes in Europe, whereas alternative pre-emergence herbicides were less effective against multiple-resistant A. myosuroides populations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecka Dücker
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Division of General Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Göttingen, Germany
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Peter Zöllner
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Evlampia Parcharidou
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Division of General Plant Pathology and Crop Protection, Göttingen, Germany
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Ries
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | | | - Roland Beffa
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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25
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Non-Target-Site Resistance to Herbicides: Recent Developments. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100417. [PMID: 31618956 PMCID: PMC6843234 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in weeds can be conferred as a result of the alteration of one or more physiological processes, including herbicide absorption, translocation, sequestration, and metabolism. The mechanisms of NTSR are generally more complex to decipher than target-site resistance (TSR) and can impart cross-resistance to herbicides with different modes of action. Metabolism-based NTSR has been reported in many agriculturally important weeds, although reduced translocation and sequestration of herbicides has also been found in some weeds. This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of NTSR mechanisms found in weed species. Further, the importance of examining the co-existence of TSR and NTSR for the same herbicide in the same weed species and influence of environmental conditions in the altering and selection of NTSR is also discussed. Knowledge of the prevalence of NTSR mechanisms and co-existing TSR and NTSR in weeds is crucial for designing sustainable weed management strategies to discourage the further evolution and selection of herbicide resistance in weeds.
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26
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Martin SL, Parent JS, Laforest M, Page E, Kreiner JM, James T. Population Genomic Approaches for Weed Science. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E354. [PMID: 31546893 PMCID: PMC6783936 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genomic approaches are opening avenues for understanding all aspects of biological life, especially as they begin to be applied to multiple individuals and populations. However, these approaches typically depend on the availability of a sequenced genome for the species of interest. While the number of genomes being sequenced is exploding, one group that has lagged behind are weeds. Although the power of genomic approaches for weed science has been recognized, what is needed to implement these approaches is unfamiliar to many weed scientists. In this review we attempt to address this problem by providing a primer on genome sequencing and provide examples of how genomics can help answer key questions in weed science such as: (1) Where do agricultural weeds come from; (2) what genes underlie herbicide resistance; and, more speculatively, (3) can we alter weed populations to make them easier to control? This review is intended as an introduction to orient weed scientists who are thinking about initiating genome sequencing projects to better understand weed populations, to highlight recent publications that illustrate the potential for these methods, and to provide direction to key tools and literature that will facilitate the development and execution of weed genomic projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Martin
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Jean-Sebastien Parent
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
| | - Martin Laforest
- Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC J3B 3E6, Canada.
| | - Eric Page
- Harrow Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0, Canada.
| | - Julia M Kreiner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada.
| | - Tracey James
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada.
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